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Zusammenfassungen Der Arbeitskreisbeiträge Deutsche Phytomedizinische Gesellschaft Zusammenfassungen der Arbeitskreisbeiträge 2011 Impressum Redaktion: Dr. Falko Feldmann, Dr. Christian Carstensen Deutsche Phytomedizinische Gesellschaft e. V. Messeweg 11/12 D-38104 Braunschweig Tel.: 0531 / 299-3213, Fax 0531 / 299-3019 E-mail: [email protected] www.phytomedizin.org ii INHALT DPG Symposium Plant Protection and Plant Health in Europe 2011 ......................................... 1 AK Herbologie ............................................................................................................................ 6 AK Mykologie........................................................................................................................... 10 AK Nematologie ....................................................................................................................... 21 AK Nutzarthropoden und Entomopathogene Nematoden ........................................................ 39 AK Pflanzenschutztechnik ........................................................................................................ 51 AK Phytobakteriologie .............................................................................................................. 59 AK Phytomedizin in Ackerbau und Grünland PG Schädlinge in Getreide und Mais ........................................................................... 65 PG Krankheiten an Getreide ............................................................................................... 68 AK Phytomedizin in Gartenbau und Forst PG Heil-, Duft- und Gewürzpflanzen ................................................................................. 72 PG Mikrobielle Symbiosen ................................................................................................. 77 AK Phytomedizin in den Tropen und Subtropen ...................................................................... 81 AK Populationsdynamik und Epidemiologie .......................................................................... 113 AK Viruskrankheiten der Pflanze ........................................................................................... 121 AK Vorratsschutz .................................................................................................................... 149 AK Wirbeltiere ........................................................................................................................ 158 AK Wirt-Parasit-Beziehungen ................................................................................................ 163 AK Biometrie und Versuchsmethodik .................................................................................... 180 iii PLANT PROTECTION AND PLANT HEALTH IN EUROPE 2011: Crop and sector-specific guidelines on integrated plant protection 19.-21.5. 2011, Berlin PRACTICING PLANT PATHOLOGY: RATIONALE AND ETHICS Srivastava M P1 1Haryana Agricultural University, F-44 Tulip Garden, Sushant Lok-II, Gurgaon-122011, India Contact: [email protected] Widespread occurrence of plant diseases worldwide and the magnitude of losses caused by them have necessitated the need of plant pathology practitioners to assist the growers in mitigating unprecedented losses in crop productivity. Though diagnostic and advisory services are available in several countries yet many growers prefer to avail such services if plant pathology practitioners are in their vicinity and would not mind paying the consultation fee if their problem is promptly attended. The experience of growers has not been very encouraging in getting timely diagnosis and advisory support from government owned plant clinics. While practicing plant pathology offers self employment to the professionals, their existence may be at stake if they fail to offer desired services to growers and may often may be in trouble due to wrong diagnosis and advisory. The professionals need to be conversant with symptomatology of various ailments and possess competence to suggest suitable prescription not laying sole reliance on pesticides but biological and other means too. They are also required to possess sound knowledge of fungicides, their availability in the region, doses, guidelines for preventing resistance development and compatibility with other pesticides. Even they have to be conversant with insect problem, chemical and environmental injury as sometimes plant diseases may get associated with such problems. The universities may consider devising specialized programs as is being followed in some US universities, or alternatively a sort term program on diagnostics and advisory. Professional societies of the concerned countries may register themselves as plant Pathology practitioners and their registration may be extended after expiry of the term through testing their knowledge WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT CROP ROTATIONS IN CURRENT ARABLE FARMING? Steinmann, Horst-Henning1 1Centre for Agriculture and the Environment, University of Goettingen, Goettingen Contact: [email protected] The EU directive 2009/128/EG was launched to establish a “Framework for Community Action to achieve the Sustainable Use of Pesticides”. According to this directive crop rotation is a crucial issue in achieving aims of integrated plant protection in arable farming. In annex III, crop rotations are mentioned on a first place, underlining fundamental importance. Obviously, crop rotations are various in space and time and regional conditions often require specific rotations. However, statistical data shows an overall trend to simplify rotations over time, since many crops are decreasing in abundance whereas some crops are increasing in their area. During the last ten years maize, winter-wheat, and oilseed rape had a strong increase in their land share. 1 Knowledge on real rotations is limited due to lack of systematic studies. Also recent land use changes due to market prices and policy incentives hamper analyses. Here, in a recent study an attempt was undertaken, to visualise crop rotation patterns in Northern Germany. ENTOMOPATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS AND THEIR SYNERGISTS AS ALTERNATIVE OF CHEMICAL INSECTICIDES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE POPULATIONS Kryukov Vadim1, Dubovskiy Ivan1, Yaroslavtseva Olga1, Surina Elena2, Benkovskaya Galina2, Polovinka Marina3, Salakhutdinov Nariman3, Glupov Viktor1 1Institute of Systematic and Ecology of Animals SB RAS , Frunze Street 11, Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia 2Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics USC RAS, Pr., Oktyabrya, 71, Ufa, 450054, Russia 3Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, pr. Akademika Lavrenteva 9, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia Contact: [email protected] The new laws were adopted that restrict the use of certain pesticides in the EU. This means that the need to develop alternative insect control strategies has become more urgent. Entomopathogens are an obvious choice, but crucial to their success will be the reassurance that insects will not rapidly evolve resistance mechanisms in the field and the preparations from the entomopathogens will have high biological activity. Some preparations against Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata was revealed on the basis of entomopathogenic fungi (isolates of Beauveria, Metarhizium), strains of the bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and certain chemical compounds. Particularly it was found, that sublethal doses of Bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis, chemical modifications of usnic asid, organophosphorus insecticides in doses 100-1000 times lower from recommended lead to significant increase of the susceptibility of the larvae to entomopathogenic fungi (Kryukov et al., 2009; Dubovskiy et al., 2010). Physiological and immunological parameters of the insects under combined treatment was studied and the reasons of synergistic action of microbial and insecticidal components was found (Dubovskiy et al., 2010; 2011). Experimental complex of preparations (Metarhizium anisopliae and Bt tenebrionis, Beauveria bassiana and modificated usnic asid) was highly efficient in the field experiments in West Siberia and Kazakhstan regions (80-90% mortality, no plant defoliation). The registration and production of these preparations can substantially reduce the application of chemical insecticides. EFFECT OF JASMONIC ACID APPLICATION ON ECONOMICALLY INSECT PESTS AND YIELD IN SPRING WHEAT El-Wakeil, Nabil1, Volkmar, Christa1 1Institute of Agric. & Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany Contact: [email protected] Field trials were conducted in spring wheat to observe effects of jasmonic acid (JA) on aphids, thrips and wheat blossom midge (WBM)). Two spring wheat varieties (Triso and Kadrilj) were sprayed twice at growth stages (GS) 49 and 61 with two concentrations of JA plus control. Wheat insects and associated natural enemies were surveyed by sweep net before and after JA treatments. Thrips & WBM were estimated by dissecting wheat ears in GS 2 65&73. Wheat midge larvae were monitored using white traps in treated and untreated plots. Wheat yield was also assessed in treated and control plots. There was a significant difference in the number of aphids and midges among treatments in both varieties. Plants in control plots had higher numbers of aphids, thrips and midges than in treated plots. There were more numerous of aphids, thrips and midges in the Triso than the Kadrilj variety. This study indicated that JA application enhances the wheat yield in treated plots compared to control plots. The results indicate
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