Zootaxa 4273 (1): 019–030 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2017 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4273.1.2 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:347F3413-9BB2-4891-BD26-F4642578AF69 New data on brown lacewing genus Krüger, 1922 from China (, ), with a key to Chinese species

YANG ZHAO1, YANLIN TIAN2& ZHIQI LIU2,3 1Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Hilly Area, No.6 Xianyin South Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210046, China 2Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China 3Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

A new species of the genus Wesmaelius is described from China: Wesmaelius dissectus sp. nov., which was found in Si- chuan province. Wesmaelius ravus (Withycombe, 1923) was recorded in China for the first time in Hubei province and Inner Mongolia. The Wesmaelius helanensis Tian & Liu, 2011 is redescribed, with the first discovery of female in China. Updated keys to the adult males and females of the Wesmaelius from China are also provided.

Key words: Hemerobiidae, , Wesmaelius, new species, new record, China

Introduction

The genus Wesmaelius Krüger was erected in 1922 based on the type species concinnus Stephens (1836). It belongs to the subfamily Hemerobiinae (Latreille, 1802) and is widely distributed in Asia, Africa, Europe and North America. The genus Wesmaelius has a diversity species in the temperate regions of North America and Eurasia (Yang 1980; Oswald 1993; Tian & Liu 2011). Tjeder (1936) described the first Wesmaelius species from China named Boriomyia sinica which was later synonymized with W. quettanus (Navás, 1930), based on only one male specimen from Gansu province, and found the species W. sufuensis from Xinjiang province in 1968. There was a somewhat controversy about the state of genus Wesmaelius. Tjeder regarded the genus Kimminsia Killington, 1937 as a subgenus of Wesmaelius in 1961. However, according to the characteristics of wings and genitalia, Yang (1980) proposed Wesmaelius and Kimminsia were two valid, but closed related genera. Wesmaelius was diagnosed by the forewing characteristics, i.e., the crossvein between ORB1 and ORB2 is present and the crossvein r is present distal to the origin of ORB1 in the hind wing, while in the genus Kimminsia this crossvein in the forewing is absent and the crossvein r is present at the base of ORB1 in the hind wing. In recent years, works treating Nearctic and Palearctic Wesmaelius generally follow Aspöck et al. (1980) in recognizing two subgenera, Wesmaelius and Kimminsia. Klimaszewski and Kevan (1987) distinguished the two subgenera by the different shapes of forewing and male ectoproct, the 2ir crossvein in forewing present or not and the length of gonapophyses laterales in female. Oswald (1993) regarded the polarities of the characteristics, forewing and male ectoproct shapes, as unresolved, and not adequate to demonstrate the holophyly of either group; by outgroup comparison to other genera of Hemerobiidae, the states of other characteristics above in Wesmaelius were clearly derived and the plesiomorphic state in Kimminsia cannot justify its holophyly. Therefore, neither subgenus was recognized there. After examining the specimens from China we also propose there is no subgenus and they all belong to the genus Wesmaelius. Presently, about sixty-five species are recorded in the world (Tjeder 1961; Kuwayama 1962; Aspöck et al. 1980; Yang 1980; Makarkin 1986, 1996; Klimaszewski & Kevan 1987; Tian & Liu 2011), with seventeen species recorded from China, including one new species in this paper. Wesmaelius is diagnosed by the forewing characteristics as crossvein 2sc-r absent; anterior radial trace bearing

Accepted by B. Price: 6 Apr. 2017; published: 1 Jun. 2017 19 3 or more Rs branches; proximal humeral trace strongly recurrent; crossvein 2r-m present and positioned adjacent or distal to crossvein 2m-cu. In hind wing, outer gradate series with 3 or more intraradial crossveins. Wesmaelius can be distinguished from the similar and largely sympatric genus Hemerobius by the presence of forewing crossvein 2r-m in its normal position adjacent or distal to crossvein 2m-cu, the presence of a pecten on the mesal process of the male ectoproct, and the male parabaculum never completely divided (Oswald 1993). In this paper, one new species W. dissectus sp. nov., is described from China. The new record species W. ravus (Withycombe, 1923) is reported with detailed description and the distribution in China. And the female of W. helanensis Tian & Liu, 2011 with new distributions is described for the first time, with keys for identification of adults of Chinese known species. All specimens are deposited in the Entomological Museum of China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing.

Material and methods

The specimens were examined under an SZ760 stereomicroscope. Photographs of wings were taken with a Nikon EOS D3200 digital camera attached to the stereomicroscope. The terminalia were observed under a Leica DM2500 compound microscope. Descriptions of coloration are based on observations under the stereomicroscope with direct light on specimens preserved in 75% ethyl alcohol. The abdominal apex with genitalia was cut off and heated in 10% sodium hydroxide for about 10–20 min and then transferred to an excavated slide with glycerin. After examination it was transferred to fresh 75% ethyl alcohol and stored in a microvial. Wing venation terminology follows Oswald (1993) and Makarkin & Wedmann (2009). Terminology of genitalia follows Oswald (1993). Abbreviations: 7S, 8S, 9S, sternite; 7T, 8T, 9T, tergite; Ect, ectoproct; ehgs, extrahemigonarcus; gl, gonapophyses laterales; hgs, hemigonarcus; igps, intragonopons; igs, intragonarcus; ihgs, intrahemigonarcus; med, mediuncus; pmed, paramediuncus; sap, supraapophyseal plate; sg, subgenitale; tl, terminal lobe.

Taxonomy

Keys to species of Wesmaelius from China

Male 1. The crossvein between ORB1 and ORB2 present in forewing; the crossvein r present after the origin of ORB1 in hind wing ...... W. asiaticus Yang - The crossvein between ORB1 and ORB2 absent in forewing; the crossvein r present before the origin of ORB1 in hind wing 2 2. Body yellowish-brown, no brown spots present in head and prothorax ...... W. navasi (Andréu) - Body yellowish-brown to dark brown, brown spots present in head or prothorax ...... 3 3. All the areas before antennae in head dark brown ...... 4 - Not all the areas before antennae in head dark brown ...... 8 4. 3 r-rs present in hind wing...... W. trivenulatus (Yang) - 1–2 r-rs present in hind wing...... 5 5. Three gradate series present in forewing...... W. hani (Yang) - Four gradate series present in forewing ...... 6 6. The anteroventral edge of ectoproct not developed into protrusion ...... W. nervosus (Fabricius) - The anteroventral edge of ectoproct developed into protrusion ...... 7 7. Scape and pedicel darker than flagellum; obvious brown stripe absent in forewing; 1 r-rs present in hind wing ...... W. ravus (Withycombe) - Scape and pedicel not darker than flagellum; obvious brown stripe present in forewing; 2 r-rs present in hind wing ...... W. baikalensis (Navás) 8. Three gradate series present in forewing...... W. conspurcatus (McLachlan in Fedtschenko) - Four gradate series present in forewing ...... 9 9. A V-shaped brown spot present in pronotum; cubitus gradate series transparent and unconspicuous in forewing ...... W. quettanus (Navás) - A V-shaped brown spot absent in pronotum; cubitus gradate series conspicuous in forewing ...... 10 10. Brown stripe present along the middle gradate series in forewing ...... 11 - Brown stripe absent along the middle gradate series in forewing...... 12 11. Brown stripe present along the cubitus gradate series in forewing; posteroventral edge of 8th sternite declining and include the

20 · Zootaxa 4273 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press ZHAO ET AL. spiraculae...... W. bihamitus (Yang) - Brown stripe absent along the cubitus gradate series in forewing; posteroventral edge of 8th sternite declining but not include the spiraculae...... W. sufuensis Tjeder 12. Only frons in head dark brown; anteroventral edge of ectoproct long, intersected and ended with sharp hook ...... W. helanensis Tian & Liu - All the areas before antennae dark brown except the clypeus; anteroventral edge of ectoproct short, not intersected and ended flat ...... W. dissectus sp. nov.

Female 1. The crossvein between ORB1 and ORB2 present in forewing; the crossvein r present after the first fork of ORB1 in hind wing ...... W. asiaticus Yang - The crossvein between ORB1 and ORB2 absent in forewing; the crossvein r present before the first fork of ORB1 in hind wing ...... 2 2. Body yellowish-brown, no brown spot present in head and prothorax ...... 3 - Body yellowish-brown to dark brown, brown spots present in head or prothorax...... 4 3. Brown longitudinal stripes present along both sides of pronotum; veins various colored with transparent intervals in forewing ...... W. tuofenganus (Yang) - Brown longitudinal stripes absent along both sides of pronotum; veins uniform colored in forewing . . . . . W. navasi (Andréu) 4. All the areas before antennae in head dark brown ...... 5 - Not all the areas before antennae in head dark brown ...... 10 5. 3 r-rs present in hind wing ...... W. trivenulatus (Yang) - 1–2 r-rs present in hind wing ...... 6 6. 1 r-rs present in hind wing ...... W. ravus (Withycombe) - 2 r-rs present in hind wing ...... 7 7. Three gradate series present in forewing ...... W. hani (Yang) - Four gradate series present in forewing ...... 8 8. The ectoproct oval and the gonapophyses posteriors large...... W. nervosus (Fabricius) - The ectoproct not oval and the gonapophyses posteriors small ...... 9 9. The region from Cu to hind margin darker in forewing; subgenitale strip-shaped, gonapophyses posteriors big and stilliform, exceed the apex of subgenitale ...... W. ulingensis (Yang) - The region from Cu to hind margin not darker in forewing; subgenitale clintheriform, gonapophyses posteriors small and trian- glar, not exceed the apex of subgenitale ...... W. baikalensis (Navás) 10. Three gradate series present in forewing ...... W. conspurcatus (McLachlan in Fedtschenko) - Four gradate series present in forewing ...... 11 11. A V-shaped brown spot present in pronotum ...... W. quettanus (Navás) - A V-shaped brown spot absent in pronotum ...... 12 12. Cubitus gradate series unconspicuous in forewing...... W. subnebulosus (Stephens) - Cubitus gradate series conspicuous in forewing...... 13 13. Brown stripe present along the middle gradate series in forewing...... W. bihamitus (Yang) - Brown stripe absent along the middle gradate series in forewing ...... 14 14. Only frons in head dark brown; brown stripe absent along the cubitus gradate series in forewing . . . W. helanensis Tian & Liu - All the areas before antennae dark brown except of the clypeus; brown stripe present along the cubitus gradate series in fore- wing...... W. dissectus sp. nov.

Wesmaelius dissectus sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 4–11)

Diagnosis. Head yellowish-brown with all the areas before the antennae dark brown except the clypeus; small brown spots present in the vertex and densely covered with long bristles. Forewing and hind wing oval with outer margin slightly pointed; forewing with sagittal stripes and sparse brown spots present along the Cu and 3m-cu. Male: anteroventral edge of ectoproct developed into stout arm, ended flat with small teeth covered the margin; terminal lobe of parabaculum separated from four fifth and supraapophyseal plate laterally splayed outwards. Measurements. Forewing length 8.3–9.5 mm, width 3.1–4.0 mm. Hind wing length 7.5–8.2 mm, width 2.6– 3.2 mm. Body length 5.2–6.0 mm. Description. Head. Yellowish-brown. All the areas before the antennae dark brown except the clypeus, small brown spots present in the vertex and densely covered with long bristles. Antennae amber, brown spot present in the ventral scape, with more than fifty segments. Eyes black with a metallic luster. Thorax. Yellowish-brown, with brown longitudinal stripes along both sides. Legs yellowish-brown, with a brown spot present at the apical tibiae.

NEW DATA ON GENUS WESMAELIUS KRÜGER, 1922 Zootaxa 4273 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press · 21 Wings (Fig. 1). Forewing oval, yellowish-brown, hyaline with sagittal stripes and sparse brown spots present along the Cu vein and 3m-cu. Veins brown with transparent intervals, except the crossveins of gradate series all brown. Anterior radial trace bearing 3 ORB’s; ORB3 forked into 4 branches, with 2 r–rs. M simple with 2 branches. CuA forked into 6 braches after the inner gradate series and CuP simple. Four gradate series, inner gradate series 3 crossveins; middle 7; outer 7 and cubitus 3. Hind wing oval, pale yellowish-brown, hyaline and immaculate. Veins brown and transparent, with Rs and M slightly lighter and Cu slightly darker. Rs with 4 branches, with 2 r–rs. M forked into 2 branches. CuA 5 branches and CuP simple. Two gradate series, inner gradate series 2 crossveins; and outer 7. Male terminalia (Fig. 4). 8th tergite trapezoidal, posteroventral edge declining and not include the spiraculae. 9th tergite rectangle from lateral view. Ectoproct developed with anteroventral edge developed into stout arm, bend inward but not intersected, ended flat with small teeth covered the margin. Mediuncus of gonarcus (Fig. 5–6) broadened basally, tapering distally and bend downwards; intrahemigonarcus ovoid and extrahemigonarcus subtriangular from dorsal view with paramediuncus triangular. Terminal lobe of parabaculum (Fig. 7–8) separated from four-fifths, bend inwards and tapering distally; supraapophyseal plate laterally splayed. Hypandrium internum (Fig. 9) approximate trapezoidal from ventral view with both sides slightly curled.

FIGURE 1. Wings. 1. W. dissectus sp. nov.

22 · Zootaxa 4273 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press ZHAO ET AL. FIGURES 4–11. W. dissectus sp. nov. 4. Male terminalia, lateral view; 5. Gonarcus, dorsal view; 6. Ditto, lateral view; 7. Parabaculum, lateral view; 8. Ditto, dorsal view; 9. Hypandrium internum, ventral view. 10. Female terminalia, lateral view; 11. Ditto, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

NEW DATA ON GENUS WESMAELIUS KRÜGER, 1922 Zootaxa 4273 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press · 23 Female terminalia (Fig. 10–11). Lateral of 9th tergite extended sidewards. gonapophyses laterales developed, hind margin obviously exceed the hind margin of ectoproct, approximate elongated from ventral view. Ectoproct ovoid. Subgenitale elongated into stripe, slightly expanded at both ends and contracted in the middle, gonapophyses posteriors consist of two lamella respectively, subtriangular and semi-circular from ventral view. Distribution. China (Sichuan) Material examined. CHINA: Holotype, 1♂, Sichuan province, Dujiangyan city, Qingchengshan town, Qingcheng Mountains. 1.v.1978, Fasheng Li (CAU). Paratypes, 2 ♂1 ♀, Sichuan province, Chengdu city, Dayi county. 3.v.1978, Fasheng Li (CAU). Etymology. The specific name refers to the special parabaculum, with the terminal lobe deeply forked, which separated from four-fifths. Remarks. This new species is different from other species by the special parabaculum with the terminal lobe separated from four-fifths. Although it is similar to the W. helanensis in forewing pattern, it can be easily distinguished by the color of head and the shape of anteroventral edge of ectoproct. This species is also similar to W. transsylvanicus and W. subnebulosus, it can be distinguished from W. subnebulosus by the conspicuous cubitus gradate series in forewing while in W. subnebulosus the cubitus gradate series is inconspicuous. As for W. transsylvanicus, the 8th tergite approximate trapezoid from lateral view, the hind margin of 9th sternite curved upwards and the anteroventral edge of ectoproct ended with obvious brush-like protrusion while in W. dissectus the posteroventral margin of 8th tergite extended downward obviously, the 9th sternite trapezoid from lateral view and the anteroventral edge of ectoproct developed into stout arm, ended flat with small teeth covered the margin.

Wesmaelius ravus (Withycombe, 1923) (Figs. 2, 12–19)

Boriomyia rava Withycombe, 1923: 202.

Diagnosis. This species is characterized by the yellowish-brown head with all the areas before the antennae dark brown; brown longitudinal stripe present in the middle of vertex. Forewing hyaline with no obvious spots and hind wing immaculate, with 1r-rs absent, only 2r-rs present. Male: anteroventral edge of ectoproct developed upwards as a strong arm; basal apophyseal lamella of parabaculum laterally splayed from dorsal view and supraapophyseal plate laterally splayed. Femal: subgenitale consist of a pair of rhombic lamella, which separate mutually. Measurements. Forewing length 7.2–7.6 mm, width 3.1–3.3 mm. Hind wing length 6.1–6.3 mm, width 2.7– 2.9 mm. Body length 5.7–7.2 mm. Description. Head. Yellowish-brown. All the areas before the antennae dark brown, a subtriangular brown spot present near the hind margin of antennal socket, brown longitudinal stripe present in the middle of vertex. Antennae amber, scape and pedicel brown, obviously darker than flagellum, with more than sixty-five segments. Eyes black with a metallic luster. Thorax. Yellowish-brown, with brown longitudinal stripes along the sides of pronotum and mesonotum, scutum of metanotum obviously brown. Legs yellowish-brown with no spots and last tarsi darker than others. Wings (Fig. 2). Forewing ovoid, yellowish-brown, hyaline with no obvious spots. Veins brown with transparent intervals, crossveins of gradate series all brown. Anterior radial trace bearing 3 ORB’s; ORB3 forked into 3–4 branches, with 2 r–rs. M simple with 2 branches. CuA forked into 5 braches after the inner gradate series and CuP simple. Four gradate series, inner gradate series 3 crossveins; middle 6; outer 6–8 and cubitus 3. Hind wing ovoid with outer margin slightly pointed, pale yellowish-brown, hyaline and immaculate. Veins pale yellowish-brown. Rs with 5 branches, 1r-rs absent, only 2r-rs present. M forked into 2 branches. CuA 5 branches and CuP simple. Two gradate series, inner gradate series 2 crossveins; and outer 7. Male terminalia (Fig. 12). 8th tergite rectangle, posteroventral edge declining and not include the spiraculae. 9th tergite partly fused with ectoproct, dorsal of hind margin slightly depressed forward. Ectoproct developed, extending backward; anteroventral edge developed upwards as a strong arm, with a blunt end, densely covered with small spines. Mediuncus of gonarcus (Fig. 13–14) strong, tapering distally; paramediuncus strong, curved inward from dorsal view, with apex slightly pointed. Parabaculum (Fig. 15–16) special, terminal lobe separated from half, tapering gradually and sparsely covered with small spines; base of apophyseal lamella laterally splayed

24 · Zootaxa 4273 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press ZHAO ET AL. from dorsal view; supraapophyseal plate laterally splayed, more than half length of the parabaculum, with a small upward hook in the end. Hypandrium internum (Fig. 17) approximate triangle from ventral view.

FIGURE 2. Wings. 2. W. ravus (Withycombe, 1923).

Female terminalia (Fig. 18–19). 9th tergite approximate "L" shaped from lateral view, lateral extended backwards. gonapophyses laterales developed, hind margin obviously exceed the hind margin of ectoproct. Ectoproct ovoid, middle of the hind margin slightly depressed. Subgenitale consist of a pair of rhombic lamella, which separate mutually. Distribution. Europe, Japan, Transbaikalian Russia and China (Hubei, Inner Mongolia) Material examined. CHINA: 3♂, Hubei province, Yichang city, Xingshan county, Longmen. 28.ix.1994, Chikun Yang (CAU). 1♀, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Alxa Left Banner, Helan Mountains. 31.vii.2010. Yanlin Tian (CAU). Remarks. This species was found in United Kingdom by Withycombe with two male specimens and Nakahara found female specimens from Japan in 1956. This is the first time for the species reported in China. This species seems related to W. mortoni based on the forewing; however, it can be distinguished from W. mortoni by the absence of the prominent dorsal tuft of hairs at the apex of abdomen and the more elongate and slender ectoproct with the turner inwards and upwards.

NEW DATA ON GENUS WESMAELIUS KRÜGER, 1922 Zootaxa 4273 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press · 25 FIGURES 12–19. W. ravus (Withycombe, 1923). 12. Male terminalia, lateral view; 13. Gonarcus, lateral view; 14. Ditto, dorsal view; 15. Parabaculum, lateral view; 16. Ditto, dorsal view; 17. Hypandrium internum, ventral view. 18. Female terminalia, lateral view; 19. Ditto, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

Wesmaelius helanensis Tian & Liu, 2011 (Figs. 3, 20–25)

Wesmaelius helanensis Tian & Liu, 2011: 772.

Diagnosis. This species is characterized by the yellowish-brown head with only the frons before the antennae obviously dark brown. Brown longitudinal stripes along the sides present in the thorax and brown longitudinal thin

26 · Zootaxa 4273 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press ZHAO ET AL. stripe present in the middle of pronotum and mesonotum. Legs yellowish-brown, with brown spot present at the basal and apical tibiae. Male: posteroventral edge of 8th tergite declining and not include the spiraculae; terminal lobe of parabaculum separated from one fifth, expanded distally and rolled up, a transparent small hook present in the end. Female: ectoproct ovoid, posteroventral edge slightly pointed, middle of hind margin with an obvious projection. Measurements. Forewing length 7.4–8.4 mm, width 3.0–4.2 mm. Hind wing length 6.6–7.3 mm, width 2.2– 4.0 mm. Body length 4.8–6.4 mm. Description. Head. Yellowish-brown. Frons obviously dark brown, oval brown spot present in the middle of vertex. Antennae amber, ventral of scape brown, with more than fifty segments. Eyes big and black with a metallic luster. Thorax. Yellowish-brown, with obvious brown longitudinal stripes along the sides and brown longitudinal thin stripe present in the middle of pronotum and mesonotum. Legs yellowish-brown, with brown spot present at the basal and apical tibiae. Wings (Fig. 3). Forewing oval with outer margin slightly pointed, yellowish-brown, hyaline with uneven grey sagittal stripes and sparse pale brown spots in the margin. Veins yellowish-brown with transparent intervals. Anterior radial trace bearing 3 ORB’s; ORB3 forked into 2 branches, with 2 r–rs. M simple with 2 branches. CuA forked into 6 braches after the inner gradate series and CuP simple. Four gradate series, inner gradate series 3 crossveins; middle 5; outer 6 and cubitus 3. Hind wing oval with outer margin slightly pointed, pale yellowish- brown, hyaline and immaculate. Veins pale brown and transparent, with Cu slightly darker. Rs with 4 branches, with 2 r–rs. M forked into 2 branches. CuA 4 branches and CuP simple with 2 branches. Two gradate series, inner gradate series 2 crossveins; and outer 7.

FIGURE 3. Wings. 3. W. helanensis Tian & Liu, 2011.

Male terminalia (Fig. 20). 8th tergite trapezoidal, posteroventral edge declining and not include the spiraculae. 9th tergite rectangle from lateral view. Ectoproct subtriangular with anteroventral edge developed into slender arm, bend inwards and intersected, ended into a hook. Mediuncus of gonarcus (Fig. 21–22) broadened basally, tapering

NEW DATA ON GENUS WESMAELIUS KRÜGER, 1922 Zootaxa 4273 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press · 27 distally and slightly bend downwards; paramediuncus small, curved upwards as a hook. Terminal lobe of parabaculum (Fig. 23–24) separated from one fifth, expanded distally and rolled up, densely covered with small spines in the surface, ending in a small transparent hook; supraapophyseal plate wide, subtriangular from dorsal view. Hypandrium internum (Fig. 25) approximate triangle from ventral view, split in the central base.

FIGURES 20–27. W. helanensis Tian & Liu, 2011. 20. Male terminalia, lateral view; 21. Gonarcus, lateral view; 22. Ditto, dorsal view; 23. Parabaculum, dorsal view; 24. Ditto, lateral view; 25. Hypandrium internum, ventral view. 26. Female terminalia, lateral view; 27. Ditto, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

28 · Zootaxa 4273 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press ZHAO ET AL. Female terminalia (Fig. 26–27). Lateral of 9th tergite extended sidewards. gonapophyses laterales developed, hind margin obviously exceed the hind margin of ectoproct, approximate long oval from ventral view. Ectoproct ovoid, posteroventral slightly pointed, middle of hind margin with an obvious projection. Subgenitale broadened basally, tapering distally with apex flat; gonapophyses posteriors distally pointed and exceed the apex of subgenitale. Distribution. China (Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Gansu) Material examined. CHINA: 1♂, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Alxa Left Banner, Helan Mountains. 29.vii.2010. Yanlin Tian (Holotype) (CAU); 1♂, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Alxa Left Banner, Helan Mountains. 6.viii.2010. Yanlin Tian (CAU); 1♂, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Alxa Left Banner, Helan Mountains. 9.viii.2010. Yanlin Tian (CAU); 1♀, Gansu province, Tianshui city, Qingshui county, Dalong forest. 4.viii.2013, Xinyu Luo (CAU); 1♀, Qinghai province, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Haibei, Menyuan Hui Autonomous County, Xianmi National Forest Park. 9.viii.2013, Xinyu Luo (CAU). Remarks. This species was described by Tian & Liu in 2011 only by the male specimens; in this paper we describe the female specimen and the new distributions in China for the first time. W. helanensis is similar to W. sufuensis, but obviously different in many characteristics, there is no brown stripe along the middle gradate series in forewing in W. helanensis, but they present in W. sufuensis; in W. helanensis the mediucus of gonarcus is slender and paramediuncus curved upwards as a hook while in W. sufuensis the mediucus is short and paramediuncus extend backward; the terminal lobe of parabaculum in W. helanensis expanded distally and rolled up, with a transparent small hook present in the end while in W. sufuensis the distal of terminal lobe extended in to a upward hook. W. helanensis is also similar to W. baikalensis, while considering the color of head, it can be easily distinguished, all the areas before antennae in head are dark brown in W. baikalensis, while in W. helanensis only the frons before the antennae are obviously dark brown.

Acknowledgements

We are very grateful to the relevant people for collecting the specimens. This research has been supported by the pre-research program of Nanjing Forest Police College (LGY201503), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 31272352) and the Foundation of the Ministry of Agriculture of China (Project No. 201103022).

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