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Orquídeas Associação Orquidófila Piracicabana ORQUIPIRA - 1998 14/05/2019 Orquídeas Associação Orquidófila Piracicabana ORQUIPIRA - 1998 Christian Aparecido Demetrio Tetracampeão Nacional – CAOB 2010 – 2011 – 2012 – 2013 Mercado Consumidor Vanilla planifolia • Colecionadores: mudas, plantas adultas • Flores de corte • Flores em vasos • Mudas para produtores comerciais • Laboratório: próprio ou terceirizado, sementeiras e meristemas (outros produtos além de orquídeas) • Alimentício, medicina... 1 14/05/2019 Vanilla planifolia Classificação: • Domínio: Eukariota • Reino: Plantae • Divisão: Magnoliophyta (Angiospermas) • Classe: Liliopsida (Monocotiledoneas) • Ordem: Asparagales • Família: Orchidaceae Família: Orchidaceae Distribuição: • Subfamílias: Apostasioidea Vanilloidea Cypripedioidea Orchidoidea Epidendroidea 2 14/05/2019 Gênero tipo – Lineu 1753 Orchis Espécie tipo: Orchis militaris Orchidaceae - Brasil Família Orchidaceae • 850 gêneros • 25.000 espécies • Mais de 100.000 híbridos registrados Gêneros: 219 Espécies: 2451 (RHS) Subespécies: 10 Variedades: 16 Orchidaceae in Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Disponível em: <http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB179>. Acesso em: 18 Mar. 2019 3 14/05/2019 Caracterização da Família • Características gerais das monocotiledôneas • Estrutura floral: simetria bilateral ✔Pétalas e sépalas semelhantes ✔Labelo ✔Coluna ✔Polínia ✔Ressupinação • Raízes com velame (epífitas) Velame • Sementes diminutas X micorriza (Mycorrhyzum) Coluna Estrutura Floral Sépala dorsal ou superior Políneas Anter a Pétalas Estigma Lóbulos laterais Sépalas laterais ou inferiores Lóbulo medial 4 14/05/2019 Classificação pelo tipo de crescimento Classificação pelo tipo de crescimento Monopodial Simpodial Epífita Classificação por Habitat • Epífitas • Terrestres • Rupícolas • Saprófitas • Aquática Cattleya intermedia 5 14/05/2019 Terrestre Orquídea Saprófita Dactylorhiza fuchsii Rhizanthella gardneri Orquídea aquática Orquídeas rupícula Habenaria repens Kerry 1996 Hoffmannseggella lucasiana 6 14/05/2019 Masdevallia sp em situação rupícola Cattleya walkeriana em situação rupícola Reprodução Mecanismos de Atração: Pseudocópula Ophrys spp Cattleya aclandiae Ophris speculum 7 14/05/2019 Mecanismos de Atração: Mecanismos de Atração: néctar néctar Coryanthes spp Angraecum sesquipedale X Xanthopan morganii Mecanismos de atração: Polinização natural mimetismo, cores, perfumes, ceras Bulbophyllum rothschildianum Cattleya Walkeriana 8 14/05/2019 Catasetum piletaum Dimorfismo sexual: Catasetum fimbriatum Fruto Sementes Arundina bambulifolia 9 14/05/2019 10 14/05/2019 11 14/05/2019 Genealogy of Blc. Chia Lin Blc. Chia Lin = Blc. Oconee x Blc. Maitland (1989) Registered by Ping-Ho, Su • Registro do primeiro cruzamento 1856 C. dowiana x C. warscewiczzi • 9 gerações • Registrado em 1989 • Cruzamentos: 61 • http://www.orchid.or.jp/orchid/people/hashizume/kakeizu/Blc_Chia_Lin.htm 12 14/05/2019 Multiplicação Meristema ✔ Sementes ✔ Meristemas ✔ Divisão de touceiras ✔ Keiki ✔ Estacas Meristema Meristema 13 14/05/2019 Meristema Meristema Meristema Meristema 14 14/05/2019 Meristema Meristema Semeadura Semeadura 15 14/05/2019 Semeadura Semeadura Semeadura Semeadura 16 14/05/2019 Germinação Sala de Crescimento Sala de crescimento Aclimatação 17 14/05/2019 Aclimatação Resultado Final Keiki Divisão de touceira Phalaenopsis 18 14/05/2019 19 14/05/2019 20 14/05/2019 21 14/05/2019 Luminosidade Manutenção dos frascos em laboratório - ± 2.000 lux, com fotoperíodo de 16h e temperatura de 26 ± 2 °C Sol pleno – aproximadamente 100.000 lux Cultivo de Phalaenopsis – 8.000 a 12.000 lux Cultivo de Paphiopedilum – 10.000 a 15.000 lux Cultivo de Cattleya – 30.000 a 40.000 lux 22 14/05/2019 Controle de Luminosidade • Sombra de árvores Umidade • Janelas, varandas • Ripados X • Telados Irrigação • Estufas Irrigação • Sempre que o substrato estiver seco – irá variar em cada região, cada época do ano, forma de cultivo... • Água de boa qualidade e sem cloro • Molhar toda a planta, substrato, vaso, chão... • Evitar excesso de pressão – trauma, desplante... • Mangueira, regador, pulverizadores de variadas capacidades e mecanismos de trabalho, irrigação 23 14/05/2019 24 14/05/2019 25 14/05/2019 Replante • Sempre que o substrato estiver envelhecido – perda das suas características, acidez, presença de insetos, caramujos, plantas invasoras • Quando o vaso não comportar adequadamente a planta • Planta que por diversos motivos não adaptou-se ao substrato, vaso,condições de cultivo • Quebra de vasos • Motivos estéticos Observações Importantes no Replante Pragas e Doenças • Melhor momento para o replante • Insetos : • Vaso de tamanho adequado -Cochonilhas de carapaça: Diaspis boisduvalii, Parlatoria proteus, Pseudoparlatoria parlatorioides, Niveaspis cattleyae, • Não compactar demasiadamente o substrato – reduz Chrysomphalus ficus, Furcaspis biformis, Conchaspis bainensis aeração, quebra de raízes -Cochonilhas sem carapaça: Asterolecanium epidendri, • Evitar que a planta balance no vaso – amarras, Icerya brasiliensis, Coccus pseudohesperidium, Platinglisia noacki, saissetia estaqueamento, presilhas, palitos sp, Planococcus sp. • Nunca cobrir o rizoma com o substrato 26 14/05/2019 Pragas e Doenças Calorileya nigra • Insetos - Percevejo – Tenthecoris orchidearum - Pulgões: Cerataphislataniae, Macrosiphum luteum, Myzus persicae - Besouros – Diorymerellus lepaguei, Diabrotica speciosa (patriota ou brasileirinho) - Vespinhas – Eurytoma orchidearum, Calorileya nigra Pragas e Doenças Pragas e Doenças • Insetos - Abelhas sem ferrão – Trigona spinipes (irapuá, • Ácaros – Tetranychus urticae (o mais comum) irapuã, arapuá, abelha cachorro) • Tatuzinhos – Oniscus sp, Armadillidium vulgare • Lesmas – Vaginula sp, Veronicella sp - Tripes – Aurantothrips orchidearum, Taeniothrips • Bradybaena similaris ( o mais frequente) xanthius, , Selenothrips rubrocinctus, Gynaikothrips ficorum Caracóis – 27 14/05/2019 Pragas e Doenças Pragas e Doenças Doenças Fúngicas - Podridão negra – Pythium ultimum, Phytophthora • Bacterioses cactorum - Mancha aquosa ou mancha marrom: - Murcha – Fusarium oxysporum Acidovorax cattleyae (Pseudomonas cattleyae) - Antracnose – Colletotrichum gloeosporioides - Podridão mole: Erwinia carotovora, Erwinia - Ferrugem – Sphenospora sp,Uredo sp, Hemileia sp chrysanthemi - Mofo cinzento – Botrytis cinerea - Cercosporiose – Cercospora sp - Podridão das raízes – Rhizoctonia solani Pragas e Doenças Pragas e Doenças • Doenças Abióticas • Viroses (pelo menos 27 vírus) - Água - Luz - ORSV – Odontoglossum Ringspot Virus - Nutrição - Temperatura - CyMV – Cymbidium Mosaic Virus - Fitotoxidez - OFV – Orchid Fleck Virus 28 14/05/2019 Virose Virose Blc. George King "Serendipt” Blc. George King "Serendipt" - Virus Obrigado!!! [email protected] 29 .
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