Manual usuario chevy station wagon 2020 Continue 2014 Renault Clio Estate2009 Ford Mondeo1991-1996 Buick Roadmaster wagon, also called wagon or wagon, is a car body style that has a two-wheeled design, a large cargo area and a rear rear door that loops to open to access the cargo area. The body style is similar to a hatchback, but the station wagons are longer and are likely to have a roof line extended to the rear of the car (resulting in a vertical rear surface of the car) to increase the available cargo space. The names of the wagon and wagon are the result because of the original purpose of the car in carrying people and luggage between the country estate and the nearest station. The first station wagons produced in the United States around 1910 were wooden conversions of existing passenger cars. In the 1930s, automakers in the United States, Britain and France began producing models in a similar style, and by the 1950s the body of the tree was replaced by a steel body. Models of station wagons sold well from the 1950s to the 1970s, after which sales declined as the popularity of minivans and SUVs increased. The name, which reflects the original purpose of transporting people and luggage between country estates and railway stations, is called real estate car or real estate in the United Kingdom or universal in North America, New York, Australia and Africa. In the United States, early models with open wooden bodies became known as woodies. The term Kombi is used in Germany, short for Kombinationskraftwagen (combined vehicle). (quote necessary) Universals were on the market using the French term break de chasse (sometimes abbreviated break), which translates as hunting break, due to the overall pedigree with body-style shoot-brakes. Manufacturers can designate station wagons in different model lines with a branded plate. Examples include Vanguard, Caravan, Kombi, Sports Tourer, Sports Wagon, Turer, Turing and Option. Design Characteristics Comparison with hatchbacks Typical configurations of a pillar sedan (three boxes), a wagon (two boxes) and a hatchback (two boxes) from the same model line of station wagons and hatchbacks have a common two-court configuration of design, total interior for passengers and cargo and a rear door (often called the rear door in the case of a station wagon), which depends on the level of the roof. Folding rear seats (to create more space for cargo) are also common on both station wagons and hatchbacks. The hallmarks of hatchbacks and station wagons are: D-pillar: station wagons are more likely to have A-pillar (hatchbacks and station wagons have A-, B- and C-pillars). Volume of cargo: Universals give priority to the volume of passengers and cargo - with volume of cargo. Of the two body styles, the roof of the station wagon (seen in profile) most likely extends to the rear of the vehicle, attaching the full volume of the load - the roof hatchback (especially the roof liftback) can most likely rake down steeply behind the C-Pillar, prioritises style over the interior, with a shorter rear overhang and with smaller windows (or no windows) towards the volume of the load. Other differences are more variable and could potentially include: The contour of the cargo floor: the wagon often has a folded flat floor (to increase capacity), while the hatchback is likely to have a cargo floor with a pronounced contour. (quote is necessary) Seating: Some station wagons have three rows of seats, while the hatchback will have no more than two. The rear row of seats in the station wagon is often located in the cargo area and can be front, rear or side. Rear suspension: The wagon can include a reconfigured rear suspension for additional payload capacity and minimize intrusion into cargo volume. Rear door: Hatchbacks are usually equipped with top lift loops to access the load, with variations ranging from two-part lift to a complex rear door that can function either as a full rear door or as a trunk/boot cover. The station wagons are also equipped with numerous configurations of rear carriages. Hatchbacks can be called Liftbacks when the opening area is very sloping and the door rises to open. General Motors' design director described the difference as: Where you break the roof, at what angle the spirit of the car is determined, he said. You could have a 90-degree break in the back and a wagon. Universals have become commonplace to use a platform shared with other body styles, which has resulted in many common components (e.g. chassis, engine, transmission, A-pillar body, interior features and additional features) for the station wagon, sedan and hatchback. Tailgate designs the Renault/Dacia Logan MCV 1.5 DCI wagon with a dual side rear door Many modern station wagons have an upward, full width, full height rear door supported by gas springs - often where the rear window can swing on its own. A number of other designs have been used in the past. Split Gate's earliest citation needed general style was the up swinging box combined with a downward swinging back door. Both worked manually. This configuration tended to be dominated from the early origins of body wagon style in the 1920s to the 1940s. It remained in use until 1960 on several models offered by Ford, including the 1957-58 Del Rio two-door wagon. Retractable window In the early 1950s began to appear rear doors with manual bent rear windows. Later in this decade, electricity Applied to the back door window - it can be controlled from the driver's seat as well as the keyhole in the back door. By the early 1960s, this arrangement was extended to both full-size and compact carriages. Side hinge: A side hinged back door that opened like a door was offered on some three-seater wagons to make it easier for rear-row passengers to enter and exit the rear seats. This was later supplanted by a double hinged back door. 1963 Studebaker Wagonaire with rear roof retractable retractable roof They have a retractable rear roof as well as the usual rear rear doors that are stacked to carry high objects that are not suitable otherwise. The configuration appeared on the Studebaker Wagonaire wagon and the 2003 GMC Envoy XUV. Double and three operating gates In the United States, Ford's full-size wagons in 1966 introduced a system positioned as Magic Doorgate - a conventional rear door with a retractable rear window, where the rear door can either fold or open a turn on the side hinge - with the rear window removed anyway. Competitors market their versions like Drop and Swing or Double Tailgate Action. In 1969, Ford included a design that allowed the rear glass to stay up or down when the door was opened on the side hinge, a marketing system that was designed by Donald N. Frey as the Three- Move Magic Doorgate. Similar configurations have become the standard for full-size and intermediate station wagons from GM, Ford, Chrysler and AMC. GM added a notch to the rear bumper, which acted as a step plate; to fill the gap, a small part of the bumper was attached to the door gate. When opened as a swinging door, this part of the bumper has moved away, allowing the depression in the bumper to provide a step to facilitate the entrance; When the gates have been opened by being lowered or raised in a closed position, the chrome section remains in place, making the bumper intact. 1971 Buick Estate Wagon with clam shell tailgate Clam shell full-size General Motors 1971-1976 station wagons - Chevrolet Kingswood, Townman, Brookwood, Bel Air, Impala, and Caprice Estates; Pontiac Safari and Grand Safari; The Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser, and Buick Estate model - featured clam shell design on the market as Glide-away tailgate, is also called the disappearance of the back door because when opening, the rear door was completely out of sight. On the shell design of the clam, the rear power-operated glass slid up into the roof and the lower tailgate (with either manual or mandatory force), is lowered completely under the load floor. The manual lower rear door was balanced by the torque of the rod similar to the torque rods used in holding the trunk lid open, requiring a 35 pound push to completely lower the gate. Lifting the hand gate 5 pounds pull through the manual integral to the top edge of the retractable gate. Power Power The top glass and lower rear door became standard equipment in later model years. The design wagons featured an additional third row of seats with forward rewind, access to the rear side doors and folding second-row seat, and could accommodate 4 x 8' sheet plywood with folded rear seats. The design of the shell of the mollusk did not require an increase in the area or operating area to open, allowing the user to stand on the opening of the cargo without obstructing the door - for example, in a closed garage. Gm's subsequent full-size wagons returned to the style of the door gates for their full-size carriages. Lift-gate Simplified, one piece of lift-gate on small carriages. The next generation of full-size GM wagons returned to the rising back window, as was used in the 1940s. Renault Laguna II Estate with swing window swing-up window: up-lift, full height, full rear door width where the window on the back door can be open regardless of the back door itself.