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Tradition and Sustainability in Vernacular Architecture of Southeast Morocco
sustainability Article Tradition and Sustainability in Vernacular Architecture of Southeast Morocco Teresa Gil-Piqueras * and Pablo Rodríguez-Navarro Centro de Investigación en Arquitectura, Patrimonio y Gestión para el Desarrollo Sostenible–PEGASO, Universitat Politècnica de València, Cno. de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: This article is presented after ten years of research on the earthen architecture of southeast- ern Morocco, more specifically that of the natural axis connecting the cities of Midelt and Er-Rachidia, located North and South of the Moroccan northern High Atlas. The typology studied is called ksar (ksour, pl.). Throughout various research projects, we have been able to explore this territory, documenting in field sheets the characteristics of a total of 30 ksour in the Outat valley, 20 in the mountain range and 53 in the Mdagra oasis. The objective of the present work is to analyze, through qualitative and quantitative data, the main characteristics of this vernacular architecture as a perfect example of an environmentally respectful habitat, obtaining concrete data on its traditional character and its sustainability. The methodology followed is based on case studies and, as a result, we have obtained a typological classification of the ksour of this region and their relationship with the territory, as well as the social, functional, defensive, productive, and building characteristics that define them. Knowing and puttin in value this vernacular heritage is the first step towards protecting it and to show our commitment to future generations. Keywords: ksar; vernacular architecture; rammed earth; Morocco; typologies; oasis; High Atlas; sustainable traditional architecture Citation: Gil-Piqueras, T.; Rodríguez-Navarro, P. -
Developing a Geographical Information System for the Oudayas Kasbah of Rabat
Developing a Geographical Information System for the Oudayas Kasbah of Rabat An Interactive Qualifying Project (IQP) Proposal submitted to the faculty of Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelors of Science in cooperation with The Prefecture of Rabat Submitted by: Project Advisors: Tyler Beaupre Professor Ingrid Shockey Dominic Cupo Professor Gbetonmasse Somasse Lauren Fraser Hayley Poskus Submitted to: Mr. Hammadi Houra, Sponsor Liaison Submitted on October 12th, 2016 ABSTRACT An accurate map of a city is essential for supplementing tourist traffic and management by the local government. The city of Rabat was lacking such a map for the Kasbah of the Oudayas. With the assistance of the Prefecture of Rabat, we created a Geographical Information System (GIS) for that section of the medina using QGIS software. Within this GIS, we mapped the area, added historical landmarks and tourist attractions, and created a walking tour of the Oudayas Kasbah. This prototype remains expandable, allowing the prefecture to extend the system to all the city of Rabat. i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction In 2012, the city of Rabat, Morocco was awarded the status of a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) world heritage site for integrating both Western Modernism and Arabo-Muslim history, creating a unique juxtaposition of cultures (UNESCO, 2016). The Kasbah of the Oudayas, a twelfth century fortress in the city, exemplifies this connection. A view of the Bab Oudaya is shown below in Figure 1. It is a popular tourist attraction and has assisted Rabat in bringing in an average of 500,000 tourists per year (World Bank, 2016). -
A Note from Sir Richard Branson
A NOTE FROM SIR RICHARD BRANSON “ In 1998, I went to Morocco with the goal of circumnavigating the globe in a hot air balloon. Whilst there, my parents found a beautiful Kasbah and dreamed of turning it into a wonderful Moroccan retreat. Sadly, I didn’t quite manage to realise my goal on that occasion, however I did purchase that magnificent Kasbah and now my parents’ dream has become a reality. I am pleased to welcome you to Kasbah Tamadot, (Tamadot meaning soft breeze in Berber), which is perhaps one of the most beautiful properties in the high Atlas Mountains of Morocco. I hope you enjoy this magical place; I’m sure you too will fall in love with it.” Sir Richard Branson 2- 5 THINGS YOU NEED TO KNOW 14 Babouches ACTIVITIES AT KASBAH Babysitting TAMADOT Cash and credit cards Stargazing Cigars Trekking in the Atlas Mountains Departure Asni Market Tours WELCOME TO KASBAH TAMADOT Do not disturb Cooking classes Fire evacuation routes Welcome to Kasbah Tamadot (pronounced: tam-a-dot)! Four legged friends We’re delighted you’ve come to stay with us. Games, DVDs and CDs This magical place is perfect for rest and relaxation; you can Kasbah Tamadot Gift Shop 1 5 do as much or as little as you like. Enjoy the fresh mountain air The Berber Boutique KASBAH KIDS as you wander around our beautiful gardens of specimen fruit Laundry and dry cleaning Activities for children trees and rambling rose bushes, or go on a trek through the Lost or found something? Medical assistance and pharmacy High Atlas Mountains...the choice is yours. -
Reasonable Plans. the Story of the Kasbah Du Toubkal
The Story of the Kasbah du Toubkal MARRAKECH • MOROCCO DEREK WORKMAN The Story of the Kasbah du Toubkal Marrakech • Morocco Derek WorkMan Second edition (2014) The information in this booklet can be used copyright free (without editorial changes) with a credit given to the Kasbah du Toubkal and/or Discover Ltd. For permission to make editorial changes please contact the Kasbah du Toubkal at [email protected], or tel. +44 (0)1883 744 392. Discover Ltd, Timbers, Oxted Road, Godstone, Surrey, RH9 8AD Photography: Alan Keohane, Derek Workman, Bonnie Riehl and others Book design/layout: Alison Rayner We are pleased to be a founding member of the prestigious National Geographic network Dedication Dreams are only the plans of the reasonable – dreamt by Discover realised by Omar and the Worker of Imlil (Inscription on a brass plaque at the entrance to the Kasbah du Toubkal) his booklet is dedicated to the people of Imlil, and to all those who Thelped bring the ‘reasonable plans’ to reality, whether through direct involvement with Discover Ltd. and the Kasbah du Toubkal, or by simply offering what they could along the way. Long may they continue to do so. And of course to all our guests who contribute through the five percent levy that makes our work in the community possible. CONTENTS IntroDuctIon .........................................................................................7 CHAPTER 1 • The House on the Hill .......................................13 CHAPTER 2 • Taking Care of Business .................................29 CHAPTER 3 • one hand clapping .............................................47 CHAPTER 4 • An Association of Ideas ...................................57 CHAPTER 5 • The Work of Education For All ....................77 CHAPTER 6 • By Bike Through the High Atlas Mountains .......................................99 CHAPTER 7 • So Where Do We Go From Here? .......... -
Luxurious Vip Service SPECIAL Morocco VIP GRAND TOUR 12 Day
Luxurious Vip Service SPECIAL Morocco VIP GRAND TOUR 12 Day Day1 : Casablanca airport– Casablanca Open arrival Casablanca International airport Welcome and assistance with our ( English speaking guide )and transfer directly to Casablanca . Stop for photos at the Hassan II Mosque Remainder of the day is at leisure. Overnight in Casablanca Day 2: Casablanca Rabat We set out on a 1½ hours’ drive to the administrative Imperial capital since 1912 of the Kingdom of Morocco, Rabat (R’bat al Fat’h) – one of the four Imperial Cities, general the administrative Imperial capital since 1912 of the Kingdom of Morocco, Rabat (R’bat al Fat’h) –Sightseeing you visit the Royal Palace and the Kasbah of the Oudayas in this beautiful coastal city. Overnight in Rabat Day 3: Rabat – Chefchaouen After breakfast, you will depart for Chefchaouen, the famous blue city of Morocco in the Rif Mountains. You will stop for luch at one of the local small town to a kefta barbecue than continue the drive ; Upon arrival in Chefchaouen, you will check into your Riad and have some time to settle in, relax, and explore! Day 4: Chefchaouen – Fes After breakfast we will start out tour in the bleu city and at your convenience , you will set out for the ancient Roman ruins of Volubilis. You will spend the morning exploring the 2000-year-old ruins and getting a picture of life during the Roman Empire. Lunch will be taken in Meknes one of Morocco’s Imperial cities. After lunch, your driver will take you to visit the King’s Stables and the Granary, and then you will head off to Fes, the cultural and spiritual capital of Morocco BV ABDELLAH BEN YASSINE CASABLANCA, MOROCCO Luxurious Vip Service Day 5:Fes 0930 Depart for sightseeing of Fez. -
Borders. Contemporary Middle Eastern Art and Discourse
Robert Kluijver BordersContemporary Middle Eastern Art and Discourse The Hague October 2007 | January 2009 Borders Contemporary Middle Eastern Art and Discourse Gemak, The Hague October 2007 to January 2009 Borders Contemporary Middle Eastern Art and Discourse Gemak, The Hague October 2007 to January 2009 Self-published by the Gemeentemuseum Den Haag Print run of 500 copies January 2010 Acknowledgements Most of the support for Gemak came from the municipality of The Hague through the Gemeentemuseum and the Vrije Academie, but essential financial support also came from the Hivos NCDO Cultuurfonds, the Mondriaan Foundation, Kosmopolis Den Haag and Cordaid. I would like to thank these organizations for their willingness to support Gemak in its initial steps. My gratitude to the staff at the Gemeentemuseum (Director Benno Tempel, deputy director Hans Buurman, and Peter Couvee & Annemarie de Jong from the graphic department) who supported this publication. Thanks also to Alan Ingram, Ruchama Marton, Alessandro Petti, Roee Rosen, Tina Sherwell and Eyal Weizman for allowing me to reproduce their texts, either in full or abridged. Credits All texts are by Robert Kluijver except where indicated otherwise. Design by Matthew Adeney. The photographs have either been given by the artists or have been taken by the author, except where attributed otherwise. See photo credits at the back of the book. The points of view expressed herein are the author’s only, and do not reflect those of the Gemeentemuseum, the Vrije Academie or of the artists and writers discussed/quoted. The author takes full responsibility for any eventual mistakes. Note In the period covered by this book Gemak organized more exhibitions than the three that were part of the ‘The Border’ cycle. -
Dr. Ziad, Abd Al-Rahman and Saleh Al-Alyan Convey Their Deepest Condolences to 9D%C`Gjyú>Yeadq on the Sad Demise Of
Min 27º Max 45º High Tide 03:35 & 14:45 Low Tide SATURDAY, MAY 23, 2015 SHAABAN 5, 1436 AH www.kuwaittimes.net 09:20 & 22:05 Kuwait32 PAGES NO: 16529 150 FILS mourns Al-Khorafi ‘Former parliament speaker dies at 75’ Amir offers condolences KUWAIT: His Highness the Amir Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah yesterday sent a cable of condolences to the family of the former speaker of Kuwait’s National Assembly Jassem Al-Khorafi who passed away on Thursday at the age of 75 and was buried yesterday. His Highness the Amir highlighted achievements of the deceased, saying that Kuwait has lost one of the country’s “dear sons and loyal men.” He empha- sized the copious record of great services Al-Khorafi offered to Kuwait through the posts he held. His Highness the Crown Prince Sheikh Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al- Jaber Al-Sabah send a similar cable to Al-Khorafi family. Born in 1944, Al- Khorafi came from a locally highly-revered family of businessmen and politi- cians. He was voted an MP nine times and a National Assembly speaker from 1999 to 2011. He was also appointed as Minister of Finance and Economy from 1985-1990. — KUNA KUWAIT: The body of the former speaker of Al-Khorafi was born in 1944 in the neigh- long political and business experiences in this the Kuwaiti National Assembly Jassem Al- borhood of Qiblah of Kuwait City and regard. He was voted an MP nine times and a Khorafi was buried yesterday having achieved belonged to a highly-revered family of busi- speaker of the National Assembly from 1999 distinguished efforts that contributed to serv- nessmen and politicians. -
Iraq Tribal Study – Al-Anbar Governorate: the Albu Fahd Tribe
Iraq Tribal Study AL-ANBAR GOVERNORATE ALBU FAHD TRIBE ALBU MAHAL TRIBE ALBU ISSA TRIBE GLOBAL GLOBAL RESOURCES RISK GROUP This Page Intentionally Left Blank Iraq Tribal Study Iraq Tribal Study – Al-Anbar Governorate: The Albu Fahd Tribe, The Albu Mahal Tribe and the Albu Issa Tribe Study Director and Primary Researcher: Lin Todd Contributing Researchers: W. Patrick Lang, Jr., Colonel, US Army (Retired) R. Alan King Andrea V. Jackson Montgomery McFate, PhD Ahmed S. Hashim, PhD Jeremy S. Harrington Research and Writing Completed: June 18, 2006 Study Conducted Under Contract with the Department of Defense. i Iraq Tribal Study This Page Intentionally Left Blank ii Iraq Tribal Study Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY CHAPTER ONE. Introduction 1-1 CHAPTER TWO. Common Historical Characteristics and Aspects of the Tribes of Iraq and al-Anbar Governorate 2-1 • Key Characteristics of Sunni Arab Identity 2-3 • Arab Ethnicity 2-3 – The Impact of the Arabic Language 2-4 – Arabism 2-5 – Authority in Contemporary Iraq 2-8 • Islam 2-9 – Islam and the State 2-9 – Role of Islam in Politics 2-10 – Islam and Legitimacy 2-11 – Sunni Islam 2-12 – Sunni Islam Madhabs (Schools of Law) 2-13 – Hanafi School 2-13 – Maliki School 2-14 – Shafii School 2-15 – Hanbali School 2-15 – Sunni Islam in Iraq 2-16 – Extremist Forms of Sunni Islam 2-17 – Wahhabism 2-17 – Salafism 2-19 – Takfirism 2-22 – Sunni and Shia Differences 2-23 – Islam and Arabism 2-24 – Role of Islam in Government and Politics in Iraq 2-25 – Women in Islam 2-26 – Piety 2-29 – Fatalism 2-31 – Social Justice 2-31 – Quranic Treatment of Warfare vs. -
07.Tunez.Recorrido Vii
ITINERARY VII The Ribat Towns Mourad Rammah VII.1 MONASTIR VII.1.a The Ribat VII.1.b Sidi al-Ghedamsi Ribat (option) VII.2 LEMTA VII.2.a The Ribat (option) VII.3 SOUSSE VII.3.a The Ribat VII.3.b The Great Mosque VII.3.c Al-Zaqqaq Madrasa VII.3.d Qubba bin al-Qhawi VII.3.e Sidi ‘Ali ‘Ammar Mosque VII.3.f Buftata Mosque VII.3.g The Kasbah and the Ramparts The Ribat, Monastir. 185 ITINERARY VII The Ribat Towns Monastir The assaults of the Byzantine fleet along the itary and religious purpose were reflected coast following the Muslim Conquest in their robust and austere architecture, forced the Ifriqiyans to build a continuous characterised by the use of stone and vaults line of defence consisting of fortresses made of rubble and the banishment of called ribats. They rose along the coastline wood coverings and light structures. This from Tangier to Alexandria and communi- type of architecture spread across the cated via the use of fires lit up at the top of whole of the Tunisian Sahel, and Sousse and the towers. The ribats served as a refuge for Monastir became the two ribat-towns par the inhabitants of the surrounding coun- excellence. tryside and were lived in by warrior Whilst all making reference to the same monks. The prolonged stays and visits of school of architecture, they nevertheless the most illustrious Ifriqiyan scholars, each underwent a slightly different evolu- jurisconsults and ascetics reinforced the tion. Sousse became in the 3rd/9th century spiritual prestige of these buildings, trans- the headquarters of the Aghlabid fleet and forming them into veritable monastery- the most important naval military base, fortresses and centres of learning that which was involved in the Conquest of Sici- transmitted Arab-Muslim culture along the ly in 211/827, as well as being the crucible north coast of North Africa. -
Urban Flora of Sousse (Tunisia)
DIETMAR BRANDES: Urban flora of Sousse, Tunisia. http://opus.tu-bs.de/opus /volltexte/2001/189 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Urban flora of Sousse (Tunisia) Dietmar Brandes 1. Introduction 2. Ancient town centre (medina) of Sousse 3. Modern town 3.1. Colonial and post-colonial quarters 3.2. Cultivated trees and weeds of the unsealed areas around them 3.3. Epiphytes 3.4. Weeds of flower bowls in the streets 3.5. Further species in the modern quarters 4. Flora of railway land 5. Flora of the outskirts 6. Coastal flora 7. Comparison with urban flora of Central Europe 8. References 9. Figures Prof. Dr. Dietmar Brandes Arbeitsgruppe für Vegetationsökologie und experimentelle Pflanzensoziologie Botanisches Institut und Botanischer Garten der TU Braunschweig D-38023 Braunschweig E-mail: [email protected] Homepage: http://www.biblio.tu-bs.de/geobot/geobot.htm 1 DIETMAR BRANDES: Urban flora of Sousse, Tunisia. http://opus.tu-bs.de/opus /volltexte/2001/189 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 1. Introduction Sousse is situated in North Africa on the southern shore of the Gulf of Hammamet. The town was founded in the 9th century by the Phoenicians as Hadrumet. Hannibal used Hadrumet as a military basis at the end of the Second Punic War (218-201 BC), which was lost by him. Later on – during the Third Punic War – the city changed over to the Romans and avoided therefore demolition. The city gets the new name Hadrumetum, became a part of the Roman Empire and gained the status of a free city. Under the rule of Emperor Trajan it became an important commerce centre: The number of inhabitants rised to about 40.000; the port got great importance for the exportation of olive oil. -
Moroccan Discovery from the IMPERIAL CITIES to the SAHARA
presents Moroccan Discovery FROM THE IMPERIAL CITIES TO THE SAHARA 14 days for $5,295 from San Francisco — air & land inclusive April 28-May 11, 2012 An Exclusive Small Group Tour for The Commonwealth Club Tour membership is limited to 24 guests MOROCCAN DISCOVERY FROM THE IMPERIAL CITIES TO THE SAHARA 14 days for $5,295 from San Francisco — air & land inclusive ncounter this land of dramatic contrasts through its ancient ruins and sacred Emosques, endless desert and storied mo untains, imposing kasbahs and spirited souks. Travel from the imperial cities of Rabat, Fez, and Marrakech to the Atlas Mountains and vast Sahara, to experience a truly foreign land, an age-old culture, and genuinely hospitable people. Saturday, April 28: Depart U.S. for Destination MMediterediterrraneananean SSeaea Casablanca, Morocco Motorcoach Entry/Departure Sunday, April 29: Casablanca/Rabat After Rabat Fez arriving in Casablanca, the commercial center of Morocco (and of all North Africa), travel to Rabat Casablanca and check in at your hotel near famed Hassan AAttllanticantic OOceancean Tower. Tonight enjoy a welcome dinner at a local Marrakech restaurant in Rabat’s Old Town. L,D Erfoud/Sahara Desert Monday, April 30: Rabat Ouarzazate One of Morocco’s four ancient capitals, or imperial cities, Rabat is again the country’s capital, at once historic and contemporary . Enjoy a morning briefing at the Avg. High (°F) Apr May Rabat 71 74 U.S. Embassy. Visit the fortified Kasbah of the Marrakech 79 84 Oudaias, the peaceful Andalusian Gardens, and the necropolis of Chellah, built on ancient Roman ruins. Then cross the river to Sale to tour Musée Your Small Group Tour Highlights Belghazi, Africa’s largest private museum. -
Download Full Article (PDF)
By Monica Frim Photography by C o zeKasba John and Monica Frim ome with me to ah. The iconic meme evokes images of Pépé le Moko, the thieving character played by Charles Boyer in the 1938 movie, Algiers, dashing Hollywood-style through the narrow streets and blind alleyways of the medina (old city quarters), except that we were in Tunis, not Algiers, and the famous kasbah line attributed to Boyer never did make it into the movie. Instead, a lovesick cartoon skunk named Pepé le Pew, usurped the expression and gave it immorality. Pepé and his French-accented pick-up line are still making the rounds almost 80 years later. In my mind’s eye, the adorable cartoon skunk of my childhood perfectly sized up the historic heart of Tunis. In the strict sense of the word, a kasbah is a fortress or citadel, although in some North African countries kasbah can refer to the entire medina or any structure behind a defensive wall. In the capital city of Tunis, the Kasbah is a central district of spaciousness and relative quiet where modern government buildings and a large public square now occupy the historical sites that once bore the imprints of Turkish, Spanish, French and other conquests. It’s known a few protests, including the Arab Spring uprising of recent history, but remains, for the most part, an oasis of calm next to the hustle and bustle of the adjoining medina, one of North Africa’s best preserved. Hundreds of palaces, mosques, mausoleums, fountains and monuments from various dynasties and cultures surround the Kasbah.