FALL 2016/SPRING 2017

5652 Sand Rd., Bellingham, WA 98226 | TEL 800-416-8640 | FAX 888-506-1236 | EMAIL [email protected] | WEB http://fourthcornernurseries.com

NATIVE OF NORTH AMERICA | WHOLESALE PRICE LIST

dug at dormancy and frozen for extended stor- What’s New at Fourth Corner Nurseries age. Camassia (Camas), Dodecatheon (Shooting Star), Echinacea (Cone Flower), and Symphyot- Here at Fourth Corner Nurseries we are al- Pricing: richum [Aster] species had high viability under ways looking for new challenges. We want to We have removed the sizes and pricing of our these conditions, as well as Sisyrinchium ida- give you, our customers, a broad selection of trees, shrubs, and conifers from the catalog. hoense (Western Blue-eyed Grass). These and healthy plants that work well for your projects. For up-to-date availability and pricing for bare other high-demand species will be available This year we are growing new species, trees and shrubs, and container plants, go through the winter, with species-appropriate adjusting the digging schedule for perennials to our website: http://fourthcornernurseries. storage techniques: freezing, refrigeration, or and utilizing new storage methods, and growing com. We will also email monthly updates. digging to order. some species in tubes, trays, and small pots. Plant Availability: Our catalog is full of information, and we want You may notice some changes in the months to ensure that our customers are able to access when certain bare root plants are available. that information. The availability is based on the optimum time • Page 2 has the Common Name Index, to dig each species with the best replant- divided by category of plant: Trees & Shrubs, ing success. We are only digging perennials Conifers, etc. to make it easier to find the type when they go dormant in fall, and before they of plant you need. emerge in spring, with larger volume species • Page 3 shows the Wetland Indicator Status available through the winter. Grasses, sedges, chart, Contact Information for staff at FCN, and rushes are available April through Novem- entries about Plant Availability, Ecoregions, ber, with a few exceptions. Before April many Custom Propagation Services, Plant Nomencla- of them have not emerged from the ground, ture, and additional information to assist you making digging and replanting success more when purchasing plants from us. difficult. • Page 4 starts our plant listings. The plants are listed by category, then alphabetically Storage of perennials and : by scientific name, Genus species (Common The majority of our perennials and bulbs will Name). be available during their ideal harvest windows: • Eating Native—Recipes From The Field is on fall and early spring for perennials and late Page 11. summer and fall for bulbs. Our 2015-16 freezing trials resulted in a subset of species that can be

I see the use of native plants in habitat restora- Camassia leichtlinii ssp. suksdorfii (Suksdorf's Great Camas) tion and home gardens continue to grow and evolve everywhere I visit. On recent Interna- tional Plant Propagators Society trips to the U.S. Gulf Coast and New Zealand, the use of native plant material from carefully-tracked seed collections was in great demand. We be- lieve this trend will continue, and even though we now have decades of experience honing our craft we also realize that the restoration methods and plants used today will very likely Greetings, continue to change in the years ahead. We ap- On behalf of all of us here at Fourth Corner preciate the practical experience and advice Nurseries I’d like to take this opportunity to we receive and always try to put it to good use. Camassia leichtlinii ssp. suksdorfii (Suksdorf's Great Camas) thank you for your support and friendship. This Our sincere wish is to continue to provide you Typical large-sized bulbs on the left, and small-sized bulbs past spring was the busiest bare-root ship- on the right with the highest quality plants possible and to ping season in our history. It’s also been a very (continued on page 10) be a resource for native plant information and productive and interesting year for us with innovation. Once again, we thank you and hope the introduction of a number of new perenni- you have a prosperous and productive year INSIDE THIS ISSUE: als and the purchase of an additional 10 acres, ahead. which now gives us just under 90 acres of field What's New at Fourth Corner Nurseries...... 1 and forest. Our propagation staff continues to Greetings from Todd Jones ...... 1 Warm regards, experiment with new plant offerings and prod- Common Name Index...... 2 ucts, including an expanded selection of cell- Contact Information...... 3 grown aquatic and broadleaf plants. Todd Jones, General Manager, Fourth Corner Nurseries Wetland Indicator Status...... 3 Reference Information...... 3 Trees & Shrubs...... 4 Conifers...... 8 Live Stakes...... 8 PRSRT STD Purchase Order Form...... 9 U.S. Postage "Eating Native –Recipes from the Field"...... 11 PAID Herbaceous Perennials...... 12 Lynden, WA Grasses, Rushes, Sedges...... 17 PERMIT NO 20 Aquatics...... 19 Bulbs...... 20 Common Name Index

TREES & SHRUBS HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS GRASSES, SEDGES, RUSHES

Alder 4 Alumroot 14 Arrowgrass 19 Ash 5 Anemone 12 Brome 17 Aspen 6 Arnica 12 Bulrush 17, 18, 19 Birch 4 Aster 15, 16 Cattail 19 Blackberry 6 Avens 13 Fescue 18 Buckbrush 4 Balsamroot 12 Horsetail 18 Buttonbush 4 Beach Pea 14 Mannagrass 18 Cascara 5 Beardtongue 15 Meadow Barley 18 Ceanothus 4 Beebalm 14 Oatgrass 17 Cherry 6 Bergamot 14 Oniongrass 18 Chokeberry 4 Biscuitroot 14 Rush 18 Choke Cherry 6 Blanket Flower 13 Saltgrass 17 Cinquefoil 5 Blazing Star 14 Sedge 17 Coffeeberry 5 Bleeding Heart 13 Spikerush 17 Cottonwood 5 Bluebells 14 Sweetgrass 18 Crabapple 5 Blue-eyed Grass 16 Threesquare 18 Cranberry 7 Boykinia 13 Tufted Hairgrass 17 Currant 6 Brookfoam 13 Wildrye 18 Dogwood 4, 5 Buttercup 15 Wool Grass 19 Elderberry 7 Checkerbloom 15 Gooseberry 6 Checkermallow 15 Hackberry 4 Cinquefoil 15 Hawthorn 5 Coltsfoot 15 Hazelnut 5 Columbine 12 Honeysuckle 5 Compassplant 16 Huckleberry 7 Cone Flower 13, 15 LIVE STAKES Indian Plum 5 Cow Parsnip 14 Maple 4 Devil's Club 14 Mock Orange 5 Echinacea 13 Live stakes are made to order, and are available for Mountain Balm 4 Eryngo 13 the following species. Please specify your desired Mountain Mahogany 4 Field Mint 14 length when placing your order. The caliper will New Jersey Tea 4 Fireweed 13 vary from 1/4" – 1"; we do not grade by caliper size. Ninebark 5 Fleabane 13 Live stakes have the highest success rate in our Oak 6 Fringecup 16 area when planted between October and March. Ocean Spray 5 Ginger 12 Oregon Box 5 Goatsbeard 12 Black Cottonwood 5 Oregon Grape 5 Goldenrod 15 Hooker Willow 6 Plum 6 Goose Tongue 15 Pacific Willow 7 Raspberry 6 Grasswidow 14 Red Twig Dogwood 5 Redbud 4 Grayfeather 14 Sitka Willow 7 Rose 6 Gumweed 13 Salal 5 Hedge-nettle 16 Salmonberry 6 Inside-out Flower 16 Sandcherry 6 Iris 14 Serviceberry 4 Ironweed 16 Snowberry 7 Joe Pye Weed 13 Soapberry 7 Lupine 14 Soapweed 7 Meadow-rue 16 Spice Bush 4 Milkweed 12 Spirea 7 Monkeyflower 14 Sumac 6 Mosquito Bills 13 AQUATICS Sweet Gale 5 Mugwort 12 Sweetshrub 4 Mule-ears 16 Thimbleberry 6 12, 20 Arrowhead 19 Twinberry 5 Oregon Sunshine 13 Buckbean 19 Viburnum 7 Oxeye 13 Bur-reed 19 Willow 6, 7 Pearly Everlasting 12 Cinquefoil 19 Witchhazel 5 Penstemon 15 Marshlock 19 Yucca 7 Piggyback-Plant 16 Pond-lily 19 Plantain 15 Skunk Cabbage 19 Prairie Smoke 13 Speedwell 19 Pussytoes 12 Veronica 19 Ragweed 12 Wapato 19 Rosemallow 14 Water Plantain 19 Sea Thrift 12 Sedum 15 Self Heal 15 Shooting Star 13 BULBS Silverweed 12 Snakeroot 12 CONIFERS Sneezeweed 13 Brodiaea 20 Sorrel 15 Camas 20 Spring Gold 14 Checker Lily 20 Cedar 8 Stonecrop 15 Fool’s Onion 20 Douglas Fir 8 Strawberry 13 Fritillary 20 Fir 8 Tickseed 13 Lily 20 Hemlock 8 Verbena 12 Onion 12, 20 Juniper 8 Violet 16 Ookow 20 Pine 8 Waterleaf 14 Rushlily 20 Redwood 8 Water Parsley 14 Triteleia 20 Spruce 8 Waterparsnip 15 Yampah 20 Woolly Sunflower 13 Wormwood 12 Yarrow 12 Youth on Age 16

2 for your information

Contact Information Grading Terms and Conditions We take care to grade and ship high-quality, healthy Prices in this list are for stock on hand; availability BARE-ROOT NATIVE PLANT SALES AND SHIPPING plants, true to name and count. Height grades are and price may change. Volume discounts are built Angie O'Hare, [email protected] measured from the soil line. Transplants are mostly into this pricing structure. Prices do not include Georgia Mitchell, [email protected] but not always branched and have more developed shipping. Non-credit customers or customers placing Shelley Weisberg, [email protected] Phone: (360) 592-2250 root systems than seedlings. If you require spe- contract growing orders must submit a 25% deposit. Fax: (888) 506-1236 cial grading regarding branching or root systems, The balance is due in full before shipping for all Address: 5652 Sand Road, Bellingham, WA 98226 or quantities other than our standard bundle size, non-credit customers. We accept Visa and Master please ask and we will do our best to meet your Card. A 25% restocking charge will be billed on can- CONTRACT GROWING & SEED needs for a small additional charge. celed or returned orders. Dylan Levy-Boyd, [email protected] Phone: (360) 592-2250 Fax: (888) 506-1236 Plant Availability Minimum order: Total order $100.00 minimum. Each species listing is accompanied by a graphic Plants are sold in multiples of 50. PROPAGATION displaying the months when that plant is generally Richard Haard, Ph.D., [email protected] available (indicated by green squares). A selection Shipping: Bare-root orders will be shipped UPS, Phone: (360) 592-2250 of grasses, sedges and rushes are now available Truck Freight or Delivered at cost, unless otherwise Fax: (888) 506-1236 specified. All other orders may be picked up by call- through the winter months for a slightly higher price, indicated by an additional color. Availability is ing a few days before you wish to pick up. Tree and ACCOUNTING & BILLING shrub orders held for shipping after April 1st must Allison Jones, [email protected] subject to change. Phone: (360) 592-2250 be prepaid and are subject to additional storage Fax: (888) 506-1236 Grasses, Sedges, and Rushes charges. Address: 5757 Sand Road, Bellingham, WA 98226 We harvest and ship these plants as quickly as pos- sible in order to ensure the highest rate of surviv- Claims: We take great care to provide quality, ability. Due to the highly perishable nature of these healthy nursery stock. However, we can give no Sales hours: plants, we can only harvest and ship orders that are guarantee, expressed or implied, as to productive- 8 AM-4 PM PST prepaid in full and confirmed in writing. ness or life span. Any stock received in unsatisfac- Monday through Friday tory condition must be reported immediately. Plant claims will be reviewed and credit issued where Toll free: 800-416-8640 Custom Propagation Services justified; at no time will we be responsible for more Fax: 888-506-1236 If you have a project requiring plant species not list- than the purchase price. We do not guarantee plant ed in this publication, plants propagated from seed survivability after leaving our care. provenances other than those listed, or very large quantities of plants in a particular size, we encour- Wetland Indicator Status age you to consider using our custom propagation A Note on Nomenclature This edition of the Fourth Corner Nurseries catalog services. We have extensive experience produc- Several species have recently experienced name reflects the changes encompassed in the 2016 Na- ing plants to meet special contract requirements. changes resulting from continuing research. We tional Wetland Plant List (NWPL) yearly update. It is During the past ten years we have successfully have listed plants by their current names, with important to note that our catalog lists the wetland completed growing contracts for the U.S. Forest previous or other commonly used names noted. indicator status for each plant in the Western Val- Service, Seattle City Light, Seattle Metro, and the Current names are from the PLANTS Database at leys, Mountains and Coast region, even if the plant Washington Departments of Transportation, and Fish http://plants.usda.gov. occurs in or is native to another region. If you are & Wildlife. Our experienced staff is always ready to installing plants outside of this region, please con- discuss your plant needs – for question about trees, sult the NWPL to confirm the status of your plant in shrubs, perennials, and seed contact Dylan Levy- Estimating and Planting the region in which it will be installed. Plants not Boyd, [email protected], for ques- listed on the NWPL for the Western Mountains, Val- tions about bulbs contact Richard Haard, richard@ Spacing Number per sq. ft. leys, and Coast region (indicated as NL in our cata- fourthcornernurseries.com. 6 inch ...... 4.000 per sq. ft. log) either do not occur in our region, or have not 8 inch ...... 2.250 per sq. ft. been tested in our region. Seed Sourcing at Fourth Corner Nurseries 12 inch ...... 1.000 per sq. ft. 15 inch ...... 0.640 per sq. ft. To see the full list, including the indicator status At Fourth Corner Nurseries all of our trees and 18 inch ...... 0.444 per sq. ft. of each plant across all ten regions, please visit: shrubs, and with a few exceptions, all of the grami- 24 inch ...... 0.250 per sq. ft. http://rsgisias.crrel.usace.army.mil/NWPL/ noids, bulbs and herbaceous perennials that we produce are propagated from seed. We take great 30 inch ...... 0.160 per sq. ft. 36 inch ...... 0.111 per sq. ft. OBL - Obligate Wetland pride and care in sustainably collecting the major- 48 inch ...... 0.062 per sq. ft. Almost always occurs in wetlands ity of the seed that we use from wild, genetically diverse populations. Fourth Corner Nurseries propa- 8 foot ...... 0.015 per sq. ft. 10 foot ...... 0.010 per sq. ft. FACW - Facultative Wetland gates multiple seed sources of the most common Usually occurs in wetlands, but may restoration species. Area Formulas occur in non-wetlands In this catalog available sources for each species are Circle ...... Diameter x 0.7854 FAC - Facultative listed according to the EPA Level III ecoregion from Triangle ...... Base x Height x 0.5 Occurs in wetlands and non-wetlands which the seed originates, two notable exceptions Rectangle ...... Length x Width being: 1) conifer species will be organized by the Metric Conversions FACU - Facultative Upland industry’s tree seed zone maps; and 2) species for Usually occurs in non-wetlands, but which the Level III ecoregion is unknown will be or- 10 cm ...... 3.9 in 50 cm ...... 19.7 in may occur in wetlands ganized by state. In the absence of species specific seed zones for native plants, Level III ecoregions 15 cm ...... 5.9 in 60 cm ...... 23.6 in 20 cm ...... 7.9 in 80 cm ...... 31.5 in UPL - Upland show promise as an approximate delimiter between 25 cm ...... 9.8 in 1.00 m ....3 ft, 3.4 in Almost never occurs in wetlands. populations under differing ecological conditions. If you prefer to use alternate seed zones, we are 30 cm ...... 11.8 in 2.00 m ... 6 ft, 6.7 in NL - Not Listed happy to work with you to determine if our specific These plants are not listed in the collection sites conform to your project guidelines. Western Valleys, Mountains and Coast Also, Fourth Corner Nurseries continues to provide region of the NWPL. contract growing options which allow for propaga- Unit Price tion of particularly collected seed. 50 100 500 1000 Citations Lichvar, R.W., M. Butterwick, N.C. Melvin, and W.N. Kirchner. 2014. The A unit is one plant. All pricing National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneu- To view a map of ecoregions in Washington State, or ron 2014-41: 1-42. is for individual plants based to link to maps of other regions, visit: https://www. on total quantity purchased per Lichvar, R.W. 2013. The National Wetland Plant List: 2013 wet¬land rat- epa.gov/eco-research/ecoregion-download-files- ings. Phytoneuron 2013-49: 1–241. Published 17 July 2013. ISSN 2153 733X species. Bare root plants are state-region-10#pane-45 National Wetland Plant List Fact Sheet [Internet]. 2012. US Army Corps available in bundles of 50 only. of Engineers [USACE];http://rsgisias.crrel.usace.army.mil/NWPL/doc/ proc_2012/National_Wetland_Plant_List_Fact_Sheet_May_2012.pdf [cited Aug 17, 2013]

3 Trees & Shrubs

Acer circinatum (Vine Maple) Amelanchier utahensis (Utah Serviceberry) Ceanothus cuneatus (Buckbrush) Small deciduous tree native to Pacific Northwest Forms a shrub or small tree 6-12' tall. Decidu- Evergreen shrub to 8' tall with white to pale blue flowers. forests. Red fall color, irregular growth habit with ous, blooms in May with clusters of white flowers. Extremely drought tolerant. Native in Oregon and California. multiple stems to 25-35'. Has excellent soil bind- Purplish-black fruits stay on the shrub longer than Provenance: 05-Sierra Nevada ing and erosion control capabilities. Tolerates sun or shade. A. alnifolia. Plants provide cover, nesting sites, and food for Closely related to Japanese maples. birds. Generally found on dry, rocky sites above 5,000' from Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Wyoming to Oregon and south to New Mexico and California. Provenance: UT Ceanothus sanguineus (Redstem Ceanothus)

Deciduous shrub to 9' tall, with red stems and white flow- ers. Difficult to grow in a container. Found on gravelly soil Acer glabrum v. douglasii (Douglas Maple) Aronia melanocarpa (Black Chokeberry) Non- in southern British Columbia to California, eastward to Mon- Small deciduous tree to 35'. Prefers drier sites, sun tana. or shade. Leaves are wine-red in fall, twigs and Native Provenance: 09-E.Cascade Slope/Foothills, 77-North Cascades buds red in winter. Has excellent soil binding, ero- Native shrub in eastern North America with white sion control capabilities. Grows from British Colum- flowers and dark purple fruits. Grows well in sunny bia and Alberta south to California and east to Montana and or partially shady moist sites. Our seed source not from Wyoming. North America. Ceanothus velutinus (Mountain Balm, Snowbrush Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 15-Northern Rockies, Provenance: Ukraine Ceanothus) 77-North Cascades This aromatic shrub, native to western North America, grows to 3-12' depending on conditions. An attractive, evergreen ornamental with fragrant white flowers. Prefers sunny or Betula occidentalis (Water Birch) partially shaded conditions, drought tolerant. Nitrogen-fixing Acer macrophyllum (Bigleaf Maple) Attractive small tree or large clump-forming shrub capabilities allow the species to thrive in nutrient-poor soils. Grand deciduous shade tree to 100' for large open to 30' tall with reddish-brown bark. Found along Difficult to grow in a container. Important host plant and spaces. Rapid growth quickly provides shade and streams and in moist forests, Alaska to Califor- nectar source for butterflies. large woody debris for stream banks. Flowers are nia, east of the Cascades. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 77-North Cascades an early nectar source. Bright yellow fall color. Has excellent Provenance: 10-Columbia Plateau soil binding, erosion control capabilities. Native from British Columbia to California. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley, Celtis occidentalis (Common Hackberry) 04-Cascades Betula papyrifera (Paper Birch) Deciduous, drought tolerant tree adaptable to wide ranging habitat conditions. Distinctive, warty bark Widespread across northwestern North America, and edible fruit. Grows from northeastern Canada this native deciduous tree grows to 100'. White to Dakotas and Oklahoma with scattered western popula- Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia (Mountain Alder, peeling bark in older plants and oval to round tions. Makes a good street tree. leaves with golden fall color make this an attractive orna- Provenance: ND Thinleaf Alder) mental or restoration species. Native nitrogen-fixing shrub or small tree to 35', Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland with attractive white bark. Prefers moist ground, most commonly found east of the Cephalanthus occidentalis (Common Button- Cascades; widespread across western North America. bush) Provenance: 10-Columbia Plateau Calycanthus floridus (Eastern Sweetshrub, Pin-cushion flowers on round deciduous shrub to Carolina Allspice) 12'. Attracts bees and butterflies. Requires moist to Southeastern deciduous shrub with fragrant reddish-brown wet soil, full sun to part shade. Eastern North America plus Alnus incana ssp. rugosa (Speckled Alder) flowers and persistent seed capsules. Suckering habit 6-10' Arizona and California. tall and wide; can handle most soils, full sun to part shade. Provenance: MO Spreading, fast-growing shrub or multi- Provenance: TN stemmed tree to 25'. Dark grey to reddish- brown bark with white lenticels. An attractive and useful bank stabilizer for moist areas. Found from Saskatchewan to Quebec across the northern Midwest. Cercis canadensis (Eastern Redbud) Provenance: Nova Scotia Calycanthus occidentalis (Western Sweetshrub) Pea family, multi-stemmed deciduous tree with Attractive California native shrub 6-12' with fra- pink blossoms. Grows 20-30'. Low maintenance, grant, deep red flowers May-August. Deer resistant, deer resistant; attracts butterflies. Eastern US, grows in sun to part shade, common in riparian southern Ontario and central Mexico. Alnus rubra (Red Alder) habitats. Provenance: Il Rapid-growing native deciduous tree to 80-100'. Provenance: 05-Sierra Nevada Nitrogen-fixing pioneer species on mineral soils, yellow fall color. Native from Alaska to California, Idaho, and Montana. Cercocarpus ledifolius (Curl-Leaf Mountain Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley Ceanothus americanus (New Jersey Tea) Mahogany) Showy flowering shrub native to mid-western and eastern Shrub or small tree to 30’ with time. Evergreen foliage ac- North America. The leaves were traditionally used for tea. cents white bark; drought-deciduous in extreme conditions.

Prefers sandy or rocky soils in full sun or partial shade. Most widely distributed Mountain Mahogany, native to inland Alnus viridis ssp. sinuata [A.sinuata, A.crispa] Provenance: IA northwest, south to California, Arizona, and Baja California. (Sitka Alder) Provenance: UT Native shrub or small tree to 20-25'. Nitrogen-fixer with good ornamental or urban buffer tree po- tential; tolerates wide variety of soil and light conditions. Ceanothus cordulatus (Whitethorn Ceanothus) Tolerates salt spray in shoreline plantings. Has excellent soil Evergreen shrub with fragrant white flowers, reaching 2-5' Cercocarpus montanus (Alderleaf Mountain binding, erosion control capabilities. tall. Prefers sunny, well-drained conditions and high eleva- Mahogany) Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland tions but can tolerate low light-levels. Native to southwest- Attractive slow growing shrub or small tree. Drought tol- ern Oregon, California, Nevada. erant, full sun. Pale yellow flowers in spring. The plants Provenance: 05-Sierra Nevada shimmer in summer and fall with feathery silver plumes of

seeds. Ranges from southern Oregon and California to Rocky Amelanchier alnifolia (Serviceberry) Mountains. Lovely shrub from 6-20' tall on moist to dry well- Provenance: UT drained sites. Showy white flowers, edible fruit. An important shrub for wildlife habitat. Tolerates salt spray in shoreline plantings. Has excellent soil binding, erosion control capabilities. Native across most of Cercocarpus montanus v. glaber [betuloides] northern North America. (Birchleaf Mountain Mahogany) Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 10-Columbia Plateau, UT Evergreen shrub or small tree, 6-20’ tall. Similar to C. mon- tanus in form. Nitrogen-fixing, good for wildlife. Native in coastal chaparral and pinelands, southwestern Oregon through California and inland to Arizona. Amelanchier arborea (Common Serviceberry) Provenance: 05-Sierra Nevada. Eastern North American species with tree habit up to 50' in moist to dry forests and meadows. Heavy flowering February to May and fruiting May to July. Ranges east of the Rockies from Quebec to Texas and northwestern Florida. Cornus amomum (Silky Dogwood) Provenance: NY Eastern dogwood with silky hairs on leaf undersides; prefers moist soil, shade-tolerant. Branches may root at nodes to form thickets. Blue berries attract birds. Native in northeast- ern US west to the Mississippi. Provenance: IA

Acer macrophyllum (Bigleaf Maple) 4 Trees & Shrubs

Cornus obliqua (Swamp Dogwood) Frangula [Rhamnus] rubra (Sierra Coffeeberry) Multi-stemmed deciduous shrub to 12'. Prefers wet condi- Deciduous shrub native to montane forests of Northern Cali- Mahonia [Berberis] repens (Creeping Oregon tions with high organic matter, but can grow in sand. Good fornia. Small black fruit in spring and yellow foliage in fall. Grape) wildlife shrub. Range from eastern Kansas to Ontario and Grows to 7' tall. Evergreen groundcover for sun or part shade, yellow flowers Quebec. Provenance: 05-Sierra Nevada early spring, 12-18" tall. Native from the Pacific states to the Provenance: WI Rockies. Provenance: 09-E. Cascade Slope/Foothills, 15-Northern Rockies Fraxinus latifolia (Oregon Ash) Cornus nuttallii (Pacific Dogwood) Northwest native deciduous tree to 60'. A true wet- Small tree to 40' tall with rich green leaves, gray- land tree with bright green, pinnately compound green beneath. White flowers in April or May, often leaves. Wildlife enjoy seeds. British Columbia south Malus [Pyrus] fusca (Pacific Crabapple) sporadic blooming in summer. Red to orange fruit through California, primarily west of Cascade Range. in fall. Difficult to establish due to disease susceptibility. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley Shrubby tree to 35' tall. Flowers and fruits are at- Provenance: 05-Sierra Nevada tractive and beneficial for many kinds of wildlife. Prefers moist to wet habitats, including near salt water and estuaries as well as freshwater locations. Native from Alaska Gaultheria shallon (Salal) and British Columbia south to northwestern California. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Cornus racemosa (Gray Dogwood) Broad-leaved evergreen shrub native to the west- An eastern dogwood for poorer, moist to semi-dry soils. ern coast states. Bears teardrop white flowers and Grows 10-15' and suckers from base; attracts birds and but- edible, blueberry-like fruit. Prefers at least partial terflies. Missouri north to Maine and Canada. shade, grows to 4'. Cloned from selected western Washington Myrica gale (Sweet Gale) Provenance: IA lowland plants. Available only in containers. Deciduous shrub 3-4' tall. Found along margins of Hamamelis virginiana (American Witchhazel) bogs, estuaries, and lakes across northern North America; leaves emit sweet scent when rubbed. Fall flowering deciduous shrub to 20'. Can form Coppices quickly after disturbance, waxy fruits eaten by Cornus sericea [stolonifera] (Redtwig Dogwood, dense clumps on dry, upland sites. Spidery yellow Red Osier Dogwood) birds in winter. Tolerates salt spray in shoreline plantings. flowers slightly fragrant. Leaves and bark well- Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Thicket-forming native shrub with dark red stems, white flow- known for medicinal uses. Distribution primarily east of the er clusters, white berries. Great wildlife and erosion-control Mississippi north to Ontario and Quebec. plant. Grows to 10-14' tall, often used as an ornamental. Na- Provenance: PA tive across most of North America. Our Puget Lowland strain Oemleria cerasiformis (Indian Plum) is disease resistant here. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley, 10-Co- Our earliest native spring bloomer, reaching 12-18' lumbia Plateau, 15-Northern Rockies, 77-North Cascades Holodiscus discolor (Ocean Spray) with white flowers and purple fruit. A bird favorite. This is one of our most attractive and beneficial Deciduous shrub to 8-15', with creamy white flow- native shrubs for landscape use. Coppices quickly after dis- ers in long clusters, orange fall color. Provides turbance, best in moist rich soil, sun to partial shade. Grows nectar for pollinators, larval food for many butter- west of the Cascades and Sierras, from British Columbia to Corylus cornuta v. californica (Beaked fly species, and seeds for birds. Prefers partial shade to full California. Hazelnut) sun and well-drained soil. Tolerates salt spray in shoreline Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Small tree or multistem shrub to 25' tall plantings. Native from British Columbia south to California in sun or shade. Excellent wildlife plant; and Arizona, east to Montana. nuts are food for birds and squirrels. Coppices Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley, quickly after disturbance. Native from British Colum- 77-North Cascades Paxistima myrsinites (Oregon Box) bia south through the coastal states to California. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 77-North Cascades Western native evergreen shrub reaching 2-3' tall. Attractive plant for sunny or partially shady sites Lonicera hispidula (Hairy Honeysuckle) with well-drained soil. Drought tolerant. Cloned from selected northwest Washington plants. Native to the West Coast native trailing, deciduous vine with western states. Available in containers. Crataegus douglasii [v. douglasii] (Douglas pink flowers and red fruits. Grows to 6’, sun to Hawthorn, Black Hawthorn) shade, drought tolerant. Hummingbirds like the Philadelphus lewisii (Mock Orange) flowers, other birds the red berries. Can climb, or use as An attractive, hardy native with fragrant, white flowers; at- Shrubby tree to 30' tall with large thorns, white groundcover. tracts butterflies. Prefers a sunny well-drained site. Grows to flowers in early spring, and black fruit. Excellent Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland wildlife plant; flowers attract butterflies and fruit 8-12' tall from British Columbia and Alberta south to Califor- attracts birds. Commonly found along streams throughout nia, Idaho, and Montana. most of northern North America. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley, Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley, Lonicera involucrata (Black Twinberry) 15-Northern Rockies 10-Columbia Plateau Deciduous shrub 6-14' in height. Yellow flow- ers and purplish-black fruit are great for wild- life. This shrub is fast growing and provides excellent erosion control. Prefers moist, open to partially please see Dasiphora [Potentilla] fruticosa (Shrubby Photinia melanocarpa (Black Chokeberry) shaded sites. Tolerates salt spray in shoreline plantings. Aronia melanocarpa Cinquefoil) Grows throughout the western states and across Canada. Yellow flowering, deciduous prostrate spreading Provenance: 01-Coast Range, 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willa- shrub to 4'. Tolerant of poor soil, drought, and mette Valley Physocarpus capitatus (Pacific Ninebark) herbivores. A great plant for challenging conditions. Circum- Tall shrub with attractive leaves and beauti- boreal distribution to US Southwest, upper Midwest, and ful creamy-white pom-pom flower clusters in Northeast. spring. Benefits wildlife with cover, nesting Provenance: 77-North Cascades sites, and food. Fibrous have excellent soil binding Note: Mahonia aquifolium often defoliates during transplant- qualities. Prefers moist ground in sun to partial shade; 15- ing, however, once new roots are established they will quickly 18'. Grows from Alaska south to California, and in Idaho. re-foliate. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley Frangula [Rhamnus] purshiana (Cascara Buck- thorn) Mahonia [Berberis] aquifolium (Tall Oregon Small tree with glossy green deciduous leaves, Grape) Physocarpus malvaceus (Mallow Ninebark) reaching 40'. Excellent ornamental potential. Pre- A Northwest native shrub with shiny evergreen fers moist soils in full sun to partial shade. Birds like the foliage, yellow flowers and dusty-blue ber- Native deciduous shrub of canyons, hillsides, and open for- black fruit, and beavers rarely bother this tree in stream ries. Prefers moist to dry well-drained soil in full sun ests from eastern Washington to western Montana, south to bank plantings. Grows from British Columbia south to Califor- to partial shade. Tolerates salt spray in shoreline plant- Utah. Rounded clusters of white flowers in late spring, grows nia, east through Idaho and Montana. ings. Grows to 3-7' in height, strongly rhizomatous. to 6'. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley, Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-WillametteValley, Provenance: 15-Northern Rockies 04-Cascades, 09-E. Cascade Slope/Foothills 77-North Cascades

Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Black Cottonwood) Mahonia [Berberis] nervosa (Cascade Oregon Western North American deciduous tree. Fast Grape) growing to 120'. Likes deep moist soils and full sun. Rhizomatous, evergreen shrub with yellow flowers Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley, 10-Co- in early spring followed by blue berries. Grows in lumbia Plateau dry to moist well-drained soil in partial to full shade. Native from Washington to California, and northern Idaho. Avail- able late November and December only or in containers. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 09-E. Cascade Slope/Foot- hills

Acer circinatum (Vine Maple)

5 Trees & Shrubs

Populus tremuloides (Quaking Aspen) Rhus typhina (Staghorn Sumac) Rosa pisocarpa (Peafruit Rose) North American native tree to 90'. White bark and Eastern North American native shrub or small tree to 24' tall, Western rose native from British Columbia to heart-shaped “quaking” leaves make it nice as a with down-covered stems, good fall color. Suckering habit. northern California with clusters of pink flowers small grove. Spreads by rhizomes. Provenance: PA and small red hips. Rhizomatous, grows 6-8', likes Provenance: 15-Northern Rockies moist habitats. Good for erosion control, wildlife, and barrier plantings. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley Prunus americana (American Plum) Ribes aureum (Golden Currant) Small tree to 25'; white flower clusters and edible Attractive deciduous shrub to 9’ tall, with fragrant fruit. Drought tolerant and somewhat thorny. Good yellow flowers and fruit that attracts birds. Found Rosa rugosa (Rugosa Rose) Non-native for birds. Scattered across much of North America; east of the Cascades in moist to dry sites, and Introduced shrubby rose with pink or white fra- absent in some western states. Most widely distributed na- across much of the United States. grant flowers and large red hips. Good for urban tive plum. Provenance: 10-Columbia Plateau, 13-Central Basin and plantings. Provenance: SD Range Provenance: Ukraine

Prunus emarginata (Bitter Cherry) Ribes cereum (Wax Currant) Rosa woodsii (Wood's Rose) Western North American shrub or small tree, Native deciduous shrub to 6' tall, with white to light pink Rhizomatous rose with pink flowers and clusters of reaching 45' in height. Common in moist forests, flowers and red fruit. Found east of the Cascades in dry red hips. Native east of the Cascades, and Sierras along streams, and in open areas. Bright red fruit is sunny locations. Also grows across much of the western in California, east to the Dakotas and Nebraska. wildlife food. United States and into British Columbia. Provenance: 10-Columbia Plateau, 15-Northern Rockies Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Provenance: 09-E. Cascade Slope/Foothills, 10-Columbia Plateau

Rubus leucodermis (Black Cap Raspberry) Prunus pensylvanica (Pin Cherry) Ribes divaricatum (Black Gooseberry) Western North American prickly shrub to 5’ tall, Shrub or small tree to 40'. Blooms with Heavily thorned small shrub from moist to wet with tasty black fruit. Not rhizomatous, but arching white clusters more compact than P. emar- habitats west of the mountains, Washington to branches will root at the tip to form new clumps. ginata. Bright red fruit July to August. Forms California. Black fruit is wildlife food. Good for Tolerates dry rocky soils, partial shade. thickets in moist soil. Grows across northern tier of hedgerow, wildlife, and barrier plantings. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 04-Cascades North America into upper Midwest and Northeast. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Provenance: PA

Rubus parviflorus (Thimbleberry) Prunus pumila v. besseyi (Western Sandcherry) Ribes sanguineum (Red Flowering Currant) Vigorous shrub to 5-8', rhizomatous, with good soil Shrub with showy pink-red flowers in the spring binding properties. A common plant with showy Deciduous, suckering shrub 4-6’ tall and wide. White flow- white flowers and edible red fruit, beneficial for ers in spring, cherry-like, edible dark purple fruit in sum- that attract hummingbirds, and dark blue berries. Prefers well-drained conditions in sun or partial wildlife. Tolerates salt spray in shoreline plantings. Prefers mer. Leathery grey-green leaves turn red and purple in moist to dry soil in sun or partial shade. Native across west- autumn. Native to Oregon, Utah, and the Rockies east shade. Grows 6-12'. Native west of the Cascades and Sierras from southern British Columbia to California. This ern North America, and from the Great Lakes to Hudson Bay. through the Midwest. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley Provenance: 18-Wyoming Basin. species may be difficult to grow in containers. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley

Rubus spectabilis (Salmonberry) Prunus virginiana v. melanocarpa (Black Choke Rosa blanda (Smooth Wild Rose) Native to the west coast of North America, this Cherry) Northeastern North American wild rose with shrub grows 6-10’, with reddish-purple flowers and Shrub or small tree to 20', native to western edible fruit. Flowers are an important early nectar North America. Black fruits are favored by birds. mostly smooth stems and pink flower clusters turn- ing to small red hips. Forms rhizomatous thickets source. Rhizomatous and thicket-forming in moist to wet Commonly found in moist sites east of the Cascades. conditions. Provenance: 03-Willamette Valley, 15-Northern Rockies 4-7' tall in edge habitats. Known to hybridize with R. woodsii and R. rugosa. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley Provenance: MN

Quercus garryana (Garry Oak) Rubus ursinus (Pacific Blackberry) Our coastal oak, native from British Columbia to Rosa gymnocarpa (Bald Hip Rose) Prickly vine, with long trailing stems root- California. A broad, gnarled deciduous tree to 80’ Western native rose with masses of pink flowers ing at the tip, white flowers, and tasty black tall. Acorns are wildlife food. Prefers good drain- and small red hips, nice in dry shade plantings. berries. Common along the coast and in age. Ours are root-pruned for transplant success. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland lowland clearings, from British Columbia to Califor- Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley nia, Idaho and Montana. Tolerates salt spray in shore- line and bluff plantings. Good for erosion control. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Rosa nutkana (Nootka Rose) Quercus montana (Chestnut Oak) Western native rose with showy pink flowers, and These trees grow on rocky ridges in the eastern United large, solitary hips. Strongly rhizomatous, will form States, generally 50-70’ tall, possibly taller in better soil. thickets 6-8' tall in dryish to moist habitats. Good Salix bebbiana (Bebb Willow) Heavily ridged dark grey-brown bark, with leaves that are for erosion control, wildlife, and barrier plantings. Tolerates Common willow in wet to dry sites. Shrubby, to 12' toothed along the margins instead of deeply lobed like most salt spray in shoreline plantings. tall. Native from the Cascades to the Rockies, and oaks. Leaves have yellow to rusty-orange autumn color. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland across the northern states to New England. Twigs and acorns are a good wildlife food; the acorns are 1- 1 Provenance: 10-Columbia Plateau ½” long, among the largest acorns in the US. Provenance: 57-Huron/Erie Lake Plains.

Salix exigua (Sandbar Willow) Rhamnus purshiana (Cascara Buckthorn) please see Western North American native willow commonly Frangula purshiana found on sandy steambanks and lakeshores. In Washington, only present east of the Cascades. Rhamnus rubra (Sierra Coffeeberry) please see Quick to form thickets and stabilize steambanks, can be ag- Frangula rubra gressive under some conditions. Grows to 20'. Provenance: 10-Columbia Plateau Rhus glabra (Smooth Sumac) North American native rhizomatous shrub to 15' tall, prefers sun and well-drained soil. Bright orange-red fall color, red berries are good wildlife food. Will spread to form a thicket, Salix geyeriana (Geyer Willow) control erosion. Western North American native willow to 15’ tall Provenance: 41-Canadian Rockies for wet habitats. Provides food for small birds and mammals, which eat buds, shoots, leaves, and catkins. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Rhus trilobata (Skunkbrush Sumac) Western native drought tolerant shrub to 6' tall. Small flower Lonicera involucrata (Black Twinberry) clusters lead to fuzzy orange fruits. Provenance: AZ, UT Salix hookeriana [piperi] (Hooker Willow) A coastal wet habitat willow with cottony leaves and stems. Has a shrubby growth form reaching 20' tall, and produces a good spring bloom. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley

6 Trees & Shrubs

Salix lasiolepis (Arroyo Willow) Shepherdia canadensis (Soapberry) Symphoricarpos oreophilus v. utahensis (Utah Snowberry) Shrubby willow to 30' with yellow to red-brown Native nitrogen-fixing shrub to 15' tall with russet branches. Grows near fresh or salt water in silt, leaves and stems, red berries. Prefers well-drained Deciduous shrub reaching 5' in height, with puffy white sand, gravel. Native to the Pacific Coast states and sites in sun or partial shade. Coastal strain is rela- fruits. Found in open sites east of the Cascades. inland, south to northern Mexico. tively fast-growing, tolerates salt spray. Interior strain is very Provenance: 10-Columbia Plateau Provenance: 03-Willamette Valley slow-growing. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 15-Northern Rockies

Vaccinium ovatum (Evergreen Huckleberry) Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Pacific Willow) West coast native evergreen shrub, densely bushy Shrubby tree to 40-60' tall with elongated leaves, Spiraea betulifolia (Shiny Leaf Spirea) to 6-8' tall, light pink flowers and blue berries. and yellow-green bark. Excellent soil binding and Low native shrub to 2-3' with beautiful ornamental Most common in semi-open woods, in soils high wildlife enhancing properties. Likes wet habitats. qualities, soft green foliage and white flower clus- in organic matter. A lovely shrub for ornamental plantings. Grows across North America. ters in early summer. Dry, sunny to partially shaded Has excellent soil binding, erosion control capabilities, toler- Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-WillametteValley conditions. Drought tolerant. ant of salt spray. Cloned from selected western Washington Provenance: 77-North Cascades lowland plants. Available in containers only. Vaccinium parvifolium (Red Huckleberry) Salix piperi (Hooker Willow) please see Salix hookeriana Deciduous huckleberry found in the understory of Spiraea densiflora (Subalpine Spirea) please see western forests. Prefers moist soil with plenty of Salix prolixa [rigida v. macrogemma] Spiraea splendens organic matter, fruits better with more sunshine. (Heartleaft Willow, MacKenzie's Willow) Cloned from selected northwestern Washington lowland plants. Available in containers only. Native shrubby willow to 25'; common along rivers Spiraea douglasii (Hardhack Spirea) in western North America. Deciduous shrub native to western North America, Viburnum ellipticum (Oval Leaved Viburnum) Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 10-Columbia Plateau grows 6-12' tall with showy pink flowers. Prefers Northwest native deciduous shrub to 12' tall, with white wet habitats, sea level to subalpine, spreading vig- flowers, black fruit, and reddish fall color. Found in dry, orously by rhizomes. Competes favorably with reed canary open woodlands in southern Washington to northern Cali- grass. Tolerates salt spray in shoreline plantings. fornia, but can tolerate moist sites with dappled shade. Salix rigida v. macrogemma (Heartleaft Willow, MacK- Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley Drought tolerant, good restoration plant for dry sites. enzie's Willow) please see Salix prolixa Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Salix scouleriana (Scouler's Willow) Fast-growing, multistemmed tree common on the Spiraea splendens [densiflora] (Subalpine Spirea) coast and inland in moist to dry conditions in grav- Low shrub to 3' tall with pink flowers. Likes moist conditions Viburnum opulus v. americanum (American elly soils, full sun to partial shade. Drought and salt in sun or partial shade. Native to the mountains in western Cranberrybush) spray tolerant. Grows 30-50' tall. Has excellent soil binding, North America. Native across Canada and northern tier of United States in erosion control capabilities. Rapidly colonizes burned areas. Provenance: 77-North Cascades moist to swampy habitats. Shrubby growth to 8-12' tall and Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-WillametteValley wide with white lacecap flowers in late spring, drooping clusters of cranberry-like fruits in the fall. Plants attract birds and butterflies. Symphoricarpos albus (Common Snowberry) Provenance: NY. Salix sessilifolia [fluviatilis] (Northwest Common deciduous shrub to 4-7’ tall with persis- Sandbar Willow) tent white fruit, which is an important winter food Native streambank willow with strong running source for birds. Spreading by rhizomes, this shrub roots. Excellent erosion control qualities. Grows to provides excellent erosion control and is tolerant of a wide Viburnum opulus v. opulus (European Cran- about 25' tall. range of conditions from wet to dry, full sun to mostly shady. berry Bush) Non-native Provenance: 03-Willamette Valley Tolerates salt spray in shoreline plantings. Native across most of North America. Naturalized in our area. Attractive fall foliage and Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley, red berries in winter. Prefers sunny aspect. Grows to 10'. 15-Northern Rockies, 77-North Cascades Salix sitchensis (Sitka Willow) Our most common shrubby willow, coast to moun- tains. Tolerates wide range of soil and moisture Symphoricarpos hesperius [mollis v. hesperius] Yucca glauca (Small Soapweed) conditions in full sun to partial shade. Excellent (Trailing Snowberry) erosion control qualities. Evergreen perennial with tough sword-shaped leaves and Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-WillametteValley Prostrate shrub with light pink flowers and white berries. Na- greenish-white flowers in tall clusters. Native from Montana tive in Pacific coast states and Idaho woodlands. south to Texas and New Mexico. Provenance: 04-Cascades Provenance: AZ, CO

Willows for Restoration All of our bare root willows (and live stakes, since most Symphoricarpos occidentalis (Western Snow- are harvested from seeded beds) are propagated directly berry) from seed collected yearly from wild populations. The ecological advantages of this approach (vs. stock derived Deciduous shrub found in moist places east of the purely from hardwood cuttings) are: 1) enhanced genetic Cascades. Small white berries often cling through variability bestowed by sexual recombination, and 2) winter to provide food for wildlife. Native east of the Cas- automatic inclusion of both males and females - ensuring cades in Washington, southern British Columbia to Utah and that the new planting will be self-sustaining. east to the Atlantic coast. Provenance: ND Willows can be variable in their morphology. We identify our stock carefully, but our Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra, for example, may look somewhat different than the plants in your area due to natural variation within the species.

Sambucus caerulea (Blue Elderberry) please see Sambucus nigra ssp. cerulea Sambucus nigra ssp. cerulea (Blue Elderberry) Northwest native shrub 15-20' tall, with showy white flower clusters that attract butterflies and hummingbirds. Blue fruit is wildlife food and can Philadelphus lewisii (Mock Orange) be made into jellies and wines. Prefers moist to dry soils in sun to partial shade. Fast-growing once established, provides some erosion control. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley, 15-Northern Rockies

Sambucus racemosa (Red Elderberry) Spiraea betulifolia (Shiny Leaf Spirea) One of the best shrubs for wildlife. A dense, pyra- midal shrub with clusters of creamy-white flowers that attract butterflies and hummingbirds. Red fruit is loved by many bird species. Vigorous, to 20'. Toler- ates salt spray in shoreline plantings, provides some erosion control. Native across most of North America. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley

7 CONIFERS

Abies amabilis (Pacific Silver Fir) Pinus contorta v. contorta (Shore Pine) Sequoia sempirvirens (Redwood) Tall forest tree, grows from southeastern Alaska to Two-needled pine with rounded stature to 40'. Large, fast-growing tree, generally grows to 70-90', although western British Columbia and south to northwest- Adaptable to many soil types, from moist areas can grow well over 100'. Attractive dark reddish bark and ern California. It ranges from sea level in the north around lakes and bogs west of the Cascades to soft green needles. Native to coastal strip from southwest- to above 3000’ in the Cascades, and above 7000’ in the well-drained or nutrient-poor locations. Tolerates salt spray ern Oregon to central California, however they do not toler- southern end of the range. The old common name for this along shorelines. Native from Alaska south to northern Cali- ate ocean winds and salt spray. Generally grow below 3000' tree--lovely fir (amabilis means lovely)--is quite fitting; the fornia. elevation. grey bark with horizontal resin blisters and dark green flat Seed Zone: 053.05 Seed zone: 095.05 (CA Tree Seed Zone Map) needles clothing the branches are very lovely. As the trees age the bark darkens and develops furrows. Seed zone: ABAM02.30 Pinus ponderosa (Ponderosa Pine) Thuja plicata (Western Red Cedar) Long-lived tree native to the western United A magnificent tree along the coast with droop- States. Grows 55-90' tall, drought tolerant, found in ing branches. Shade tolerant but not dependent. Abies grandis (Grand Fir) wide variety of soils, from fine textured to rocky, Grows to 80-200' tall in moist to wet soils. Native The most common true fir of the lowlands, with shallow to deep. The seeds are eaten by many birds, and the from southeastern Alaska to the northern coast of California. glossy, deep green needles, grand fir provides needles provide food for grouse. Seed Zone THPL01.10, THPL02.05, THPL02.10 important cover, nesting sites, and seeds for birds, Seed zone: PIPO05.25 squirrels, and other wildlife. Maximum height 200-250'. Na- tive from British Columbia south to California, Idaho, and Montana. Tsuga heterophylla (Western Hemlock) Seed Zone: ABGR08.15 Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas Fir) An important conifer in western forests, tolerant of Fast-growing, long-lived tree with densely set, soft sun or shade in well-drained soil. Recognized by its needles that are dark green to blue-green in color. graceful pendant branches and spire-like drooping Native to western North America. Grows to 70-250' crown. Grows to 200' tall. Picea sitchensis (Sitka Spruce) in height, preferably in deep, moist soil and full sun. Seed Zone: TSHE02.05 Seed Zone: PSME04.00, PSME07.10, PSME08.10 Lowland conifer reaching 120-200' tall, common in wet habitats. Fast growing, with dense root sys- tems for erosion control. Provides important wild- life habitat and shade for streams. Our plug stock was select- ed for best resistance to bud worm. Native from Alaska south 24 to California. Tolerates salt spray in shoreline plantings. Seed Zone: PISI02.05 Height Range 12-24"

18

Conifer Seed Zones Conifer seed zones are not listed by ecoregions; they are listed by forest seed zones, either the old seed zones (ie:051.10), or the new seed zones (ie:THPL02.10), de- pending on the information we had. To learn more about the new tree seed zones go to www.forestseedlingnet- work.com/resources/seed-zone-maps. Conifers come frozen, except the transplants (P-1), and can be planted frozen or thawed. Once the plugs thaw their shelf-life is shorter; they should be planted within 1 week.

P-1

LIVE STAKES

Live stakes come in bundles of 50, are made to order, and are available for the following species. Caliper will vary from 1/4" -1"; we cannot grade to caliper size. Please specify your desired length when you place your order. We can accommodate up to 5' lengths on most species. Live stakes have the highest success rate in our area when planted between October and March. Please call for price and availability.

Cornus sericea (Redtwig Dogwood, Red Osier Dogwood) Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Black Cottonwood) Salix hookeriana (Hooker Willow) Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra (Pacific Willow) Jay seeding the field. Salix sitchensis (Sitka Willow)

Rich collecting seed for emergent plants.

8 Native Plants Journal Edited by Stephen Love ISSN: 1522-8339, e-ISSN: 1548-4785, 3/year Native Plants Journal is a forum for dispersing practical infor- mation about planting and growing North American (Canada, Mexico, and U.S.) native plants for conservation, restoration, reforestation, landscaping, highway corridors, and related uses. Topics include seed germination, planting techniques and tools, equipment, cultural techniques, production trends, seed collection, genetics, and fertilization. The second issue of each year includes the Native Plants Materials Directory, which provides information about producers of native plant materials in the U.S. and Canada. Subscribers receive online access to all back issues; volumes one through five are open

npj.uwpress.org access and available at npj.uwpress.org.

The University of Wisconsin Press publishes related journals which may be of interest to you: Ecological Restoration, Land Economics, and Landscape Journal. Please visit uwpress.org to browse free sample issues of any of the journals.

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9 Aquatics: What’s New at Fourth Corner Nurseries We have a new section of aquatic plants in the (continued from page 1) catalog—it is our first experience growing them in large numbers and we are very excited with Perennials and Bulbs: the results. Our aquatic plants include Alisma triviale (Northern Water Plantain), Acorus americanus (Sweetflag), Comarum palustre [Po- tentilla palustris] (Purple Marshlock), Menyan- thes trifoliata (Buckbean), Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Rocky Mountain Pond-lily), Sagit- taria latifolia (Wapato, Broadleaf Arrowhead), and Veronica americana (American Speedwell).

Echinacea purpurea (Eastern Purple Cone Flower) Viola adunca (Prairie Violet)

Lilium pardalinum (Leopard Lily)

Allium acuminatum (Hooker’s Onion)

Allium acuminatum (Hooker’s Onion) — Triteleia [Brodiaea] hyacinthina Typical large and small sizes (Fool’s Onion)

Grasses, Sedges, Rushes: At any one time we have about 500,000 grami- Alisma triviale (Northern Water Plantain) noids in the ground that can be dug for your project, especially if there is some flexibil- ity with species. We sell them as bare root plants, not by height or root spread, which vary through the season. In spring all graminoids are just inches tall because they have just started growing, and by summer they can be 1-5' tall, depending on the species. Some species are sold as a rhizome with one shoot and one bud, and others as a clump of stems.

Juncus tenuis (Slender Rush) in the field

Menyanthes trifoliata (Buckbean)

Carex obnupta (Slough Sedge) — Scirpus microcarpus (Small Fruited Bulrush) — Typical individual plant on the Showing typical individual plants right, and bundle of 50 on the left Carex lyngbyei (Lyngby’s Sedge) in the field

Schoenoplectus acutus (Hardstem Bulrush) growing in the field Sagittaria latifolia (Wapato, Broadleaf Arrowhead) Schoenoplectus acutus (Hardstem Bulrush)—Showing shoot and buds on rhizomes

10 New Species: Container Sizing: We are expanding our selection of woody and Our plants are generally sold bare root, al- perennial plants to incorporate species na- though we grow some perennials, shrubs, and tive to the upper Midwest and eastern U.S. trees in 2", 4", or 1 gallon containers. We have Some of these new woody species are: Cepha- had good success growing plants in new sizes: lanthus occidentalis (Common Buttonbush), 10 cubic inch and 6.5 cubic inch tubes, 72-cell Cornus amomun (Silky Dogwood), Cornus obli- trays (3.6 cubic inch), 200-cell trays (1.2 cubic qua (Swamp Dogwood), Hamamelis virginiana inch), and 128-cell styroblocks (5.1 cubic inch). (American Witchhazel), Prunus americana (American Plum), and Rosa blanda (Smooth Wild Rose). New perennials include: several species of Symphyotrichum (Asters), Coreopsis lanceo- lata (Lanceleaf Tickseed), Hibiscus moscheutos (Crimsoneyed Rosemallow), and two Monarda (Spotted Beebalm and Wild Bergamot) species.

Monarda fistulosa (Wild Bergamot) Tube trays

Cephalanthus occidentalis (Common Rosa blanda (Smooth Wild Rose) Buttonbush) Monarda punctata (Spotted Beebalm)

6.5 cubic inch and 10 cubic inch tubes Wetland Sod: An exciting new project we are working on is growing wetland sod mats to be used in proj- Website: ects. We have used four species so far: Carex Lastly, we encourage you to look at our web- obnupta (Slough Sedge), Juncus effuses (Soft site, http://fourthcornernurseries.com. You will Rush), Schoenoplectus acutus (Hardstem Bul- discover a lot of information there, including rush), and Scirpus microcarpus (Small Fruited many photos of plants, articles on many topics, Bulrush), but anticipate the potential of using sections on finding the right plant by habitat, most of our graminoid species in this sod. Wet- designing a project, and current availability/ land sod is always done with a contract; please price lists. contact us if you are interested in using it for your projects. Wetland Sod — showing strong root development

Jenny harvesting Alaskan fireweed blossoms for salad.

Eating Native − Recipes from the field

Local Bellingham resident Jennifer Hahn, a writer, naturalist, and adventurous cook, has a wonderful book of recipes using native plants. It is called Pacific Feast: A Cook’s Guide to West Coast Foraging and Cuisine. She collected reci- Vaccinium parvifolium (Red Huckleberry) pes from well-known chefs up and down the 1 cup port wine or Gewurztraminer (sweet Freeze the berry-wine mix in a shallow glass Pacific Coast. This sorbet recipe is from a local wines work nicely) baking pan overnight. When it is frozen, you chef, Lynn Berman with Pastazza. And check 1 cup water should be able to cut the sorbet into chunks out Jenny’s website www.pacificfeast.com. 2/3 cup sugar with a sharp knife. Puree the frozen chunks in 8 cups huckleberries a food processor until smooth. This will break Huckleberry and Port Wine Sorbet In a small saucepan over medium heat, bring up the crystals and make a smoother sorbet. Here’s a deeply flavorful, soft, and gorgeous to a simmer wine, water, and sugar. Add huck- Refreeze for approximately 3-4 hours. Serve in burgundy sorbet made with wild huckleberries leberries and bring back to a simmer. Remove a chilled dish. and port wine. Try adding a sprig of fresh mint from heat and cool. Puree cooled mixture in a to the poaching liquid for a bright, fresh tone. food processor and strain through a fine mesh AUTHOR’S NOTE: The more sugar and/or wine Yield: 8 servings strainer. Follow the directions on your ice added, the softer the sorbet will be. Alcohol, cream maker for freezing. However, if you don’t honey, or sugar reduces ice crystals. have an ice cream maker, here’s an option: 11 Herbaceous perennials

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Abronia latifolia (Coastal Sand Verbena) Aquilegia coerulea (Rocky Mountain Colum- Asarum caudatum (Wild Ginger) Prostrate, succulent, mat-forming perennial with bright bine, Colorado Blue Columbine) Groundcover in moist shady areas redolent of ed- yellow flowers in round-topped clusters. Commonly found on Showy blue and white flowered perennial native to ible ginger. Curious maroon flowers hide under west coast beaches. Trailing stems to 3' long, grows 2-4" tall. the interior west. Found in moist, open to partially heart-shaped leaves. Rhizomatous, can form large Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland shaded sites. Grows 6-30" tall. mats. Grows from sea level to about 3000’, from southern Provenance: CO British Columbia south to northwestern California, Idaho, and Montana. Available only in containers. Bare-root seedling .90 .60 Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Bare-root seedling .90 .60 .45 Achillea millefolium (Common Yarrow) Asclepias fascicularis (Narrowleaf Milkweed) North American native perennial herb, to 1-3' tall. Aquilegia formosa (Western Columbine) Long, narrow leaves and large clusters of white to Soft fern-like foliage; white or pink flower clusters Western North American native perennial to 3' tall, pale lavender flowers in summer distinguish this attract butterflies. Rhizomatous and drought toler- with showy reddish-orange and yellow flowers. milkweed. Grows 2-4' tall. Native from southeast- ant nature make for effective as well as attractive erosion Found in moist, sunny to partially shaded sites. ern Washington south through California and adjacent Idaho, control. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-WillametteValley, 04-Cas- Nevada, and Utah, in open fields and meadows. More toler- Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland cades ant of clay soil and garden conditions than most milkweeds. Provenance: 05-Sierra Nevada

Bare-root seedling .70 .47 .35 Bare-root seedling .90 .60 .45 Bare-root seedling .90 .60 Ageratina altissima [Eupatorium rugosum] (White Argentina egedii [Potentilla anserina, P. pacifica] Snakeroot) (Pacific Silverweed) Asclepias speciosa (Showy Milkweed) Fragrant white flowers from late summer through the fall Circumboreal, low-growing perennial, strongly stoloniferous. Widespread across western North America in drier characterize this rhizomatous perennial. Grows 1-3' tall, part A quickly spreading groundcover with attractive yellow flow- habitats. Rhizomatous perennial with pink to red- sun to light shade, moist to slightly dry soil in woodlands, ers, and leaves with silvery undersides. Found along edges dish-purple flowers, grows to 4'. Found commonly shady meadows and slopes. Attractive to many insects, but of lakes and streams, wet meadows, and on sandy beaches. east of the Cascades in moist, loamy to sandy soil. Showy poisonous to mammals. Salt-tolerant for shoreline plantings. fragrant flowers attract butterflies and other pollinators. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Provenance: 05-SierraNevada, 10-Columbia Plateau Bare-root seedling .90 .60 Bare-root seedling .70 .47 .35 Bare-root seedling .80 .54 .40 (Nodding Onion) Small wild onion native across most of North Armeria maritima (Sea Thrift) Asclepias tuberosa (Butterfly Milkweed) America with nodding umbels of pink flowerets. Circumpolar plant of saltwater shorelines with Long-blooming prairie perennial with bright orange flowers in Grows 4-20" tall. tufted narrow leaves and globular pink flowers. flat-topped clusters, attracts butterflies, grows 1- 3'. Native Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Attracts native pollinators. Drought tolerant. The from the Southwest to the Great Lakes region and across the native species exhibits twisted leaves and flowering stems eastern U.S. to the Atlantic coast. Full sun, drought tolerant; distinctive from commercial varieties. Grows 6-12" tall. self-seeds once established. Bare-root seedling .80 .54 .42 Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Provenance: MN Please see our BULB section for more Allium species Bare-root seedling .80 .54 .40 Bare-root seedling .90 .60

Alisma triviale (Northern Water Plantain), please Arnica chamissonis (Leafy Arnica, Chamisso Aster curtus (Columbian Whitetop Aster) please see see AQUATICS. Arnica) Sericocarpus rigidus Native across Canada and the western United Ambrosia chamissonis (Silver Bur Ragweed) States, this herbaceous perennial has cheerful yel- low daisy flowers and topical medicinal value. Prefers moist Aster leave (Smooth Blue Aster) please see Symphyot- Native to coastal beaches from southeastern Alaska to south- richum laeve ern California. This large, sprawling perennial has deeply meadows. lobed, silver-woolly leaves and grows to about 3'. The plant is Provenance: CO sweet-smelling (‘ambrosia’ was, in Greek and Roman culture, Aster lateriflorum (Calico Aster) please see Symphyot- ‘food of the gods’). richum lateriflorum Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Bare-root seedling .90 .60 .45 Artemisia suksdorfii (Coastal Mugwort, Coastal Aster novae-angliae (New England Aster) please see Symphyotrichum novae-angliae Bare-root seedling .80 .54 .40 Wormwood) Perennial with clustered stems to 4' and leaves Aster subspicatus (Douglas Aster) please see Anaphalis margaritacea (Western Pearly Ever- green above and cottony white below. Pleasing Symphyotrichum subspicatumv. subspicatum lasting) sage scent when brushed. Common near the coast on bluffs, and on rocky, gravelly, or sandy beaches, from southern North American native perennial with attractive British Columbia to northwestern California. Balsamorhiza deltoidea (Deltoid Balsamroot) white flower clusters, woolly gray-green foliage. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Northwest perennial with basal leaves and large yellow Rhizomatous and drought tolerant, effective for erosion sunflower-like flowers. Prefers dry sunny habitats at low control, also a good butterfly plant. Grows 1-4' tall. elevations, from southern British Columbia to California. Provenance: 77-North Cascades Bare-root seedling .90 .60 .45 Transplants best in the fall. Grows 1-3' tall. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Aruncus dioicus (Goatsbeard) Bare-root seedling .70 .47 .35 Circumboreal, from southern British Columbia to Bare-root seedling .90 .60 Anemone multifida (Pacific Anemone) northern California, this 3-6' tall perennial has Wildflower native across much of North America in meadows, showy plumes of white flowers. Flowers in sun or Balsamorhiza sagittata (Arrowleaf Balsamroot) open forests, and rocky slopes, from low elevation up into shade. Grows in damp to wet rocky areas, stream banks, meadows, and forest openings, from low elevation up into Perennial with showy yellow sunflower-like flowers. Found the mountains. Creamy-yellow to pink cup-shaped flowers in dry grassy habitats east of the Cascades, and across the and cottony seed heads; historic medicinal use. Grows 4-24" the mountains. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland western states. Transplants best in the fall. Grows 1-2' tall. tall. Provenance: 09-E. Cascade Slope/Foothills Provenance: CO Bare-root seedling .80 .54 .40 Bare-root seedling .90 .60 Bare-root seedling .90 .60 Antennaria microphylla (Rosy Pussytoes) Mat-forming perennial with white-woolly leaves, and white to pink-tinged flower clusters on 2-12" stems. Does well in dry sites with full sun to partial shade. Provenance: 15-Northern Rockies

Bare-root seedling .90 .60 .45 Aquilegia canadensis (Eastern Red Columbine) Grows from the eastern edge of the Great Plains through the upper Midwest/Great Lakes region across to New England, in open woods, stream- banks, and rocky slopes. Red and yellow flowers in late spring, 2-3' tall. Prefers moist soil and light shade, but can grow in full sun. Attractive to hummingbirds.

Bare-root seedling .90 .60 .45

Anaphalis margaritacea (Western Pearly Everlasting)

Allium cernuum (Nodding Onion)

12 Herbaceous perennials

UNIT PRICE UNIT PRICE UNIT PRICE GRADE SIZE 50 100+ 200+ GRADE SIZE 50 100+ 200+ GRADE SIZE 50 100+ 200+ Boykinia occidentalis (Coastal Brookfoam) Erigeron philadelphicus (Philadelphia Fragaria virginiana ssp. platypetala (Virginia This streamside associate sports sprays of tiny Fleabane) Strawberry) white flowers borne on tall stems anchored in basal Widespread North American wildflower with small, Western North American groundcover with white foliage. Tolerates summer drought. Native from but numerous showy pink flowers. Prefers moist, flowers and edible berries. Found in forest open- southern British Columbia to California. Grows 1-2' tall. Po- sunny locations from the lowlands to the mountains. Not a ings and meadows. tential rain garden plant. long-lived plant, but will bloom prolifically and reseed itself Provenance: 77-North Cascades Provenance: 78-Klamath Mountains freely. Provenance: 04-Cascades Bare-root seedling .80 .54 .40 Bare-root seedling .90 .60 .45 Bare-root seedling .90 .60 .45 Gaillardia aristata (Blanket Flower) Chamerion [Epilobium] angustifolium (Fireweed) Showy yellow and orange sunflower-like flowers on 1-2' stems Widespread North American native perennial to 4-6' tall, Erigeron speciosus (Showy Fleabane, Aspen characterize this wildflower. Grows in sunny, moist to dry ar- with showy pink flowers, good for honey production and but- Fleabane) eas widespread across western and northern North America. terflies. Strong rhizomes provide excellent erosion control. Showy plant with large lavender daisy-like flowers from late Provenance: 09-E. Cascade Slope/Foothills Common in sunny, dry to moist disturbed areas. spring into the summer. Native of the Rockies, in sunny, dry Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland to moist woodland openings from foothills to mid-elevations in the mountains. Grows 1-3' tall. Bare-root seedling .90 .60 .45 Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Bare-root seedling .80 .54 .40 Geum macrophyllum (Largeleaf Avens, Yellow Avens) Coreopsis lanceolata (Lanceleaf Tickseed) Bare-root seedling .70 .47 .35 North American perennial with short rhizomes

Clump-forming perennial with short rhizomes and and cheerful yellow flowers, reaching 3' in height. Eriophyllum lanatum (Oregon Sunshine, Woolly Found in forests and open areas. Reseeds prolifically. 1-2" yellow flowers spring to mid-summer. Prefers Sunflower) sunny, well drained sites; does well in poor, rocky Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland sites with good drainage. Vigorously self seeds. Grows from Low, spreading woolly herb with bright yellow daisy-like Wisconsin and the Great Lakes region to Louisiana and across flowers that attract butterflies. Prefers dry, open habitats to the Atlantic coast with scattered populations from Wash- across the western states to southwestern British Columbia. Bare-root seedling .70 .47 .35 ington to California, New Mexico. Grows 4-20" tall. Provenance: OR Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-WillametteValley, 09-E. Geum triflorum (Prairie Smoke) Cascade Slope/Foothills Beautiful wildflower with a basal rosette of fern- like foliage, soft pink nodding flowers on 4-18" Bare-root seedling .90 .60 stems, and a puff of pink ‘smoke’ for a seed head. Bare-root seedling .80 .54 .40 Prefers sunny dry sites. Native to most of North America. Dicentra formosa (Western Bleeding Heart, Provenance: 10-Columbia Plateau Pacific Bleeding Heart) Eryngium yuccifolium (Button Eryngo) West Coast native herbaceous perennial with Greenish-white flowers crown this 4-5' tall perennial, once a strong rhizomes, fern-like leaves, showy reddish- component of tallgrass prairies. Full sun, drought tolerant, Bare-root seedling .90 .60 pink flowers. Likes moist, shady sites, from southern British can grow in shallow, rocky soil. Blooms summer to fall. Na- Columbia to central California. Grows 1-2' tall. tive to the eastern Great Plains across southern Great Lakes Grindelia integrifolia (Puget Sound Gumweed) Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Region to the southeast. Robust native perennial of Pacific coastal areas with showy yellow flowers, 3-4' tall. Late season bloomer, salt spray tolerant. Bare-root seedling .90 .60 Bare-root seedling .90 .60 Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Dodecatheon hendersonii (Broad-leaved Eupatorium purpureum (Sweetscented Joe Pye Weed) Shooting Star, Mosquito Bills) please see Eutrochium Bare-root seedling .70 .47 .35 Lovely wildflower with ovate leaves found in grassy meadows with well-drained soil, from southern British Columbia to Eupatorium rugosum (White Snakeroot) please see Helenium autumnale (Common Sneezeweed) California. Cyclamen-like flowers are a beautiful magenta. Agerantina altissima Bright yellow flowers on 3-5' stems late summer Grows 4-20" tall. to fall, in moist to wet soil habitats, full sun. Not Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland drought tolerant. Grows scattered across the U.S. Eutrochium [Eupatorium] purpureum with heaviest concentrations Great Lakes to the Atlantic (Sweetscented Joe Pye Weed) coast from Massachusetts to North Carolina. Bare-root seedling .90 .60 Vanilla-scented clusters of lavender-pink flowers atop 5-7' Provenance: MN plants are attractive to butterflies and other insects. Clump- Dodecatheon pulchellum (Darkthroat forming, grows in full sun to part shade, moist soil. Great Shooting Star) Lakes region south to Missouri and across to the eastern Bare-root seedling .90 .60 Easy to grow western native found from coastal states from North Carolina to New England. balds up into alpine meadows. Numerous magenta Heliopsis helianthoides (Sweet Smooth Oxeye) flowers, with backswept like little rockets, top a Grows from the southern Rockies up to the Great rosette of fleshy lance-shaped leaves. Prefers a moist to wet Bare-root seedling .90 .60 Lakes and across to the Atlantic coast, with scat- winter and spring followed by late summer drought, sunny or tered populations in the southeast. Bright orange- partially shaded sites. Fragaria chiloensis (Coastal Strawberry, Beach yellow flowers on 3-4’ plants, full sun to part shade, dry to Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Strawberry) moist habitats. Blooms from mid-summer into the fall. West Coast groundcover with shiny dark green Provenance: MN leaves, white flowers, and edible berries. Spreads Bare-root seedling .90 .60 vigorously by stolons. Common along the coast on beaches and rocky bluffs, from Alaska south to California. Thrives in Bare-root seedling .90 .60 Echinacea angustifolia (Narrow Leaved Cone sunny conditions. Drought tolerant. Flower) Provenance: 01-Coast Range Heracleum lanatum (Cow Parsnip) please see Herac- Prairie wildflower to 2-3' with showy pink-purple flowers. leum maximum Commonly used as a medicinal plant, also attracts butter- flies. Native from the Rocky Mountains eastward through the Bare-root seedling .80 .54 .40 Midwest and south to Texas. Provenance: ID Fragaria vesca ssp. bracteata (Woodland Strawberry) North American groundcover native to western Bare-root seedling .90 .60 .45 states. Strongly stoloniferous, with white flowers and small edible berries. Good for shady areas. Echinacea purpurea (Eastern Purple Cone Flower) Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland North American prairie wildflower with showy purple flowers on 2-3' stalks. Medicinal, good cut flower, also attracts but- terflies. Prefers full sun. Native from the Midwest to the East Bare-root seedling .80 .54 .40 Coast. Provenance: ID

Bare-root seedling .80 .54 .40 Equisetum hyemale (Rough Horsetail, Scouringrush Horsetail) please see GRASSES, SEDGES, RUSHES

Dodecatheon pulchellum (Darkthroat Shooting Star)

Mayra and Federico planting

13 Herbaceous perennials

UNIT PRICE UNIT PRICE UNIT PRICE GRADE SIZE 50 100+ 200+ GRADE SIZE 50 100+ 200+ GRADE SIZE 50 100+ 200+

Heracleum maximum [lanatum] (Cow Parsnip) Iris tenax (Oregon Iris, Tough-leaved Iris) Lupinus polyphyllus (Bigleaf Lupine) North American native perennial with large, lobed Showy western native iris with blue to purple flowers on 1' Tall lupine to 4' tall with spikes of showy blue flow- leaves and striking 6' stems topped with large tall stems, found in sunny locations. Native from southern ers. Fixes nitrogen to enhance poor soils. Wide- umbels. Attracts beneficial insects and many insect-eating Washington to northern California. spread across the western and northeastern United bird species. Named after Hercules from the Greek because Provenance: 01-Coast Range, 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willa- States. of its large size. metteValley Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Bare-root seedling .80 .54 Bare-root seedling .80 .54 .40 Bare-root seedling .90 .60 .45 Lathyrus japonicus v. maritimus (Beach Pea) Lysichiton americanus (Skunk Cabbage) please see Heuchera chlorantha (Tall Alumroot) Perennial with trailing stems up to 4' and reddish- AQUATICS Basal leaves with creamy green flowers in dense purple flowers, found on sandy and gravelly elongated clusters. Grows 1-2' tall. Found on rocky b eache s of the Pacific Coa st and Great L ake s. Mentha arvensis (Field Mint) bluffs, stream banks, edges of forest, and mead- Provenance: 01-Coast Range, 02-Puget Lowland Rhizomatous plant in the mint family, grows 6-24" ows. Flowers for weeks, attracting many species of pollina- tall, and is strongly aromatic. Purple flowers are tors. Native west of the Cascade Crest from British Columbia good for butterflies, seeds eaten by wildlife. to Oregon. Bare-root seedling .90 .60 .45 Common in wet places, sun or partial shade, across North Provenance: 03-Willamette Valley America. Liatris spicata (Dense Blazing Star, Grayfeather) Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Eastern North American clump-forming perennial with grass- Bare-root seedling .90 .60 .45 like leaves. Red-purple spikes of tiny disk flowers bloom mid-summer. Prefers moist soils; 2-4' height. Scattered east Bare-root seedling .80 .54 .40 Heuchera cylindrica (Roundleaf Alumroot) of the Mississippi from Quebec to Florida. An alum root with evergreen heart-shaped leaves crowned Provenance: CT Mertensia platyphylla (Broadleaf Bluebells) by a bottle brush of numerous white cup-shaped flowers on Bell-shaped light blue wildflowers on 1-2' leafy stems. 4-14" stems. Drought tolerant. Native to the interior west. Spreads slowly by rhizomes. Stream banks and moist for- Provenance: ID Bare-root seedling .90 .60 est habitats, sun to part shade. Native to Washington and Oregon. Lomatium dissectum (Fern Leaved Biscuitroot) Provenance: 03-Willamette Valley Bare-root seedling .90 .60 .45 Western North American perennial 3-4' tall, with highly divided foliage and yellow or purple flowers. Found on sunny, Heuchera micrantha (Small Flowered Alumroot, dry, rocky slopes and meadows. Bare-root seedling .90 .60 .45 Crevice Alumroot) Provenance: 10-Columbia Plateau Evergreen foliage and numerous sprays of tiny white flowers Mimulus guttatus (Yellow Monkeyflower) on stems to 2' tall. Found along stream banks and in rock Showy wildflower native to western North America crevices from southern British Columbia to California, and Bare-root seedling .90 .60 .45 with red-spotted yellow flowers, found in moist Idaho. habitats and in dwarfed form on dry balds. A good Provenance: 77-North Cascades Lomatium nudicaule (Barestem Biscuitroot) butterfly and hummingbird plant. Can be short lived but will Perennial native to the western states for dry reseed freely. Grows 2-30" tall. Available only in containers. sunny habitats; has pale yellow umbellate flow- Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Bare-root seedling .90 .60 .45 ers in spring, and medicinal value. Grows 1-3' tall. Provenance: : 09-E. Cascade Slope/Foothills Monarda fistulosa (Wild Bergamot) Hibiscus moscheutos (Crimsoneyed Rosemallow) This pinkish-lavender flowered plant in the mint family is native across most of North America Cold hardy, perennial wetland plant with dinner Bare-root seedling .90 .60 .45 except the west coast and Florida. Rhizomatous, plate-sized, hollyhock-shaped flowers in white, clump-forming perennial, grows 2-3' tall, blooms June to pink, and red; 3-7’ tall. Upper Midwest to eastern Massachu- Lomatium utriculatum (Spring Gold) September. Full sun to part shade, dry to moist soil, attracts setts and down the Atlantic coast to the Gulf of Mexico. Deep green ferny basal foliage emerges in the fall in prepa- hummingbirds and butterflies. Long used as a medicinal ration for the bright lemony yellow flowers that begin a long plant by native peoples. blooming season in early spring. West side species found on Bare-root seedling .90 .60 lowland coastal balds. Grows 4-24" tall. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Bare-root seedling .90 .60 Hydrophyllum tenuipes (Pacific Waterleaf) Rhizamatous, spreading, for Monarda punctata (Spotted Beebalm) shady, moist sites that can dry out in late summer. Bare-root seedling .90 .60 .45 Lavender and yellow-spotted flowers in tiers like a Large, fuzzy leaves with sharp-pointed leaflets and multi-layer cake characterize this 1-2’ mint family clusters of lovely creamy flowers in mid to late spring add Lupinus latifolius (Broadleaf Lupine) plant. Grows on sandy soils in the prairie and coastal interest. Native from southern British Columbia to north- Common lupine growing 2-4' tall. Numerous stalks plains. Full to part sun, dry to moist soil, drought tolerant. western California. Grows 8-32" tall. of purplish-blue flowers with white to magenta Attracts butterflies. Native to eastern North America. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland patch inside. Moist woods and meadows. Grows from Washington to California, east to Utah and New Mexico. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Bare-root seedling .90 .60 Bare-root seedling .90 .60 .45 Oenanthe sarmentosa (Water Parsley) Iris chrysophylla (Yellowleaf Iris) Bare-root seedling .90 .60 .45 White flowered perennial with lax stems up to 3', Striking native iris; creamy white flowers with yellow stripe along stream sides and in shallow water wetlands. and maroon veining on 8" to 1' stems. Found in open wood- Creates important egg-laying habitat for amphib- lands in western Oregon and California. ians. Adds interest and wildlife value to ornamental ponds. Provenance: 78-Klamath Mountains Native from Alaska south to California, in and west of the Coast-Cascade Mountains. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Bare-root seedling .90 .60

Iris douglasiana (Douglas Iris) Bare-root seedling .80 .54 .40 Pale pink to purple flowers with yellow center stripe on ; 1-2' tall branched stems. Native in open grassy areas Olsynium [Sisyrinchium] douglasii (Douglas' in Oregon south to California. Grasswidow) Provenance: 01-Coast Range Early blooming member of the iris family with delicate pink blossoms often found in low elevation meadows in the Pacific Northwest, 6-12" tall. Bare-root seedling .90 .60 Provenance: 04-Cascades, 09-E. Cascade Slope/Foothills, 10-Columbia Plateau Iris missouriensis (Western Blue Flag Iris, Rocky Mountain Iris) Bare-root seedling 1.10 .90 White to blue flowers on 1-2' tall branched stems. Grows from sea level to high in the mountains. Iris tenax (Oregon Iris, Tough-leaved Iris) Oplopanax horridus (Devil's Club) Native to the western half of the United States. Provenance: 09-E. Cascade Slope/Foothills, CO Northwest deciduous shrubby perennial with up- right prickly stems to 9' tall. This member of the Ginseng family has large primordial-looking leaves, Bare-root seedling .90 .60 greenish-white flowers, and bright red berries in showy clus- ters in the fall. Prefers moist, partially shady to shady sites. Iris setosa (Alaska Wild Iris) Common Alaska south to Oregon, east to Montana. Available only in containers. Wild iris of northern latitudes with stout leaves and stems to Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland 2', dark blue flowers. Prefers a moist or wet sunny location. Provenance: Southeast Alaska

Bare-root seedling .80 .54

14 Herbaceous pernnials

UNIT PRICE UNIT PRICE UNIT PRICE GRADE SIZE 50 100+ 200+ GRADE SIZE 50 100+ 200+ GRADE SIZE 50 100+ 200+ Oxalis oregana (Woodland Sorrel, Redwood- Potentilla gracilis (Graceful Cinquefoil) Sidalcea hendersonii (Henderson’s Checker- Sorrel) Western North American wildflower with palmately bloom) This western version of the shamrock makes a good compound leaves and yellow flowers. Grows 1-2' Taprooted perennial that sends up spikes of min- low maintenance groundcover, 2-8" tall, with light tall. Found in moist meadows and clearings. iature pink hollyhock-like flowers. Found in wet pink flowers for shady sites. Native along the West Coast, Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland meadows and tidal marshes along the coast from Alaska to from southern British Columbia to northern California. Oregon. Grows 2-4' tall. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Bare-root seedling .70 .47 .35

Bare-root seedling .90 .60 .45 Potentilla pacifica (Pacific Silverweed) please see Bare-root seedlings .80 .54 .40 Argentina egedii Penstemon ovatus (Broadleaf Penstemon, Sidalcea malviflora ssp. virgata (Dwarf Check- Eggleaf Beardtongue) Prunella vulgaris (Self Heal) erbloom, Rose Checkermallow) Bright blue flowered penstemon with deep green, glossy North American low-growing perennial with short Clump-forming, taprooted perennial, stems trail- spade-shaped leaves. Ranges from woodland to sunny slopes, rhizomes and purple to pink flower spikes to 6”. ing and freely rooting. Spikes of pink flowers pro- British Columbia to Oregon. Medicinal value; low maintenance and spreading. vide forage for pollinators, including federally endangered Provenance: 04-Cascades, 09-E. Cascade Slope/Foothills Prefers moist sites, sun or shade. Fender’s blue butterfly. In prairies and meadows west of Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Cascades, from Oregon to California, and Thurston County. Species of concern in Washington. Bare-root seedling .80 .54 .40 Provenance: 03-Willamette Valley Bare-root seedling .80 .54 .40 Penstemon procerus (Small-flowered Penste- mon) Ranunculus occidentalis (Western Buttercup) Bare-root seedling .90 .60 Penstemon with dense whorls of lovely blue to Showy buttercup of lowland balds and Garry Oak purple flowers. Native across Canada and south Sisyrinchium californicum (Golden Blue-eyed meadows, from Alaska south to California and Grass) through California to Colorado from mid to high elevations Nevada. Grows 6-16" tall. Prefers moist soil; in the mountains. Prefers dry, sandy to gravelly soils. Grows spreading. Coastal wildflower with iris-like leaves in a slowly 4-12" tall. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland expanding clump and yellow flowers with six deli- Provenance: 09-E. Cascade Slope/Foothills cate petals, 6-12" tall. British Columbia to California. Likes early spring moisture, will spread by seed. Bare-root seedling .90 .60 Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Bare-root seedling .90 .60 .45 Rudbeckia occidentalis (Western Cone Flower) Penstemon serrulatus (Cascade Penstemon, Bare-root seedling .90 .60 .45 Serrulate Penstemon) Unusual perennial with flowers in a black cone that attracts birds when seeds are mature. Grows to Sisyrinchium douglasii (Douglas' Grasswidow) please Beautiful wildflower with showy deep blue to dark 2-6'. A medicinal plant native to the western states. purple flowers, on stems 8-28" tall. Prefers sun Available only in containers. see Olsynium or partial shade, moderate moisture. Native from southern Provenance: 77-North Cascades Alaska to northern Oregon, in and west of the Coast-Cascade Sisyrinchium idahoense (Western Blue-eyed Mountains to sea level. Sedum divergens (Spreading Stonecrop) Grass) Provenance: 04-Cascades Deep green compact leaves of this West coast spreading Wildflower with beautiful blue flowers and iris-like stonecrop are offset by bright sprays of yellow flowers that leaves, 6-12" tall, in a slowly expanding clump. Likes early spring moisture. Native to the western states and Bare-root seedling .80 .54 .40 attract butterflies. Provenance: 10-Columbia Plateau British Columbia. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Perideridia oregana (Oregon Yampah) please see BULBS Bare-root seedling .80 .54 .40 Petasites frigidus v. palmatus (Arctic Sweet Bare-root seedling .80 .54 .40 Coltsfoot) Sedum lanceolatum ssp. nesioticum (Spearleaf Sium suave (Hemlock Waterparsnip) Rhizomatous perennial 2-3' tall, with large pal- Stonecrop) mate leaves and white to pinkish flowers. Common Compact stonecrop with football-shaped leaves topped by North American native perennial with white carrot- in wet areas in low to mid elevation forests and openings bright yellow flowers in late spring. Common on rocky balds type flowers, common in low marshy ground and along the west coast, Great Lakes region, and north through along the coast. Native from southern British Columbia to shallow water. Adds interest and wildlife value to Canada. northern Washington and Whitman County. ornamental ponds. Grows 2-4' tall. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Bare-root seedling .90 .60 .45 Bare-root seedling .80 .54 .40 Bare-root seedling .80 .54 .40 Plantago maritima v. juncoides (Sea Plantain, Sedum oreganum (Oregon Stonecrop) Solidago canadensis (Canadian Goldenrod) Goose Tongue) Succulent creeping perennial found on coastal bluffs and North American native perennial with showy yellow Common West Coast perennial with fleshy linear rocky mountain slopes from Alaska south along the coast to flower spikes in late summer that attract butter- leaves, 2-10” stems, found on seashores and salt the northwest corner of California. Starry yellow flowers in flies and pollinators. Common in moist to dry areas. marshes. An important food source for waterfowl, also ed- spring and summer attract butterflies. Wide tolerance of soil conditions and rhizomatous roots ible for people. Also found along northeastern seaboard. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland make this a good choice for erosion control. Grows 2-5' tall. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Bare-root seedling .80 .54 .40 Bare-root seedling .80 .54 .40 Bare-root seedling .90 .60 .45 Sedum spathulifolium (Broadleaf Stonecrop) Sparganium emersum (Simplestem Bur-reed) please see Potentilla anserina (Pacific Silverweed) please see Bluish-green succulent foliage develops red highlights in the AQUATICS Argentina egedii winter and bright yellow flowers that attract butterflies in the late spring. Native from southern British Columbia to California. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Bare-root seedling .80 .54 .40 Sericocarpus rigidus [Aster curtus] (Columbian Whitetop Aster) White flowered aster of the Garry oak meadow community; blooms late July through September; threatened. Spreads by rhizomes in favorable conditions; gravelly to poorly drained clay or shallow soils, seasonally moist. British Columbia to Oregon. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Bare-root seedling .90 .60

Sidalcea campestris (Meadow Checkerbloom) Lathyrus japonicus v. maritimus (Beach Pea) Western Oregon and Puget Sound wildflower with beautiful white or light pink flowers. Found in open Oxalis oregana (Woodland Sorrel, Redwood-Sorrel) meadows and fields. Grows 2-6’ tall. Provenance: 03-Willamette Valley

Bare-root seedlings .90 .60 .45

15 Herbaceous perennials

UNIT PRICE UNIT PRICE UNIT PRICE GRADE SIZE 50 100+ 200+ GRADE SIZE 50 100+ 200+ GRADE SIZE 50 100+ 200+ Stachys chamissonis v. cooleyae [S. cooleyae] Thalictrum occidentale (Western Meadow-rue) Viola palustris (Marsh Violet) (Cooley’s Hedge-nettle) Western native with delicate columbine-like foliage Spreading lavender violet of wet marshy areas. Rhizomatous perennial 2-3' tall, with pink flowers that flutters in the lightest breeze. Male flowers Native across Canada and south through the west- in mid-summer that attract butterflies and hum- composed of numerous maroon filaments. Grows ern United States. Grows to 8" tall. mingbirds. Common in moist clearings from Alaska to coastal 1-3' tall. Available in containers only. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland California. Containerize for ornamental ponds. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Tolmiea menziesii (Youth on Age, Piggyback- Bare-root seedling .80 .54 .40 plant) Bare-root seedling .80 .54 .40 Northwest rhizomatous perennial to 2' tall, with Wyethia amplexicaulis (Mule-ears) small pinkish-brown flowers. Found in moist shady Shiny green basal leaves form expanding clumps Stachys cooleyae (Cooley’s Hedge-nettle) please see habitats. Spreads by little plantlets on the parent leaves. topped by clusters of yellow flowers. Found in Stachys chamissonis v. cooleyae Native from southern British Columbia to northern California. meadows, scrublands, and pine forests east of the Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Cascades from Washington to Nevada, east to Wyoming. Symphyotrichum [Aster] laeve (Smooth Blue Provenance: 09-E. Cascade Slope/Foothills Aster) Light blue to purple flowers, blooms August to Oc- Bare-root seedling .90 .60 .45 tober, 1-3' tall. Scattered across the U.S. with the Bare-root seedling .90 .60 heaviest concentration in the upper Midwest and Great Lakes Typha latifolia (Common Cattail) please see GRASSES, region. Often used in tallgrass prairie restoration, light shade SEDGES, RUSHES Wyethia angustifolia (California Compassplant) to full sun. Provides late-season nectar for butterflies. West Coast meadow wildflower with yellow, sun- Vancouveria hexandra (Inside-out Flower) flower-like flowers. Prefers dryish, sunny locations. Rhizomatous woodland perennial with delicate white flow- Native from southern Washington to central Califor- Bare-root seedling .90 .60 ers. Common in moist, shady forests in southwestern Wash- nia. Grows 1-2' tall. Drought tolerant. ington, Oregon, and northwestern coastal California. Grows Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Symphyotrichum [Aster] lateriflorum (Calico Aster) 12-18" tall. White flowers, blooms late summer into the fall, 1-3' tall. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Grows from the Great Lakes region to the Atlantic coast and Bare-root seedling .90 .60 down to the Gulf of Mexico. Part shade and moist soils, full sun only with wet conditions. Generally a woodland plant. Bare-root seedling .90 .60 Attracts many different insects. Perennial Availability Provenance: IA Veronica americana (American Speedwell) please see AQUATICS We want our customers to receive plants during the optimum season for transplant success. Bare-root seedling .90 .60 Vernonia noveboracensis (New York Ironweed) With noted exceptions, perennials are available late fall at the onset of dormancy and late winter before active Symphyotrichum [Aster] novae-angliae (New Fluffy clusters of purple flowers in late summer to regrowth. England Aster fall on 4-6' tall stems define this perennial. Native to the Atlantic coast from Massachusetts to Flor- Our hardiest and most in-demand species will be avail- Native across open woods, prairies, meadows in ida, and west to Tennessee, West Virginia, and Alabama. It able through the winter as well, with species-appropri- eastern North America with the heaviest concen- grows in full sun and moist to wet soil along streambanks and ate storage techniques: freezing, refrigeration, or dig- trations around the Great Lakes region to New England. low areas. Self-seeds freely, attracts butterflies. ging to order. Flower color ranges from rose to deep lavender to purple in Provenance: PA the late summer to fall, grows 3-6' tall. Full sun, moist soil, Please order by November 1 for winter perennial not shade tolerant. Fall nectar source for butterflies. orders to accommodate our digging and processing Provenance: OR Bare-root seedling .90 .60 schedule.

Bare-root seedling .90 .60 Viola adunca (Prairie Violet, Hookedspur Violet) Symphyotrichum subspicatum v. subspicatum Deep purple violet of low elevation prairies and [Aster subspicatus] (Douglas Aster) rocky coastal outcrops. Heart-shaped deep green leaves, grows to 4" tall. Widespread from southern Alaska West coast native aster of moist habitats, especial- across Canada, and the western states. ly estuaries. Grows 3-4' tall branching stems and Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland many purple flowers attract butterflies. Tolerates salt spray in shoreline plantings. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Bare-root seedling .80 .54 .40

Bare-root seedling .70 .47 .35

Tellima grandiflora (Fringecup) Northwest native rhizomatous perennial with small white flowers with fringed petals. Prefers partial shade, commonly found in moist woods and along streambanks. Grows 1-2' tall. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Bare-root seedling .90 .60 .45 Thalictrum fendleri v. polycarpum (Fendler’s Meadow-rue) A delicate-looking plant with purplish stems found in shady woods. Native from Oregon and California to Utah. Grows 1-2' tall. Available in containers only. Provenance: 03-Willamette Valley Sedum lanceolatum ssp. nesioticum (Spearleaf Stonecrop)

Sidalcea hendersonii (Henderson’s Checkerbloom)

Rudbeckia occidentalis (Western Cone Flower) Sisyrinchium idahoense (Western Blue-eyed Grass)

Solidago canadensis (Canadian Goldenrod)

16 grasses, sedges, rushes

UNIT PRICE UNIT PRICE UNIT PRICE GRADE SIZE 50 100+ 500+ 1000+ GRADE SIZE 50 100+ 500+ 1000+ GRADE SIZE 50 100+ 500+ 1000+ Bolboschoenus [Schoenoplectus] [Scirpus] Carex lenticularis (Lakeshore Sedge) Carex pachystachya (Chamisso Sedge) maritimus (Cosmopolitan Bulrush) Tufted sedge found in wet, sunny or partially Common western North American tufted Rhizomatous rush with strong triangular culms to shaded sites. Native across most of North America, sedge found in the transition zone from 5'. Fresh or brackish marshes, 0-1' deep, across the except for midwestern and southern states. Grows wet to dryish open habitats. Great po- United States, except the southeast. Grows 8-48" tall. 1-3' tall. tential rain garden species. Grows 6-26" tall. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 77-North Cascades Provenance: 03-Willamette Valley

Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33 Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33 Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33

Bromus carinatus (California Brome) Carex leptopoda (Slender-foot Sedge) Carex pansa (Sand Dune Sedge) Western North American grass found in moist to dry mead- The most common sedge found in western Wash- West Coast rhizomatous sedge with sharply trian- ows. May be short-lived, but will reseed under favorable ington and Oregon moist forest understory habi- gular stems found along sandy shorelines. Impor- conditions. Grows 1-3' tall. tats. The most frequently encountered member of tant species for helping stabilize sandy beaches. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland the Carex deweyana complex. Grows from British Columbia Has been used as a substitute for lawn grass in well-drained and Alberta south through our western states, Washington to soils. Grows 6-16" tall. Montana down to Arizona and New Mexico. Grows 1-2’ tall. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33 Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Carex amplifolia (Big-leaf Sedge) Bare-root seedling .70 .53 .44 .41 Western sedge with impressive large broad Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33 l e a v e s , fl o w e r i n g s p i k e s t o 4 '. A t t r a c t i v e f o r Carex stipata (Sawbeak Sedge) Carex lyngbyei (Lyngby's Sedge) ornamental ponds. Prefers moist soil. North American native sedge forming solid clumps Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 15-Northern Rockies Large, rhizome forming sedge, common along in moist areas. Attractive light green foliage, flow- saltwater shorelines from Alaska to northern Cali- ering stems to 4'. fornia. Grows 1-3' tall. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33 Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Carex aquatilis v. dives [C. sitchensis] Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33 (Apr-Nov) (Sitka Sedge) Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33 Bare-root seedling .90 .65 .55 .45 (Dec-Mar) West coast sedge, from Alaska to northwestern California, tufted on short rhizomes with pretty, Carex macrocephala (Large Headed Sedge) Carex unilateralis (Lateral Sedge) drooping flower heads. Attractive for ornamental ponds. Rhizomatous sedge found on sandy seashores, from Western native rhizomatous sedge found in shallow Common in wet meadows, marshes and lake shores. Grows Alaska to Oregon. Flowering heads large, 2-3" on or seasonal wetlands. Grows 12-30" tall. 1-4' tall. 6-18" plant. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Provenance: 77-North Cascades Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Valley

Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33 Bare-root seedling .70 .53 .44 .41 Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33

Carex comosa (Bristly Sedge) Carex mertensii (Merten's Sedge) Carex vulpinoidea (Fox Sedge) Attractive sedge of freshwater marshes and wet Densely tufted sedge, with attractive flowering Clumping sedge found in moist meadows, marshes meadows. Occurs sporadically across North Amer- spikes, found in dry to moist habitats of the north- and ditches in habitats scattered across the United ica. Listed as sensitive in the state of Washington. west, from Alaska through British Columbia and States. Great potential rain garden plant. More Grows 1 ½-3' tall. Does not have long rhizomes, so not suit- Alberta south to northern California. Excellent ornamental common east of the Cascades but ours is from a Whatcom able for sites subject to siltation. and rain garden potential. Grows 12-30" tall. County population. Grows 1-3' tall. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Provenance: 77-North Cascades Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Bare-root seedling .70 .53 .44 .41 Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33 Bare-root seedling .70 .53 .44 .41 Carex cusickii (Cusick’s Sedge) Carex obnupta (Slough Sedge) Danthonia californica (California Oatgrass) Tufted sedge of still and slow moving waters from West Coast evergreen sedge for moist to wet fresh- Bunchgrass found in moist to dry, sunny meadows the lowlands to the mountains, grows 1-6' tall. water or brackish sites, 0-3' depth; rhizomatous across western North America. Grows 1-4' tall. Older plants form distinctive large, raised tussocks and vigorous. Attractive sedge for shade or sun. In Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland on which other plants may be found growing, too. Native shallow water, creates important egg-laying habitat for am- southern British Columbia to California, east to Montana and phibians. Containerize for ornamental ponds. Grows 2-3" tall. Wyoming. Provenance: 01-Coast Range, 02-Puget Lowland Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33 Provenance: 15-N Rockies Danthonia spicata (Poverty Oatgrass) Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33 (Apr-Nov) Bare-root seedling .70 .53 .44 .41 Bare-root seedling .80 .60 .46 .43 (Dec-Mar) Widespread North American bunchgrass found in moist to dry, sunny meadows. Grows 4-28" tall. Carex densa (Dense Sedge) Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland West Coast tufted sedge of seasonal wetlands and wet meadows at low elevations. Listed as sensitive in the state of Washington. Grows 1-3' tall. Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33 Provenance: 03-Willamette Valley Deschampsia caespitosa (Tufted Hairgrass) Tufted grass native to marshes and wet prairies Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33 across much of North America. Attractive narrow foliage and 12-18" tall flowering plumes. Carex deweyana (Dewey's Sedge) please see Carex Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland leptopoda

Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33 Distichlis spicata (Seashore Saltgrass, Inland Saltgrass) Rhizomatous grass found in salt marshes and also dry upland areas across much of the western United States. An important food source for waterfowl, host plant for butterfly larvae (Wandering Skipper), and erosion control in estuaries. Inland strains are extremely drought tolerant, and may be invasive in some situations. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Carex lenticularis (Lakeshore Sedge) Bare-root seedling .70 .53 .44 .41 Eleocharis palustris (Common Spikerush) Widespread North American emergent with narrow dark green culms, rhizomatous and mat-forming in shallow freshwater habitats, from 0-2’ deep. Cre- ates important egg-laying habitat for amphibians. Container- ize for ornamental ponds. Grows 1-2’ tall. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, 03-Willamette Valley

Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33 Rufino lifting emergents

17 grasses, sedges, rushes

UNIT PRICE UNIT PRICE UNIT PRICE GRADE SIZE 50 100+ 500+ 1000+ GRADE SIZE 50 100+ 500+ 1000+ GRADE SIZE 50 100+ 500+ 1000+ Elymus glaucus (Blue Wildrye) Juncus acuminatus (Tapertip Rush) Juncus tenuis (Slender Rush) Drought tolerant native bunchgrass for sunny to Common tufted rush found in lake margins and Common rush in freshwater habitats across North partially shaded sites. Native across much of North meadows that remain wet all year. Grows across America that are saturated in the winter but dry America. Great for interplanting with trees and North America, primarily on the West Coast and out in the summer. Potential rain garden plant. shrubs in restoration plantings to cover bare soil. Populations east of the Mississippi; 16-30" tall. Grows 6-28" tall. are genetically variable regarding leaf color and density. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Grows 1-6' tall. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33 Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33

Bare-root seedling .70 .53 .44 .41 Juncus arcticus ssp. littoralis [J. balticus] Leymus mollis [Elymus mollis] (Dune Wild Rye) (Baltic Rush) Robust clump-forming perennial grass with strong Equisetum hyemale (Rough Horsetail, Scour- North American rush, strongly rhizomatous, com- rhizomes. Grows 3-5' tall on coastal dunes and ingrush Horsetail) mon in brackish marshes, tide flats, salt marshes, beaches, and freshwater beaches; helps prevent Rhizomatous horsetail, evergreen with unbranched and freshwater habitats from lowlands up into the subalpine, beach erosion. Native from Alaska across Canada, south from stems. Widespread across North America in moist in 0-12" of water. Grows 1-3' tall. coastal Washington to the central coast of California, the areas, grows 2-4’ tall. Horsetails are one of our oldest plants, Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Great Lakes area, and New England. originating about 350 million years ago, and at that time Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland they were over 40’ tall! Horsetails absorb heavy metals and can be used in phytoremediation; they can be invasive in Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33 some situations. Bare-root seedling .70 .53 .44 .41 Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Juncus articulatus (Jointleaf Rush) Rush common in freshwater wetlands and brack- Melica subulata (Alaska Oniongrass) ish marshes across much of North America. Grows Bare-root seedling .70 .53 .44 Tufted grassy perennial with short, thick, onion-like rhi- 6-18" tall. zomes. Grows in open to woodland environments, dry or Provenance: 03-Willamette Valley moist soils from sea leavel to mid elevations. Found in west- Festuca roemeri (Roemer's Fescue) please see Festuca ern coastal states with scattered inland populations; grows idahoensis ssp. roemeri 8-30". Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33 Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Festuca idahoensis ssp. roemeri (Roemer’s Fescue) Juncus balticus (Baltic Rush) please see Juncus arcticus Native bunchgrass for coastal areas from southern ssp. littoralis Bare-root seedling .70 .53 .44 .41 British Columbia to northern California with attrac- tive, finely textured leaves. Grows 1-3' tall. Juncus bolanderi (Bolander's Rush) Schoenoplectus [Scirpus] acutus v. acutus Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Common West Coast rush of wet meadows and (Hardstem Bulrush) marshes, both freshwater and brackish, with dark Bold, strongly rhizomatous bulrush, with dark green colored, spherical flower heads. Creates important stems reaching 6'+ in standing water with depths up Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33 egg-laying habitat for amphibians. Grows 6-30" tall. to 5'. Containerize for ornamental ponds. Widespread across Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland North America; also used for wastewater filtration. Glyceria grandis (Reed Mannagrass) Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Rhizomatous grass found in freshwater habitats (0-1' deep) across most of North America. Creates Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33 important egg-laying habitat for amphibians. Grows Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33 (May-Nov) up to 6' tall, in sun or shade. Juncus effusus (Soft Rush, Common Rush) Bare-root seedling .90 .65 .55 .45 (Dec-Apr) Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Globally common tufted rush with short rhizomes, found in moist to wet habitats, with water depths Schoenoplectus [Scirpus] americanus (Threesquare, from 0-2'. Grows 1-3' tall with flowers below the tip American Bulrush) please see Schoenoplectus pungens. Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33 of the stem. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Schoenoplectus [Scirpus] maritimus please see Bolbos- Hierochloe hirta ssp. arctica [Anthoxanthum choenus maritimus hirtum] (Sweetgrass) Aromatic grass traditionally used in crafts and spiritual cer- Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33 (Apr-Nov) emonies in both the Old and New World. From cultivation. Bare-root seedling .80 .60 .46 .43 (Dec-Mar) Schoenoplectus pungens (Common Three- Grows 1-2 ½' tall. square) Juncus ensifolius (Daggerleaf Rush) Widespread rhizomatous bulrush with triangular Common rhizomatous rush with iris-like leaves. stems to 3' tall. Found in fresh or brackish marshes Bare-root seedling .70 .53 .44 .41 Found in freshwater wet habitats without deep and wet habitats throughout North America. Tolerates inun- standing water, generally across western North dation of 0-16”. This species was long considered indistinct Hordeum brachyantherum (Meadow Barley) America and eastern Canada. Grows 1-2' tall. from S. americanus, but is now recognized as a separate Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland species within the Scirpus americanus complex. Attractive clumping native grass, a common com- Provenance: 01-Coast Range ponent of salt marshes and moist meadow habitats across the western United States and Canada. Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33 Grows 16-30" tall. Prefers moist soils but tolerates dry condi- Bare-root seedling .70 .53 .44 .41 tions as well. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Juncus oxymeris (Pointed Rush) Beautiful Northwest rush with iris-like leaves, common west of the Cascades in wet meadows and Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33 lake shores, sometimes where it dries out in late summer. Strong rhizomes are important for erosion control and sediment retention. Grows from British Columbia to California, 1-3' tall. Potential rain garden plant. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33

Juncus patens (Spreading Rush) West Coast native rhizomatous rush. Excellent choice for wetland habitats that may dry out in late summer. Potential rain garden plant, grows 1-3' tall. Provenance: 09-E. Cascade Slope/Foothills

Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33 Juncus supiniformis (Hairyleaf Rush) Northwest wetland plant, growing horizontally and rooting at the nodes. Common in estuarine and freshwater wetlands and ditches, often where inundated in the winter, drier in late summer. Native from Alaska south to northern California, grows 4-12" tall. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33

Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani [Scirpus lacustris, S. vali- dus] (Softstem Bulrush)

Rich planting bulbs

18 grasses, sedges, rushes

UNIT PRICE UNIT PRICE UNIT PRICE GRADE SIZE 50 100+ 500+ 1000+ GRADE SIZE 50 100+ 500+ 1000+ GRADE SIZE 50 100+ 500+ 1000+ Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani [Scirpus Sparganium emersum (Simplestem Bur-reed) please see lacustris, S. validus] (Softstem Bulrush) AQUATICS Graminoid Availability There is a window of time during the spring months Widespread wetland plant across North America, when our graminoids are actively growing and most are spreading vigorously by rhizomes, saline and fresh- best left in the ground. This window is specific to each water habitats, with 0-3' water depth. Grows to 6' tall. Triglochin maritima (Seaside Arrowgrass) species, and depends on weather conditions, so please Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Rhizomatous perennial with fleshy, grass-like leaves and spikes of yellowish flowers. Common in tidal check with us to determine the best time to receive your marshes and mudflats along the coasts, and across order. By late June, most species have slowed down their growth and can safely be transplanted, as long as they Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33 (May-Nov) North America in freshwater moist meadows. Grows 1-2' tall. are handled properly. Bare-root seedling .90 .65 .55 .45 (Dec-Apr) Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Scirpus cyperinus (Wool Grass) Handling Bare-root seedling .70 .53 .44 .41 It is helpful to remember that these plants are fragile Graceful tufted rush for brackish and freshwater -- treat them like lettuce. Their survival depends on habitats, attractive flowering plumes reaching 4-6'. being harvested, transported, and transplanted during Creates important egg-laying habitat for amphib- Typha latifolia (Common Cattail) cooler temperatures, with adequate water after planting. ians. Excellent for ornamental ponds. Scattered populations Widespread across North America; perennial with Please be ready to care for your plants as soon as they across the Pacific Northwest. long, flat leaves, persistent seed spike to 6' tall, arrive. We cannot ensure survival after plants have left Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland found in all types of shallow water habitats. Pro- our care. vides good cover and food for wildlife, but does tend to take over. Also used for water quality treatment. Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33 Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Scirpus microcarpus (Small Fruited Bulrush) Common flat-leaved rhizomatous bulrush in wet Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33 (Apr-Nov) meadows and shallow freshwater, 0-18", across Bare-root seedling .90 .65 .55 .45 (Dec-Mar) western and northern North America. An important wildlife plant. Creates egg-laying habitat for amphibians. Grows 2-4' tall. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Bare-root seedling .57 .47 .37 .33

aquatics

UNIT PRICE UNIT PRICE UNIT PRICE GRADE SIZE 50 100+ 200+ GRADE SIZE 50 100+ 200+ GRADE SIZE 50 100+ 200+ Alisma triviale (Northern Water Plantain) Menyanthes trifoliate (Buckbean) Sagittaria latifolia (Broadleaf Arrowhead, An emergent perennial in mud and shallow fresh- Western North America and again in the Great Wapato) water wetlands (0-2') with long-stemmed oval Lakes region across to Maine and Newfoundland. An emergent, rhizomatous perennial that grows leaves from basal rosette. Delicate branching stems White flowers in May and June. Stems 6-18" long. to 4' in shallow freshwater wetlands (6-12" deep) to 3' of white flowers in summer. Provides important food Shallow water in bogs, ponds, and lakes. Thick, creeping rhi- across North America, and produces white or bluish edible and habitat for waterfowl, fish, and wildlife. zomes, with leaves and stems that rise up out of the water tubers that were a food source for many indigenous people. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland 6-12". Emergent leaves arrow-shaped, submerged leaves linear, Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland from a basal rosette, white flowers in late summer and early fall. The seeds and tubers offer food for many different birds, Tube 2.00 muskrats, and beavers, while the foliage provides cover for Pot/tube 2.00 fish and aquatic insects. Used in phytoremediation; the plant Comarum palustre [Potentilla palustris] extracts over-abundant nutrients and heavy metals from (Purple Marshlock, Marsh Cinquefoil) Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala (Rocky sediment and water. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Circumboreal, especially in northern regions; lake Mountain Pond-lily) and stream margins, wet meadows, and bogs from Aquatic perennial with floating or submerged sea level to subalpine. Prostrate stems, sometimes floating, heart-shaped leaves and thick rhizomes 3-6' long. Tube 2.00 (June-Sept) to 3' from sturdy rhizomes. Flowers 1", dark red to purple in Single, waxy yellow flowers floating on long stalks from the Tuber 1.00 (Oct-Dec) summer. rhizomes. Grows in lakes and slow-moving water from Alaska

Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland south through western British Columbia, down to California Sparganium emersum (Simplestem Bur- and across to the Rocky Mountains, from lowlands up into reed) the montane. Tube 2.00 Provenance: 03-Willamette Valley Circumboreal rhizomatous perennial for wet ground with up to 3' of standing freshwater. Provides ex- Lysichiton americanus (Skunk Cabbage) cellent habitat for wildlife and also takes up pollutants read- ily in bioswales and water quality detention ponds. Stems and The giant golden spathes lurking around the swamp Pot 4.00 leaves float, grows to 6' in length. amongst huge fleshy leaves are unmistakable. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Swamp Lantern is another common name. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Bare-root seedling .90 .60 .47 Tube 1.50 Veronica americana (American Speedwell) Common blue flowered perennial in wetlands, stream edges, and other wet habitats across North America, except absent from the U.S. southeast. Grows from a creeping rhizome, with stems 4-36" long, pros- trate to ascending, sometimes partially submerged. Blooms May to July. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland

Bare-root seedling .80 .54 .40

Veronica americana (American Speedwell)

Limited Availability - Larger quantities grown on contract

Comarum palustre [Potentilla palustris] (Purple Marshlock, Marsh Cinquefoil) Sagittaria latifolia (Broadleaf Arrowhead, Wapato)

19 Bulbs

UNIT PRICE UNIT PRICE UNIT PRICE GRADE SIZE 50 100+ 500+ 1000+ GRADE SIZE 50 100+ 500+ 1000+ GRADE SIZE 50 100+ 500+ 1000+ Allium acuminatum (Taper-tip Onion, Camassia quamash spp. maxima (Common Lilium pardalinum ssp. shastense (Shasta Lily) Hooker's Onion) Camas) Beautiful yellow-orange flowers, lighter on the Western bulb with rose-colored flowers, typical onion scent. Bright to deep bluish-violet flower spikes with backs, with maroon speckles, native to north- Found in open, rocky sites from the Pacific Coast to the deeply buried bulbs. Generally found in deep soils ern California. Grows in part shade and moist soil Rockies. Grows 4-12" tall. in wet meadows, fields, and rocky, coastal bluffs, from in forests and along streams, to 5' tall. Interestingly, these Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland southern British Columbia through the western states. Likes plants are primarily pollinated by western tiger swallowtail “spring wet, summer dry” conditions. This is the most com- and pale swallowtail butterflies. mon species of camas. Grows 1-2' tall. Provenance: 05-Sierra Nevada Small .70 .65 .50 .35 Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland Large .90 .75 .60 .45 Small 1.50 1.25 1.00 .75 Please see our HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS section Small .60 .50 .40 .30 Large 2.00 1.60 1.30 1.00 for more Allium species Large .70 .55 .45 .35 Lilium pardalinum v. vollmeri (Vollmer’s Lily) Dichelostemma congestum [Brodiaea congesta] Brodiaea please also see Dichelostemma or Triteleia Spectacular dark orange to red flowers. Prefers (Ookow) moist soil. Native to the extreme southwestern cor- West coast native of the lily family growing from small bulbs. ner of Oregon and adjacent northwestern Califor- Brodiaea coronaria x elegans (Hybrid Tightly packed ball of purple flowers atop a 1-2' stem with nia. Grows to 5' tall. Interestingly, these plants are primarily Brodiaea) onion like leaves. pollinated by western tiger swallowtail and pale swallowtail Provenance: 03-Willamette Valley, 04-Cascades Ours have crossed and have characteristics of both butterflies. species. Hybridization is common in wild popula- Provenance: 78-Klamath Mountains tions where these species overlap. Beautiful purple flowers Small .70 .65 .50 .35 bloom June to July. Native from Washington to California, Large .90 .75 .60 .45 grows up to 18" tall. Small 1.50 1.25 1.00 .75 Large 2.00 1.60 1.30 1.00 Provenance: OR, WA Fritillaria affinis (Checker Lily) Western native bulb with mottled purple and green flowers. Perideridia oregana (Oregon Yampah) Small .70 .65 .50 .35 Found in open grassy areas and lightly shaded forest open- Sparse foliage and delicate white umbels of small flowers are Large .90 .75 .60 .45 ings, from Washington to California, and Idaho. Grows 1-2' the hallmark of this traditional Native American food. Grows tall. 1-2' tall in moist to dry meadows and open forest of Washing- Camassia leichtlinii ssp. suksdorfii (Suksdorf’s Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland ton to California, in and west of the Cascade Mountains. Great Camas) Provenance: 03-Willamette Valley Edible bulb, with showy 2-4' stems of blue flow- Small 1.50 1.25 1.00 ers. Native from British Columbia to California and Bare-root tubers .80 .55 Nevada. Likes “spring wet, summer dry” conditions. Hastingsia alba (White Rushlily) Provenance: 03-Willamette Valley A lily family member from the Sierra’s and Siskiyou Triteleia [Brodiaea] hyacinthina (Fool’s Onion, Mountains with a plume of small white flowers White Brodiaea) Small .60 .50 .40 .30 1-3' tall, found growing in wet meadows and rocky Large clusters of lovely white flowers on 1-3' stems. Large .70 .55 .45 .35 seepage areas. Prefers spring wet/summer dry conditions. Native Provenance: 05-Sierra Nevada from British Columbia to California, Idaho. Potential rain garden plant. Provenance: 04-Cascades, 78-Klamath Mountains Large 1.50 1.25 1.00 .75

Lilium columbianum (Columbia Lily) Small .70 .65 .50 .35 Northwest lily has bright orange flowers with dark speckles Large .90 .75 .60 .45 and lovely fragrance. Native from Washington to northern California, Montana. Grows to 4' tall. Provenance: 02-Puget Lowland, WA

Small 1.50 1.25 1.00 .75 Large 2.00 1.60 1.30 1.00

Dichelostemma congestum [Brodiaea congesta] (Ookow)

Brodiaea coronaria x elegans (Hybrid Brodiaea)

Native Bulbs We have taken many precautions to ensure our bulb stock is healthy, and free of nematodes and viruses. We only use seed to propagate our bulbs, and we only grow species plants, not hybrid varieties. Buyers interested in large quantities of these species plants should contact us for bulk pricing and availability.

Camassia quamash spp. maxima (Common Camas)

Perideridia oregana (Oregon Yampah)

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