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Fauna Europaea: Neuropterida (Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera)

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Fauna Europaea: Neuropterida (Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera) Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e4830 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.3.e4830 Data Paper Fauna Europaea: Neuropterida (Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera) Ulrike Aspöck‡§, Horst Aspöck , Agostino Letardi|, Yde de Jong ¶,# ‡ Natural History Museum Vienna, 2nd Zoological Department, Burgring 7, 1010, Vienna, Austria § Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical Parasitology, Medical University (MUW), Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090, Vienna, Austria | ENEA, Technical Unit for Sustainable Development and Agro-industrial innovation, Sustainable Management of Agricultural Ecosystems Laboratory, Rome, Italy ¶ University of Amsterdam - Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands # University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland Corresponding author: Ulrike Aspöck ([email protected]), Horst Aspöck (horst.aspoeck@meduni wien.ac.at), Agostino Letardi ([email protected]), Yde de Jong ([email protected]) Academic editor: Benjamin Price Received: 06 Mar 2015 | Accepted: 24 Mar 2015 | Published: 17 Apr 2015 Citation: Aspöck U, Aspöck H, Letardi A, de Jong Y (2015) Fauna Europaea: Neuropterida (Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera). Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e4830. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.3.e4830 Abstract Fauna Europaea provides a public web-service with an index of scientific names of all living European land and freshwater animals, their geographical distribution at country level (up to the Urals, excluding the Caucasus region), and some additional information. The Fauna Europaea project covers about 230,000 taxonomic names, including 130,000 accepted species and 14,000 accepted subspecies, which is much more than the originally projected number of 100,000 species. This represents a huge effort by more than 400 contributing specialists throughout Europe and is a unique (standard) reference suitable for many users in science, government, industry, nature conservation and education. For Neuropterida, data from three Insect orders (Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera), comprising 15 families and 397 species, are included. © Aspöck U et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. ' Aspöck U et al. Keywords Biodiversity Informatics, Fauna Europaea, Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera, Europe, Taxonomy, Taxonomic indexing Introduction In 1998 the European Commission published the European Community Biodiversity Strategy, providing a framework for development of Community policies and instruments in order to comply with the Convention on Biological Diversity. The Strategy recognises the current incomplete state of knowledge at all levels concerning biodiversity, which is a constraint on the successful implementation of the Convention. Fauna Europaea contributes to this Strategy by supporting one of the main themes: to identify and catalogue the components of European biodiversity into a database to serve as a basic tool for science and conservation policies. With regard to biodiversity in Europe, science and policies depend on knowledge of its components. The assessment of biodiversity, monitoring changes, sustainable exploitation of biodiversity, and much legislative work depend upon a validated overview of taxonomic biodiversity, in which Fauna Europaea plays a major role, providing a web-based information infrastructure with an index of scientific names (including important synonyms) of all living European land and freshwater animals, their geographical distribution at country level and some additional optional information. In this sense the Fauna Europaea database provides a unique reference for many user-groups such as scientists, governments, industries, conservation communities and educational programs. Fauna Europaea kicked-off in 2000 as an EC-FP5 four years project, delivering its first release in 2004 (Jong et al. 2014). After fourtheen years of steady progress, in order to improve the dissemination of the Fauna Europaea results and to increase the acknowledgement of the Fauna Europaea contributors, novel e-Publishing tools have been applied to prepare data papers of all major taxonomic groups (see below). Neuropterida is a fairly small group of Insecta, with about 6,500 described species, most of which live in arboreal habitats, but many species are eremial and several live in freshwater habitats. This paper includes a complete list of European taxa of the genus- and family- groups belonging to the Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, and Neuroptera. Recent research suggests that our current appreciation of species diversity of Neuropterida in Europe is still provisional: on the one hand, cryptic, unrecognised taxa are expected to emerge; on the other, the status of some taxa currently treated as one species deserves revisiting. Moreover, a small but constant number of species new for Europe is revealing, mostly on the geographic boundaries of European territory. Barcoding of European Neuropterida has just begun, one may assume that forthcoming barcode data may lead to various changes of the status of some taxa. Fauna Europaea: Neuropterida (Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera) . Until the middle of the 20th century the Neuropterida fauna of Europe was rather insufficiently known, and of large regions even largely unknown. The publication of a book on the Neuropterida of Europe (Aspöck et al. 1980) led to a considerable intensification of Neuropterida research in Europe (and adjacent regions) and to a steadily increasing number of publications. Twenty years later another comprehensive review (an annotated catalogue of the Neuropterida of the Western Palaearctic) appeared (Aspöck et al. 2001), which formed the basis for the first version of the catalogue of Neuropterida in Fauna Europaea. Data-papers & gap-analysis In order to improve the dissemination and citation of Fauna Europaea and to increase the acknowledgement of the Fauna Europaea contributors, a special Biodiversity Data Journal Series has been compiled using novel e-Publishing tools, called Contributions on Fauna Europaea, preparing data-papers of all major Fauna Europaea taxonomic groups. This work was initiated during the ViBRANT project and is further supported by the recently started EU BON project. This paper holds the first publication of the Fauna Europaea Neuropterida data sector as a BDJ data paper. In the EU BON project also further steps will be made on implementing Fauna Europaea as a basic tool and standard reference for biodiversity research in Europe and to evaluate the status of the European taxonomic expertise. The Fauna Europaea data-papers will contribute to a quality assessement on biodiversity data by providing estimates on gaps in taxonomic information and knowledge (see Table 1). Table 1. Taxonomic specialists per family in Neuropterida and their responsibilities. The actual numbers of databased species are given per family. For most families is also given an indication of the actual number of known/described species (showing a potential information gap) plus an estimate of the total number of existing species (i.e., described/known plus undescribed/undiscovered) for Europe. TAXONOMY EUROPE FAMILY SPECIALIST(S) DATABASED TOTAL DESCRIBED TOTAL ESTIMATED SPECIES (Fauna SPECIES SPECIES Europaea) (information-gap) (knowledge-gap) Ascalaphidae Profs Ulrike Aspöck & 18 20 ~20 Horst Aspöck and Dr Agostino Letardi Berothidae Profs Ulrike Aspöck & 2 2 ~2 Horst Aspöck and Dr Agostino Letardi Aspöck U et al. Chrysopidae Profs Ulrike Aspöck & 73 74 ~80 Horst Aspöck and Dr Agostino Letardi Coniopterygidae Profs Ulrike Aspöck & 59 • ~75 Horst Aspöck and Dr Agostino Letardi Dilaridae Profs Ulrike Aspöck & 10 • ~12 Horst Aspöck and Dr Agostino Letardi Hemerobiidae Profs Ulrike Aspöck & 61 62 ~70 Horst Aspöck and Dr Agostino Letardi Inocelliidae Profs Ulrike Aspöck & 7 7 ~7 Horst Aspöck and Dr Agostino Letardi Mantispidae Profs Ulrike Aspöck & 5 6 ~6 Horst Aspöck and Dr Agostino Letardi Myrmeleontidae Profs Ulrike Aspöck & 58 60 ~70 Horst Aspöck and Dr Agostino Letardi Nemopteridae Profs Ulrike Aspöck & 7 7 ~7 Horst Aspöck and Dr Agostino Letardi Nevrorthidae Profs Ulrike Aspöck & 3 4 • Horst Aspöck and Dr Agostino Letardi Osmylidae Profs Ulrike Aspöck & 3 3 ~3 Horst Aspöck and Dr Agostino Letardi Raphidiidae Profs Ulrike Aspöck & 74 76 ~80 Horst Aspöck and Dr Agostino Letardi Sialidae Profs Ulrike Aspöck & 10 6 ~8 Horst Aspöck and Dr Agostino Letardi Sisyridae Profs Ulrike Aspöck & 7 7 ~7 Horst Aspöck and Dr Agostino Letardi Fauna Europaea: Neuropterida (Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera) / General description Purpose: Fauna Europaea is a database of the scientific names and distribution (at national or -in same cases- regional level) of all living, currently known multicellular European land and fresh-water animal species assembled by a large network of experts, using advanced electronic tools for data collations and validation routines. An extended description of the Fauna Europaea project backgrounds, progress and functioning can be found in Jong et al. 2014. A basic outline is given in the sections below. Neuropterida is one of the 58 Fauna Europaea major taxonomic groups, covering 397 species (Fig. 1). The data were collated by a network of 3 specialists (Table 1). Figure 1. FaEu Neuropterida species per family. See Table 1 for family statistics. Addititional information: The Neuropterida, with about 6,500 described (and possibly
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