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Universidad De San Carlos De Guatemala UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN CARLOS DE GUATEMALA FACULTAD DE AGRONOMÍA ÁREA INTEGRADA TRABAJO DE GRADUACIÓN REALIZADO EN LA REGIÓN DE ALTA VERAPAZ, IZABAL Y ÁREAS ALEDAÑAS SOBRE DESCRIPCIÓN GENERAL DEL AMBIENTE Y FENOLOGÍA DE CAOBA (Swietenia macrophylla King,), ROSUL (Dalbergia stevensonii Standl.), GRANADILLO (D. tucurensis Donn.) Y COCOBOLO (D. retusa Hemsl.), GUATEMALA, C.A. JOSUÉ ALEJANDRO HERNÁNDEZ LÓPEZ GUATEMALA, MAYO 2016 UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN CARLOS DE GUATEMALA FACULTAD DE AGRONOMÍA ÁREA INTEGRADA TRABAJO DE GRADUACIÓN TRABAJO DE GRADUACIÓN REALIZADO EN LA REGIÓN DE ALTA VERAPAZ, IZABAL Y ÁREAS ALEDAÑAS SOBRE DESCRIPCIÓN GENERAL DEL AMBIENTE Y FENOLOGÍA DE CAOBA (Swietenia macrophylla King,), ROSUL (Dalbergia stevensonii Standl.), GRANADILLO (D. tucurensis Donn.) Y COCOBOLO (D. retusa Hemsl.), GUATEMALA, C.A. PRESENTADA A LA HONORABLE JUNTA DIRECTIVA DE LA FACULTAD DE AGRONOMÍA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN CARLOS DE GUATEMALA POR JOSUÉ ALEJANDRO HERNÁNDEZ LÓPEZ EN EL ACTO DE INVESTIDURA COMO INGENIERO AGRÓNOMO EN RECURSOS NATURALES RENOVABLES EN EL GRADO ACADÉMICO DE LICENCIADO GUATEMALA, MAYO 2016 UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN CARLOS DE GUATEMALA FACULTAD DE AGRONOMÍA RECTOR Dr. CARLOS GUILLERMO ALVARADO CEREZO JUNTA DIRECTIVA DE LA FACULTAD DE AGRONOMÍA DECANO Ing. Agr. Mario Antonio Godínez López VOCAL PRIMERO Dr. Tomás Antonio Padilla Cambara VOCAL SEGUNDO Ing. Agr. M. Sc. César Linneo García Contreras VOCAL TERCERO Ing. Agr. M. Sc. Herberto Raúl Alfaro Ortiz VOCAL CUARTO B.I.P.E. Milton Juan José Caná Aguilar VOCAL QUINTO MEH Ruth Raquel Curruchich Cúmez SECRETARIO Ing. Agr. Juan Alberto Herrera Ardón Guatemala, mayo de 2016 Guatemala, mayo de 2016 Honorable Junta Directiva Honorable Tribunal Examinador Facultad de Agronomía Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala Honorables miembros: De conformidad con las normas establecidas en la Ley Orgánica de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, tengo el honor de someter a vuestra consideración, el TRABAJO DE GRADUACIÓN REALIZADO EN LA REGIÓN DE ALTA VERAPAZ, IZABAL Y ÁREAS ALEDAÑAS SOBRE DESCRIPCIÓN GENERAL DEL AMBIENTE Y FENOLOGÍA DE CAOBA (Swietenia macrophylla King,), ROSUL (Dalbergia stevensonii Standl.), GRANADILLO (D. tucurensis Donn.) Y COCOBOLO (D. retusa Hemsl.), GUATEMALA, C.A. Como requisito previo a optar por el título de Ingeniero Agrónomo en Recursos Naturales Renovables, en el grado académico de Licenciado. Esperando que el mismo llene los requisitos necesarios para su aprobación, me suscribo, Atentamente, “ID Y ENSEÑAD A TODOS” Josué Alejandro Hernández López ACTO QUE DEDICO A: DIOS: por tu palabra escrita en mi corazón, (Josué 1:9) por estar junto a mí donde quiera que estuviera, ser la fuente de mis fuerzas, conocimiento y sabiduría. MI BISABUELA Concepción Soto del Águila (Chonita) MIS ABUELAS: América Reyes †; María López MIS PADRES: Isaías Hernández y Elmira López MIS HERMANOS: Bladimir, Isaí, Víctor e Isinova AGRADECIMIENTO A: Mis Padres: por acompañarme durante toda mi vida y mis “carreras”, enseñarme el valor de una familia y mostrarme el camino correcto a seguir. Mis Hermanos: por estar siempre juntos, en alegrías y tristezas. Mi Familia: mis abuelas, tíos y primos, siempre pendientes de mí. Fam. Vásquez Guerra y Fam. Leal Salguero por la confianza, ánimo y apoyo que me dieron en determinados momentos. Ing. Agr. Juan José Castillo Mont, Ing. Agr. David E. Mendieta; Ing. Agr. Oscar Medinilla por el conocimiento y consejos compartidos en la etapa profesional. Mis amigas y amigos de aventuras en la vida, dentro y fuera; antes, durante y después, de la Universidad. Sheily Soto, Betty pazos, Jackelin Diéguez y Gerardo Guzmán Mis compañeros Agrónomos de ingreso 2003 y promoción 2006, por su apoyo, a Emilia Tatuaca, Anita Castellanos, Luis Elias, Alberto Cano, Paola Leal, Julissa Ojer, Otto Palencia, Keny Barreno, Jennifer Leal, Jose Benart, Carlos Barrios, Gabriel Alvarez, Melissa Morales (compañera de lucha) y a todos los demás compañeros de cursos que formaron parte de mi vida en algún momento. Colegio Cristiano “Nuevo Pacto” por la oportunidad laboral durante mi preparación Universitaria. Iglesia Cristiana Misión Trinidad por sus oraciones y estar pendientes de mí. La Centenaria Escuela Normal Central Para Varones por ser parte fundamental de mi carácter y profesionalismo. La Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala y la Facultad de Agronomía, por acogerme en sus aulas durante tantos años. Al valiente, fuerte, consiente y consecuente pueblo de Guatemala por su sacrificio transformado en esta oportunidad de desarrollo profesional. Al proyecto “Establecimiento de un laboratorio forense para la identificación y descripción de maderas para la aplicación de los procesos legales y de los sistemas de trazabilidad de los productos incluidos en cites”, Ing. Agr. Mirna Herrera e Ing. Agr. Víctor Macario, por permitirme realizar mis prácticas profesionales. Porque, sin todos ustedes, nada de lo que ocurrió hubiera sido realidad. i Tabla de contenido Contenido Página 1 CAPÍTULO I DIAGNÓSTICO ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 INTRODUCCIÓN ................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 MARCO CONCEPTUAL ......................................................................................................................... 3 1.2.1 Marco referencial ........................................................................................................ 3 1.2.2 Marco teórico .............................................................................................................. 6 1.3 OBJETIVOS ........................................................................................................................................... 9 1.3.1 General: ...................................................................................................................... 9 1.3.2 Específicos: ................................................................................................................ 9 1.4 METODOLOGÍA .................................................................................................................................... 9 1.4.1 Recursos: ................................................................................................................... 9 1.4.2 Actividades: .............................................................................................................. 10 1.5 RESULTADOS ..................................................................................................................................... 10 1.5.1 Franja Transversal del Norte. ................................................................................... 10 1.5.2 Distribución del género Swietenia spp. ..................................................................... 12 1.5.3 Distribución del género Dalbergia spp. ..................................................................... 12 1.6 CONCLUSIONES ................................................................................................................................. 22 1.7 RECOMENDACIONES ......................................................................................................................... 22 1.8 BIBLIOGRAFÍA .................................................................................................................................... 23 2 CAPITULO II INVESTIGACIÓN ..................................................................................................................... 23 2.1 PRESENTACIÓN .................................................................................................................................. 27 2.2 DEFINICIÓN DEL PROBLEMA ............................................................................................................. 28 2.3 MARCO TEÓRICO ............................................................................................................................... 28 2.3.1 Marco conceptual ..................................................................................................... 28 2.3.2 Marco referencial ...................................................................................................... 42 2.4 OBJETIVOS ......................................................................................................................................... 45 2.4.1 Objetivo general: ...................................................................................................... 45 2.4.2 Objetivos específicos ................................................................................................ 45 2.5 METODOLOGÍA .................................................................................................................................. 46 2.6 RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN ................................................................................................................ 47 ii Contenido Página 2.6.1 Swietenia macrophylla King. .................................................................................... 47 2.6.2 Dalbergia spp. .......................................................................................................... 52 2.6.3 Estado fenológico ..................................................................................................... 54 2.7 CONCLUSIONES ................................................................................................................................
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