Choline: the Neurocognitive Essential Nutrient of Interest to Obstetricians and Gynecologists
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Role of Citicoline in the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury
pharmaceuticals Review Role of Citicoline in the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury Julio J. Secades Medical Department, Ferrer, 08029 Barcelona, Spain; [email protected] Abstract: Head injury is among the most devastating types of injury, specifically called Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). There is a need to diminish the morbidity related with TBI and to improve the outcome of patients suffering TBI. Among the improvements in the treatment of TBI, neuroprotection is one of the upcoming improvements. Citicoline has been used in the management of brain ischemia related disorders, such as TBI. Citicoline has biochemical, pharmacological, and pharmacokinetic characteristics that make it a potentially useful neuroprotective drug for the management of TBI. A short review of these characteristics is included in this paper. Moreover, a narrative review of almost all the published or communicated studies performed with this drug in the management of patients with head injury is included. Based on the results obtained in these clinical studies, it is possible to conclude that citicoline is able to accelerate the recovery of consciousness and to improve the outcome of this kind of patient, with an excellent safety profile. Thus, citicoline could have a potential role in the management of TBI. Keywords: CDP-choline; citicoline; pharmacological neuroprotection; brain ischemia; traumatic brain injury; head injury Citation: Secades, J.J. Role of 1. Introduction Citicoline in the Management of Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is among the most devastating types of injury and can Traumatic Brain Injury. result in a different profile of neurological and cognitive deficits, and even death in the most Pharmaceuticals 2021, 14, 410. -
Acetylcholine Signaling System in Progression of Lung Cancers
Pharmacology & Therapeutics 194 (2019) 222–254 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Pharmacology & Therapeutics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/pharmthera Acetylcholine signaling system in progression of lung cancers Jamie R. Friedman a,1, Stephen D. Richbart a,1,JustinC.Merritta,KathleenC.Browna, Nicholas A. Nolan a, Austin T. Akers a, Jamie K. Lau b, Zachary R. Robateau a, Sarah L. Miles a,PiyaliDasguptaa,⁎ a Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, 1700 Third Avenue, Huntington, WV 25755 b Biology Department, Center for the Sciences, Box 6931, Radford University, Radford, Virginia 24142 article info abstract Available online 3 October 2018 The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) acts as an autocrine growth factor for human lung cancer. Several lines of evidence show that lung cancer cells express all of the proteins required for the uptake of choline (choline Keywords: transporter 1, choline transporter-like proteins) synthesis of ACh (choline acetyltransferase, carnitine acetyl- Lung cancer transferase), transport of ACh (vesicular acetylcholine transport, OCTs, OCTNs) and degradation of ACh (acetyl- Acetylcholine cholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase). The released ACh binds back to nicotinic (nAChRs) and muscarinic Cholinergic receptors on lung cancer cells to accelerate their proliferation, migration and invasion. Out of all components Proliferation of the cholinergic pathway, the nAChR-signaling has been studied the most intensely. The reason for this trend Invasion Anti-cancer drugs is due to genome-wide data studies showing that nicotinic receptor subtypes are involved in lung cancer risk, the relationship between cigarette smoke and lung cancer risk as well as the rising popularity of electronic ciga- rettes considered by many as a “safe” alternative to smoking. -
Eletriptan Smpc
For the use only of a neurologist/ specialist or a Hospital or a Laboratory Generic Name Citicoline Trade Name Ceham 1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT: Citicoline 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION: Each film coated tablet contains: Citicoline sodium equivalent to Citicoline……………………………500mg 3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM: Film coated tablet 4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS 4.1 Therapeutic Indications: For the treatment of disturbance of consciousness as resulting from head injuries, brain operation and acute stage of cerebral infarction in adult only. For the treatment of patients with serious cerebral injuries of vascular traumatic nature with or without loss of consciousness & for treatment of degenerative damages & chronic cerebral vascular injuries in senile dementia. 4.2 Posology and Method of Administration The usually recommended dose of Citicoline is 500mg to 1000mg daily and can increase up to 2000mg. Elderly: No dosage adjustment is required in this patient population and the usually recommended adult dose can be administered. 4.3 Contraindications Hypersensitivity to citicoline or any other component of the formulation 4.4 Special Warnings and Special Precautions for Use: Citicoline may cause hypotension and in case necessary the hypotensive effect can be treated with corticosteroids or sympathomimetics. 4.5 Interaction with Other Medicinal Products and Other Forms of Interaction: Citicoline must not be used with medicines containing meclophenoxates (or centrophenoxine). Citicoline increases the effects of L-dopa. 4.6 Fertility, Pregnancy and Lactation There are no adequate and well controlled studies of citicoline during pregnancy and lactation. Citicoline should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. -
More Treatments on Deck for Alcohol Use Disorder
News & Analysis Medical News & Perspectives More Treatments on Deck for Alcohol Use Disorder Jeff Lyon hirteen years have passed since the Raye Z. Litten, PhD, acting director of the ment for AUD were actually prescribed an US Food and Drug Administration NIAAA’s Division of Medications Develop- AUD medication. T (FDA) last approved a new medica- ment and principal investigator of the trial, It is a complicated problem, says John tion to help the nation’s millions of people says the agency is “excited.” Rotrosen, MD, a psychiatrist and addiction withalcoholusedisorder(AUD)stopormod- Nevertheless, the science of alcohol ad- specialist at New York University School of erate their drinking. diction has seen its share of medicines that Medicine. “To a large extent primary care Only 3 such formulations exist, and 1, failed to live up to their early promise dur- physicians don’t screen for alcoholism,” he disulfiram, dates to the Prohibition era. ing full-scale testing. So Litten said the said. “When they do, they may note it, but Known commercially as Antabuse and agency isn’t putting all its eggs in one bas- don’t really do anything about it.” introduced in 1923, it makes people memo- ket. “You need as many weapons as pos- As far as the failure to prescribe exist- rably ill if they ingest alcohol, but it doesn’t sible to treat a complex disease like alcohol ing medications for AUD, Rotrosen blames stop the cravings. The other 2, naltrexone use disorder,” he said. a lack of knowledge. “A lot of doctors in and acamprosate, approved in 1994 and But therein lies a second difficulty. -
Alpha-GPC Introduced 2003
Product Information Sheet – January 2015 Alpha-GPC Introduced 2003 What Is It? Are There Any Potential Drug Interactions? l-Alpha-glycerophophatidylcholine (GPC-choline, alpha-GPC) is a water- At this time, there are no known adverse reactions when taken in soluble phospholipid and neurotransmitter precursor naturally conjunction with medications. occurring in the body. Unlike most membrane phospholipids, alpha- GPC is water-soluble because it lacks the hydrophobic tail groups. Alpha-GPC Uses For Alpha-GPC each Caplique® Capsule contains v 0 • Memory And Cognitive Health: Alpha-GPC passes through the alpha-GPC (L-alpha-glycerophosphatidylcholine) ........................ 200 mg blood brain barrier providing a source of choline for acetylcholine other ingredients: glycerin, water, vegetarian Caplique® Capsule (cellulose, water) and phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. By supporting cell membrane fluidity and integrity, phosphatidylcholine enhances Contains soy healthy neurotransmitter function and signal transduction. 6 Caplique® Capsules daily, in divided doses, with or Alpha-GPC may support healthy phospholipid turnover in the between meals. brain, helping to counteract age-related cellular breakdown of membrane phospholipids. Acetylcholine is a key neurotransmitter Caplique® Capsule is a registered trademark used by Pure Encapsulations in the brain supporting memory and learning. Optimal under license. phospholipid and acetylcholine levels support cognitive, mental Each Caplique® Capsule is preserved with a nitrogen bubble, which may give the and cerebrovascular health.* appearance of the capsule not being full. Contents may appear cloudy or thick and • Growth Hormone Support: Alpha-GPC has the ability to may settle or separate. potentiate growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH), thereby supporting healthy growth hormone (GH) levels. The mechanism of support appears to involve increased cholinergic tone.* What Is The Source? Alpha-GPC is derived from highly purified soy lecithin. -
Effect of Combined Therapy with Thrombolysis and Citicoline in a Rat
Journal of the Neurological Sciences 247 (2006) 121–129 www.elsevier.com/locate/jns Effect of combined therapy with thrombolysis and citicoline in a rat model of embolic stroke ⁎ María Alonso de Leciñana a,e, , María Gutiérrez a,d, Jose María Roda a,c, Fernando Carceller a,c, Exuperio Díez-Tejedor a,b a Cerebrovascular Research Unit, La Paz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain b Department of Neurology, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain c Department of Neurosurgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain d Cerebrovascular Experimental Lab, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain e Department of Neurology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain Received 28 April 2005; received in revised form 3 January 2006; accepted 3 March 2006 Available online 22 June 2006 Abstract An approach combining reperfusion mediated by thrombolytics with pharmacological neuroprotection aimed at inhibiting the physiopathological disorders responsible for ischemia-reperfusion damage, could provide an optimal treatment of ischemic stroke. We investigate, in a rat embolic stroke model, the combination of rtPA with citicoline as compared to either alone as monotherapy, and whether the neuroprotector should be provided before or after thrombolysis to achieve a greater reduction of ischemic brain damage. One hundred and nine rats have been studied: four were sham-operated and the rest embolized in the right internal carotid artery with an autologous clot and divided among 5 groups: 1) control; 2) iv rtPA 5 mg/kg 30 min post-embolization 3) citicoline 250 mg/kg ip ×3 doses, 10 min, 24 h and 48 h post-embolization; 4) citicoline combined with rtPA following the same pattern; 5) rtPA combined with citicoline, with a first dose 10 min after thrombolysis. -
Anticraving Therapy for Alcohol Use Disorder: a Clinical Review
Received: 10 April 2018 | Revised: 11 June 2018 | Accepted: 11 June 2018 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12028 INVITED REVIEW Anticraving therapy for alcohol use disorder: A clinical review Winston W. Shen1,2 1Department of Psychiatry, Wan Fang Medical Center, Taipei Medical University, Abstract Taipei, Taiwan Aim: In this review, the author focused on anticraving therapy for alcohol use disor- 2Department of Psychiatry, College of der (AUD) defined by DMS‐5. A comprehensive review was carried out on the avail- Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan able published papers on anticraving drugs for treating AUD patients. Methods: The author described all drugs with anticraving benefits for treating Correspondence Winston W. Shen, Department of AUD patients approved by the Food and Drug Administration of the United States Psychiatry, Wan Fang Medical Center, No. (US FDA) and European Medicines Agency of the European Union. Then, the com- 111, Section 3, Hsing Long Road, Taipei 116, Taiwan. monly prescribed anticraving drugs and those under development were also Email: [email protected] described. Results: The US FDA‐approved anticraving drugs included acamprosate and naltrex- one, and those approved by European Medicines Agency were gamma‐hydroxybuty- rate and nalmefene. The author also highlighted topiramate, gabapentin, ondansetron, LY196044, ifenprodil, varenicline, ABT‐436, mifepristone, citicoline, and baclofen. The putative mechanisms of action of and the use in clinical practice of those anticraving drugs were also described. Conclusion: Although slowly developing, the field of anticraving drugs is getting into shape as a promising entity of a pharmaceutical class of drugs. Then, the author addressed on the underused issues of those recommended, and suggested anticraving drugs by the practice guideline of the American Psychiatric Association. -
Présentation Powerpoint
Table S1- List of metabolites analyzed with the AbsoluteIDQ p180 kit Metabolite Short name Biochemical Name Metabolite Short name Biochemical Name Class Class C0 L-Carnitine Ala Alanine C10 Decanoyl-L-carnitine Arg Arginine C10:1 Decenoyl-L-carnitine Asn Asparagine C10:2 Decadienyl-L-carnitine Asp Aspartate C12 Dodecanoyl-L-carnitine Cit Citrulline C12:1 Dodecenoyl-L-carnitine Gln Glutamine C12-DC Dodecanedioyl-L-carnitine Glu Glutamate C14 Tetradecanoyl-L-carnitine Gly Glycine C14:1 Tetradecenoyl-L-carnitine His Histidine C14:1-OH Hydroxytetradecenoyl-L-carnitine acids Ile Isoleucine C14:2 Tetradecadienyl-L-carnitine Leu Leucine C14:2-OH Hydroxytetradecadienyl-L-carnitine Lys Lysine C16 Hexadecanoyl-L-carnitine C16:1 Hexadecenoyl-L-carnitine Met Methionine C16:1-OH Hydroxyhexadecenoyl-L-carnitine Orn Ornithine C16:2 Hexadecadienyl-L-carnitine Amino Phe Phenylalanine C16:2-OH Hydroxyhexadecadienyl-L-carnitine Pro Proline Ser Serine carnitines C16-OH Hydroxyhexadecanoyl-L-carnitine - C18 Octadecanoyl-L-carnitine Thr Threonine L - C18:1 Octadecenoyl-L-carnitine Trp Tryptophan C18:1-OH Hydroxyoctadecenoyl-L-carnitine Tyr Tyrosine C18:2 Octadecadienyl-L-carnitine Val Valine acyl C2 Acetyl-L-carnitine Ac-Orn Acetylornithine C3 Propionyl-L-carnitine ADMA Asymmetric dimethylarginine & C3:1 Propenyl-L-carnitine SDMA Symmetric dimethylarginine C3-DC / C4-OH Malonyl-L-carnitine / Hydroxybutyryl-L- alpha-AAA alpha-Aminoadipic acid carnitine Carnosine Carnosine C3-DC-M / C5-OH Methylmalonyl-L-carnitine / Creatinine Creatinine Hydroxyvaleryl-L-carnitine -
( 12 ) United States Patent
US010131766B2 (12 ) United States Patent (10 ) Patent No. : US 10 , 131, 766 B2 Hazen et al. (45 ) Date of Patent: Nov . 20 , 2018 ( 54 ) UNSATURATED POLYESTER RESIN 6 ,619 ,886 B1 9 /2003 Harrington 6 ,692 , 802 B1 2 / 2004 Nava SYSTEM FOR CURED IN - PLACE PIPING 7 , 135 ,087 B2 11/ 2006 Blackmore et al. 7 ,799 ,228 B2 9 /2010 Bomak et al . (71 ) Applicant : Interplastic Corporation , Saint Paul, 8 , 047, 238 B2 11/ 2011 Wiessner et al . MN (US ) 8 ,053 ,031 B2 11/ 2011 Stanley et al. 8 ,092 ,689 B2 1 / 2012 Gosselin (72 ) Inventors : Benjamin R . Hazen , Roseville , MN 8 , 298 , 360 B2 10 / 2012 Da Silveira et al. 8 ,418 , 728 B1 4 / 2013 Kiest , Jr . (US ) ; David J . Herzog , Maple Grove , 8 ,586 ,653 B2 11 / 2013 Klopsch et al. MN (US ) ; Louis R . Ross, Cincinnati , 8 ,636 , 869 B2 1 / 2014 Wiessner et al . OH (US ) ; Joel R . Weber , Moundsview , 8 ,741 , 988 B2 6 /2014 Klopsch et al. MN (US ) 8 , 877 , 837 B2 11/ 2014 Yu et al. 9 ,068 , 045 B2 6 /2015 Nava et al. 9 ,074 , 040 B2 7 / 2015 Turshani et al. ( 73 ) Assignee : Interplastic Corporation , St. Paul , MN 9 , 150 , 709 B2 10 / 2015 Klopsch et al . (US ) 9 , 207 , 155 B1 12 / 2015 Allouche et al. 9 ,273 ,815 B2 3 / 2016 Gillanders et al. ( * ) Notice : Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 9 , 371, 950 B2 6 / 2016 Hairston et al. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 9 , 550 , 933 B2 1 /2017 Chatterji et al . -
Jp Xvii the Japanese Pharmacopoeia
JP XVII THE JAPANESE PHARMACOPOEIA SEVENTEENTH EDITION Official from April 1, 2016 English Version THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH, LABOUR AND WELFARE Notice: This English Version of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia is published for the convenience of users unfamiliar with the Japanese language. When and if any discrepancy arises between the Japanese original and its English translation, the former is authentic. The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Ministerial Notification No. 64 Pursuant to Paragraph 1, Article 41 of the Law on Securing Quality, Efficacy and Safety of Products including Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices (Law No. 145, 1960), the Japanese Pharmacopoeia (Ministerial Notification No. 65, 2011), which has been established as follows*, shall be applied on April 1, 2016. However, in the case of drugs which are listed in the Pharmacopoeia (hereinafter referred to as ``previ- ous Pharmacopoeia'') [limited to those listed in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia whose standards are changed in accordance with this notification (hereinafter referred to as ``new Pharmacopoeia'')] and have been approved as of April 1, 2016 as prescribed under Paragraph 1, Article 14 of the same law [including drugs the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare specifies (the Ministry of Health and Welfare Ministerial Notification No. 104, 1994) as of March 31, 2016 as those exempted from marketing approval pursuant to Paragraph 1, Article 14 of the Same Law (hereinafter referred to as ``drugs exempted from approval'')], the Name and Standards established in the previous Pharmacopoeia (limited to part of the Name and Standards for the drugs concerned) may be accepted to conform to the Name and Standards established in the new Pharmacopoeia before and on September 30, 2017. -
Spray-Dried Bioadhesive Formulations for Pulmonary Delivery
SPRAY-DRIED BIOADHESIVE FORMULATIONS FOR PULMONARY DELIVERY BY HUNER KAMAL OMER A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE REQUIRMENTS OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL LANCASHIRE July/2014 ABSTRACT This study describes developments and in vitro characterisation of lipid microparticles prepared using spray-drying for drug delivery to the lung via dry powder inhalers. Bioadhesive formulations such as prochitosome or chitosome powders have been introduced to overcome the drawbacks of liposome instability and potentially provide significant increase in the residence time of drug in the lung. Mannitol or lactose monohydrate (LMH) aqueous solutions were spray dried at inlet temperatures of 90, 130, 170 or 210ºC. Soy phosphatidylcholine and cholestrol (1:1 mole ratio) were used in all formulations. Cholesterol was added to increase vesicle membrane rigidity. Proliposomes containing salbutamol sulphate (SS) were prepared by incorporating various lipid:carrier (mannitol or LMH; 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, 1:8 and 1:10 w/w). Prochitosomes including SS or beclomethason dipropionate (BDP) were prepared by adding various chitosan glutamate:lipid ratios of 1:10, 2:10, 3:10 and 5:10 w/w. Chitosomes, including various cryoprotectants (mannitol, LMH, trehalose or sucrose), were prepared by including chitosan glutamate to liposomes generated from ethanol-based proliposomes in the ratio of 3:10 w/w chitosan to lipid. The spray-drying parameters for generation of dry powders were optimised by using an inlet temperature of 120ºC, outlet temperature of 73 ± 3°C, aspirator rate of 100%, suspension feed rate of 11%, and spray flow rate of 600 L/h using B-290 Buchi mini spray-dryer. -
Impact of Citicoline Over Cognitive Impairments After General Anesthesia
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN: 2319-7064 ResearchGate Impact Factor (2018): 0.28 | SJIF (2018): 7.426 Impact of Citicoline over Cognitive Impairments after General Anesthesia Kameliya Tsvetanova Department “Anesthesiology and Resuscitation“, Medical University – Pleven, Bulgaria Abstract: Postoperative cognitive delirium - POCD is chronic damage with deterioration of the memory, the attention and the speed of the processing of the information after anesthesia and operation. It is admitted that anesthetics and other perioperative factors are able to cause cognitive impairments through induction of apoptosis, neuro-inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and so on. More and more medicaments are used in modern medicine, as, for instance, Citicoline, which are in a position significantly to reduce this unpleasant complication of the anesthesia. Keywords: Postoperative cognitive delirium, anesthesia, Citicoline. 1. Introduction Therefore, Citocoline is the main intracellular precursor of phospholipid phosphatidyl choline. (13), (14), (15), (16), It is known that anesthetics and other perioperative factors (17), (18), (19), (20), (21), (22), (23), (24), (25), (26) are able to cause cognitive impairments through induction of apoptosis, neuro-inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction It exerts impact over the cholinergic system and acts as a and so on. choline donor for the enhanced synthesis of acetylcholine. Chronic damage with deterioration of the memory, the attention and the speed of the processing of the information