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Development and Trade of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (Maps): Learnings from Comparative Analysis of China and India

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Development and Trade of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (Maps): Learnings from Comparative Analysis of China and India Development and Trade of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs): Learnings from Comparative Analysis of China and India Study Report Submitted to Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Contemporary Studies (RGICS) Rajiv Gandhi Foundation New Delhi Submitted by Institute of Livelihood Research and Training Regional Office: E-8/23 Vasant Kunj, Arera Colony, Bhopal – 462 039 Website: www.ilrtindia.org Table of Contents List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................. v List of Boxes .................................................................................................................................................. v Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................... vi Acknowledgement ....................................................................................................................................... ix Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... x Chapter 1 ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Background ........................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Herbal Sector in India and China ......................................................................................................... 2 1.3. Brief History of Herbal based Health Care in India and China ........................................................... 4 1.4. Demand Scenario of Herbal Products: Local and Global in India and China ..................................... 8 1.5 Rationale for the Study ..................................................................................................................... 12 1.6. Objectives of the Study .................................................................................................................... 13 Chapter 2 ..................................................................................................................................................... 14 Research Methodology ............................................................................................................................... 14 2.1. Universe of Study ............................................................................................................................. 14 2.2. Research Questions ......................................................................................................................... 14 2.3. Study Framework ............................................................................................................................. 15 2.4. Study Methodology .......................................................................................................................... 17 2.5. Data Collection ................................................................................................................................. 20 2.6. Data Analysis .................................................................................................................................... 22 2.7. Limitations of the study ................................................................................................................... 22 Chapter 3 ..................................................................................................................................................... 23 Legal and Policy Initiatives for Promotion of Traditional Medicines in India and China ............................ 23 3.1. Legal and Policy Framework for Traditional System of Medicines in India ..................................... 23 3.1.1. Legal and Policy Initiatives for Management MAP Resources .................................................. 23 3.1.2. Policy provisions for Traditional Medicines based Healthcare Promotion ............................... 29 3.1.3. Legal Framework for Regulation of TISM:................................................................................. 30 3.1.4. Provisions of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) under TISM: .................................................... 32 3.1.5. Policy Initiatives and Provisions for Trade and Export of MAPs: .............................................. 34 ii 3.2. Legal and Policy Framework for TCM in China ................................................................................ 34 3.2.1. The Drug Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China, 1984 ................................... 35 3.2.2. Regulation on Protection of Wild Medicinal Resources, 1987 ................................................. 35 3.2.3. Policy and Provisions for TCM based Healthcare Promotion ................................................... 35 3.2.4. Legal and Policy Framework for Processing and Industrial Development ................................ 38 3.3. Analysis and Discussions .................................................................................................................. 40 Chapter 4 ..................................................................................................................................................... 42 Production Promotion of Medicinal Plants in India and China ................................................................... 42 4.1. Production of Medicinal Plants in India ........................................................................................... 42 4.1.1. Conservation of MAPs under Forest Areas ............................................................................... 43 4.1.2. Conservation and Production of Medicinal Plants through Five Years Plans ........................... 44 4.1.3. CAMPA: An another Conservation and Development Initiative ............................................... 46 4.1.4. Research and Development Initiatives for Production Promotion of MAPs ............................ 47 4.1.5. Establishment of National Medicinal Plants Board (NMPB) to Promote MAP Sector .............. 50 4.1.6. In-situ Conservation and ex-situ Cultivation of MAPs .............................................................. 52 4.1.7. Conservation Initiatives through Multi-lateral and Bi-lateral Cooperation .............................. 55 4.1.8. Industry led Production Initiatives under Contract Farming Arrangement .............................. 58 4.1.9. Production Potential of MAP .................................................................................................... 60 4.2 Production of Medicinal Plants in China ........................................................................................... 61 4.2.1. Regulatory regime for improving TCM production in China ..................................................... 62 4.2.1. Conservation and Production of Medicinal Plants in China ...................................................... 64 4.2.3. Initiatives for Promotion of Production of Medicinal Plants .................................................... 67 4.2.4. Industrialization of TCM herbs supported through GAP implementation ............................... 71 4.2.5. Unique Agricultural (TCM) Production Model .......................................................................... 72 4.3. Discussion and Analysis .................................................................................................................... 73 Chapter 5 ..................................................................................................................................................... 76 Development of TISM and TCM .................................................................................................................. 76 5.1. Development of TISM in India ......................................................................................................... 76 5.1.1. Demand for Herbal Medicines .................................................................................................. 76 5.1.2. Processing and Industrial Development for TISM in India ........................................................ 78 5.1.3. Promotion of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) ................................................................ 84 iii 5.1.4. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) under TISM .......................................................................... 84 5.1.5. Processing and Manufacturing of AYUSH Medicines ................................................................ 85 5.1.6. Issues and other relevant aspects ............................................................................................. 91 5.2. Development of TCM in China ......................................................................................................... 94 5.2.1. Demand Scenario of TCM ......................................................................................................... 94 5.2.2. Industrial Development for TCM in China ................................................................................ 94 5.2.3. Improving Quality Standards of TCM Products ........................................................................
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