CENSUS OF INDIA, 1961 PUNJAB DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK No.4 KARNAL DISTRICT R. L.ANAND Superintendent of Census Opera/iv,. and Enumeration Commissioner, Punjab Published by the Government of Punjab 1966 KARNAL DISTRICT {. Q. MIL.ES 10 5 o 10 IS 0 IS KIL.OMETRES , n· REFERENCE ... ... Jj STATE BOUNDAR\, pUNJAB DISTRICT BOUNDAR\, -- TAHSIL BOUNDARY \ RAILWAY METAL.LED ROAD ROAD UN PER CO HSTRUCTION DISTT. BOARD] METALLED , ROADS UNMETALLED RIVER CANAL DISTRICT HEADOUARTERS ® TAHSI~ HEADQUARTERS o URBAN CENTIH • CENSUS OF INDIA 1961 A-CENTRAL GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS The publications relating to punjab bear Volume No. XIII, and are bound separately as follows:- Part I-A General Report Part IV-B Tables on Housing and Establish­ m'ents Part I-B Report on Vital Statistics Part V-A Special Tables on Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Part I-C(i) Subsidiary Tables Part V-B Ethnographic Notes on Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Part I-C(ii) Subsidiary Tables Part ll-A General Population Tables Part VI Village Survey Monographs 44 in number, each relating to an individual village Part H-B (i) Gen:!ral Economic Tables (Tables Part VIl-A RePort on Selected Handicrafts B-1 to B-IV, B-VDI and B-IX) Part I1-B(ii) General Economic Tables (Tables Part VIl~B Report and Tables on Fairs and B-V to B-VI!) Festivals Part II-CCi) Social and Cultural Tables Part VIiI-A Admini'sttative Report Enumera- tion (Not for sale) Part II-CCii) Migration Tables Part VIU-B Administrative Report Tabula- tion (Not for sale) Part III Household Economic Tables Part IV-A Report on Housing and Establish- Part IX . Socio-Economic Atlas ments ~PUNJAB GOVERNMENT PUBLlCATfONS 19 Volumes of District Census Handbcoks :- DCH~I Hissar DCH-lI Ludhiana DCH-2 Rohtak DCR-I2 FerozePur DCH-3 GUrgaol ~H-13 Amritsar DCH-4 Karnal - H 14 Gurdaspur f - DCH-5 Amblla ~CH-15 Kapur~hala DCH-6 Simla DCH-16 Bhatinda DCH.. 7 K~ngra DCH-I7 Sangrur DCH-8 Llhaul & Spiti DCH-I8 Patiala DCH-9 Hoshiarpur DCH-19 Mahendragarh DCH-IO Jullundur PREFACE· . The m~in reports and statistical vo!umes pertaining to the 1961.-cen.sus fall u~der three broad groups on the basIs of terrItory coverage. The All-India Reports and Tables complIed m the offIce of the Registrar General, India, encompass the entire country. The reports compiled by the State Superintendents relate to individual States and Centrally Administered Territories. The third group consists of District Census Handbooks, the scope of which is limite? to individual D!stricts, and they give infor~ation for each town and village. The Hand­ books have been compiled by the SuperIntendent of Census OpermilOns, but ar~ published by the State Govern­ ment. The District Census Handbooks were published for the first time at the 1951-census. They proved very useful with the officers working in Community Development Blocks, Tahsils and Districts, and were consul­ ted in connection with elections and by students of social sciences interested in local problems. It was, therefore, decided to continue with this series at the 1961-census. This Handbook contains the essential census data for each village and town (according to wards) in the District. Besides, some very useful information collected from various State Departments has been included in it, trying to make it a self-contained book of reference for the District. The book is divided into four parts. Part I is mostly descriptive and consists offOUT chapters. Chapter I introduces the District, giving information on its location, physical features, climate, fauna and flora, towns and places of interest, a brief history of the District and its administrative machinery. In Chapter II are discussed the use of land, main crops and irrigation, industries, trade and commerce, and communications. In Chapter III - the salient featUres of population are discussed. Chapter IV deals with social and developmental activities, and achievements during the First and Second Five-Year Plans. In Part II are presented the statistics seCUred from various Government Departments relating to rainfall, temperature, land utilisation, irrigation, area and yield of principal crops, livestock, industry, co-operation, education, printing and publishing, entertainments, medical and health, births and deaths, hansport and communications, community development activities, banks and insurance, and justice. Then comes a Table on the fairs and festivals in the District. The Tables relating to the 1961-census ~Te presented in Part III. Part IV contains a Directory of Villages and Towns, showing the location of educational institutions, hospitals and dispensaries, post and telegraph offices, electrification and protected water-supply; area ; number of occupied residential houses and households living therein; population; persons belonging to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes; number ofliterate and edu­ cated persons ; number of worker~ in nine broad industrial categories; and number of non-workers. 'the book contains severa'! maps. There is a map of the District showing the administrative boundaries, roads and railways, rivers and canals, and location of towns. Another map shows the distribution of population in the District by dots: the population of towns is shown b.y proportionate cricles ; and of rural areas by dots, one dot representing 200 persons. For each Tahsil in the District two types of maps have been prepared, one showing the location of social amenities, and the second showing the boundaries of villages and towns. These maps were prepared by Shri J.R. Kalia, Draftsman in our office. This publication is the outcoine of the joint efforts of a large number of workers and Government Departments, and grateful acknowledgement is made of the help received from them. Within the Census Organisa­ tion mention needs to be made of Shri Jaswant Singh Dilawary, Statistical Assistant and Shri Vishwa Milter, Supervisor, under the supervision of Shri T. P. Garg, p.e.s., Deputy Superintendent of Census Operations, for preparing the Tables appearing in Part II and of Shri Goverdhan Dass Singla, Statistical Assistant and Sarvshri Dharain Paul Jain and loginder Nath Suri, 'tabulation Assistants, under the supervision ofShri Pawan Kumar, Tabulation OffIcer, for preparing the Tables appearing in Parts III and IV. Sarvsl\ri Dharam Paul Jain and Ajab Lal Kakkar helped in correcting the proofs in the Pr,ess. Shri Sita Ram, P.C.S., Deputy Superintendent of Census Operations,'Punjab,pa,id a number of visits to the Karnal District, and after collecting information by personal observations and discus&ions with a la.rge number of persons, produced the draft of this Handbook. , My thanks are due also to Shri K.C. Kuriyan, Controller of Printing & Stationery, Punjab, and his Deputy, Shri P. S. Walia, for their personal attention in the printing of the book. R. L. ANAND, CHANDIGARH : Superintendent of Census Operations, August ·23, 1966. and Enumeration CommissiQner, PlUljab. CONTENTS PAGE pREFACE iii pART r,-INTRODUCrtON TO THE J>rsnucT 1-43 Chapter I.._ Introduction 3 Chapter II-Economy 17 Chapter II~__Population 27 Chapter IV -Social and Developmental 4,etivities 35 PART R-DEPARTMENTAL STAnSTlCS 45-123 Explanatory Note 49 Tables 55 PART IlL-CENSUS TABLES 125-283 Explanatory Note 131 Tables 160 PART IV-DIltECTOR¥ OF VILLAGES AND TOWNS 285-380 Explanatory Note 286 Directory 288 Alphabetical List of Villages 365 MAPS Administrative Map of Kamal District Frontispiece K.arnal District Map showing Population Facing page 27 Maps offour Tahsils showing location of Schools, Dispensaries & Post offices Facing page 35 Maps of four Tahsils showing boundaries of Villages Facing pages 367, 371,375, &. 379 · PART I INTRODUCTION TO THE DISTRIC1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Name.-The District of Kamal is named after its headquarters town, Karnal. The town is said to have been founded by Kama, half-brother of the Pandvas mentioned in the Mahabharta. Location and Boundaries.-The District lies along the eastern boundary of Punjab, between 29° 09' 50" and 30· 15'15" north latitude and 76° 10'10" and 77 0 17'05" east longitude. The river Jamuna forms its eastern boundary; the Districts of Saharanpur, Muzzafa~nagar and Meerut. of .Uttar Pradesh face it across t~e :iver. It is bounded by Ambala District on the north, Patlala and Sangrur Dlstncts on the west and Rohtak Dlstnct on the south. Area (Table A-l)* .-The District covers 3,062 sq. miles according to the Surveyor General of India, and 3,075 sq. miles according to the Director of Land Records, Punjab. The .difference ):>etween the two sets offigures is due to the different methods of measurement adopted by the two agenCIes. In thIS text the figures as supplied by the Director of Land Records, Punjab, which are also referred to as figures according to village papers, have been utilised. Karnal is the fifth biggest District in Punjab, the first four being Kangra (6,292.3 sq. miles), Hissar(5,363.3 sq. miles), Ferozepur (3,887.6 sq. miles), and Lahaul & Spiti (3,700.8 sq. miles). It is divided into four tahsils : AREA (sq. miles) Tahsil Total Rural Urban Kaithal 1,213.5 1,209.4 4.1 Thanesar 553.0 545.1 7.9 Karnal 846.5 840.5 6.0 Panipat 462.0 459.0 3.0 PHYSICAL FEATURES By and large, the district is a flat alluvial plan. It is traversed from north to south by the water-shed separating the drainage of the Jamuna river from that of the Ghaggar river. Located from six to twelve miles from the Jamuna, the water-shed is not easily perceptible. To the east of the water-shed lies the river<j.in tract of the Jamuna, called the Khadar. It is a low-lying area of new alluvium and marks the western limit of the excur­ sions of the Jamuna.