9.1 Sewerage Sewage, Also Known As “Wastewater”, Is Water-Carried Waste, in Solution Or in Suspension and Intended to Be Removed from the Community

Sub-Regional Plan for Haryana Sub-Region of NCR-2021 Chapter 9 Sewerage, Solid Waste Management, Drainage & Irrigation

Chapter 9: SEWERAGE, SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, DRAINAGE & IRRIGATION

9.1 Sewerage Sewage, also known as “wastewater”, is water-carried waste, in solution or in suspension and intended to be removed from the community. Sewerage refers to the infrastructure that carries sewage. It encompasses components such as sewers, manholes, pumping station and sewage treatment plants.

It is estimated that 80% of water supplied find its way into the sewerage system. With rise in population & depleting water resources, the need for recycling of treated waste water is becoming more important. The treated waste water can be used for irrigation, wash rooms, air-conditioning of large buildings, flushing of toilets, cooling towers, thermal power plants, motor garages for washing of cars, etc.

9.1.1 Existing Situation of Sewerage System: As mentioned in Draft revised Regional Plan of NCR 2021, each participating State with the help of the specialized agencies and experts should prepare detailed and integrated Sewerage Master Plans for each city integrated with Land Use Plan of the city. The Master Plan be for at least 20 year horizon period and must cover the extended boundary of the city as per proposed land use. Plan should address area for onsite sanitation and area for offsite sanitation (sewerage system). It should identify land required for STPs and their locations. The plan should provide rehabilitation of the existing network, STPs and Sewage Pumping Stations; extension of the sewer network, increase in treatment capacity, effluent requirements, disposal system, recycling the treated effluent for irrigation, ‘peri-urban agriculture’, urban agriculture, gardening, flushing of sewers and cooling in industries/hotels etc.

In many towns sewerage system is quite old. Many of the joints are leaking and is a cause of concern because it pollutes the ground water. It is also observed that untreated sewage is discharged in to the nearest river or drain violating the pollution control Act. However during the non-monsoon period, some sewage is used for irrigation purpose but is limited to small areas in the region and for a few months only. Town wise existing sewage generation & network has been given in the following table 9.1.

Table 9.1: Present status of Sewerage system in Sub-Region Sr. Sub-Region/ Population Actual Actual Actual Actual Sewage Coverage of Coverage by No City/Town 2011 Coverage Water Water Generation @ Sewer individual . by Water Supply Demand 80% of Water Network (%) toilets (%) Supply (%) in lpcd (mld) Demand (mld) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Haryana A Panipat District 1 Panipat 515,375 90 154 79.37 63.49 90 90.00 2 Asan Khurd Included in 80.00 Panipat 3 Samalkha 39,710 90 138 5.48 4.38 71 80.00 4 Rural 650,352 55 55 35.77 28.62 0 44.00 Sub-Total 1,205,437 120.62 96.49 B Sonepat District 5 Sonepat 327,002 90 121 39.57 31.65 89 80.00 6 Gohana 65,708 90 129 8.48 6.78 71 80.00 7 Ganaur 35,603 100 255 9.08 7.26 85 90.00 8 Kharkhoda 25,051 95 130 3.26 2.61 79 90.00 9 Rural 996,637 59 55 54.82 43.85 0 48.00

Town and Country Planning Department, Haryana 207 Sub-Regional Plan for Haryana Sub-Region of NCR-2021 Chapter 9 Sewerage, Solid Waste Management, Drainage & Irrigation

Sr. Sub-Region/ Population Actual Actual Actual Actual Sewage Coverage of Coverage by No City/Town 2011 Coverage Water Water Generation @ Sewer individual . by Water Supply Demand 80% of Water Network (%) toilets (%) Supply (%) in lpcd (mld) Demand (mld) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Sub-Total 1,450,001 115.21 92.15 C Rohtak District 10 Rohtak 381,798 70 171 65.29 52.23 99 60.00 11 Kalanaur 23,319 85 193 4.50 3.60 72 75.00 12 Maham 20,484 80 220 4.51 3.61 81 70.00 13 Rural 615,040 28 55 33.83 27.06 0 40.00 Sub-Total 1,061,204 108.13 86.5 D Jhajjar 14 Bahadurgarh 170,767 70 136 23.22 18.58 68 60.00 15 Ladrawan 6,905 100 135 0.93 0.75 0 90.00 16 Sankhol Included in 100 135 0.00 0 90.00 Bahadurgarh 17 Jhajjar 48,424 70 118 5.71 4.57 96 60.00 18 Beri 15,934 60 285 4.54 3.63 78 50.00 19 Rural 715,066 60 70 50.05 40.04 0 40.00 Sub-Total 958,405 84.45 67.57 E Faridabad District 20 Faridabad 1,438,855 94 204 293.53 234.82 100 90.00 (Including ballabhgarh) 21 Tilpat Included in Faridabad 22 Rural 370,878 Sub-Total 1,809,733 293.53 234.82 F Palwal District 23 Palwal 154,998 45 137 21.23 16.99 88 40.00 24 Hathin 14,421 50 121 1.74 1.40 0 30.00 25 Hodal 50,143 40 144 7.22 5.78 71 40.00 26 Hasanpur 11,569 50 90 1.04 0.83 0 40.00 27 Rural 806,164 60 70 56.43 45.15 0 44.00 Sub-Total 1,042,708 87.66 70.15 G Gurgaon District 28 Gurgaon 933,454 60 136 126.95 101.56 60 60.00 29 Farukknagar 13,513 90 86 1.1 0.88 7 80.00 30 Dundahera Included in 100 70 0.00 0 90.00 Gurgaon 31 Sohna 53,962 80 115 6.21 4.96 86 70.00 32 Hailey Mandi 20,906 95 103 53 90.00 4.26 3.41 33 Pataudi 20,418 95 103 72 90.00

34 Rural 472,179 90 100 47.22 37.77 0 55.00 Sub-Total 1,514,432 185.84 148.58 H Rewari District 35 Rewari 148,975 70 120 17.88 14.30 96 60.00 36 Dharuhera 52,639 65 73 3.84 3.07 93 60.00

Town and Country Planning Department, Haryana 208 Sub-Regional Plan for Haryana Sub-Region of NCR-2021 Chapter 9 Sewerage, Solid Waste Management, Drainage & Irrigation

9.1.2 Sewage Treatment The Public Health Deptt of the State carries out projections of Sewage generation. These projections and network coverage for the towns in the Sub-Region as are already having the network are given in Table 9.2 Table 9.2: Projection of Sewage Generation in Towns having sewerage network in the Sub-Region

Sr. Sub-Region/ Population Capacity of

No. City/Town r STPs (MLD)

(MLD) (MLD)

Water Water Actual Wate

Sewage Sewage

Demand Demand Demand

@ 80% @ of

Generation Generation

2011 2021 2011 2021 2011 2021

2021 (LPCD) 2021

Under Under

Desired Water Supply by by Water Supply Desired

Operational

Construction Current Water Supply (LPCD) Supply Water Current

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 A Panipat District 1 Panipat 5,15,375 7,00,000 154 135 79.37 94.5 63.49 75.6 45 45 2 Samalkha 39,710 67,200 138 135 5.48 9.072 4.38 7.2576 5 0 B Sonepat District 3 Sonepat 3,27,002 10,00,000 121 135 39.57 135 31.65 108 30 35 4 Gohana 65,708 1,48,464 129 70 8.48 10.39 6.78 8.31 8.3 3 5 Ganaur 35,603 1,03,190 255 70 9.08 7.22 7.26 5.78 7 0 6 Kharkhoda 25,051 1,25,000 130 70 3.26 8.75 2.61 7.00 4.5 0 C Rohtak District 7 Rohtak 3,81,798 7,64,603 171 135 65.29 103.22 52.23 82.58 10 73.5 8 Kalanaur 23,319 32,990 193 70 4.50 2.31 3.60 1.85 3.5 0 9 Maham 20,484 51,000 220 70 4.51 3.57 3.61 2.86 5 0 D Jhajjar District 10 Bahadurgarh 1,70,767 2,80,906 136 135 23.22 37.92 18.58 30.34 54 0 including Sankhol 11 Jhajjar 48,424 1,84,000 118 135 5.71 24.84 4.57 19.87 5.5 5 12 Beri 15,934 19,052 285 70 4.54 1.33 3.63 1.07 2 0 E Faridabad District 13 Faridabad 14,38,855 24,38,000 204 150 293.53 365.70 234.82 292.56 95 0 (Including ballabhgarh, Tilpat & Piala) F Palwal District 14 Palwal 1,54,998 3,26,502 137 135 21.23 44.08 16.99 35.26 9 0

Town and Country Planning Department, Haryana 209 Sub-Regional Plan for Haryana Sub-Region of NCR-2021 Chapter 9 Sewerage, Solid Waste Management, Drainage & Irrigation

15 Hathin 14,421 27,937 121 70 1.74 1.96 1.40 1.56 0 4.5 16 Hodal 50,143 94,807 144 70 7.22 6.64 5.78 5.31 9 0 G Gurgaon District 17 Gurgaon 9,33,454 21,25,000 136 150 126.95 318.75 101.56 255.00 148 0 18 Farukknagar 135,13 45,573 86 70 1.1 3.19 0.88 2.55 0 3 19 Sohna 53,962 2,08,777 115 135 6.21 28.18 4.96 22.55 6 0 20 Hailey Mandi- 41,324 91,567 103 70 4.26 6.41 3.41 5.13 0 3.5 Pataudi H Rewari District 21 Rewari 1,48,975 4,00,000 120 135 17.88 54.00 14.30 43.20 8 22.5 22 Dharuhera 52,639 2,00,000 73 70 3.84 14.00 3.07 11.20 0 9.5 23 Bawal 16,776 4,80,000 106 135 1.78 64.80 1.42 51.84 0 40 I Mewat District 24 Firozpur Jhirka 24,750 45,453 114 70 2.82 3.18 2.26 2.55 0 3 25 Taoru 28,606 44,360 137 70 3.92 3.11 3.14 2.48 0 4.5 26 Punhana 24,734 63,540 125 70 3.09 4.45 2.47 3.56 0 4.5 27 Nuh 21,987 30,000 114 70 2.51 2.10 2.01 1.68 0 3.6 Source: PHED

The sewage treatment at present in the Sub-Region is 199 MLD against a generation of 601 MLD. The sewage generation in the year 2021 will be 1342 MLD. The projected sewage treatment figures are given below in the Table 9.3. Table 9-3: Projected Sewage Treatment in Sub-Region-2021 (in MLD) Estimated Sewage Generation (MLD) Treatment Sewage STPs under Gap considering 2011 2021 Capacity Treatment at construction Installed Capacity 30 (MLD) present (MLD) (MLD) % more (MLD) 601 1342 454.8 199 461 554.06 Source: PHED

There is a projected gap in the treatment capacity of sewage by 554.06 MLD in Haryana Sub-Region of NCR which at the rate of Rs. 7.7 crores per MLD for system and treatment would work out to Rs. 4266.26 crores for the period 2013-21. Public Health Engineering Department in consultation with Haryana Urban Development Authority and Haryana State Industrial and Infrastructure Development Corporation will work out a strategy within a year to cover this gap.

9.1.3 List of projects undertaken with loan assistance of NCRPB: The details of the projects funded by NCRPB in the Haryana Sub-region relating to sewerage, solid waste management and drainage are at Annexure 9.1 and 9.2.

9.1.4 Issues and Challenges

(a) Recycling of Treated Sewage The short-comings in the existing sewage treatment plants of Sub-Region will need to be rectified by 2021 and the treated sewage will need to be within the pollution control norms of the Ministry of Environment and Forests. Since, present sewage treatment plants are based on biological digestion process of organic matter; the fecal coli form count in treated sewage will be higher. Further, the use of anaerobic processes for treatment of sewage results in higher count of pathogens in treated sewage as compared to sewage treated using aerobic processes. This may result in spreading of diseases among the users mostly farmers. Hence, it shall be disinfected before being used for horticulture or irrigation. Since, the conventional method of disinfection using chlorination will severely hamper the self purification capacity of natural streams, rivers, canals, etc since aerobic organisms present in natural streams will get oxidized (killed) by the residual chlorine that would remain in disinfected treated sewage which gets finally mixed with natural waters. Hence, treated sewage shall not be disinfected with the chlorination process. It is proposed to disinfect treated sewage using Ultra-Violet method, which is not only economical but also does not have

Town and Country Planning Department, Haryana 210 Sub-Regional Plan for Haryana Sub-Region of NCR-2021 Chapter 9 Sewerage, Solid Waste Management, Drainage & Irrigation National Capital Region any residual disinfection effects. Thus, it will not result in killing of naturally growing micro-organisms that

7 6 3 0 ' 0 " E 7 8 0 0 " E 7 8 1 5 0 " E 7 8 3 0 0 " E are present in all natural waters and 7 6 1 5 0 " E 7 6 4 5 0 " E 7 7 0 0 " E 7 7 1 5 0 " E 7 7 3 0 0 " E 7 7 4 5 0 " E contribute to self purification capacity of 2 9 3 0 0 " N Map 9-1: Presently available Treated Sewage in2 9 3 0MCM 0 " N streams. Panipat

2 9 1 5 0 " N 16.425 2 9 1 5 0 " N Baghpat Sonipat (b) Treating sewage upto reusable Meerut 2 9 0 ' 0 " N 2 9 0 ' 0 " N 12.1545 0 standards Rohtak 0 0 A new technology for low cost treatment 2 8 4 5 0 " N Ghaziabad 2 8 4 5 0 " N Jhajjar NCT Delhi Gautambudh45.26 Nagar of sewage should be developed. In this 539.47 2.92 2 8 3 0 0 " N 2 8 3 0 0 " N technology, such a design would require 91.25 BulandShahar Gurgaon more effective designs of flocculation unit, 35.77 Faridabad 0

Rewari 2 8 1 5 0 " N 2 8 1 5 0 " N tube settlers, graded series sand filters in 41.975 addition to primary treatment units such 2.92 Mewat 2 8 0 ' 0 " N 2 8 0 ' 0 " N as sedimentation tank and skimmer and 0 more effective grit removal channel

2 7 4 5 0 ' 0 " N 2 7 4 5 0 ' 0 " N upstream of existing sewage treatment Alwar Presently Available Treated Sewage plant or membrane bio-reactors, and other 0 Volume (MCM/ Year) No of Districts

2 8 3 0 ' 0 " N 2 8 3 0 ' 0 " N modern technologies. It will also require 16.4 to 550 (6) disciplined operation of sewage treatment 12.2 to 16.4 (0) 2 7 1 5 0 ' 0 " N 2.9 to 12.2 (3) 2 7 1 5 0 ' 0 " N plant in terms of sludge removal and 0 to 2.9 (6) regular cleaning of polishing / oxidation 2 7 0 ' 0 " N 2 7 0 ' 0 " N ponds. There are several pros and cons 7 8 1 5 0 " E 7 6 1 5 0 " E 7 6 3 0 ' 0 " E 7 7 1 5 0 " E 7 7 3 0 0 " E 7 8 3 0 0 " E 7 6 4 5 0 " E 7 7 0 0 " E 7 7 4 5 0 " E 7 8 0 ' 0 " E

associated with this technology. Km s . 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 SCAL E

Source: Final NCRPB Report (WAPCOS)  The treated sewage can be supplied to non-beverage industries at a rate lower than the Wcurrent APCO S one, generating additional revenue and making it self-sustainable. Presently, the sewage treatment is a liability on urban local bodies and many municipalities and municipal corporations are forced to (planning) introduce tariffs on sewage.  The water that is not consumed for domestic or industrial usage can be simply discharged into the river.

 Due to the technology being new the scaling up may take up to 3-5 years.  The technology is risky hence it should be made available as a regular practice only after sufficient trained manpower is available for its design, operations and maintenance. The risk is high because the biological treatment process discharges very large quantity of E-Coli forms with high percentage of pathogens and even the slightest failure of disinfection unit due to power failure may result in outbreak of epidemic in the town.

 Since the quantity of colloidal suspended matter is high in sewage treated using conventional treatment plants, the required dosage of coagulant would be higher. Similarly, due to increased count of microorganisms in water, the cost of disinfectant would be higher. The prior disinfection by Ultra-Violet rays would not reduce the dosage of chorine for secondary disinfection since the chlorine would react and get consumed in oxidizing the mutated (dead) micro-organisms.

Town and Country Planning Department, Haryana 211 Sub-Regional Plan for Haryana Sub-Region of NCR-2021 Chapter 9 Sewerage, Solid Waste Management, Drainage & Irrigation

9.1.5 Policies and Proposals

1. Norms and standards provided in the CPHEEO manual for sewerage and its treatment will be followed by the State.

2. All Towns will be covered so that 100% population is served by Sewerage system.

3. Detailed integrated Sewerage Master Plans for each city integrated with land use plan shall be prepared for atleast 20 year horizon period. This Plan will also identify land required for STPs and their locations.

4. STP’s will be constructed with modular design so that large capacities do not remain unutilized.

5. No untreated sewage will be allowed to flow into water bodies/drains/rivers.

6. Recycled waste water will be promoted for non-drinking purposes and necessary infrastructure will be developed to facilitate reuse and recycling of treated waste water.

7. Poor condition of existing sewerage system in towns/cities will be rehabilitated.

8. Pit Toilets which directly pollute the ground water, service Toilets and direct disposal of night soil into the open drains will be discouraged.

9. Mass awareness will be created among public though mass media with regard to saving of water, waste minimization and utilization of treated waste water for non-drinking purposes

9.2 Solid Waste Management Solid Waste management is the collection, transportation, processing and disposal, managing and monitoring of solid waste materials. The term usually relates to materials produced by human activity, and the process is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, the environment or aesthetics. Solid Wastes are categorized into municipal wastes, hazardous wastes, medical wastes and radioactive wastes. Managing solid waste generally involves planning, financing, construction and operation of facilities for the collection, transportation, recycling and final disposition of the waste.

9.2.1 Existing Situation The Haryana Sub-Region has a highly productive agricultural economy as well as a robust Industrial base which implies that there are three distinct typologies of waste generation – Urban Areas, Industrial Estates, Bio-Medical Wastes producing sites & Rural Areas and each typology would require a different approach.

Urban areas usually generate household waste with a larger biodegradable and relatively smaller non- biodegradable content while commercial establishments generate large volumes of non-bio-degradable waste and e-waste. Industries producing hazardous waste need specialized treatment before any method of disposal may be adopted. Thus, the different typologies of waste depending on their generation source require different management systems to deliver the most efficient results. The varying nature of solid waste generated by different areas may form the base for classification and identification of zones.

 Industrial Areas Industrial areas generate effluents as well as solid waste. Smaller industrial units discharge polluting effluents, which may share the infrastructure by pooling for Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETP) while larger industries may be required to set up their own Effluent Treatment facilities. It should be mandatory to segregate and recycle solid waste. The bio-degradable waste may be treated to generate

Town and Country Planning Department, Haryana 212 Sub-Regional Plan for Haryana Sub-Region of NCR-2021 Chapter 9 Sewerage, Solid Waste Management, Drainage & Irrigation electricity. Thus, a zero waste policy may be adopted for all industrial areas. Any hazardous waste should be governed by the Hazardous Waste Management Rules.

At the moment there is no hazardous waste management site in the Sub-Region. The location of these sites is governed by the hazardous waste management rules and selection of site location should require an environmental clearance from the MoEF.

 Thermal Power Plants All coal based thermal power plants generate huge volumes of ash. The Haryana Sub-region of NCR has an operational thermal power plant at Panipat while two more are proposed in Jhajjar (1500+1320 MW). The ash may be used for the manufacturing of fly ash bricks and as landfill material for roads and other construction sites.

 Urban Areas Sub-region covers an area of 13428 Km2 over 9 districts and accommodates 11.03 million population in 2011. The urban population is 4.78 million . The urban population of Sub-Region is expected to increase 10.65 million by 2021. The rate of solid waste generation in the region is not recorded by any local body. However, the rate of solid waste collection indicates that the average generation rate is approximately 0.3 kg/day/capita for urban areas and that this is expected to increase due to the growing size of cities and increase in income levels.

 Household Waste The quantity and nature of household waste generated depends upon number of factors such as foodhabits, standard of living, income levels, levels of urbanization and climate. It is estimated that solid waste generated in small, medium and large cities and towns in India is about 0.1 kg, 0.3 – 0.4 kg and 0.5 kg per capita per day respectively. Studies carried out by National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) indicates that the per capita generation rate increases with the size of the city and varies between 0.3 to 0.6 kg/d. In the metropolitan areas, values up to 0.5 kg / capita / day have been recorded. The estimated annual increase in per capita waste quantity is about 1.33% per year.

The composition and the quantity of MSW generated form the basis on which the management system needs to be planned, designed and operated. Household waste generally consists mainly of a large organic fraction (40–60%), ash and fine earth (30–40%), paper (3–6%) and plastic, glass and metals (each less than 1%). The C/N ratio ranges between 20 and 30, and the calorific value ranges between 800 and 1000 kcal/kg.

Table 9-4: Solid Waste Composition for different sizes of Cities Population No. of Paper Rubber, Glass Metal Compostable Inert range (in cities Leather matter material millions) surveyed and synthetics 0.1-.05 12 2.91 0.78 0.56 0.33 44.57 43.59 0.5-1.0 15 2.95 0.73 0.56 0.32 10.04 48.38 1.0-2.0 9 4.71 0.71 0.46 0.49 38.95 44.73 2.0-5.0 3 3.18 0.48 0.48 0.59 56.57 49.07 5.0 and 4 6.43 0.28 0.94 0.08 30.84 53.9 above All values are in percentage and are calculated on net weight basis. Source: NEERI report strategy paper on SWM in India, August 1995.

Town and Country Planning Department, Haryana 213 Sub-Regional Plan for Haryana Sub-Region of NCR-2021 Chapter 9 Sewerage, Solid Waste Management, Drainage & Irrigation

Table 9-5: Energy Potential of Solid Waste for different sizes of Cities Population range Nitrogen as Phosphorus as Postassium as C/N Ratio Calorific Value

(in millions) total Nitrogen P2 Os K2O kcal/kg 0.1-0.5 0.71 0.63 0.83 30.94 1009.89 0.5-1.0 0.66 .56 0.69 21.13 900.61 1.0-2.0 0.64 0.82 0.07 23.68 980.05 2.0-5.0 0.56 0.69 0.78 22.45 907.18 5.0 and above 0.56 0.52 0.52 30.11 800.70 Source: NEERI report strategy paper on SWM in India, August 1995.

The nature of waste generated may therefore be classified in three distinct categories:

a. Category 1 & 2 – Large Cities Category 1 includes large urban complexes of Gurgaon and Faridabad which are projected to have more than 1500 MT of solid waste daily. Category 2 includes larger urban areas with a projected generation in the range of 100 MT solid waste daily. Households characteristically produce large volumes of waste per capita and have a lower kitchen waste component. The activity chain for effective management of waste requires integrated logistics to ensure safe disposal and feasible treatment alternatives to cater the population. Disposal mechanisms cannot be limited to landfills since land is a scarce resource and the volumes of waste generated make it impractical. The policy of reduce, recycle and reuse needs to be adopted. Electricity generation and composting from waste and other newer technologies may be adopted on the principles of waste to wealth.

b. Category 3 & 4 – Small Towns Category 3 areas would generate solid waste in the range of 30 to 50 MT daily while Category 4 is small towns which would generate not more than 20 MT daily. The smaller towns generate comparatively lesser volumes of waste and it would be viable to adopt vermin-composting and other intermediate and low cost bio-technologies to effectively dispose waste. Dharuhera, Bawal, Jhajjar, Sohna, Kharkhoda, Ganaur, Gohana are the towns expected to fall in category 3.

c. Category 5 – Rural Areas Rural households generate mostly compostable wastes which may be converted to green manure for each village. Design of such plants is available with the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) and made available to all panchayats for implementation. O&M and other details may be worked out through community participation. Technologies for rural areas could focus on manure generation and biomethanation plants. The manure generated may be used in the same village or marketed through a centralized system. The gas may be used for the purposes of street lighting and cooking. All villages will be included in this zone and the location of treatment facilities may be located as approved by the village panchayats and Block Development Officers.

Table 9-6: Status of landfill sites in Sub-Region Status Land fill sites in the Sub-region Existing ***Village Bandhwari (Gurgaon) *Pali (Faridabad) Proposed Rohtak Source: Master plan of respective towns TSDCF Facility **Scientific engineered landfill

A project to process 1000 TPD of MSW from Gurgaon and Faridabad cities was set up at Village Bandhwari on Gurgaon-Faridabad highway along with the sanitary landfill facility. An integrated SWM project for Rohtak Municipal Corporation comprising 175 TPD MSW processing plant and a sanitary landfill is under implementation. Another project at Sonepat for 145 TPD MSW processing facility is under construction. In

Town and Country Planning Department, Haryana 214 Sub-Regional Plan for Haryana Sub-Region of NCR-2021 Chapter 9 Sewerage, Solid Waste Management, Drainage & Irrigation addition, MSW processing facilities for Panipat, Bahadurgarh, Hodel, Dharuhera, Ferozpur Jhirka and Farukhnagar are at various stages of planning/ implementation.

 Bio Medical Waste Bio-medical waste generated from hospitals should be treated in accordance with the Bio Medical Waste Treatment (BMWT) Rules notified under the Environmental Protection Act. However, smaller nursing homes and clinics find such rules very difficult to follow. Thus, these centers may share the waste treatment infrastructure with larger hospitals. The common bio-medical waste treatment facilities in Haryana have been detailed in the table. Table 9-7: BMWT Facilities Common BMWT Equipments No. of Est. No. of Total waste APCS Facility Connected Beds treated M/s Synergy waste Incinerator 50 Kg/hr 625 4872 260 Kg/day Yes Management, Hissar Autoclave 20 Kg/batch M/s Haatwastech, Incinerator 50 Kg/hr 909 8159 480Kg/day Yes Karnal Autoclave 30Kg/batch M/s Vulkan Waste Incinerator 150 Kg/hr 629 6000 910Kg/day Yes Management, Gurgaon Autoclave 100 Kg/batch Total 2163 19031 1650 APCS: Air Pollution Control System

These facilities may prove inadequate in course of time and new facilities may be contemplated taking into consideration the increase in the number of beds.

 Commercial Waste Commercial establishments in urban areas generate large quantities of very specific waste. A printing shop will have large amounts of waste paper while a restaurant will generate large amounts of compostable waste. Each commercial establishment may be required to estimate the volumes of major typologies of waste generated and submit this at regular intervals mandatorily to the competent authority responsible for solid waste management of the particular urban area. This would facilitate route policies. Commercial waste in many cities is being handled by private agencies who find it profitable to treat, recycle and reuse such waste. These may generate considerable amount of energy and other commercial products.

9.2.2 Process of Solid Waste Management Solid Waste Management is the primary responsibility of the ULBs and the Municipal Act 1973 details the provisions for collection, transport and disposal of waste. Also, the MoEF has notified MSW (Management Common BMWT Facility Equipments No of Est. and Handling) Rules, 2000 under the Environment Protection Act, 19 vide No. S.O.908 (B) dated the 25th September 2000. The major functions of civic bodies include:

 Prohibiting littering of street  Organizing house to house waste collection.  Conducting awareness programs to disseminate information to public.  Providing adequate community storage facilities.  Use of color code bins and promotion of waste segregation.  Transport of wastes in covered vehicles.  Processing of wastes by adopting an appropriate combination of composting, anaerobic digestion.  Upgradation of the existing dump sites and disposal of inert wastes in sanitary landfills.

Town and Country Planning Department, Haryana 215 Sub-Regional Plan for Haryana Sub-Region of NCR-2021 Chapter 9 Sewerage, Solid Waste Management, Drainage & Irrigation

As per the Rules, the citizens are responsible for:  Segregation of wastes at source.  Avoid littering of streets.  Delivery of wastes in accordance with the delivery system notified by the respective civic body.

Also, guidelines and rules for Biomedical Waste and Hazardous Waste have been issued by CPCB, which are annexed at Annexure 9.3 for reference.

Figure 9-1: Process of Solid Waste Management

9.2.3 Issues and Challenges The Sub-Region has seen commendable urbanization and growth in industrial investment which is likely to continue owing to the positive investment climate of the region. This intensive activity would require a robust infrastructure back up not only in terms of inputs like water, power and transport but also in terms of waste management. Municipal Corporation of Gurgaon (MCG) along with Municipal Corporation, Faridabad, has set up an advanced integrated solid waste processing facility at Bandhwari. The current status of waste management in the Sub-Region is unsatisfactory. Waste was traditionally dumped without treatment. However, with the increase in the volumes of waste generated and the growing demand on land, this practice has been found impracticable. The Regional Plan-2021 for NCR outlined certain actionable points which have been partially achieved as detailed below:

Town and Country Planning Department, Haryana 216 Sub-Regional Plan for Haryana Sub-Region of NCR-2021 Chapter 9 Sewerage, Solid Waste Management, Drainage & Irrigation

Table 9-8: Actionable Points - Regional Plan-2021 for NCR Period Activity mandated by NCR Plan 2002-2007 Preparation of SWM Master Plans by ULBs and Panchayats as per MoEF directions and CPHEEO manual, MoUD& PA Demarcation of land for treatment and disposal with budgetary provisions for acquisition of land Waste minimization of 50% through treatment technologies and landfill Collection and disposal of solid waste in Urban Villages by association of panchayats 2007-2012 Implementation of SWM Master Plans Ensure compliance with Waste Minimization Other Villages to have a SWM system 2012-2017 Ensure Compliance 2017-2021 Ensure Compliance

Local bodies have been assigned the responsibility of SWM but most municipal bodies face insurmountable challenges in their bid to deliver an efficient SWM system. Lack of knowledge, funds and awareness and organizational inadequacies are the major reasons for poor SWM infrastructure. Thus, each ULB shall prepare a Solid Waste Management Plan by formulation of a generic format and specifying the detailed methodology; complying all norms, standards, guidelines and legislation and relevant best practices and mandating a timeline and governance structures. Specific inputs for resource mobilization, institutional improvements and training may be organized as a common forum for regular exchange.

Major issues in Solid Waste Management are as follows:  No organized and scientifically planned source segregation.  Municipal solid waste is usually disposed as it is without any treatment. Most of MSW is still disposed off in dumps causing severe environmental and health risks.  Lot of materials can be recovered from waste for recycling which can then serve as an input for manufacturing of particular significance are cellulosic materials, plastic, metals and glass.  A vigorous policy framework to give a direction and thrust to environmentally sound waste management is required.  To support waste management one of the most pressing issues is the availability of funds.

9.2.4 Policies and Proposals Department of Urban Local Bodies (DoULB), has proposed to construct Sanitary landfills and supporting Composting plant for disposal of Solid Waste by grouping 2-3 towns with bigger towns in the vicinity where either land is available or can be made available. As an exercise to this effect the DoULB has identified 19 Urban Centres in services of disposal of Solid Waste and status of land and collection of Solid Waste generation. In addition, Detail Project Reports (DPRs) for Solid Waste Management for Rohtak city has been approved by Ministry of Urban Development, GoI under JNNURM & UIDSSMT schemes.

Table 9-9: Estimated SW Generation by Urban Population District Urban Projected Urban SW generated SW generated SW generated Population Population 2021 (kg/capita/day), CPHEEO 2011 (MT/day) 2021 (MT/day) 2011 Faridabad 1,438,855 2,438,000 0.5 719.42 1219.00 Palwal 236,544 448,502 0.2 48.59 89.70 Rohtak 446,164 860,896 0.3 129.64 258.26 Panipat 555,085 993,991 0.3 174.13 298.19 Sonipat 453,364 1,303,434 0.3 136.00 391.03 Gurgaon 1,042,253 2,589,917 0.5 524.86 1294.95 Mewat 124,106 179,385 0.1 10.00 17.93 Jhajjar 243,339 687,964 0.3 76.706 206.38 Rewari 233,430 1,145,911 0.3 68.50 343.77 Sub-Region 4,773,140 10,648,000 1,887.846 4,119.21 Source: Estimation based on Census of India, 2011 & Projected population

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As per the above table, it is observed that Gurgaon, Faridabad, Sonipat & Rewari are leading districts in waste generation due to their urban characteristics.

The following policies and proposals are recommended for effective solid waste management:

 An amount of Rs. 149.9 crores would be required for Solid Waste Disposal for the period 2013-21.  Segregation at household level should be encouraged / at source into biodegradable (wet) waste and non-biodegradable (dry) waste.  Door-to-door collection of waste should take place on a daily basis on either pushcarts or rickshaws (non-polluting transportation).  The non-biodegradable waste should be segregated by category at the waste handling site. The recyclable waste can be sold to companies that have machinery and expertise to recycle the material.  All employees of ULB need to be trained in SWM, including the linkage between a deteriorating environment, waste, and human health, the treatment and management of waste, principles behind composting and recycling, occupational hazards, health and hygiene, collection and transportation procedures, etc.  An important step to motivate and engage the general public is via continuous public awareness campaigns based on a public strategy (IEC- Information, Education & Communication).  SWM requires the involvement not only of a technical staff with knowledge of the SWM system but also of the whole of civil society.

9.3 DRAINAGE 9.3.1 Background and Existing Situation Drainage is an important element of physical infrastructure and constitutes removal and disposal of surplus rain/irrigation water from the land. It has two aspects namely flood protection and removal of storm water. The extremely gentle gradient prevalent almost all over the region restricts the degradation activities of the streams/drains. It is, therefore, necessary to plan the drainage system in an integrated manner with adjoining States. Topography, rainfall intensity, soil characteristics, irrigation methods, crops and vegetation cover are important factors for deciding the type and design of drainage system. Since urban expansion is inevitable, increased run off would require remodeling of the existing drains as well as provisions of new/supplementary drains, implementation of appropriate flood protection measures, protection of natural drainage course, improved ground water recharge, and other environmental improvement measures such as prevention of sewer flows into the storm drains, pollution of river Yamuna etc.

Drainage area of Yamuna Sub Basin comprises of area of Yamuna Nagar (part), Karnal, Panipat, Sonepat, Rohtak, Jhajjar, Rewari, Gurgaon, Mahendergarh, Jind (part), Faridabad districts. It covers about 40% area of the state and it drains into river Yamuna. Experiencing high flooding during heavy rainfall, diversion drains were constructed in the northern portion of this catchment namely channelization of Chautang Nallah, Main Drain No. 2 and Diversion drain No. 8 out falling into river Yamuna in the North of Delhi. Ujina Diversion Drain was constructed to outfall into river Yamuna in Haryana territory in the South of Delhi to check drainage congestion through Khaluka Regulator in Rajasthan. Due to the construction of a number of bunds in Rajasthan territory in catchment area of river Sahibi, Krishnawati, Dohan and Landoha Nallah originating from Aravali hills of Rajasthan, now the flood problem in Rewari, Mahendargarh, Jhajjar and Mewat has reduced considerably. The problem arises only when there is heavy downpour in low lying pockets.

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Important drains of Yamuna Sub Basin area are Chautang Nallah, Dhanaura Escape, Nissing Drain, Indri Drain, Main Drain No. 2, Nai Nallah Drain, Drain No. 8, Diversion Drain No. 8, Out-fall Drain No. 8, Najafgarh Drain, Chhapra Drain, Meham-Lakhanmajra Drain, KCB Drain, Supplementary Drain, Nuh Drain, Ujina drain, Ujina diversion Drain, Gaunchi Main Drain.

Some of the towns have combined system of disposal for sewage and storm water. However generally it is not designed as such but by default in absence of sewerage system, the drains actually act as combined system both for sewage and drainage. The disposal of storm water is generally not planned properly and takes natural course on land, depressions, ponds etc. Separate systems for sewage and storm water disposal are recommended for implementation.

9.3.2 Issues and Challenges Untreated sewage continues to flow in most of the drains in the region and ultimately falls into Yamuna. Encroachment by slums along the drains cause choking of drains and flooding in the upstream areas due to reduced carrying capacity. Dumping of solid waste in the drains also causes blockage. Drainage Master Plans are required to be prepared district wise and city wise. Ideally, hydraulic survey should be carried out regularly to assess the conditions of the drains.

Lack of Regional Approach There is a need to adopt integrated regional approach for drainage planning. Each major drainage system under basins/sub-basins of NCR at micro level should be critically examined by each constituent State Government to assess the deficiencies in planning, design, maintenance and to suggest remedial measures including remodeling/improvement work wherever necessary.

9.3.3 Policies and Proposals The Regional Plan envisages the following strategies and policies to improve the drainage system:

A. Regional Approach to Drainage Integrated Regional Drainage Plan at the regional level and sub-regional level; Drainage Master Plans at the district level and city level should be prepared after critically examining each major drainage system under basins/sub-basins of NCR at micro level by the State Governments and ULBs incorporating the improvement proposals for enhancing the quality of Sub-regional and local drains taking into account the present/future development and settlement pattern in the region. The area drainage plan should be considered as an integrated part of the Master Plan of the area and this drainage plan should take into account the land development planning for the region. All developments in controlled areas falling in dark and over exploited block declared or to be declared in future by CGWB should aim towards zero run off within the controlled areas. The ponds/lakes/wetlands (existing and proposed), bunds/check dams etc. should be developed/protected to increase the run off time of storm water in order to help in ground water recharging.

B. Norms and Standards The urban drainage system should be designed as per norms and standards stipulated in CPHEEO manual for Sewerage for internal as well as peripheral drains. The likely time of concentration for each case may be worked out and corresponding storm values adopted. i. The rural drainage system may be designed for three days rainfall of five years frequency to be drained in three days. An appropriate area dispersal factor should be adopted for computing the run off. ii. The coefficient of runoff may be calculated for areas with composite land use pattern on the basis of anticipated land use in the new areas and existing land use pattern for the areas already developed.

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iii. Where it is not possible to work out the run off coefficient due to land use policies not indicated, run off coefficient not less than 0.2 may be adopted for rural areas with flat to moderate slopes and 0.4 for steeper slopes. For urban area, run off coefficient not less than 0.6 may be adopted in absence of adequate details of the areas.

C. Prevention of Storm Water Drains from Pollution Measures should be taken to prevent the use of storm water drains for conveying sewage and dumping of solid wastes and sludge in open drains. Enforcement should be done under the Environment Protection Act, 1986. Unauthorized development/encroachment/slum dwellings in the drainage system should be prohibited.

D. Irrigation Water Where irrigation canal escapes including the tail escapes outfall into the drains or in the neighbouring ponds, provision for efficient draining of surplus irrigation water by enhancing their capacity should be made while planning for improvement in the integrated Regional Drainage System.

E. Provision of Funds Provision of adequate funds should be made for upgradation and regular maintenance of the drains on the same lines as for the irrigation channels.

F. Avoid Piecemeal Approach In cities sometimes drains are constructed to drain water from some road/locality without considering final disposal of storm water. This only leads to a shift of the problem. As such first master plan of drain should be prepared and only then drains should be provided so as to integrate with master plan proposals.

G. Other Measures i. Drainage system which requires pumping should be avoided as far as possible ii. Planning of drainage system should be based on the concept of retention of rain water where it is received as much as possible, by ponding, retardation dams, grass waterways, pavements with interspaces, rain water harvesting structures, etc. iii. Follow the principle that the drains should carry only rain water. iv. Develop land around drain as public recreation place. v. Protect drainage area from pollution vi. The operation and maintenance of drains should be done regularly and properly. The growth of grass and plants need to be removed to maintain the carrying capacity of the channels. vii. The drains have become dumping grounds of solid waste and carriers of sewage due to absence of Solid Waste Management and absence of sewerage system in the cities. This is blocking drains, reducing flow capacity and making drains to emanate foul smell. The natural gravity flows are restricted and require O & M at high cost in removal of debris and silt deposits. As such cities should be covered with solid waste management system and sewerage system to make drainage system effective and functional. viii. Industrial waste disposal in drains to be stopped.

H. Plan of Action and Phasing of Implementation of Strategies/Policies/Proposals In order to implement the policies of drainage in the region, it is imperative to have a phase wise plan of action so that the implementation of policies and proposals can be dovetailed with the five-year plans. In view of this, each recommendation has been phased plan-wise where certain activities are to be completed within first five-year of the implementation.

The area of Haryana falling in NCR have been provided efficient drainage system but the effort should be to ensure that the entire NCR does not get flooded and the runoff is drained effectively. Similarly, there is an

Town and Country Planning Department, Haryana 220 Sub-Regional Plan for Haryana Sub-Region of NCR-2021 Chapter 9 Sewerage, Solid Waste Management, Drainage & Irrigation effective flood control system in NCR that protects the area. The drainage system and flood control works will be rehabilitated to keep them fit.

Some of the activities which need to be implemented include preparation of Integrated Regional Drainage Plan at the regional level and Drainage Master Plans at the District level to manage regional and local drains, avert mixing of sewage and solid waste in storm water drains, creation of mass awareness, waste minimization through recycling of waste, regular maintenance and upgradation of drains etc. Investment requirement in this sector will depend upon the District Level drainage Master Plans to be prepared by the respective State Governments and the Integrated Regional Drainage Plan.

9.4 IRRIGATION

9.4.1 Background and existing situation: Irrigation and Water Resources Department is the principal department of the Haryana state for development and management of surface water resources, operation, maintenance & construction of canals and watercourses, flood control & management, river training works. One of the main responsibilities of the department is to ensure availability of water from various rivers according to the various interstate agreements & orders and further equitable distribution in the State for irrigation and other uses.

Canal System For supply of irrigation water, Haryana has developed an extensive irrigation network consisting of 1479 channels having a length of 14541.81 km. There are two main canal systems in Haryana namely Bhakra Canal System & Western Yamuna Canal System. Bhakra Canal System with the Culturable Command Area (CCA) of 12.91 Lac Hectares receives water from Haryana’s share in Satluj, Ravi and Beas Rivers whereas Western Yamuna Canal System with the CCA of 8.62 Lac Hectares receives Haryana’s share in Yamuna River. Both the systems have been linked with each other so as to use the water from one system in other and vice versa. Lift Irrigation System having CCA of 8.19 Lac Hectares was constructed to lift water upto 464 feet in stages to provide canal water by gravity flow to adversely sloping areas.

The NCR area of Haryana has a well-connected canal system for irrigation and this system also provides raw water for drinking water schemes of major towns. This system is fed water from both the sources i.e. Bhakra canal system and Yamuna canal system. Since many areas in NCR, particularly the districts of Rewari, Jhajjar, Rohtak and Mewat, are at higher elevation, this area is given water by the Lift Irrigation System. The National Capital of Delhi is also supplied water for drinking needs and for irrigation from the canal system of Haryana. In recent times, Haryana has constructed two canals namely NCR Channel and Carrier Lined Channel for supplying water to NCR areas of Gurgaon & adjoin areas and Delhi respectively. Thus the present canal system of Haryana is well developed not only for the State but also for the area of Haryana falling in NCR.

Water Requirement:

Drinking water requirement for the Haryana Sub-Region in the year 2005 was 460 MCM and the projections for the year 2021 are 789 MCM. The estimated annual water demand of the Sub-Region in the year 2021 for drinking water, industry and agriculture is projected to be 9775 MCM as mentioned below:

Drinking Water : 789 MCM/annum Industrial use : 286 MCM/annum Irrigation : 8700 MCM/annum Total Demand : 9775 MCM/annum

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This water requirement cannot be met from river Yamuna alone. The average annual water availability of river Yamuna up to Delhi has been assessed at 12,000 MCM. The Ganga basin is also water deficit up to Allahabad. Present canal system of Yamuna, Ganga and Bhakra Beas meet the surface water demand of NCR and NCT-Delhi. A part of the demand is also met from ground water. However, entire NCR, including Haryana Sub-Region, has been witnessing decline in ground water levels. A more detailed analysis of ground water availability and decline in water levels is given in chapter 8 on Water.

9.4.2 Issues and Challenges Since Haryana does not have a perennial source of surface water, the State draws its share in waters of the rivers of Satluj, Ravi and Beas of Indus basin and river Yamuna of Ganga basin. But the availability of water is far less than 50% (including surface water and groundwater) of the total demand and the State is even unable to draw its allocated legitimate share due to non-completion of Satluj Yamuna Link canal and linking of BML-Hansi Branch-Butana Branch Multipurpose Link Channel.

In such a scenario, multi-pronged approach needs to be adopted, i.e. demand management instead of supply management, conservation of available water, augmenting availability of water by adopting short- term and long-term measures. In short-term, early completion of SYL canal and linking of BML-Hansi- Branch-Butana Branch Multipurpose Link Channel can substantially increase availability of water to NCR. Further, completion of upstream storage dams namely Renuka, Kishau & Lakhwar Vyasi on river Yamuna and Sarda-Yamuna Link proposed by NWDA are long term measures ensuring availability of water for NCR areas of Haryana.

(a) Lack of Ground Water Recharging Resulting in the Depletion of Ground Water The rate of development of the groundwater resources is unsustainable with most of the districts of the Haryana Sub-Region of NCR sliding into the dark zone category. This is due to lack of ground water recharging, higher rate of withdrawal; fast pace of urbanization and reduction in run off time for rainwater. Thus, recharge of groundwater needs to be taken upon priority.

(b) Sources Outside the Region Planning and development in the Sub-Region, for the existing situation, is based upon the assurance of water supply from the three proposed dams in the Himalayas, for augmenting surface flow. The infrastructure work on these dams is held up for want of clearances. Even if the construction is initiated immediately, these dams would not be ready for use for next 10-15 years, thus jeopardizing the water supply. Further, an MOU was signed on 12.05.1994 between the Chief Ministers of the Co-basin States of Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh and NCT Delhi regarding annual allocation of water with an objective to take care of the irrigation and consumptive drinking water needs. As per this agreement, annual allocation to Haryana is 5730 MCM. The MOU also provides for separate agreement to be executed in respect of each storage identified in the Upper Yamuna river basin within the overall allocation made under the agreement.

9.4.3 Policies and Proposals Haryana is deficit in availability of water as to the State is only 14 MAF as compared to the requirement of 36 MAF. Moreover, demand of water is likely to increase with the development of NCR. In such a scenario, multi-pronged approach needs to be adopted, i.e. demand management instead of supply management, conservation of available water, augmenting availability of water by adopting short-term and long-term

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measures. In short-term, (i) immediate commissioning of Carrier Lined Channel, (ii) early completion of SYL canal and (iii) linking of BML-Hansi-Branch-Butana Branch Multipurpose Link Channel can substantially increase availability of water to NCR. Further, (i) completion of upstream storage dams namely Renuka, Kishau & Lakhwar Vyasi on river Yamuna and (ii) Sarda-Yamuna Link proposed by NWDA are long term measures for water resource availability of NCR. Another important issue is pollution of Yamuna river while passing through 22 km stretch in Delhi area. Proper treatment of wastewater and effluent will also provide water for secondary uses, which will reduce burden on demand of freshwater.

Haryana Irrigation and Water Resources Department has an extensive network of irrigation channels which is catering to the irrigation and drinking water needs of the areas of Haryana falling in NCR and a comprehensive plan needs to be prepared for keeping the system always functional by taking suitable structural measures.

(i) Artificial Recharging and Ground Water Harvesting: a) Artificial recharge through rainwater harvesting in ponds, Yamuna flood plains, paleo-channels, ox- bow channels, construction of small check dams at favorable locations in part of the Ridge for recharge, etc. b) Utilizing surplus canal water during monsoon period for recharging the depleted aquifers. c) Roof-top rainwater harvesting has been made mandatory in building bye-laws.

(ii) Demand Management of Water: a) It is expected that the treated waste water from sewerage system in the region would be around 387 MCM per annum which must be put for agricultural/non-potable use to reduce the overall demand for water for irrigation purposes. b) It is expected that water requirement for industrial purposes by the year 2021 in the region would be 286 MCM per annum, therefore, it is recommended that water based industries should not be allowed in the region. c) Drip Irrigation method should be promoted in the region to save water from irrigation sector. Even if 25% of the water is saved, it would amount to saving of 2175 MCM per annum. d) Decentralization of authority, responsibility and technical units along with community awareness, participation and monitoring of various aspects is a must for any successful water resource management system.

(iii) Plan of Action and Phasing of Implementation of Strategies/Policies/Proposals In order to implement the policies of irrigation in the sub-region, it is imperative to have a phase wise plan of action so that the implementation of policies and proposals can be dovetailed in the five-year plans. These include Integrated Water Resource Management Approach for the region for optimum water resources utilization and demand management, augmentation of water resources by adopting rainwater harvesting (micro and macro) and recycling/reuse of treated waste water, adopting sprinkler/drip irrigation. Investment Plan shall be prepared at micro level planning at the town/district level by the concerned Department.

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Annexure 9.1: Sewerage, Solid Waste Management and Drainage projects (completed) funded by NCRPB in the Haryana Sub-region and CMAs as on December, 2013.

S. Name of the projects Implementing Estimated cost Loan Loan No. agency (Rs in Cr.) sanctioned released (Rs in Cr.) (Rs in Cr.) 1 Augmentation and Extension of Water PHED 71.55 53.66 53.66 supply and Sewerage facilities in various towns of Haryana (8 projects included) 2 Providing Master Sewerage Scheme for HUDA 24.14 18.00 4.50 Trunk Sewer No. 4 Urban Estate Gurgaon 3 Providing sewerage system to new PHED 2.72 2.04 2.04 approved colonies in Gohana Town Dist. Sonipat 4 Providing sewerage facilities in Palwal PHED 9.76 7.32 6.84 5 Providing sewerage system for new PHED 11.94 8.95 8.95 colonies in Hodal town 6 Augmentation and Extension of PHED 5.85 4.39 4.39 Sewerage Scheme in Sohna town 7 Extension of Sewerage System in new PHED 3.66 2.75 1.92 colonies of Panipat town 8 Providing sewerage scheme & PHED 9.42 7.07 6.33 Treatment Plant for Sampla Town, Dist. Rohtak 9 Extension of Sewerage System and PHED 6.69 5.02 5.02 treatment of sewage in Kalanaur, Rohtak District 10 Extension of Sewerage System and PHED 7.08 5.31 4.15 treatment of sewage in Beri District Jhajjar 11 Solid Waste Disposal & Repair in 16 HSCB 56.56 42.42 21.21 Towns, Haryana 12 Extension of Sewerage Scheme and PHED 9.65 7.24 7.24 treatment of sewage in Meham Town, District Rohtak 13 Providing Sewerage facilities in Rewari PHED 12.24 9.18 5.51 Town 14 Extension of Sewerage System and PHED 17.21 12.91 9.76 treatment of sewerage in Bahadurgarh, Dist. Jhajjar 15 Providing sewerage scheme for various PHED 8.29 6.22 6.22 colonies in Sonipat Town 16 Providing sewerage system and STP for PHED 8.10 6.08 5.68 Samalkha Town 17 Revamping of Sewerage System and MCF 103.83 23.36 23.36 Sewage Treatment Works in Faridabad 18 Infrastructure Development Works MCF 30.65 6.90 6.90 (Drainage) in Old Faridabad Zone Faridabad 19 Integrated Solid Waste Management MCF 76.50 17.20 17.20 Project Faridabad 20 Augmentation & Extension of Water PHED 15.93 11.95 11.95 Supply/Sewerage Scheme in Hissar Total 491.77 257.97 212.83 Source: NCRPB

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Annexure 9.2: Sewerage, Solid Waste Management and Drainage projects (ongoing) funded by NCRPB in the Haryana Sub-region and CMAs as on December, 2013.

S. Name of the Projects Implementing Date of Estimated Loan Actual Loan No. agency sanction cost(in Cr) Sanctioned Amount (Rs in Cr.) released (till Dec 13) 1 Development of Sewerage PHED Feb-06 44.25 33.20 33.20 System and Construction of two STPs at Rohtak town 2 Extension of sewerage system PHED Oct-07 6.29 4.71 3.77 and treatment of sewage in Bawal Dist. Rewari 3 Providing sewerage facilities in PHED Oct-07 8.70 6.53 5.22 village Kosli, Bhakli and Railway station area of Kosli, Dist. Rewari 4 Extension of sewerage system PHED Feb-08 15.08 11.31 11.31 and treatment of sewage in Ganaur Dist. Sonepat 5 Providing sewerage scheme & PHED Feb-08 6.50 4.88 4.00 Treatment Plant for Kharkhoda Town, District Sonepat 6 Providing sewerage scheme & PHED Jun-09 16.00 9.18 7.98 Treatment Plant for Gohana Town, District Sonepat 7 Providing sewerage scheme & PHED Aug-11 14.50 10.87 3.26 Treatment Plant for Pataudi & Haily Mandi Town (Phase-1), Gurgaon district 8 Providing sewerage scheme for PHED Aug-11 12.50 9.37 2.81 Punhana Town in Mewat Distt. 9 Providing sewerage scheme & PHED Aug-11 10.27 7.71 5.01 Treatment Plant for Nuh Town, Mewat District 10 Providing sewerage scheme & PHED Aug-11 12.3 9.23 2.77 Treatment Plant for Hathin Town, Palwal District 11 Providing sewerage scheme & PHED Nov-11 11.48 8.61 0.00 Treatment Plant for Farrukh Nagar Town, Gurgaon District 12 Construction of Storm Water PHED Dec-12 21.72 16.29 4.89 Drain in Sonepat Town Haryana Total 179.58 131.88 84.22 Source: NCRPB

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Annexure 9-3: Schedules of MSW Rules notified by MoEF The Schedule II of MSW Rules notified by MoEF details the practices that may be followed wart. Collection, segregation, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal. Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handing) Rules, 2000 Extracts from the Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handing) Rules, 2000 that are particularly relevant to the purposes of the current project have been included below. These rules, notified by the Government of India, Ministry of Environment and Forests, apply to every municipal authority responsible for collection, segregation, storage, transportation, processing and disposal of municipal solid wastes. Roles & Responsibilities.

 Municipal Authority 1. Every municipal authority shall, within the territorial area of the municipality, be responsible for the implementation of the provisions of these rules, and for any infrastructure development for collection, storage, segregation, transportation, processing and disposal of municipal solid wastes. 2. The municipal authority or an operator of a facility shall make an application for grant of authorization for setting up waste processing and disposal facility including landfills from the State Board or the Committee. 3. The municipal authority shall comply with these rules as per the implementation schedule laid down in Schedule-I.

 State Governments and the Union territory Administrations o The Secretary-in-charge of the Department of Urban Development of the concerned State or the Union territory, as the case may be, shall have the overall responsibility for the enforcement of the provisions of the rules in the metropolitan cities. o The District Magistrate or the Deputy Commissioner of the concerned district shall have the overall responsibility for the enforcement of the provisions of the rules within the territorial limits of their jurisdiction.

 Responsibility of Central Pollution Control Board and State Board or Committees o The State Board or the Committee, after the receipt of application from the municipal authority for grant of authorization for setting up waste processing and disposal facility including landfills, shall examine the proposal taking into consideration the views of other agencies. o The State Board or the Committee shall issue the authorization to the municipal authority or an operator of a facility within forty-five days stipulating compliance criteria and standards as specified including such other conditions, as may be necessary. o The Central Pollution Control Board shall co-ordinate with the State Boards and the Committees with particular reference to implementation and review of standards and guidelines and compilation of monitoring data.

 Management of municipal solid wastes o Any municipal solid waste generated in a city or a town, shall be managed and handled in accordance with the compliance criteria and the procedure laid down in Schedule-II o The waste processing and disposal facilities to be set up by the municipal authority on their own or through an operator of a facility shall meet the specifications and standards as specified in Schedules III and IV.

The Rules are included under four Schedules corresponding to different aspects of waste management. The four schedules are –

> Schedule I: Implementation Schedule > Schedule II: Management of municipal solid waste > Schedule III: Specifications for landfill sites > Schedule IV: Standards for Composting, Treated Leachates and Incineration

Schedule I : Implementation Schedule Compliance Criteria Schedule Setting up of waste processing and disposal facilities By 31.12.2003 or earlier Monitoring the performance of waste processing and disposal facilities Once in six months Improvement of existing landfill sites as per provisions of these rules By 31.12.2001 or earlier Identification of landfill sites for future use and making sites ready for operation By 31.12.2002 or earlier

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Schedule II: Management of municipal solid waste 1 Collection 1. Littering of municipal solid waste shall be prohibited in cities, towns and in urban areas notified . of by the State Governments. To prohibit littering and facilitate compliance, the following steps municipal shall be taken by the municipal authority, namely :- solid i. Organizing house-to-house collection of municipal solid wastes through any of the methods, wastes like community bin collection (central bin), house-to-house collection, collection on regular pre-informed timings and scheduling by using bell ringing of musical vehicle (without exceeding permissible noise levels); ii. Devising collection of waste from slums and squatter areas or localities including hotels, restaurants, office complexes and commercial areas; iii. Wastes from slaughter houses, meat and fish markets, fruits and vegetable markets, which are biodegradable in nature, shall be managed to make use of such wastes; iv. Bio-medical wastes and industrial wastes shall not be mixed with municipal solid wastes and such wastes shall follow the rules separately specified for the purpose; v. Collected waste from residential and other areas shall be transferred to community bin by hand-driven containerized carts or other small vehicles; vi. Horticultural and construction or demolition wastes or debris shall be separately collected and disposed off following proper norms. Similarly, wastes generated at dairies shall be regulated in accordance with the State laws; vii. Waste (garbage, dry leaves) shall not be burnt; viii. Stray animals shall not be allowed to move around waste storage facilities or at any other place in the city or town and shall be managed in accordance with the State laws. 2. The municipal authority shall notify waste collection schedule and the likely method to be adopted for public benefit in a city or town. 3. It shall be the responsibility of generator of wastes to avoid littering and ensure delivery of wastes in accordance with the collection and segregation system to be notified by the municipal authority as per para 1(2) of this Schedule. 2 Segregation In order to encourage the citizens, municipal authority shall organize awareness programmes for . of segregation of wastes and shall promote recycling or reuse of segregated materials. The municipal municipal authority shall undertake phased programme to ensure community participation in waste solid segregation. For this purpose, regular meetings at quarterly intervals shall be arranged by the wastes municipal authorities with representatives of local resident welfare associations and non-governmental organizations. 3 Storage of Municipal authorities shall establish and maintain storage facilities in such a manner as . municipal they do not create unhygienic any insanitary conditions around it. Following criteria shall be solid wastes taken into account while establishing and maintaining storage facilities, namely :- i. Storage facilities shall be created and established by taking into account quantities of waste generation in a given area and the population densities. A storage facility shall be so placed that it is accessible to users; ii. Storage facilities to be set up by municipal authorities or any other agency shall be so designed that wastes stored are not exposed to open atmosphere and shall be aesthetically acceptable and user-friendly; iii. Storage facilities or bins shall have easy to operate design for handling, transfer and transportation of waste. Bins for storage of bio-degradable wastes shall be painted green, those for storage of recyclable wastes shall be printed white and those for storage of other wastes shall be printed black; iv. Manual handling of waste shall be prohibited. If unavoidable due to constraints, manual handling shall be carried out under proper precaution with due care for safety of workers. 4 Transportati Vehicles used for transportation of wastes shall be covered. Waste should not be visible to public, . on nor exposed to open environment preventing their scattering. The following criteria shall be met, of namely:- municipal i. The storage facilities set up by municipal authorities shall be daily attended for clearing of solid wastes wastes. The bins or containers wherever placed shall be cleaned before they start overflowing;

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ii. Transportation vehicles shall be so designed that multiple handling of wastes, prior to final disposal, is avoided. 5 Processing Municipal authorities shall adopt suitable technology or combination of such technologies to make . of use of wastes so as to minimize burden on landfill. Following criteria shall be adopted, namely:- municipal i. The biodegradable wastes shall be processed by composting, vermin-composting, anaerobic solid wastes digestion or any other appropriate biological processing for stabilization of wastes. It shall be ensured that compost or any other end product shall comply with standards as specified in Schedule-IV; ii. Mixed waste containing recoverable resources shall follow the route of recycling. Incineration with or without energy recovery including pelletisation can also be used for processing wastes in specific cases. Municipal authority or the operator of a facility wishing to use other state-of- the-art technologies shall approach the Central Pollution Control Board to get the standards laid down before applying for grant of authorization. 6 Disposal of Land filling shall be restricted to non-biodegradable, inert waste and other waste that are not . municipal suitable either for recycling or for biological processing. Land filling shall also be carried out for solid wastes residues of waste processing facilities as well as pre-processing rejects from waste processing facilities. Land filling of mixed waste shall be avoided unless the same is found unsuitable for waste processing. Under unavoidable circumstances or till installation of alternate facilities, land-filling shall be done following proper norms. Landfill sites shall meet the specifications as given in Schedule III.

Schedule III - Specifications for Landfill Sites An extract of the Schedule III of MSW Rules below lays down the site selection criteria and facilities required on site. The schedule also gives Specifications of landfill sites, Closure of landfill sites, special provisions for hilly areas, plantation at the site, Pollution prevention and monitoring guidelines of ambient air and water quality which has been annexed for reference. 1. In areas falling under the jurisdiction of Development Authorities it shall be the responsibility of such Development Authorities to identify the landfill sites and hand over the sites to the concerned municipal authority for development, operation and maintenance. Elsewhere, this responsibility shall lie with the concerned municipal authority. 2. Selection of landfill sites shall be based on examination of environmental issues. The Department of Urban Development of the State or the Union territory shall co-ordinate with the concerned organizations for obtaining the necessary approvals and clearances. 3. The landfill site shall be planned and designed with proper documentation of a phased construction plan as well as a closure plan. 4. The landfill sites shall be selected to make use of nearby wastes processing facility. Otherwise, wastes processing facility shall be planned as an integral part of the landfill site. 5. The existing landfill sites which continue to be used for more than five years shall be improved in accordance of the specifications given in this Schedule. 6. Biomedical wastes shall be disposed off in accordance with the Bio-medical Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998 and hazardous wastes shall be managed in accordance with the Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989, as amended from time to time. 7. The landfill site shall be large enough to last for 20-25 years. 8. The landfill site shall be away from habitation clusters, forest areas, water bodies monuments, National Parks, Wetlands and places of important cultural, historical or religious interest. 9. A buffer zone of no-development shall be maintained around landfill site and shall be incorporated in the Town Planning Departments land-use plans. 10. Landfill site shall be away from airport including airbase. Necessary approval of airport or airbase authorities prior to the setting up of the landfill site shall be obtained in cases where the site is to be located within 20 km of an airport or airbase. Facilities at the Site 11. Landfill site shall be fenced or hedged and provided with proper gate to monitor incoming vehicles or other modes of transportation. 12. The landfill site shall be well protected to prevent entry of unauthorized persons and stray animals. 13. Approach and other internal roads for free movement of vehicles and other machinery shall exist at the landfill site.

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14. The landfill site shall have wastes inspection facility to monitor wastes brought in for landfill, office facility for record keeping and shelter for keeping equipment and machinery including pollution monitoring equipments. 15. Provisions like weigh bridge to measure quantity of waste brought at landfill site, fire protection equipments and other facilities as may be required shall be provided. 16. Utilities such as drinking water (preferably bathing facilities for workers) and lighting arrangements for easy landfill operations when carried out in night hours shall be provided. 17. Safety provisions including health inspections of workers at landfill site shall be periodically made. Specifications for land filling 18. Wastes subjected to land filling shall be compacted in thin layers using landfill compactors to achieve high density of the wastes. In high rainfall areas where heavy compactors cannot be used alternative measures shall be adopted. 19. Wastes shall be covered immediately or at the end of each working day with minimum 10 cm of soil, inert debris or construction material till such time waste processing facilities for composting or recycling or energy recovery are set up as per Schedule I. 20. Prior to the commencement of monsoon season, an intermediate cover of 40-65 cm thickness of soil shall be placed on the landfill with proper compaction and grading to prevent infiltration during monsoon. Proper drainage berms shall be constructed to divert run-off away from the active cell of the landfill. 21. After completion of landfill, a final cover shall be designed to minimize infiltration and erosion. The final cover shall meet the following specifications, namely :-- a. The final cover shall have a barrier soil layer comprising of 60 cms of clay or amended soil with permeability coefficient less that 1 x 10-7 cm/sec. b. On top of the barrier soil layer there shall be a drainage layer of 15 cm. c. On top of the drainage layer there shall be a vegetative layer of 45 cm to support natural plant growth and to minimize erosion. Pollution prevention 22. In order to prevent pollution problems from landfill operations, the following provisions shall be made, namely :- a. Diversion of storm water drains to minimize leachate generation and prevent pollution of surface water and also for avoiding flooding and creation of marshy conditions; b. Construction of a non-permeable lining system at the base and walls of waste disposal area. For landfill receiving residues of waste processing facilities or mixed waste or waste having contamination of hazardous materials (such as aerosols, bleaches, polishes, batteries, waste oils, paint products and pesticides) minimum liner specifications shall be a composite barrier having 1.5 mm high density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane, or equivalent, overlying 90 cm of soil (clay or amended soil) having permeability coefficient not greater than 1 x 10-7 cm/sec. The highest level of water table shall be at least two meter below the base of clay or amended soil barrier layer; c. Provisions for management of leachates collection and treatment shall be made. The treated leachates shall meet the standards specified in Schedule- IV; d. Prevention of run-off from landfill area entering any stream, river, lake or pond. Water Quality Monitoring 23. Before establishing any landfill site, baseline data of ground water quality in the area shall be collected and kept in record for future reference. The ground water quality within 50 metres of the periphery of landfill site shall be periodically monitored to ensure that the ground water is not contaminated beyond acceptable limit as decided by the Ground Water Board or the State Board or the Committee. Such monitoring shall be carried out to cover different seasons in a year that is, summer, monsoon and post-monsoon period. 24. Usage of groundwater in and around landfill sites for any purpose (including drinking and irrigation) is to be considered after ensuring its quality. The following specifications for drinking water quality shall apply for monitoring purpose, namely :- S.No. Parameters IS 10500: 1991 Desirable limit ( mg/l except for pH) 1 Arsenic 0.05 2 Cadmium 0.01 3 Chromium 0.05 4 Copper 0.05 5 Cyanide 0.05 6 Lead 0.05 7 Mercury 0.001 8 Nickel -

9 Nitrate as NO3 45 10 PH 6.5-8.5 11 Iron 0.3

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S.No. Parameters IS 10500: 1991 Desirable limit ( mg/l except for pH)

12 Total hardness (as CaCO3) 300 13 Chlorides 250 14 Dissolved solids 500

15 Phenolic compounds (as C6H5OH) 0.001 16 Zinc 5

17 Sulphate (as SO4) 200

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 25. Installation of landfill gas control system including gas collection system shall be made at landfill site to minimize odour generation, prevent off-site migration of gases and to protect vegetation planted on the rehabilitated landfill surface. 26. The concentration of methane gas generated at landfill site shall not exceed 25 per cent of the lower explosive limit (LEL). 27. The landfill gas from the collection facility at a landfill site shall be utilized for either direct thermal applications or power generation, as per viability. Otherwise, landfill gas shall be burnt (flared) and shall not be allowed to directly escape to the atmosphere or for illegal tapping. Passive venting shall be allowed if its utiliztion or flaring is not possible. 28. Ambient air quality at the landfill site and at the vicinity shall be monitored to meet the following specified standards, namely :- S.No. Parameters Acceptable levels (i) Sulphur dioxide 120 mg/m3 ( 24 hours) (ii) Suspended Particulate Matter 500 mg/m3 (iii) Methane Not to exceed 25 per cent of the lower explosive limit (equivalent to 650 mg/m3 ) (iv) Ammonia daily average(Sample duration 24 hrs) 0.4 mg/m3 (400 (v) Carbon monoxide 1 hour average : 2 mg/m3 8 hour average : 1 mg/m3 29. The ambient air quality monitoring shall be carried out by the concerned authority as per the following schedule, namely:- (a) Six times in a year for cities having population of more than fifty lakhs; (b) Four times in a year for cities having population between ten and fifty lakhs; (c) Two times in a year for town or cities having population between one and ten lakhs. Plantation at Landfill Site 30. A vegetative cover shall be provided over the completed site in accordance with the and following specifications, namely :- (a) Selection of locally adopted non-edible perennial plants that are resistant to drought and extreme temperatures shall be allowed to grow; (b) The plants grown be such that their roots do not penetrate more than 30 cms. This condition shall apply till the landfill is stabilized; (c) Selected plants shall have ability to thrive on low-nutrient soil with minimum nutrient addition; (d) Plantation to be made in sufficient density to minimize soil erosion. Closure of Landfill Site and Post-care 31. The post-closure care of landfill site shall be conducted for at least fifteen years and long term monitoring or care plan shall consist of the following, namely :- (a) Maintaining the integrity and effectiveness of final cover, making repairs and preventing run-on and runoff from eroding or otherwise damaging the final cover; (b) Monitoring leachate collection system in accordance with the requirement; (c) Monitoring of ground water in accordance with requirements and maintaining ground water quality; (d) Maintaining and operating the landfill gas collection system to meet the standards. 32. Use of closed landfill sites after fifteen years of post-closure monitoring can be considered for human settlement or otherwise only after ensuring that gaseous and leachate analyses comply with the specified standards.

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