Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Environmental

Environmental Impact Assessment Report For Environmental Clearance Ligno- Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant At Gram Panchayat Baholi , Panipat Refinery Road , District Panipat, Haryana.

Category:-A, as per EIA notification dated 14/09/2006

[Schedule no. : 5(g) Distillery]

Technology Partner

PRAJ INDUSTRIES LIMITED, PUNE

Corporate Office :

'Praj Tower', 274 & 275, Bhumkar Chowk-Hinjewadi Road,

Hinjewadi, Pune-411057 Consultant appointed by Praj –

ABC TECHNO LABS INDIA PVT.LTD.

Corporate Office:

ABC Tower 400, 13th Street,SIDCO Industrial Estate (North Phase),

Ambattur – 600 098, Chennai Land Mark: Near National Productivity Council. Ph: 9566187777

Mumbai Office:

A-355, Balaji Bhavan, Plot No. 42 A, Sector 11, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai – 400614. Maharashtra, India, Tel: 022 27580044

www.abctechnolab.com [email protected] Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Environmental Clearance Ligno-Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant at Gram Panchayat Baholi, , Panipat Refinery Road, Panipat-132140 District Panipat, Haryana

Index

1.1 Applicability of EIA ...... 9

1.2 Environmental Settings: ...... 9

1.3 Process Operations involved at the plant ...... 9

The Project will comprise of following Sections/Process Operations: ...... 9

 Biomass Storage ...... 9

 Material Handling, Milling, Conveying and Wet washing...... 9

1.6.3 Risk Reduction Measures ...... 12

1.12 Economic Importance: ...... 14

1.13Social Importance ...... 14

STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE ...... 16

CHAPTER 1 ...... 25

INTRODUCTION...... 25

1.1 Background ...... 25

1.2 Purpose of Project ...... 25

1.3 Market Scenario ...... 26 1.3.1 Global Ethanol Scenario: ...... 26 1.3.2 Indian Ethanol Scenario:...... 26 Some of the key ethanol industry updates: ...... 28 1.3.3 Indian biomass (agricultural crop residues) availability ...... 28 1.3.4 Economic Importance: ...... 29 1.3.5 Social Importance ...... 29 1.3.6 Environmental Importance ...... 30

1.4 Need of EIA ...... 30

1.5 Terms of Reference ...... 30

1.6 Approach and Methodology ...... 31

1.7 Environmental Settings of the site ...... 32

1.8 Location of the Project ...... 32

1.9 EIA Report Presentation ...... 36

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Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Environmental Clearance Ligno-Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant at Gram Panchayat Baholi, , Panipat Refinery Road, Panipat-132140 District Panipat, Haryana

CHAPTER 2 ...... 38

PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 38

2.1 Introduction ...... 38

2.2 Project Location ...... 38

2.3 Technical Details of the Plant ...... 41

2.4 Process Operations involved at the plant ...... 42

The Project will comprise of following Sections/Process Operations: ...... 42

 Biomass Storage ...... 42

 Material Handling, Milling, Conveying and Wet washing...... 42

Table2.5: Basis of Design for considering 100 KLPD Plant ...... 44

Table 2.6 : Requirement of Inputs: ...... 44

STEAM CONSUMPTION ...... 44

TOTAL ELECTRICAL LOAD (ESTIMATED) ...... 44

2.7 Process Description ...... 44 2.7.1 Material Handling, Milling & Wet Washing Section: ...... 44 2.7.2 Pre Treatment Section ...... 45 2.7.3 Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Co Fermentation Section: ...... 46 2.7.4 Co -fermentation Section: ...... 46 2.7.5 Distillation Section: ...... 47 2.7.6 Dehydration Section: ...... 47 2.7.7 Solid -Liquid Separation ...... 48 2.7.8 Thin Slop Evaporation ...... 48 2.7.9 Process Condensate Polishing Unit ...... 48

2.10 Output ...... 48

2.10 Estimated Capital Investment ...... 49

CHAPTER 3 ...... 50

DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT ...... 50

3.1 Introduction ...... 50

3.2 Scope of Baseline Study ...... 50

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3.3 Climate and Meteorology ...... 52 3.3.1 Temperature ...... 53 3.3.2 Relative Humidity ...... 53 3.3.3 Atmospheric Pressure ...... 53 3.3.4 Rainfall ...... 53

3.4 Topography and Geology ...... 54 3.4.1 Topography ...... 54 3.4.2 Geology ...... 54

3.5 Ambient Air Quality ...... 55 3.5.1 Methodology for Monitoring and Analysis ...... 55 3.5.3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations ...... 56 3.5.4 Status of Ambient Air Quality ...... 57

3.6 Water Environment ...... 67 3.6.1 Ground Water Quality ...... 67

3.7 Noise Environment ...... 75 3.7.1 Ambient Noise Monitoring ...... 75 3.7.2 Noise Levels in the Study Area ...... 75

3.8 Soil Environment ...... 76 3.8.1 Field Study, Sampling and Analysis ...... 76 3.8.2 Selection of Sampling Locations ...... 76 3.8.3 Methodology ...... 77 3.8.5 Observation ...... 78

3.9 Socio Economic Environment ...... 79 3.9.1 Demographic Aspects ...... 80 3.9.2 Infrastructure Facilities ...... 81 3.9.3 Traffic Analysis...... 82

3.10 Ecology ...... 84 3.10.1 Study Methodology ...... 84 3.10.2 Terrestrial Ecology ...... 84 3.10.3 Aquatic Ecology ...... 86

CHAPTER 4 ...... 95

ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 95

 Air Environment ...... 96

 Water Environment ...... 96

 Noise Environment ...... 96

 Soil/ Land Environment ...... 96

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 Biological Environment ...... 96

 Socioeconomic Environment ...... 96

 Occupational health and Safety Environment ...... 96

MITIGATION MEASURES: ...... 99

AIR ENVIRONMENT (OPERATION PHASE) ...... 100

MITIGATION MEASURES: ...... 100

TABLE 4.2: GENERAL COMPOSITION OF RICE HUSK, RICE STRAW AND INDIAN COAL ...... 101

MITIGATION MEASURES: ...... 105

WATER ENVIRONMENT (OPERATION PHASE) ...... 105

LAND ENVIRONMENT (OPERATION PHASE) ...... 107

MITIGATION MEASURES: ...... 108

4.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT (CONSTRUCTION PHASE) ...... 108

MITIGATION MEASURES: ...... 108

NOISE ENVIRONMENT (OPERATION PHASE) ...... 109

MITIGATION MEASURES: ...... 109

IMPACT FROM TRANSPORTATION OF RAW MATERIALS AND FINISHED PRODUCTS ...... 109

TABLE 4.6: TYPES OF VEHICLES, FREQUENCY ON NH- NEAR PROJECT SITE ...... 110

4.6 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT (CONSTRUCTION PHASE) ...... 110

BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT (OPERATION PHASE) ...... 110

4.7 SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT (CONSTRUCTION PHASE) ...... 111

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SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT (OPERATION PHASE) ...... 111

4.8 IMPACT ASSESSMENT MATRIX ...... 112

TABLE 4.7: IMPACT MATRIX OF PROPOSED PROJECT ...... 113

CHAPTER 5 ...... 117

ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ...... 117

5.1 Introduction ...... 117

5.2 Site Justification ...... 117 a) Availability of Required Land...... 117 b) Feed Stock source, availability...... 117 c) Site approach ...... 117 d) Topography / Nature of terrain ...... 117 e) Availability of water ...... 118 f) Environmental Considerations ...... 118

5.3 Alternative for risk reduction in industry: ...... 118

CHAPTER 6 ...... 120

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN ...... 120

6.1 Introduction ...... 120

6.2. Monitoring Plan ...... 121 Environmental Components that will be monitored : ...... 122 Meteorology ...... 122 Gaseous Emissions and Ambient Air Quality ...... 122 Water and Waste Water Quality ...... 122

6.3. Sampling Schedule ...... 122 Maintenance of Flora & Fauna ...... 127 Waste Management ...... 127 Soil quality monitoring ...... 127

6.4 Environmental Monitoring Budget Plan: ...... 127

CHAPTER 7 ...... 128

ADDITIONAL STUDIES: RISK ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 128

7.1 Introduction ...... 128

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7.2. Risk Assessment ...... 128 7.2.1 Salient Feature of Risk Mitigation ...... 129 7.2.2 Identification of Risks ...... 129

7.3. Fire and Explosion Index ...... 132 7.3.1 Computations and Evaluation of Fire and Explosion Index ...... 133

7.4. Consequence Analysis ...... 134

7.5. Risk Mitigation Measures ...... 134 7.5.1 Possibilities, Nature and Effects of Emergency ...... 135

7.6. Methodology of Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCA) ...... 135

7.7. Factors Influencing the Use of Physical Effect Models ...... 135

7.7.1 Models for the Calculation of Heat Load and Shock Waves ...... 136 7.7.2 Ignition of a Gas Cloud ...... 137 7.7.3 Burning Torch ...... 137 7.7.4 Injuries resulting from Flammable Liquids and Gases ...... 137 7.7.5 Damage Models for Heat Radiation ...... 137

7.7.6 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH &SAFETY (CONSTRUCTION PHASE) ...... 138

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH &SAFETY (OPERATION PHASE) ...... 138

7.8 Safety Equipment ...... 139

7.9 Risk Reduction Measures ...... 140

7.10 Disaster Management and Emergency Plan ...... 140

7.11 Type of Disaster at IOCL Panipat (Ligno-celluosic 2G Ethanol Plant) complex ...... 141

7.12 Level of accident ...... 141

7.13 Critical Targets during Emergency ...... 142 Level - I Accidents ...... 142 Level - II Accidents ...... 142

7.14 Site Emergency Control Room (SECR) & Site main controller ...... 142

7.15 Disaster Preventive Measures ...... 143

7.16 Fire Fighting Arrangements ...... 144

7.17 Location Type Of Fire Extinguishers- ...... 145

7.18 Recommendations ...... 145

7.19 Alarm System to be followed during disaster ...... 145

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CHAPTER 8 ...... 151

PROJECT BENEFITS ...... 151

8.1 Introduction ...... 151

8.1.1 Economic Importance: ...... 151

8.1.2 Social Importance ...... 151

8.1.3 Environmental Importance ...... 152

CHAPTER 9 ...... 153

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 153

9.1 Introduction ...... 153

9.2 Objectives of EMP ...... 153

9.3 Environment Management Plan for Construction Phase ...... 153

9.4 Environment Management Plan For Operation Phase ...... 154

9.4.1 Air Pollution Management ...... 154

9.4.2 Noise pollution management ...... 156

9.4.3 Waste Water Treatment ...... 157

9.4.4 Land Environment/ Solid hazardous waste management ...... 160

9.4.5 Greenbelt development ...... 161

9.4.6 Odor Management Plan ...... 165

9.4.7 Management of traffic ...... 165

9.4.8 Rain Water Harvesting ...... 165

9.4.9 Storm water collection and discharge system ...... 166

9.4.10 Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) ...... 166

9.4.11 Socio economic development ...... 168

9.4.12 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT CELL (EMC) ...... 170

TABLE 9.8: EMP BUDGET ...... 171

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Introduction Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) (Panipat) proposes to install a biomass based ethanol second generation 100 KLPD capacity in its existing premises. Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) has selected Praj Industry Limited as Licensor and Consultant for 100 KLPD biomass based 2G Ethanol plant. This will attract Environmental Clearance under EIA notification 2006. In this regard, M/s ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited (ABC Techno Labs), NABET Accredited Environmental Consultant Organization, has been engaged to carry out Environmental Impact Assessment studies for the proposed project at IOCL Panipat.

1.1 Applicability of EIA The proposed project-installation of 100 KLPD biomass (Non Food) based 2G Ethanol plant is falling under Schedule 5(g)-Distilleries of EIA notification, 2006. Environment clearance would be obtained by Ministry of Environment & Forest & Climate Change (MoEF&CC) through Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC).

1.2 Environmental Settings: The project is influenced by study area is mostly plain terrain. Nearest highway, airport and city is NH 1 : 10 KM (approx.), Indira Gandhi International Airport-140 km (approx.), Panipat – 23 km(approx.)The detailed information is given in Chapter 1.

1.3 Process Operations involved at the plant The Project will comprise of following Sections/Process Operations: I. BIOMASS PREPARATION SECTION:  Biomass Storage  Material Handling, Milling, Conveying and Wet washing.

II. MAIN PROCESS PLANT:  Pre-treatment  Enzymatic Hydrolysis  Co-Fermentation  Distillation  Dehydration

III. RESIDUE HANDLING SECTION:  Solid Liquid Separation  Evaporation Page 9 of 180

 Process Condensate Treatment Plant

IV. UTILITIES & AUXILIARIES:  Boiler  Water Treatment Plant  Chemical Storage  Cooling Tower  Air Compressor  Product Storage  Enzyme and ADY Storage  Electrical System from grid to individual consumer  Control System- DCS

V. OFF-SITE PACKAGES:  Fire Fighting System  Weigh Bridge

1.4 Description of Environment

1.4.1 Air Environment

To establish the baseline status of the ambient air quality in the study area, the air quality was monitored at Eight (8) locations. The maximum and minimum values of Ambient Air Quality monitored. Results of the monitored data indicate that the ambient air quality of the region in general is in conformity with respect to the norms of National Ambient Air Quality standards (NAAQS) of CPCB, with present level of activities.

Observations

3 PM10: The maximum and minimum concentrations for PM10 were recorded as 95.76 g/m and 77 g/m3 respectively.

3 PM2.5: The maximum and minimum concentrations for PM2.5 were recorded as 58.3 g/m and 47.7 g/m3 respectively.

3 SO2: The maximum and minimum SO2 concentrations were recorded as 25.4g/m and 18 g/m3.

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3 NOx: The maximum and minimum NOx concentrations were recorded as 35.15 g/m and 26 g/m3.

1.4.2 Water Environment

Seven (7) groundwater samples and three (3) surface water samples within the study area were considered for assessment. The analysis of ground water results indicate that the average pH ranges in between 7.4-8.6, TDS ranges from 257mg/l – 487 mg/l, total hardness ranges from 189 mg/l – 391 mg/l, nitrate content ranges from 3.5mg/l – 8.2 mg/l was observed.

The analysis of surface water results indicate that the average pH ranges in between 7.4– 7.8, TDS is 172-235 mg/l, total hardness is 105-135mg/l.

1.4.3 Noise Environment

The noise level in residential areas during day time was in the range of 44.6 dB(A) Leq to 64 dB(A) Leq. The day time noise level in the study area were within the CPCB limits.

1.4.4 Socio Environment

The study area is moderately populated with the total population of 1, 49,040 (as per 2011 Census). Scheduled Caste (SC) population is about 24.26% of the total population. As per 2011 Census, Scheduled Tribe (ST) population is not found in the study area. The sex ratio is about 858 females per 1000 males. The overall literacy rate is about 54.8%. Male literacy rate is 34.1% and female literacy rate is 20.7%. The primary sources of drinking water are tube wells and water supply facilities.

1.5 Impact matrix assessment

Proposed project will not have any significant negative impacts on the environment. Appropriate Environmental Management Plan (EMP) nullifies all high potential adverse impacts. Moreover, implementation of EMP helps to convert negative impact into positive impacts. Thus proposed project is certainly safe from the environmental point of view. 1.6 Risk Assessment: 1.6.1 The three main objectives of Risk Assessment are, Identify risks,  Quantify the impact of the potential threats and  Provide an economic balance between the impact of risk and the cost of the Safeguard 1.6.2Identification of Risks For identification of risk due to proposed project, it requires in depth study of

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 Raw material  Process Risk  Storages  Operations  Maintenance  Safety Fire protection  Effluent disposal

1.6.3 Risk Reduction Measures  The following opportunities will be considered as a potential means of reducing identified risks during the detailed design phase:  Buildings and plant structures designed for cyclone and seismic events (where appropriate), to prevent structural collapse and integrity of weather (water) proofing for storage of dangerous goods;  Provision for adequate water capacity to supply fire protection systems and critical process water;  Isolate people from load carrying/mechanical handling systems, vehicle traffic and storage and stacking locations;  Installation of fit-for-purpose access ways and fall protection systems to facilitate safe access to fixed and mobile plant;  Provision and integrity of process tanks, waste holding tanks and bunded areas as per relevant standards;  Containment of hazardous materials;  Security of facility to prevent unauthorized access to plant, introduction of prohibited items, and control of onsite traffic; and  Development of emergency response management systems commensurate with site specific hazards and risks (fire, explosion, rescue and first aid).  Surrounding population (includes all strata of society) should be made aware of the safety precautions to be taken in the event of any mishap within the plant. This can effectively be done by conducting the training programs.  Critical switches and alarm should be always kept in line  Fire extinguishers should be tested periodically and should be always kept in operational mode

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 A wind direction pointer should also be installed at storage site so that in an emergency the wind direction can be directly seen and downwind population caution.  Shut off and isolation valves should be easily approachable in emergencies A detailed HAZOP and Fault Tree Analysis should be carried out before commissioning of any new installation. 1.7 Environment monitoring Programme

It is important to monitoring environmental conditions during entire project cycle. Based on the MOEF and CPCB guidelines, monitoring plan is been developed to assess ambient air quality, water, effluent quality, emissions measurements, noise monitoring in project area periodically. IOCL facility has already installed continuous monitoring systems.

1.8 Environmental Monitoring Budget Plan

The costs involved in environmental monitoring and management to mitigate the adverse effects will be put on account for the proposed project. The approximate cost for the EMP will be Rs. 3507 lakhs. The details of capital & operating expenditures for environment protection measures i.e EMP is given in Chapter No. 9

It is an integrated cell to co-ordinate the project activities which are concerned with implementation of environment control measures and management. Main aim of EMC is effective implementation of environment management system.

Hierarchical of EMC

1.9 CSR activities during 2015-2016  Sanitation: construction of toilets in govt. Schools  Environmental sustainability : installation of solar panels in govt. Schools  Expansion of education : providing furniture in all govt. Schools of nearby villages  Healthcare : organizing medical camps in neighbouring villages  Youth employment : skill development programmes in nearby villages

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 Science &innovation: setting up of library and science labs in govt. Schools of neighbouring villages  To promote environmental sustainability, Installation of Solar panels at 4 Govt. schools of Kahului, Sithana, Khora kheri and Barauli.

1.10 Rain water harvesting system Proposed project will be provided rain water harvesting system inside factory premises.

1.11 Project benefits Project benefit focused on those points which become beneficial to the surrounding area or community in terms of infrastructural development, Social development, boosting employment and other tangible benefits due to upcoming or proposed activities in form side benefits. This project would be a pioneering effort and first plant of its kind in India to demonstrate techno economic viability of producing bio-ethanol from agricultural crop residues. This technology gives India a formidable tool to reduce its GHG emissions and fulfill its responsibility towards protecting environment. As mentioned earlier the CII & AT Kearney joint report shows that, By 2020, a CO2 reduction of 3-4 % (over those that existed in 2000) creating an abatement of 10 million to 12 million tons of CO2 equivalent is possible.

1.12 Economic Importance: The project will provide an opportunity to India to reduce its dependence on crude oil Imports. It will also reduce the impact of crude oil price volatility seen quite often in international markets. It will also help in reducing the subsidy burden of the Indian government since ethanol (produced locally from agricultural residue) displaces petrol from imported crude. By 2020, India’s total gasoline consumption is expected to touch 440 billion litres of which 20% can be replaced by bioethanol produced from lignocelluloses raw materials. Foreign exchange savings due to replacement of gasoline could be between US $ 8 billon -10 billion per year. Which are approximately 700 Crores to 748 Crores Indian rupees.

1.13Social Importance There is potential to create 18 million jobs and hence will significantly improve the future of Indian farmers and biofuels business economy. Farmers will benefit from the additional revenue generated by selling agricultural crop residues (corn cobs, rice straw, cotton stalk, sugarcane bagasse and sugarcane trash, etc.) and the rural economy will benefit from the jobs created. The economic value chain will result in distributed economic growth as the feedstock and product ethanol will be consumed locally replacing fuel purchased from outside the local economy. The money which would

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have been spent in procuring the equivalent amount of crude oil from foreign countries will now be injected into the local economy or country.

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Standard Terms Of Reference ‘5(g)’ Standard Terms Of Reference for Conducting Environment Impact Assessment Study For Distilleries And Information to be included in EIA/EMP Report.

Sr.no. Terms of Reference Compliance 1. Executive Summary Attached with the EIA Report. 2. Introduction Details of the EIA Consultant including NABET Refer chapter 11 Section 11.2 of the EIA Report. accreditation Page no. 176 (i) Information about the project proponent. Refer section 1.1 of Executive Summary, Refer chapter 1, EIA report., refer page no. 25 (ii) Importance and benefits of the project Refer chapter 1 section 1.3.4 to 1.3.6 Page no. 29 and chapter 8 of the EIA report. Page no.151 3. Project Description (i) Cost of the project and time of completion Refer to chapter 2, table 2.9 to 2.10 of the EIA report. Please refer Page no. 49 (ii) Products with capacities for the proposed project Refer to chapter 2 of the EIA report. Details are available in table 2.2 ,technical details of the plant. Refer no. 41 (iii) If expansion project, details of existing products with IOCL Panipat, has adequate land, The capacities and whether adequate land is available for installation of new plant will take place in the expansion, reference of earlier EC if any existing plant premises.

Capacity of New Plant: 100 KLPD Plant

(iv) List of raw materials required and their source along Refer to chapter 2 of the EIA report, Refer page with mode of transportation No. 41 (v) Other chemicals and materials required with Refer to chapter 2, table 2.6 of the EIA report, quantities and storage capacities refer page no. 44 (vi) Details of Emission, effluent, hazardous waste Refer to chapter 4, of the EIA report, refer page generation and their management no. 99 (vii) Requirement of water, power, with source of supply, Refer to chapter 2 of the EIA report. Refer page status of approval, water balance diagram, man-power no. 41 requirement (regular and contract) (viii) Process description along with major equipment’s Refer to section 2.4,2.7 chapter 2 of the EIA and machineries, process flow sheet (quantitative) from report. Refer page no. 42, 47 raw material to products to be provided (ix) Hazard identification and details of proposed safety Refer to chapter 7 of the EIA report. Refer page. systems 128 (x) Expansion/ modernization proposals a) Copy of all the Environmental Clearances including Not Applicable Amendments there to obtained for the project from MoEF & CC/SEIAA shall be attached as an

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Annexure. A certified copy of the latest Monitoring report of the regional office of the Ministry of Environment and Forests as per circular dated 30th May, 2012 on the status of compliance of conditions stipulated in all the existing environmental clearances including Amendments shall be provided. In addition, Status of compliance of Consent to Operate for the ongoing existing operation of the project from SPCB shall be attached with the EIA-EMP report b) In case the existing project has not obtained Not Applicable Environmental Clearance, reasons for not taking EC under the provisions of the EIA notification 1994 and/or EIA notification 2006 shall be provided. Copies of Consent to Establish/ no objection certificate and Consent to Operate (in case of units operating prior to EIA notification 2006, CTE and CTO of FY 2005-2006 obtained from the SPCB shall be submitted. Further, compliance report to the conditions of consents from the SPCB shall be submitted. 4. Site details (i) Location of the project site covering village, Refer to chapter 1, Section 1.8, Fig.1.3 and 1.5 Taluka/Tehsil, District and State, Justification for of the EIA report. Refer page no. 33 selecting the site, whether other sites were considered. Site Justification: Refer Chapter 5, of EIA report please refer page no. 117 (ii) A topo-sheet of the study area of radius of 10 km and Refer Annexure I site location on 1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on A3/A2 sheet.(including all eco-sensitive area and environmentally sensitive places) (iii) Details w.r.t options analysis for selection of Refer to chapter 2, chapter 5, page no. 38. & site page no. 117 respectively of EIA report (iv) Co- ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners of the site Refer to chapter 1, section 1.7 of the EIA report. Page no. 32 (v) Google map-Earth downloaded of the project Refer to chapter 1, section 1.8 of the EIA report. site Page no. 33 (vi) Layout maps indicating existing units as well as Refer to chapter 2 of the EIA report. Please refer proposed unit indicating storage area, plant area, fig. 2.2 of the EIA report at page no. 40 greenbelt area, utilities etc. If located within an Industrial area/Estate/Complex, Layout of Industrial Area indicating location of unit within the Industrial Area/Estate (vii) Photographs of the proposed and existing (if This is a new project , green belt will be applicable) plant site. If existing, show photographs of developed after execution of the plant. plantation/greenbelt, in particular 33 % of green belt will be developed

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(viii) Land-use break-up of total land of the project site Refer to Chapter 2, Table no. 2.2 of the EIA (identified and acquired), government/private- report at page no. 41 agricultural, forest, wasteland, water bodies, settlements, etc shall be included.(not required for industrial area) (ix) A list of major industries with name and type within Refer to Chapter 3, section 3.9.2 There is no study area (10 km) shall be incorporated. Land use major industry within 10 km area of IOCL details of the study area Panipat. Refer page no. 82 (x) Geological features and geo-hydrological status of the Refer to chapter 3, section 3.4.2 of the EIA study area shall be included report. Page no. 54 (xi) Details of drainage of the project upto 5 km radius of Refer to chapter 3, section 3.4.2.1 of the EIA study area. If the site is within 1 km radius of any major report at page no. 54 river, peak and lean season river discharge as well as flood occurrence frequency based on peak rainfall data of the past 30 years. Details of flood level of the project site and maximum flood level of the river shall be provided.(mega green field projects) (xii) Status of acquisition of land. If acquisition is not The project site is situated on the land owned complete, stage of the acquisition process and expected by IOCL Panipat time of complete possession of the land. (xiii) R & R details in respect of land in line with state The project is proposed on IOCL Panipat owned Government policy land. 5 Forest and Wildlife issues (i)Permission and approval for the use of forest land Not Applicable (forestry clearance), if any, and recommendations of the State Forest Department. (if applicable) (ii)Landuse map based on High resolution satellite Not Applicable imagery (GPS) of the proposed site delineating the forestland (in case of projects involving forest land more than 40 ha) (iii)Status of Application submitted for obtaining the Not Applicable stage I forestry clearance along with latest status shall be submitted (iv)The projects to be located within 10 km of the Not Applicable National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Migratory Corridors of Wild Animals, the project proponent shall submit the map duly authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden showing these features vis-à-vis the project location and the recommendations or comments of the Chief Wildlife Warden-thereon (v)Wildlife Conservation Plan duly authenticated by the Not Applicable Chief Wildlife Warden of the State Government for conservation of Schedule I fauna, if any exists in the study area (vi)Copy of application submitted for clearance under the Not Applicable Page 18 of 180

Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, to the Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife 6. Environmental Status (i) Determination of atmospheric inversion level at the Refer to chapter 3, section 3.3 of the EIA project site and site-specific micro-meteorological data report. Page no. 53 using temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction and rainfall (ii) AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 locations for PM10, Refer to chapter 3, section 3.5 of the EIA report. PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO and other parameters relevant to Page no. 55 the project shall be collected. The monitoring stations shall be based on CPCB guidelines and taking into account the pre-dominant wind direction, population zone and sensitive receptors including reserved forests. (iii) Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12 weeks of all Refer to chapter 3, section 3.5.4.1 of the EIA stations as per frequency given in the NAQQM report. Page no. 66. Also refer table 3.5 to 3.9 Notification of Nov.2009 along with min.-max., average available on page no 58 to 65 and 98 % values for each of the AAQ parameters from data of all AAQ stations should be provided as an annexure to the EIA report. (iv) Surface water quality of nearby River (100 upstream Refer chapter 3, section 3.6.2 & table no. 3.14 and downstream of discharge point) and other surface of the EIA report. Page no. 72 drains at eight locations as per CPCB/MoEF & CC guidelines. (v) Whether the site falls near to polluted stretch of river No, the site does not falls in any polluted stretch identified by the CPCB/MoEF & CC, if yes give details. of river. (vi) Ground water monitoring at minimum at 8 locations Refer chapter 3, section 3.6.1 & table no. 3.11 shall be included. of the EIA report page no. 67 (vii) Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations within the Refer chapter 3, section 3.7 of the EIA report. study area Page no. 76 (viii) Soil Characteristic as per CPCB guidelines. Refer chapter 3, section 3.8 of the EIA report Page no. 76 (ix) Traffic study of the area, type of vehicles, frequency Refer chapter 3, section 3.9.3 of the EIA report of vehicles for transportation of materials, additional Page no. 82 traffic due to proposed project, parking arrangement etc. (x) Detailed description of flora and fauna (terrestrial and Refer chapter 3, section 3.10 of the EIA report. aquatic) existing in study area shall be given with special Page no. 84 reference to rare, endemic and endangered species. If Schedule- I fauna are found within the study area, a Wildlife Conservation Plan shall be prepared and furnished. (xi) Socio-economic status of the study area. Refer chapter 3,section 3.9 of the EIA report. Page no. 79 7. Impact and Environment Management Plan (i) Assessment of ground level concentration of Refer chapter 4, Section 4.2.1 of the EIA report. pollutants from the stack emissions based on site- Page no. 102 Page 19 of 180

specific meteorological features. In case the project is located on hilly terrain, the AQIP Modelling shall be done using inputs of the specific terrain characteristics for determining the potential impacts of the project on the AAQ . Cumulative impact of all sources of emissions (including transportation) on the AAQ of the area shall be assessed. Details of the model used and the input data used for modelling shall also be provided. The air quality contours shall be plotted on a location map showing the location of project site, habitation nearby, sensitive receptors, if any. (ii) Water quality modelling- in case of discharge in water Not Applicable, Waste water will be treated in body. the ETP IOCL Panipat has proposed to implement Zero Liquid Discharge Technology. (iii) Impact of the transport of the raw material and end Refer Chapter 6 of the EIA report. Refer page products on the surrounding environment shall be no. 120 assessed and provided. In this regard, options for transport of raw materials and finished products and There is no rail-cum road or conveyor-cum-rail wastes (large quantities) by rail or rail-cum road transport facility at IOCL Panipat transport or conveyor-cum-rail transport shall be examined. (iv) A note on treatment of wastewater from different Refer chapter 9, section 9.4.3 of the EIA report. plant operations, extent recycled and reused for different Page no. 157 purposes shall be included. Complete scheme of effluent. Characteristics of untreated and treated effluent to meet the prescribed standards of discharge under E(P) Rules (v) Details of stack emissions and action plan for control Stack height is provided as per CPCB guidelines. of emission to meet standards (vi) Measures for fugitive emissions control. Refer to chapter 9 of the EIA report. Page no. 156 (vii) Details of hazardous waste generation and their Refer to chapter 9, of the EIA report. Page no. storage, utilization and management. Copies of MoU 160 regarding utilization of solid and hazardous waste in cement plant shall also be included. EMP shall include the concept of waste-minimization, recycle/reuse/recover techniques, energy conservation and natural resource conservation (viii) Proper utilization of fly ash shall be ensured as per Refer Chapter 9, of EIA report, Page no. 160- Fly Ash Notification, 2009. A detailed plan of action shall 161 be provided. (ix) Action plan for the green belt development plan in 33 Refer chapter 9, section 9.4.5 of the EIA report. % area i.e. land with not less than 1,500 trees per ha. Page no. 161 Giving details of species, width of plantation, planning schedule etc. shall be included. The green belt shall be around the project boundary and a scheme for greening Page 20 of 180

of roads used for the project shall also be incorporated. (x) Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures at Refer chapter 9, section 9.4.8 of the EIA report. plant site shall be submitted to harvest rainwater from Page no. 165 the roof tops and storm water drains to recharge the ground water and also to use for the various activities at the project site to conserve fresh water and reduce the water requirement from other sources. (xi) Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for Refer table no. 9.8 of the EIA report, page no. environmental pollution control measures shall be 171 included. (xii) Action plan for post-project environmental Refer to chapter 6, section 6.3, table: 6.1 of the monitoring shall be submitted EIA report. Page no. 123 (xiii) Onsite and Offsite Disaster (natural and Man-made) Refer chapter 7, section 7.10 of the EIA report, Preparedness and Emergency Management Plan page no. 140 including Risk Assessment and damage control. Disaster management plan should be linked with District Disaster Management Plan. 8. Occupational health (i) Plan and fund allocations to ensure the occupational Refer Chapter 7 section 7.7.6, of EIA report, health & safety of all contract and casual workers page no. 138 (ii) Details of exposure specific health status evaluation of Refer Chapter 7, section 7.2.2 of EIA report, worker. If the workers health is being evaluated by pre page no. 129 designed format, chest x-rays, Audiometry, Spirometry, All workers are provided with suitable personal vision testing (far & near vision, colour vision and any protective equipment (PPE). other ocular defect) ECG, during pre placement and periodical examinations give the details of the same. Regular safety and environmental awareness Details regarding last month analysed data of above programmes are being conducted to promote mentioned parameters as per age, sex, duration of awareness. IOCL Panipat is also taking up exposure and department wise. periodic health check programmes for the nearby villages is also being taken care (iii) Details of existing Occupational & Safety Hazards. Refer Chapter 7, section 7.7.6 of EIA report, What are the exposure levels of hazards and whether page no. 138 they are within Permissible Exposure Level (PEL). If these are not within PEL what measures the company has All workers are provided with suitable personal adopted to keep them within PEL, what measures the protective equipment (PPE). company has adopted to keep them within PEL so that health of the workers can be preserved. The air & noise levels are regularly monitored and they are within permissible limits (Refer Chapter 3)

The workers working in high noise level generating area shall undergo audiometric test once in a six months.

Proper designing of building, work area, good Page 21 of 180

ventilation, good exhaust system & air circulation, relieving from thermal stress, provision of relaxation facilities. Isolation to specific areas, Rotation of workers/shifts to avoid continuous exposure, Enforcement & encouragement to use PPE is practiced (iv) Annual report of health status of workers with special This is proposed new plant the heath check up reference to Occupational Health and Safety. will be done after commissioning of project. Occuational Health Survelliance is regular exercise at IOCL Panipat. The health check ups will carried out periodically and medical records of all employees shall be maintained separately.

The medical check up will include Chest X-Ray, Audiometry, Spirometry, Haemogram, ECG, Vision testing (Far & Near vision, color vision and any other ocular defect). Urine (Routine and Microscopic), Complete Physical examination, Fatigue, Backache, Muco Skeletal disorders, (MSD), major & minor joint pains will be examined and given appropriate remedy/treatment. 9. Corporate Environment Policy (i) Does the company have a well laid down IOCL Panipat is certified for Quality environment Policy approved by its Board of Management Systems ( ISO 9001:2008) Directors? If so, it may be detailed in EIA report. (ii) Does the environmental policy prescribe for Not applicable standard operating process/procedures to bring into focus any infringement/deviation /violation of the environmental or forest norms/conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA. (iii) What is the hierarchical system or Administrative Health Safety Environment –IOCL ,Panipat order of the company to deal with the HSC Head – CGM environmental issues and for ensuring compliance details are provided in chapter 9 , Page no. 158 with the Environmental Clearance conditions? Details of this system may be given. (iv) Does the company have system of reporting of non Refer Chapter 9, section 9.4.12 of the EIA compliances/ violations of environmental norms to report. Page no. 170 the Board of Directors of the company and or/ shareholders or stakeholders at large? This reporting mechanism shall be detailed in the EIA report 10. Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as Proper infrastructure facilities will be provided. sanitation, fuel, restroom etc. to be provided to the labor force during construction as well as to the casual workers including truck drivers during Operation phase. Page 22 of 180

11. Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC) Adequate funds (at least 2.5 % of the project cost) shall Refer Chapter 9 , section 9.4.11 of EIA report. be earmarked towards the Enterprise Social Commitment Page no. 168 based on Public Hearing issues and item-wise details along with time bound action plan shall be included. Socio-economic development activities need to be elaborated upon. 12. Any litigation pending against the project and/or any Nil direction/order passed by any court of law against the project, if so, details thereof shall also be included. Has the unit received any notice under Section 5 of Environment (protection) Act, 1986 or relevant sections of Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof and compliance /ATR to the notice(s) and present status of the case. 13. A tabular chart with index for point wise compliance of Noted and complied above TOR.

SPECIFIC TERMS OF REFERENCE : 1. List of existing distillery units in the study area along with Refer Chapter 3. their capacity and sourcing of raw material 2. Number of working days of the distillery unit. Total 300 days in a year are working for the biomass to ethanol plant

3. Details of raw materials such as molasses/grains, their Refer Chapter 2, section 2.6 and table 2.3 of EIA source with availability. report. Page no. 41 , 44

4. Details of the use of steam from the boiler Refer Chapter 2, section 2.6 of the EIA report. Page no 44 5. Surface and Ground water quality around proposed Refer chapter 3, section 3.6.2 & table no. 3.14 . spent wash storage lagoon, and compost yard &, section 3.6.1 & table no. 3.13 of the EIA report Page no. 71 page no. 73 The spent wash lagoon and compost yard is not applicable

Therefore, there are no chances of ground water contamination. 6. Plan to reduce spent wash generation within 6-8 KL/KL of Refer Chapter 9, section 9.4.3 of EIA report. alcohol produced Page no. 157 7. Proposed effluent treatment system for molasses/grain Refer Chapter 9, figure 9.1, 9.2 and table 9.4 of based distillery (spent wash, spent lees, condensate and EIA report. Page no. 159 utilities) as well as domestic sewage and scheme for achieving zero effluent discharge (ZLD).

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8. Proposed action to restrict fresh water consumption Refer Chapter 2, section 2.6 of EIA report within 10 KL/KL of alcohol production 9. Details about capacity of spent wash holding tank, Refer Chapter 9, section 9.4.3 of EIA report. material used, design consideration. No. of piezometers Page no. 157 to be proposed around spent wash holding tank 10. Action plan to control ground water pollution Refer Chapter 9, section 9.4.3 of EIA report, page no. 158 11. Details of solid waste management including Refer Chapter 4, table 4.5 of EIA report, Page management of boiler ash, yeast, etc. Details of no.107 incinerated spent wash ash generation and its disposal 12. Details of bio-composting yard (if applicable). Not Applicable

13. Action plan to control odour pollution Refer Chapter 9, section 9.4.6 of EIA report. Page no. 165 14. Arrangements for installation of continuous online Refer Chapter 9, Section 9.4.3, page no. 158 monitoring system (24x7 monitoring device) Continuous emission monitoring system shall be installed in proposed facility Additional TOR 1 Public consultation The EAC, after detailed deliberations, opined that such projects of biofuel production need to be encouraged for improving air quality in the area. However, in case of proposals for exemption from public hearing, the Committee desired that in view of national importance of such projects, the Ministry may take a view as per the extant rules/regulations.

The Public hearing was conducted on 27.03.2019. The notice was published in “ Yugmarg “news papers on 23.02.2019. Refer Annexure III and section 7.20 of EIA Report

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CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1.1 Background Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. (IOCL) is India's largest Public Sector, GOI Undertaking and having largest revenue generation and is one of the five Maharatna status companies of India, apart from Coal India Limited, NTPC Limited, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation and Steel Authority of India Limited. It is the highest ranked Indian company and the world's 168thlargest public corporation in the prestigious Fortune 'Global 500' listing. It is also the 20thlargest petroleum company in the world. Beginning in 1959 as Indian Oil Company Ltd., Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. was formed in 1964 with the merger of Indian Refineries Ltd. (Estd. 1958). Indian Oil and its subsidiaries account for 49% petroleum products market share, 31% share in refining capacity and 67% downstream sector pipelines capacity in India.

Panipat Refinery, a unit of Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) operates a 15.0 Million Metric Tons Per Annum (MMTPA) oil refinery at Panipat in Haryana. The refinery was commissioned in 1997-98 and started off with a crude oil processing capacity of 6.0 MMTPA (PR- Panipat Refinery). The refinery capacity was raised to 12.0 MMTPA with the addition of another crude unit and a full conversion hydrocracker as the secondary processing unit and Delayed Coker unit for bottom processing (PREP- Panipat Refinery Expansion Project). Through progressive revamps and addition of process units the refining capacity has been brought to the present operating capacity of 15.0 MMTPA (PRAEP- Panipat Refinery Additional Expansion Project). IOCL has recently applied for obtaining of Environmental Clearance from MoEF &CC for expansion of its production capacities for Naphtha Cracker Unit (NCU), Mono Ethylene Glycol (MEG), High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and Polypropylene (PP) Unit.

IOCL (Panipat) proposes to install a biomass based ethanol second generation 100 KLPD capacity in its existing premises. This will attract Environmental Clearance under EIA notification 2006. In this regard, M/s ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited (ABC Techno Labs), NABET Accredited Environmental Consultant Organization, has been engaged by M/Praj Industry Limited to carry out Environmental Impact Assessment studies for the proposed project at IOCL Panipat. (1.1 REF :IOCL Website)

1.2 Purpose of Project IOCL Panipat proposes to install new 100 KLPD cellulosic non-food biomass (Agri waste) based second generation advanced technology.

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1.3 Market Scenario 1.3.1 Global Ethanol Scenario: In 2015, countries made commitments toward a more environmentally balanced future through the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and now seek to expand policies for low-carbon development after the agreement reached in Paris at COP-2. The year also marked a milestone in the bio-economy, as the point in time when the production of Second-Generation Biofuels (2G) finally took off at commercial scale. Historically, the United States of America (US) has had the largest installed capacity for cellulosic ethanol production of deployed second-generation biofuel facilities, followed by China, Canada, European Union (EU) and Brazil, respectively. Projects in these countries vary significantly in their technological approaches and feed stocks used for fuel Ethanol production, including the use of corn stover, sugarcane bagasse, Rice straw, wheat straw, cotton stalk municipal solid waste, and forestry residues, etc. 50% growth in the second-generation biofuels market has been forecast between 2014 - 2020 and its value in 2020 has been estimated to amount to US$ 23.9 billion (Allied Market Research, 2014). Navigant Research (2014) forecasts that global biofuel consumption in the road transportation sector will grow from more than 122.6 billion litres per year in 2013 to more than 193.41 billion litres per year in 2022, which will increase demand for advanced biofuels. In the last ten years, an increase in ethanol production capacity in the US and Brazil, and biodiesel in Europe, has resulted in biofuels gaining an important position in the global market for liquid.

Despite the extensive use of biomass as a source of energy production, some developing countries still depend on oil imports to satisfy their energy demand, which makes them vulnerable to high and volatile oil prices. Some countries, such as China, Brazil, Thailand and India, developed a strong first- generation biofuel sector that led to a significant production capacity and infrastructure.

1.3.2 Indian Ethanol Scenario: The Government of India (GOI) approved the National Policy on Biofuels on May 16, 2018. The policy encourages use of renewable energy resources as alternate fuel to supplement transport fuels and had proposed an indicative target to replace 20% of petroleum fuel consumption with biofuels by end of 12th Five - Year Plan (2017). To ensure implementation of ethanol blending program ‘Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA)’ recommended 5% mandatory blending of ethanol in gasoline in Nov-2012.

At present, the estimated production of ethanol in the country is in the range of 2,500- 3,000 TKL (Thousand Kilo Litres) which is primarily used for potable alcohol, chemical industries and ethanol

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blending. India’s ethanol production is mainly based on sugarcane molasses, which is limited. Any improvement in ethanol production is directly proportional to increase in sugarcane production. However, considering available infrastructure & irrigation resources, it is very difficult to increase sugar cane production.

13% 0.35 bln litres

39% 1.05 bln litres 48% 1.3 bln litres

Industrial Alcohol Fuel Ethanol Beverage Alcohol

Figure 1.1: Pie Chart showing ethanol blending % in India

The Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs) have been directed to sell Ethanol Blended Petrol with percentage of ethanol up to 10% and achieve a mandatory target of 5% overall Ethanol blending. So far, the ethanol availability is restricted to fulfill the blending of about 2-3% only. To meet indicative target of 20% ethanol blending by 2017 (as per National Policy on Biofuels, 2009), the required quantity of ethanol is estimated to be approximately 5,500 TKL (CAGR @ 8.38%). Govt. of India has also emphasized on achieving energy security of the country with a target of reducing import dependence by 10% by the year 2022. The available surplus agricultural crop residues in India have potential to achieve these targets. Table 1.1 : Ethanol Demand & Supply Scenario in India

Particulars 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 Petrol Sale 27,596 29,909 32,415 35,131 38,075 41,266 Projection (8.38 % CAGR) Ethanol Requirement (@ 5% blending) 1,380 1,495 1,621 1,757 1,904 2,063 (@ 10% blending) 2,760 2,991 3,241 3,513 3,808 4,127 (@ 20% blending) 5,519 5,982 6,483 7,026 7,615 8,253

Table 1.2: Ethanol Blending Targets 2015-16

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Sr. No. Description Ethanol Quantity (Billion Litres)

A GOI plan of 20% ethanol blending by 2022 (EBP) 8.25

Present Ethanol generation with average B 2.70 Molasses available in India (~ 12 MMT)

B1 Ethanol diverted to Potable sector 2015 / 16 1.05

B2 Ethanol diverted to Chemical sector 2015 / 16 0.35

B3 Ethanol available for blending 2015 / 16 1.30

Additional Ethanol required to fulfil 20% blending C 6.95 (A - B3)

 Annual fuel ethanol demand (5% blend) In 2015 / 16 = ~1.3 billion liters  GOI plan of 20% ethanol blending (EBP) = ~ 8.25 billion liters  Total biomass available in India ~ 141 MMT  The surplus convertible biomass available in India ~ 30 MMT can meet the demand of 20% EBP. Some of the key ethanol industry updates:  Oil marketing companies includes ethanol made from non-food feedstock in latest ethanol tender  CCEA fixes fuel ethanol price at 48.5 - 49.5/Liter (delivered at OMC depot)  Government removes excise duty on ethanol – net realization of producers to increase by 5/liter  Government of India is committed towards implementation of EBP and working to achieve 20% ethanol blending target by 2022. Information related to approved VGF policy for ethanol industry needs to be added. 1.3.3 Indian biomass (agricultural crop residues) availability The agricultural sector has long been the backbone of India's economy. It also presents a unique opportunity to develop second generation ethanol industry due to availability of vast agricultural residues. According to the various biomass assessment surveys the surplus crop residue availability in India is in range of 50-60 million tons annually. According to these report, by 2020 the available biomass residue could in theory be converted into between 10 billion and 15 billion liters of second generation ethanol annually sufficient to meet 20% ethanol blending mandates in India.

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1.3.4 Economic Importance: The project will provide an opportunity to India to reduce its dependence on crude oil Imports. It will also reduce the impact of crude oil price volatility seen quite often in international markets. It will also help in reducing the subsidy burden of the Indian government since ethanol (produced locally from agricultural residue) displaces petrol from imported crude. By 2020, India’s total gasoline consumption is expected to touch 381 billion liters of which 20% can be replaced by bioethanol produced from lignocellulose raw materials. Foreign exchange savings due to replacement of gasoline could be between US$ 8 billon -10 billion per year.

1.3.5 Social Importance There is potential to create 18 million jobs and hence will significantly improve the future of Indian bio economy. Farmers will benefit from the additional revenue generated by selling agricultural crop residues (corn cobs, rice straw, cotton stalk, sugarcane bagasse and sugarcane trash, etc.) and the rural economy will benefit from the jobs created. The economic value chain will result in distributed economic growth as the feedstock and product ethanol will be consumed locally replacing fuel purchased from outside the local economy. The money which would have been spent in procuring the equivalent amount of crude oil from foreign countries will now be injected into the local economy or country.

This will have positive impact on the growth of India’s gross domestic product. Successful implementation of this technology will create hundreds of thousands of direct and indirect jobs in India in the entire value chain from collection of lingo cellulosic biomass to processing into bioethanol in small and medium manufacturing plants and finally marketing and selling of ethanol to oil marketing companies.

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Figure 1.2: Sustainability through 10% EBP – at a glance

1.3.6 Environmental Importance This technology gives India a formidable tool to reduce its GHG emissions and fulfill its responsibility towards the environment. As mention earlier the CII & AT Kearney joint report shows that, By 2020, a CO2 reduction of 3-4 %( over those that existed in 2000) creating an abatement of 10 million to 12 million tons of CO2 equivalent is possible. (1.3 REF: Market Research Study on Indian Businesses)

1.4 Need of EIA As per EIA Notification S.O. No 1533 issued on 14th September, 2006 and its subsequent amendments, the proposed project is falling under Schedule 5(g) – Distilleries. Hence, this project requires Environmental Clearance from Ministry of Environment & Forest (MoEF) through Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC). Accordingly, the EIA Report has been prepared

Based on the Standard Terms of Reference approved by Expert Appraisal Committee – Industry-2 on 5 April 2018, for installation of 100 KLPD biomass (Non Food) based 2G Ethanol plant.

1.5 Terms of Reference The EIA report has been prepared as per Standard TOR approved by EAC.

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1.6 Approach and Methodology The primary objective of the EIA study is to internalize and integrate the environmental concerns /aspects and mitigation measures due to proposed set of new 100 KLPD 2G Ethanol plant.

The EIA study for new proposed plant at existing premises of IOCL Panipat has been carried out with the following objectives:

1. Collection of baseline attributes in study area. The EIA covers baseline environmental data, as per the guidelines of MoEF & CC. The scope includes collection of baseline data to identify the various environmental parameters such as air, water, soil, noise levels, socio - economic factors, land use factors, the status of the flora- fauna and wildlife in the adjoining areas of the proposed project site. 2. Identification, prediction, evaluation & mitigation of biophysical, social & other relevant effects of development on the environment during the operational phase of the proposed plant as per applicable Indian laws. 3. Preparation of risk assessment & emergency preparedness / disaster management plan for the project. 4. Preparation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to be adopted for mitigation of the anticipated adverse impacts of the proposed expansion at plant during operational phase. 5. Delineation of the post project environmental quality monitoring program as per the requirements of the regulatory authorities. To carry out EIA study for the proposed expansion, reconnaissance survey was conducted by field team of ABC Techno Labs India Pvt. Ltd. and sampling locations for various environmental parameters were identified on the basis of: 6. Predominant wind direction expected during the period of baseline monitoring in the study area 7. Topography, 8. Location of village/towns/sensitive areas 9. Identified pollution pockets, if any within the study area 10. Areas, which represent baseline conditions; 11. Collection, collation and analysis of baseline data for various environmental attributes.

As per MoEF&CC guideline “Baseline data & Public hearing data can be used as per MoEF&CC, GOI Circular No. J-11013/41/2006-IA-II (I) (Part), dated: 29th August, 2017”. Thus, the environmental baseline data collected for preparation of Environmental Impact

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Assessment Report IOCL (Panipat) for obtaining Environmental Clearance from MOEF&CC during 01stDecember, 2016 to 28th February, 2017 will be used. However, the field study data was revalidated by monitoring/surveying the project location from 14th May 2018 to 21st May 2018 to determine existing conditions of various environmental attributes.

The proposed new 100 KLPD Biomass to ethanol plant in the Panipat location near the IOCL existing refinery. Refinery may impact on the physical, chemical and biological attributes of surrounding environment. In assessing the environmental impacts, collection, collation and interpretation of baseline data is of prime importance. Environmental impact analysis and assessment is preferably carried out at the planning stage itself. 1.7 Environmental Settings of the site Table 1.3: Environmental Settings of the Project Site S.no. Particulars Details 1. Latitude 29°28'55.89"N 2. Longitude 76°53'21.74"E 3. Site Elevation above MSL 242 m 4. Topography The project influenced study area is mostly plain terrain . 5. Present land use at the site Industrial use (existing facilities are decommissioned) 6. Nearest highway NH 1 : 10 KM (approx.) 7. Nearest railway station Panipat Railway station–23 km (approx.) 8. Nearest airport Indira Gandhi International Airport-140 km (approx.) 9. Nearest town / city Panipat – 23 km(approx.) 10. Hills / valleys Nil in 5 Km radius Archaeologically important 11. Nil in 5 Km radius places National parks / Wildlife 12. Nil in 5 Km radius Sanctuaries 13. Reserved / Protected Forests Nil in 5 Km radius 14. Seismicity Seismic zone-IV 15. Defense Installations Nil in 5 Km radius

1.8 Location of the Project The location of the project site at Panipat, Haryana.is shown in the satellite image below.

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Figure 1.3: Satellite image of Project site marked with study area 10 Km radius

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Figure 1.4: Location Map of the project site

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Figure 1.5: Satellite image of Project site

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Environ Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Environmental Clearance Ligno-Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant at Gram Panchayat Baholi, Refinery Road, Panipat-132140 District Panipat, Haryana

1.9 EIA Report Presentation The EIA report for installation of new 100 KLPD Biomass to ethanol plant near IOCL Panipat refinery, District Panipat, Haryana State has been prepared as per Standard TOR approved by Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) on 5 April 2018. The EIA report has been presented in order to group the environmental parameters under physical, biological, demographic & socio-economic environments, anticipated impacts and mitigation measures. The EIA report has been prepared as contents given in EIA Notification 2006 and subsequent amendments. The structure of EIA Report is as given below:  Chapter 1: Introduction This chapter provides background information, brief location settings of the area. The terms of reference for preparation of EIA/ EMP and structure of EIA report have also been described in this chapter.

 Chapter 2: Description of the Project This chapter deals project details, project layout, design details, operating parameters, power requirements, water requirement and sources of pollution and it management, cost of proposed expansion, etc.

 Chapter 3: Description of the Environment This chapter presents existing environmental status of the 10 km radius study area around the proposed project including topography, geological, drainage pattern, water environment, climate & meteorology, ambient air quality, noise levels, flora & fauna, socio-economic, etc.

 Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures This chapter describes the anticipated impact on the environment and mitigation measures for proposed project. Assessment of anticipated Environmental Impacts. It gives the details of the impact on the baseline parameters, both during the construction and operational phases and suggests the mitigation measures to be implemented by the Project.

 Chapter 5: Analysis of Alternatives This chapter examines alternative means for the proposed project

 Chapter 6: Environmental Monitoring Plan This chapter describes Environmental Monitoring Plan for the proposed project during construction and operation phases.

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Environ Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Environmental Clearance Ligno-Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant at Gram Panchayat Baholi, Refinery Road, Panipat-132140 District Panipat, Haryana

 Chapter 7: Additional Studies (Risk Analysis and Disaster Management Plan) This chapter spelled out brief about hazard identification, risk analysis and disaster management plan for an unlikely event of emergency at LPG Plant.  Chapter 8: Project Benefits This chapter includes the benefits in terms of improvement in physical infrastructure, social infrastructure, employment potential, etc.

 Chapter 9: Environmental Management Plan (EMP) This chapter describes environmental management plan to mitigate adverse environmental impacts and to strengthen beneficial impacts.

 Chapter 10: summary and conclusion  Consultant ‘s disclosure This section comprises the name of consultants engaged with their brief resume and nature of consultancy rendered.

 Required Documents (as Annexure)

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Environ Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Environmental Clearance Ligno-Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant at Gram Panchayat Baholi, Refinery Road, Panipat-132140 District Panipat, Haryana

CHAPTER 2 Project Description 2.1 Introduction

The Government of India (GOI) approved the National Policy on Biofuels on May, 2018. The policy encourages use of renewable energy resources as alternate fuel to supplement transport fuels and had proposed an indicative target to replace 20% of petroleum fuel consumption with biofuels by end of Year 2022. To ensure implementation of ethanol blending program ‘Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA)’ recommended 5% mandatory blending of ethanol in gasoline in Nov-2012.

This project would be a pioneering effort and first plant of its kind in India to demonstrate techno economic viability of producing bio-ethanol from agricultural crop residues. This technology gives India a formidable tool to reduce its GHG emissions and fulfill its responsibility towards protecting environment. As mentioned earlier the CII & AT Kearney joint report shows that, By 2020, a CO2 reduction of 3-4 %( over those that existed in 2000) creating an abatement of 10 million to 12 million tons of CO2 equivalent is possible.

IOCL Panipat has proposed to install a new 100 KLPD capacity biomass (Non Food) based second generation Ethanol production plant in the near IOCL Panipat Refinery at Panipat district, Haryana. Below mentioned are salient features of the Plant. Table 2.1: Salient features of new proposed 100 KLPD plant

Salient features of the proposed new 100 KLPD Pilot Plant: 1 The project will implement advanced second generation ethanol producing/manufacturing techniques 2 Feedstock used are Agricultural residues like rice straw/wastes (Cellulosic, Non food Biomass) and thus adapt recycle concept reducing GHG emissions 3 Indigenous technology 4 No increase in pollution load 5 No increase in use of resources 6 Plant will be installed near Panipat Refinery.

2.2 Project Location The location of the project site of IOCL Panipat Refinery at Panipat district, Haryana. The satellite image is shown below.The project is proposed at existing IOCL Land.

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Environ Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Environmental Clearance Ligno-Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant at Gram Panchayat Baholi, Refinery Road, Panipat-132140 District Panipat, Haryana

Dismantling of existing tank related facilities will be done, however some basic facilities may be utilized.

Figure2.1: Satellite Imagery of Project Site

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Environ Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Environmental Clearance Ligno-Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant at Gram Panchayat Baholi, Refinery Road, Panipat-132140 District Panipat, Haryana

Figure 2.2: Plot Plan for new 100 KLPD Plant

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Environ Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Environmental Clearance Ligno-Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant at Gram Panchayat Baholi, , Panipat Refinery Road, Panipat-132140 District Panipat, Haryana

The total area required for the project will be 34.66 acres. The breakup of the same is given in the table below Table 2.2 Area Statement Table 2.2 Area Statement

Proposed S. No. Particulars Percentage Land Area (Acres)

Feed stock, Process 1 15.95 46% Plant,storage and utility

2 Building 1.5 4.33%

3 Roads & Parking area 6 17.31%

5 Green Belt Area (33 %) 11.21 33%

Total 34.66 100 %

2.3 Technical Details of the Plant The proposed 100 KLPD capacity Plant will utilize agricultural crop residues (stubbles, straw, plants ) and other Ligno cellulosic feed stocks to produce Absolute Alcohol.

Table 2.3: Technical Details of the plant

Sr. Description Feed Stock (Bagasse) No 1 Product Details : Absolute Alcohol Maximum 100 KLPD (Maximum with 0.50% v/v moisture) (Total Ethanol production capacity per year)

2 Feed Stock Details 426 TPD (on dry basis), Raw Material Requirement 473 TPD (as is basis). Min. Cellulose 33 % Min. Hemicellulose 18.2 % Min. Lignin 17.5% Max. Moisture 10% 3 No of working / operation for plant 300 days per Year

5 Other By products CO2 ( 78 TPD ), methane, lignin etc. 6 Utilities Requirement Steam: 48 TPD

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Power: 13000 KWH

Fresh Water: 125 m3/hr

Manpower: Construction Phase - 22 months First three month (1 to 3 M)- 25 persons/month avg. Next three month (4 to 9 M) – 500 persons/month avg Next three month (10 to 12 M)- 950 persons/month Next three month (13 to 15 M)-1325 persons/month Next three month (16 to 19) -955 persons/month Next three month (20 to 22 M)-250 persons/Month Next three month(23 to 24 M)-100 persons/Month

Operation Phase 35 shifts

2.4 Process Operations involved at the plant The Project will comprise of following Sections/Process Operations: VI. BIOMASS PREPARATION SECTION:  Biomass Storage  Material Handling, Milling, Conveying and Wet washing.

VII. MAIN PROCESS PLANT:  Pre-treatment  Enzymatic Hydrolysis  Co-Fermentation  Distillation  Dehydration

VIII. RESIDUE HANDLING SECTION:  Solid Liquid Separation  Evaporation  Process Condensate Treatment Plant

IX. UTILITIES & AUXILIARIES:  Boiler Page 42 of 180

 Water Treatment Plant  Chemical Storage  Cooling Tower  Air Compressor  Product Storage  Enzyme and ADY Storage  Electrical System from grid to individual consumer  Control System- DCS  Utility Blow down treatment plant

X. OFF-SITE PACKAGES:  Fire Fighting System  Weigh Bridge

Figure2.3: Process scheme showing material inputs to product output

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Table2.5: Basis of Design for considering 100 KLPD Plant

Sr.No Particulars Rice Straw

1. Plant Capacity Maximum 100 KLPD 2. Feed stock Rice Straw 3. Requirement of 426 TPD (on dry basis) Feedstock 473 TPD (as is basis)

Table 2.6 : Requirement of Inputs: Sr.No Particulars Capacity/Requirements

1. Feed stock (Non Food Biomass mainly rice straw and 426 MT/Day (Dry Basis) or other Ligno cellulosic feed stocks) 473 MT/Day (As is Basis) 2. Steam consumption 1152 MT/Day 3. Process, Soft water for Main Process Plant and Cooling The fresh water tower make-up consumption – For Process plant – 250 – 300 m3/ day For Cooling tower make up- 1500 – 1700 m3/ day For Boiler – DM water make up – 500 to 600 m3/day 4. Additives Acid I- 11 - 14 TPD Acids, Enzymes, Chemicals , Nutrients, Yeast (Active Dry Acid-II- 0.5 - 1 TPD Yeast/Distiller’s Yeast) Chemical 1- 18 - 22 TPD Chemical 2- 8 - 10 TPD Nutrients- 3 – 5 TPD Enzyme- 2.5 - 3 TPD Yeast- 0.03 TPD 4. Estimated Power Consumption(KW / day) 311520 Operating Load for 24 hrs 5. Total Electrical Load (Estimated) 389.5 MW per Day

2.7 Process Description 2.7.1 Material Handling, Milling & Wet Washing Section: The purpose of this section is to outline the technical specifications for Feed Stock Handling System for conveying the feed stock, de-stoning and screening, magnetic particle separation, intermediate storage, necessary safety controls and instrumentation for automatic operation, weighing system, vibratory screen system with rated capacity as per layout and parameters mentioned in these specifications.

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The Feed Stock handling system shall be designed for all feed stock materials mentioned in technical specifications and for the levels of moisture mentioned in the feed stock. The complete installation will be outdoor type. All components in system, instrumentation, motors, gearbox, etc. shall be suitable for outdoor installation and necessary local canopies will be provided as per good engineering practices. A closed room will be provided for installation of M.C.C Panel only.

From storage, raw material will be fed to the feed conveyor of Feed Stock handling system with the help of front end loaders etc. for further processing of size reduction, stones separation, and removal of foreign particles, intermediate storage and further conveying. A Permanent Magnet type metal separator shall be installed to remove metallic foreign particles from the feed stock. A proper access will be provided to the magnetic separator for easy removal of separated metallic particles.

The milling unit will be supplied to crush biomass up to desired particle size and integrated with upward and downward conveying system including interconnecting chutes, bellows, hoods for Dust- Extraction system; etc. will be included in the handling system.

The controlled flow rate from the silo shall be fed to the wet washing system for further processing. Washing will be done at ambient conditions @ 3-3.5 % w/w solids. The wet biomass is further squeezed to increase solid up to 25 - 27 % w/w with the help of aqua separator and screw press. The wet washed, sized feed stock shall be conveyed from Wet Washing System to Pre-treatment section with Belt Conveyor and washed water will be sent to clarification section for recycle. The clarified water will be recycled back to washing section and clarifier bottom will be sent for further treatment in Evaporation section.

The purpose of this section is to outline the technical specifications for Feed Stock Handling System for conveying the feed stock, de-stoning and screening, magnetic particle separation, intermediate storage, necessary safety controls and instrumentation for automatic operation, weighing system, vibratory screen system with rated capacity as per layout and parameters mentioned in these specifications.

2.7.2 Pre Treatment Section

In this section, mainly C5 hydrolysis is done (i.e. conversion of Xylan to Xylose) in a reactor, where a slurry concentration of about 18%-20% is maintained. The mixed acid solution is continuously fed as per the requirement. The slurry is treated at about 160 - 190 deg C and 10 - 12 bar pressure. The Page 45 of 180

slurry from reactor is flashed in a Flash Vessel and then pumped to Enzymatic Hydrolysis section. Water from the steam flashing shall be recycled back to process.

2.7.3 Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Co Fermentation Section:

The pre-treated slurry is fed to the Pre-hydrolysis reactor. Reaction conditions maintained are pH in the range of 5.0 to 5.5, temperature of about 50 to 55 deg C at atmospheric Pressure before Enzyme addition. Enzyme shall be added to the reactor as per required dose. The reaction will continue in the Pre-hydrolysis reactor for few hrs and then the contents are transferred to main Hydrolysis reactor for further processing.

2.7.4 Co -fermentation Section: Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) type Activated Dry Yeast (ADY) will be mixed with water in Yeast slurry preparation tank and fed to Pre-fermenter for further propagation. The sugar rich slurry from Hydrolysis reactor is then cooled to 32 – 34°C and fed to the Fermenter. Pre-fermenters are also provided for yeast propagation and different nutrients are added as per the required dosages. The Pre-fermenter volume is transferred to Main fermenter for fermentation process. Once the desired alcohol is achieved, fermented wash is transferred from fermenter to beer well and from beer well to distillation section.

CO2 evolved during fermentation shall be vented off at safe location through GMO filter. Page 46 of 180

2.7.5 Distillation Section: The fermented mash from the Co-fermentation section is distilled and dehydrated to get Fuel grade ethanol.

“ECOFINE” Split Distillation consists of -

 Stripping Section: This section consists of following distillation columns.

 Degasifying Column: The primary function of Degasifying Column is to remove non- condensable gases and low boiling impurities from the fermented mash. Preheated Fermented mash is fed to Degasifying Column.

 Split Mash Column: The primary function of Mash Column is to strip off ethanol from Fermented mash. Split Mash Column helps in reduction of overall steam consumption in Distillation Section.

 Rectification Section: This section consists of following distillation columns.

 Rectifier cum Exhaust Column: The primary function of this column is to concentrate the ethanol. Ethanol is enriched at the top and is drawn out as hydrous ethanol and is fed to Dehydration Plant for further concentration.

2.7.6 Dehydration Section: The process drives the rectified feed through a system of mole sieve beds. To allow for mole sieve bed regeneration in continuous operation, twin beds are provided of which one is in dehydration mode while the other is in regenerating mode. Depending on feed and product specifications, the dehydration-regeneration exchange takes place based on set time cycle. As the regeneration process releases the adsorbed water together with ethanol content, it is recycled back to system for reprocessing.

The feed is pumped to Vaporizer Tank. The overhead vapor of vaporizer Tank is superheated in super heater to the required operating temperature and circulated to sieve bed 1 assumed in the description to be in dehydration mode. After passing through the molsieve, the vapor is condensed.

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The regeneration operation forces the release of the moisture from the molsieve, making the sieve bed 2 ready for the next cycle. The condensed liquid is fed to simmering column to enhance the product quality by removal of low boiling impurity from fuel grade ethanol. The Bottom of simmering column is taken as Fuel Grade Ethanol and sent to storage after product cooler. The low boiling impurities removed from the top of the simmering column and send to technical alcohol storage tank as a by-product.

2.7.7 Solid -Liquid Separation The Spent Mash generated in distillation shall be pumped to solid liquid separation section. The solid stream shall be used as a feed to boiler and the liquid stream (Thin Slop) shall be sent to evaporation section.

2.7.8 Thin Slop Evaporation The Thin Slop is further concentrated by water evaporation in evaporators to produce the concentrated syrup which will be mixed with solid stream generated from solid liquid separation before feed to boiler. Evaporation (water evaporated) process condensate will be partially recycled back to process and remaining will be sent to polishing unit for further treatment.

2.7.9 Process Condensate Polishing Unit The process condensate from evaporation plant will be treated through anaerobic followed by aerobic biological process in addition to separation in condensate polishing unit. The treated process condensate then will be sent OSBL (outside battery limit) for utility makeup. The sludge generated out of biological process will be send as manure for agricultural field. 2.10 Output On the basis of design inputs the following outputs are expected from the plant: Table 2.8: Outputs expected from plants Sr. No Output Products Quantity 1. Absolute Alcohol (AA) 100 KLPD Maximum (with 0.50% v/v moisture) 2. Raw CO2 78TPD (It will be scrubbed with water and released to atm at safe location) 3. Lignin rich cake (40% w/w) 467 TPD (The lignin rich wet cake shall be used as fuel for the boiler. It shall be mixed with the primary fuel and shall be incinerated in the boiler to generate steam 4. Fusel Oils 0.2 TPD Fusel Oils (a mixture of higher alcohols) removed from the system will be burn in Boiler. 5 Sludge from Process Condensate 4.5-8.5 TPD Sludge is nothing but microorganisms based Treatment Plant biological sludge. The sludge is generated from different biological processes carried out to treat Process Condensate Page 48 of 180

coming from Evaporation Section of 2G Ethanol Plant. The collected sludge is subjected to dewatering action in solid/liquid separation unit to increase the suspended solid concentration. This sludge is then sent to farms as manure. 6 Ash Ash generated (120- 130 TPD ) Ash from the boiler is collected and conveyed into silo for the storage. This ash will be transported to Cement or Brick Manufacturing Unit by means of closed trucks . The ash analysis is shared to Ultra Tech Cement, Shree Cement, Ambuja Cement, Nirman Cement and under discussion.The logistics will be planned to avoid any stoppage of the plant. 7 Biogas Biogas generated (2400-3800 m3/day) in Process Biogas will be burned in the boiler as a fuel Table 2.9:Estimated Variable Cost of Production Estimated Variable Cost of Production

Sr. Component Cost in Rs. per Total cost of No Lit of Ethanol Production per day in Rs.in Lacks 1 Utilities 11 - 13 11 - 13 2 Consumables 15 - 18 15 - 18 (Conversion cost) 3 Feedstock 6.5 – 8.5 6.5 – 8.5 4 Labour & Routine 3.5 – 4.5 3.5 – 4.5 Maintenance Total Cost of Production 36 - 44 36 - 44

2.10 Estimated Capital Investment Sr. Particulars Amount In No INR (Cr) 1 Land, Site development, Infrastructural facilities, 110 - 130 Construction facilities, Roads, Non plant buildings, Civil foundations, Plant buildings & structures 2 Design, engineering, consultancy, statutory fees, 40 - 50 travelling, conveyance, Project management, Construction management etc. 3 Main Plant & Machinery including packing, taxes & 375 - 425 duties, transportation 4 Construction period expenses, start-up & 3 - 5 commissioning expenses TOTAL 528 – 610

Time Line: The project will be completed constructed within 2-3 years.

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CHAPTER 3 Description of Environment

3.1 Introduction

Baseline Environmental Studies have been conducted to determine the existing status of various Environmental attributes viz., Climate and Atmospheric conditions, Air, Water, Noise, Soil, Hydro geological, Land use pattern, Ecological and Socio-Economical environment, prior to setting up of the proposed project. This study would help to undertake corrective mitigation measures for protection of the environment on account of any change deviation of attributes due to activities of the proposed project.

3.2 Scope of Baseline Study An area, covering a 10 km radial distance from the project site is considered as the study area for the purpose of the baseline studies. Primary data on Water, Air, Land, Flora, Fauna & Socio-Economic data were collected by a team of Engineers and Scientists. Secondary data was collected from various Departments of State/Central Government Organizations, Semi-Government and Public Sector Organizations. Table 3.1 gives various environmental attributes considered for formulating environmental baseline and Table 3.2 gives the frequency and monitoring methodology for various environmental attributes.

The monitoring was carried out during 01stDecember, 2016 to 28th February, 2017. However, the field study data was revalidated by monitoring/surveying the project location from 14th May 2018 to 21st May 2018 to determine existing conditions of various environmental attributes.

Table 3.1: Environmental Attributes S. N Attribute Parameter Source of Data Wind Speed, Wind direction, Indian Meteorological Climatology & 1 Relative humidity, Rainfall and Department and Site specific Meteorology Temperature information Physical and Chemical Monitored Data (Surface water – 2 Water Quality parameters 2 locations and ground water - 7 locations)

Ambient Air PM , PM , SO , NO , CO & 3 10 2.5 2 x Monitored Data (8 locations) Quality TVOC 4 Noise levels Noise levels in dB (A) Monitored Data (8 locations)

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Field survey and Secondary Ecology Existing terrestrial flora and 5 sources fauna within the study area

6 Geology Geological history Secondary sources Soil types and samples Analysis of soil samples at seven 7 Soil analyzed for physical and locations chemical parameters. Socio-economic Socio-Economic characteristics Based on field survey and data 8 Aspects of the affected area collected from secondary sources Trend of land use change for 9 Land Use Secondary data different categories

Table 3.2: Frequency and Monitoring Methodology

Sampling Measurement Attributes Remarks Network Frequency Method A. Meteorology

Wind Speed, Wind direction, Continuous for 3 Weather monitor Relative Project site months with data base humidity, Rainfall and Temperature

B. Air Environment Gravimetric Particulate (High- Volume As per Matter (PM ) 10 with Cyclone) CPCB Gravimetric standards Particulate 24 hourly-Twice (High- Volume under Matter (PM ) a week for 3 2.5 with Cyclone) 18th months in Non- Novembe EPA Modified Oxides of Sulphur Monsoon r 2009 Requisite West & Gaeke (SO ) season Notificati 2 locations in method on for the project Arsenite Oxides of National influence Modified Jacob & Nitrogen (NO ) Ambient x area Hochheiser Air Total Volatile Quality Organic EPA Method TO -- Standards Compounds 17 (NAAQS) (TVOC) Gas Analyzer Carbon Monoxide (NDIR) C. Noise Requisite Instrument : Hourly equivalent IS: 4954 locations in Once Sound level noise levels 1968 the project meter Page 51 of 180

influence area D. Water Parameters for water quality: pH, temp, turbidity, Total hardness, Samples for water total alkalinity, quality collected and chloride, analyzed as per IS : sulphate, nitrate, 2488 (Part 1-5) fluoride, sodium, Set of grab methods for potassium, samples At sampling and testing Electrical requisite of Industrial Conductivity, locations for Once effluents Standard Ammonical ground and methods for nitrogen, Nitrate- surface examination of water Nitrogen total water and wastewater phosphorus, analysis published by BOD, COD, American Public Calcium, Health Association. Magnesium, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Suspended Solids etc E. Land Environment Parameter for soil Requisite quality: pH, soil samples texture, electrical be collected Collected and conductivity, as per BIS analyzed as per organic matter, specificatio Once in season soil analysis nitrogen, n within reference book, phosphate, project M.L.Jackson sodium, calcium, influence potassium and area Magnesium.etc F. Biological Environment Requisite Collected and Terrestrial & locations in analyzed as per Aquatic Flora and the project Once in season IUCN Red Data Fauna influence book. area

3.3 Climate and Meteorology The climate of the area is characterized by a hot and dry summer from March to May, a south-west monsoon or rainy season from June to September, a pleasant post-monsoon or retreating monsoon from October to November and a cool winter from December to February.

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3.3.1 Temperature The monthly maximum and minimum temperature recorded on-site during the aforesaid monitoring period (1st December, 2016 – 28th February, 2017) varies between (32 to 1)°C and (16 to 6.2)°C respectively with overall maximum and minimum temperatures being 37.3°C and 6.2°C respectively

It could be observed that, the pattern of data recorded on-site generally matches with the past data of IMD.

3.3.2 Relative Humidity The monthly minimum and maximum relative humidity recorded onsite during the said monitoring period varied between (33-41)% and (76-69)% respectively, the overall minimum and maximum being 33% & 76% respectively.

3.3.3 Atmospheric Pressure The overall minimum and maximum atmospheric pressures recorded on-site during the said monitoring period were 754.1 mm Hg and 760.3 mm Hg respectively. Such values compare well with the past IMD data.

3.3.4 Rainfall The average annual rainfall at Karnal, Haryana is 800 mm/year (As per IMD), 80% of which occurs during monsoon months (June- September). Total 33mm rainfall was recorded during the monitoring period.

Figure 3.1: Wind rose of the Project Site

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3.4 Topography and Geology

3.4.1 Topography The study area forms part of Indo gangetic plain and lies in Yamuna Sub basin of the Ganges basin. Physio-graphically, the area is characterized by two distinct features - vast upland plains and Yamuna flood plains. The area is mainly drained by River Yamuna and its tributaries. Topography of the area is almost flat with gentle slope in the northwest to southeast direction towards Yamuna River. Panipat Main Drain originating in the north western side passes through the town towards Yamuna in southeast direction.

3.4.2 Geology

The study area is occupied by geological formations of Quaternary Age comprising of recent alluvial deposits belonging to the vast Gangetic alluvial plains. The district has two types of soils – tropical arid brown and arid brown soils. The arid brown soils are found in major parts of the area whereas tropical arid brown soils are found in north eastern part of the district.

Fig 3.2 : Depth of water level ( pre monsoon and post monsoon)

3.4.2.1Drainage Pattern: Panipat district covers an area of 1268 sq. km. The District lies in the indo Gangetic plain area. It slopes from north east to south west. But in eastern part slope is from north to south. The plain is a flat area. Perennial River Yamuna makes eastern boundary of the district. The district possesses a good network of canals emanating from Western Yamuna Canal. All the distributaries depend upon this canal for water requirement.

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Fig 3.3 : Drainage map of the Panipat District

3.5 Ambient Air Quality

The sources of air pollution in the region are industrial emissions, vehicular traffic, dust arising from unpaved village roads and domestic fuel burning. The prime objective of the baseline air quality study was to establish the existing ambient air quality of the area. This will be useful for assessing the conformity to standards of the ambient air quality during the operation of the proposed project.

3.5.1 Methodology for Monitoring and Analysis

Envirotech APM 460 BL Respirable Dust Sampler (RDS) and Sampler (Envirotech APM 550)/ Ecotech (AAS 127) fine particulate matter were deployed for ambient air quality monitoring. The baseline data of air environment is monitored for the below mentioned parameters:

 Particulate Matter (PM2.5);

 Particulate Matter (PM10);

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 Sulphur dioxide (SO2);

 Di oxides of Nitrogen (NO2);

 Ozone (O3);  Lead (Pb);  Carbon Monoxide (CO);

 Ammonia (NH3);

 Benzene (C6H6);  Benzo (a) Pyrene (BaP);  Arsenic (As);  Nickel (Ni) 3.5.2 Sampling and Analytical Techniques

PM2.5 and PM10 have been estimated by gravimetric method. Modified West and Gaeke method (IS-

5182 part-II, 1969) have been adopted for estimation of SO2. Jacobs-Hochheiser method (IS-5182

part-IV, 1975) has been adopted for the estimation of NO2.

Samples for carbon monoxide were analyzed using NDIR techniques. The techniques adopted for sampling and analysis are given in Table 3.3along with the minimum detection limits for each parameter.

Table 3.3: Methodology adopted for Sampling and Analysis S.No. Parameter Technique Detectable Limit (µg / m3)

1 Particulate Matter (PM10) Gravimetric [EPA -40 (CFR Part 50)] 2.0

2 Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Gravimetric [EPA -40 (CFR Part 50)] 2.0

3 Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) Improved West and Gaeke 5.0

4 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Modified Jacob & Hochheiser 5.0 5 Carbon Monoxide (CO) NDIR [IS 13270 : 1992] 0.1

6 Ammonia (NH3) Nesslers Method (APHA) 20

7 Ozone (O3) KI Absorption Method 5.0 8 Lead (Pb) AAS Method [IS 5182 (Part 22) : 2004] 0.1 9 Arsenic (As) AAS Method [IS 5182 (Part 22) : 2004] 0.001 10 Nickel (Ni) AAS Method [IS 5182 (Part 22) : 2004] 0.001

11 Benzene (C6H6) Adsorption & Desorption followed by GC 0.01 [IS 5182 (Part 11) : 2006] 12 Benzo (a) pyrene (BaP) Solvent Extraction followed by GC 0.00 Analysis [IS 5282 (Part 12) : 1991]

3.5.3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations Eight stations were for ambient air quality monitoring based as per guidelines of CPCB. Ambient air quality monitoring locations are shown in Table 3.4 and Figure 3.2.

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3.5.4 Status of Ambient Air Quality The status of ambient air quality monitored at the 8 locations during the study period is tabulated in Table 3.5

Table 3.4: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations Dist. (Km) Sampling Location Code S. No. Direction from Latitude Longitude & Name project site 1. A1 Project Site NE 0.00 29°29'50.38"N 76°56'53.59"E 2 A2 Bholi SE 6.11 29°25'51.98"N 76°55'8.83"E 3 A3 Rajapur E 4.40 29°28'31.32"N 76°55'13.65"E 4 A4 Gudha NW 2.3 29°27'22.77"N 76°51'4.01"E 5 A5 Assankalan S 7.0 29°24'35.69"N 76°52'38.32"E 6 A6 Untala SSW 9.17 29°23'33.19"N 76°50'58.60"E 7 A7 Kutana NNE 3.10 29°29'37.64"N 76°53'39.18"E 8 A8 Sherah WSW 6.41 29°26'24.99"N 76°49'7.65"E

Figure 3.4:Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations

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Table 3.5: Ambient Air Quality (Dec. 2016 to Feb. 2017)

PM2.5 PM10 SO2 NO2 Code Location 98 98 Min Max Avg 98 per Min Max Avg Min Max Avg 98 per Min Max Avg per per Project AQ1 47.7 58.3 53.01 57.6 77 95.76 85.49 95.6 18 25.48 20.9 24.59 26 35.15 31.3 35.07 Site AQ2 Baholi 20 42 30.25 41 40 72 58.31 72 12 23 15.9 22 24 44 33.2 43 AQ3 Rajapur 49 57 53 55 23 42 30.44 41 9 23 15.6 22 15 38 31.4 37.5 AQ4 Gudha 19 37 29.33 35.75 47 69 57.81 69 9 19 14.8 19 17 36 30.9 36 AQ5 Assankalan 32 48 34.62 46.5 52 79 63.42 79 17 25 20.5 24.5 27 39 33.1 38.5 AQ6 Untala 34.1 48.98 41.16 48.98 55 79 66.38 79 18 33 27.1 32.5 29 40 34.1 39.5 AQ7 Kutana 23 42 30.19 41 45 69 57.45 68.5 8 21 15.5 21 22 37 31.6 37 AQ8 Shera 22.1 31.05 26 31.05 49 69 57.77 69 9 18 14.8 18 9 28 21.8 27 CPCB / MOEF Standards Industrial / Residential / Rural 60 100 80 80 and Other Area

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Table 3.6: Ambient Air Quality Code Location CO O3 NH3 MHC 98 98 Min Max Avg Min Max Avg 98 per Min Max Avg 98 per Min Max Avg per per

AQ1 Project Site 0.7 1.1 0.93 1.1 18 36.25 24.41 33.62 1.1 83.19 72.89 82.59 0.4 3.1 1.62 3.1 AQ2 Bholi 0.7 1.1 0.8 1.06 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 0.4 3.1 1.62 3.1 AQ3 Rajapur 0.6 1.1 0.8 1.05 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 AQ4 Gudha 0.8 1.1 0.9 1.06 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 AQ5 Assankalan 1 2.1 1.41 2 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 AQ6 Untala 1.1 2.1 1.47 2 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 AQ7 Kutana 0.7 1.1 0.9 1.02 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 AQ8 Shera 0.8 1.1 0.9 1.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 CPCB / MOEF Standards Industrial / Residential 4 80 400 / Rural and Other Area

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Table 3.7: Ambient Air Quality Code Location NMHC Benzene Bap As Min Max Avg 98 per Min Max Avg 98 per Min Max Avg 98 Min Max Avg 98 per per

AQ1 Project Site 0.7 1.1 0.93 1.1 1.8 3.25 2.41 3.62 .1 0.19 0.8 0.89 0.4 3.1 1.62 3.1 AQ2 Bholi 0.1 5 2.16 4.25 2.1 3.6 2.58 3.35 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 AQ3 Rajapur <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 AQ4 Gudha <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 AQ5 Assankalan <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.4 0.9 0.68 0.9 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 AQ6 Untala <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.4 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 AQ7 Kutana <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 AQ8 Shera <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 CPCB / MOEF Standards Industrial / Residential / Rural and 5 1 6 Other Area

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Table 3.8: Ambient Air Quality

Code Location Ni Pb Min Max Avg 98 per Min Max Avg 98 per AQ1 Project Site 0.7 1.1 0.93 1.1 0.15 0.20 0.18 0.19 AQ2 Bholi <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 AQ3 Rajapur <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 AQ4 Gudha <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 AQ5 Assankalan <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 AQ6 Untala <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 AQ7 Kutana <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 AQ8 Shera <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Industrial / Residential / Rural 20 0.5 and Other Area

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Table 3.9: Ambient Air quality Result (May 2018)

PM2.5 PM10 SO2 NO2 Code Location 98 98 98 Min Max Avg 98 per Min Max Avg Min Max Avg Min Max Avg per per per Project AQ1 49.8 57 55.2 58.3 78 94 86.1 93.2 15 23.6 19.8 24.59 24.5 32.6 29.6 33.5 Site AQ2 Baholi 23 45 32.6 43.3 42 73 60.2 74 10 21.9 14.9 20.2 22.3 42.6 31.9 40.3 AQ3 Rajapur 51 59 55.8 58.2 25.1 44 33.6 44.5 8 20.9 12.3 20.3 13.6 35.6 29.8 35.6 AQ4 Gudha 21 39 32.6 34.2 50.3 70.2 59.3 70.1 8.3 15.7 13.6 18.2 15.6 35.8 29.5 35.8 AQ5 Assankalan 36 51 36.1 48.3 54.1 80.1 64.6 80.1 16.2 22.9 19.3 22.3 25.8 38.9 32.2 35.1 AQ6 Untala 37 52.3 44.9 49.2 56 80.3 68.3 81.2 14.3 30.1 25.2 31.3 27.2 36.7 32.1 37.2 AQ7 Kutana 36 48 33.7 44 47.5 71.5 59.3 70.2 7.9 19.8 13.2 19.5 19.5 34.5 30.5 34.2 AQ8 Shera 24 33 29.3 33.6 51.1 72.6 59.3 71.2 8.5 17.9 13.6 16.3 7.9 27.5 19.8 25.4 CPCB / MOEF Standards Industrial / Residential / Rural 60 100 80 80 and Other Area

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Code Location CO O3 NH3 MHC 98 98 Min Max Avg Min Max Avg 98 per Min Max Avg 98 per Min Max Avg per per

AQ1 Project Site 0.62 1.0 0.5 1.12 17 35.21 22.40 32.60 1.3 81.1 71.5 82.59 0.4 2.87 1.7 3.3 AQ2 Bholi 0.6 1.0 0.7 1.09 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 0.4 3.1 1.62 3.1 AQ3 Rajapur 0.62 1.0 0.7 1.04 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 AQ4 Gudha 0.75 1.0 0.6 1.07 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 AQ5 Assankalan 0.9 2.0 1.42 1.9 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 AQ6 Untala 1.0 2.0 1.45 2.1 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 AQ7 Kutana 0.5 1.0 0.89 1.05 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 AQ8 Shera 0.7 1.0 0.8 1.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 CPCB / MOEF Standards Industrial / Residential 4 80 400 / Rural and Other Area

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Code Location NMHC Benzene Bap As Min Max Avg 98 per Min Max Avg 98 per Min Max Avg 98 Min Max Avg 98 per per

AQ1 Project Site 0.6 1.12 0.96 1.15 1.78 3.24 2.40 3.66 .1 0.20 0.8 0.83 0.41 3.13 1.65 3.14 AQ2 Bholi 0.1 5 2.16 4.25 2.1 3.6 2.58 3.35 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 AQ3 Rajapur <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 AQ4 Gudha <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 AQ5 Assankalan <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.4 0.9 0.68 0.9 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 AQ6 Untala <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.4 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 AQ7 Kutana <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 AQ8 Shera <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 CPCB / MOEF Standards Industrial / Residential / Rural 5 1 6 and Other Area

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Code Location Ni Pb Min Max Avg 98 per Min Max Avg 98 per AQ1 Project Site 0.69 1.12 0.94 1.13 0.14 0.22 0.15 0.15 AQ2 Bholi <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 AQ3 Rajapur <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 AQ4 Gudha <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 AQ5 Assankalan <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 AQ6 Untala <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 AQ7 Kutana <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 AQ8 Shera <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Industrial / Residential / Rural and Other 20 0.5 Area

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3.5.4.1 Ambient Air Quality as per CAAQMS

IOCL Panipat unit has its own Environmental management cell that looks after Health, Safety and Environment Department under its technical services department, which consists of well-qualified and experienced technical personnel from the relevant fields, will be in place to look after environment mitigation measures during the construction and operation phase.

The staff monthly monitors the various locations in the IOCL plant premises, they have set up continuous ambient air quality monitoring stations in the company. They have set up 5 air monitoring locations in the industry, 1 air monitoring location in the township and 2 air monitoring locations near Panipat city.

Figure 3.5: Location of AAQ Station within Plant

Table 3.10: Air Quality Within the plant Time NAAQ S. No. Pollutants Unit Weighted Dec’16 Jan’17 Feb’17 Standards Average 3 1 SO2 µg/m 24 hrs. 80 25.48 23.71 23.57 3 2 NO2 µg/m 24 hrs. 80 35.15 32.55 34.76 3 3 PM 10 µg/m 24 hrs. 100.0 95.44 93.76 95.76 3 4 PM 2.5 µg/m 24 hrs. 60 55.44 55.12 54.21 3 5 Ozone (O3) µg/m 8 hrs. 100.0 36.25 24.83 26.58 6 Lead (Pb) µg/m3 24 hrs. 1 0.05 0.04 0.03

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7 CO mg/m3 8 hrs. 2 1.10 1.10 1.10 3 8 Ammonia (NH3) µg/m 24 hrs 400 83.19 75.97 77.69 3 9 Benzene (C6H6) µg/m Annual 5 1.46 1.41 1.38 Benzo(O) <0.2 10 ng/m3 Annual 1 <0.2 <0.2 Pyrene 11 Arsenic (As) ng/m3 Annual 6 0.24 0.26 0.24 12 Nickel (Ni) ng/m3 Annual 20 1.91 1.73 1.66

3.6 Water Environment 3.6.1 Ground Water Quality Ground water has been found as the most important source for catering the domestic needs of water consumption of local population throughout the study area. Therefore, any kind of deterioration owing to the industrial or the urban activities in the quality of ground water will pose serious threat to health and attention needs to be paid towards maintaining the quality of water using all possible tools such as regular monitoring with spontaneous remedial suggestions, if required. With this view, 7 monitoring stations (tube wells) in the study area are identified for assessment of ground water quality. These stations have been spread over the study area. The locations of the ground water quality monitoring stations are listed in Table-3.11and Figure 3.4.

Table 3.11: Ground Water Quality Monitoring Stations S.N Code Location Direction Dist. (Km) Latitude Longitude 1 GW1 Bahauli E 8.36 29°28'7.73"N 76°57'44.14"E 2 GW2 Near PTA - ETP - - - - Area 3 GW3 Baljatan WSW 2.97 29°27'20.94"N 76°51'3.59"E 4 GW4 Assankalan S 6.82 29°24'36.67"N 76°52'37.91"E 5 GW5 Untala SSW 9.05 29°23'32.78"N 76°50'59.41"E 6 GW6 Bhalsi SW 9.62 29°24'24.81"N 76°48'31.41"E 7 GW7 Near CISF Road NNE 1.79 29°29'15.59"N 76°52'45.76"E

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Figure 3.6: Groundwater and Surface water Monitoring Locations 3.6.1.1 Sampling and Analysis

The collected water samples were analyzed for physical and chemical parameters as parameters described in IS: 10500:2012. Table 3.12 gives desirable and permissible limits prescribed for potable water in IS: 10500: 2012.

Table 3.12 :Indian Standard Specification for Drinking Water S.N Characteristic Requirement Permissible Limit in Protocol (Acceptable the Absence of Limit) Alternate Source

I Organoleptic and Physical Parameters i) Colour, Hazen units, 5 15 IS 3025 (Part 4) Max ii) Odour Agreeable Agreeable IS 3025 (Part 5a) iii) pH value 6.5-8.5 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 11) iv) Taste Agreeable Agreeable IS 3025 (Part 7&8) v) Turbidity, NTU, Max 1 5 IS 3025 (Part 10) vi) Total dissolved 500 2000 IS 3025 (Part 16) solids, mg/l, Max II General Parameters Concerning Substances Undesirable in Excessive Amounts i) Aluminium (as Al), 0.03 0.2 IS 3025 (Part 55) mg/l, Max ii) Ammonia (as total 0.5 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 34) ammonia-N), mg/l, Max

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S.N Characteristic Requirement Permissible Limit in Protocol (Acceptable the Absence of Limit) Alternate Source

iii) Anionic detergents 0.2 1.0 IS 13428 (as MBAS) mg/l, Max iv) Barium (as Ba), 0.7 No relaxation IS 15302 mg/l, Max v) Boron (as B), mg/l, 0.5 1.0 IS 3025 (Part 57) Max vi) Calcium (as Ca), 75 200 IS 3025 (Part 40) mg/l, Max vii) Chloramines (as 4.0 No relaxation IS IS 3025 (Part 26) Cl2), mg/l, Max viii) Chloride (as Cl), 250 1000 IS 3025 (Part 32) mg/l, Max ix) Copper (as Cu), 0.05 1.5 IS 3025 (Part 42) mg/l, Max x) Fluoride (as F) mg/l, 1.0 1.5 IS 3025 (Part 60) Max xi) Free residual 0.2 1 IS 3025 (Part 26) chlorine, mg/l, Min xii) Iron (as Fe), mg/l, 0.3 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 53) Max xiii) Magnesium (as 30 100 IS 3025 (Part 46) Mg), mg/l, Max xiv) Manganese (as 0.1 0.3 IS 3025 (Part 59) Mn), mg/l, Max xv) Mineral oil, mg/l, 0.5 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 39) Max xvi) Nitrate (as NO3), 45 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 34) mg/l, Max xvii) Phenolic 0.001 0.002 IS 3025 (Part 43) compounds (as C6H5OH), mg/l, Max xviii) Selenium (as Se), 0.01 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 56) mg/l, Max xix) Silver (as Ag), mg/l, 0.1 No relaxation IS 13428 Max xx) Sulphate (as SO4) 200 400 IS 3025 (Part 24) mg/l, Max xxi) Sulphide (as H2S), 0.05 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 29) mg/l, Max xxii) Total alkalinity as 200 600 IS 3025 (Part 23) Calcium, mg/l, Max xxiii) Total hardness (as 200 600 IS 3025 (Part 21) CaCO3), mg/l, Max xxiv) Zinc (as Zn), mg/l, 5 15 IS 3025 (Part 49)

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S.N Characteristic Requirement Permissible Limit in Protocol (Acceptable the Absence of Limit) Alternate Source

Max III Parameters Concerning Toxic Substances i) Cadmium (as Cd), 0.003 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 41) mg/l, Max ii) Cyanide (as CN), 0.05 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 27) mg/l, Max iii) Lead (as Pb), mg/l, 0.01 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 47) Max iv) Mercury (as Hg), 0.001 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 48) mg/l, Max v) Molybdenum (as 0.07 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 2) Mo), mg/l, Max vi) Nickel (as Ni), mg/l, 0.02 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 54) Max vii) Polychlorinated 0.0005 viii) No relaxation APHA 6630 biphenyls, mg/l, Max viii) Polynuclear 0.0001 No relaxation APHA 6630 aromatic hydrocarbons (as PAH), mg/l, Max ix) Total Arsenic (as 0.01 0.05 IS 3025 (Part 37) As), mg/l, Max x) Total chromium (as 0.05 No relaxation IS 3025 (Part 52 Cr), mg/l, Max xi) Trihalomethanes a) Bromoform, mg/l, 0.1 No relaxation ASTM D 3973-85 or Max APHA 6232 b) Dibromochloromet 0.1 No relaxation ASTM D 3973-85 or hane, mg/l, Max APHA 6232 c) Bromodichlorometh 0.06 No relaxation ASTM D 3973-85 or ane, mg/l, Max APHA 6232 d) Chloroform, mg/l, 0.2 No relaxation ASTM D 3973-85 or Max APHA 6232 IV Bacteriological Quality of Drinking Water i All water intended Shall not be detectable in any 100 ml for drinking, sample a) E. coli or thermotolerant coliform bacteria (TCB) Source: Bureau of Indian Standard Code IS: 10500:2012.

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Table 3.13 : Ground water Quality in the Study Area

Sn. Parameters Units GW GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 GW7 1 1 pH - 7.90 7.72 8.21 7.56 7.63 7.40 8.67 2 Colour Haze <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 n 3 Odour Un Obje Un Un Un Un Un Un ctio Objectio Objectio Objectio Objectio Objectio Objectio n- n-able n-able n-able n-able n-able n-able able 4 Turbidity NTU <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 5 TDS mg/l 487 362 257 332 451 326 442 6 Hardness as mg/l 391 294 189 257 322 278 265 CaCO3 7 Nitrate as mg/l 3.9 6.6 4.4 7.4 8.2 3.5 7.8 NO3 8 Chloride as mg/l 42 59 35 32 45 39 65 Cl 9 Sulphate as mg/l 15 23 19 26 42 37 35 SO4 10 Calcium as mg/l 87 78 43 63 88 58 74 Ca 11 Magnesium mg/l 44 29 21 23 31 42 25 as Mg 12 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.18 0.21 0.24 0.22 13 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.70 0.45 0.21 0.52 0.82 0.87 0.90 14 Total Alkalinity as mg/l 382 293 185 255 320 275 290

CaCO3 15 Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.09 0.1 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.015 0.14 16 Copper as mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Cu 17 Cyanide as mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL CN 18 Arsenic as mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL As 19 Mercury as mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Hg 20 Lead as Pb mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 21 Chromium mg/l BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL as Cr+6 3.6.1.2 Observations

 Colour: The colour of ground water sample is found<1 hazen unit.  Odour: The odour of ground water sample is agreeable and meets the desirable limit for drinking water standard.

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 pH: The pH value of ground water river water sample is 7.4 to 8.67 and always meets the drinking water desirable standard.  Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): TDS of ground water is 257 to 487 mg/l.  Total Hardness: Total hardness value ground water sample is 189 to 391 mg/l.  Iron: The iron content in ground water sample is 0.12 to 0.24 mg/l and found within the permissible limit of 0.3 mg/l in the absence of alternate source of potable water.  Chloride: Chloride content of ground water sample is 32 to 65 mg/l and meets the acceptable limit of 250 mg/l.  Calcium: Calcium content in ground water 43 to 88 mg/l and found within the acceptable limit of 75 mg/l.  Magnesium: Magnesium content in ground water sample is 21 to 44 mg/l and found within the acceptable limit of 75 mg/l.  Sulphate: Sulphate content in ground water river water sample is 15.0 to 42.0 mg/l and meets the acceptable limit of 200 mg/l for potable water.  Nitrate: Nitrate content in ground water is 3.5 to 8.2 mg/l and meets the acceptable limit of 45 mg/l for potable water.  Fluoride: Fluoride content of water sample is 0.21 to 0.90 mg/l and meets the acceptable limit of 1 mg/l for potable water. Conclusions: The results of ground water were compared to Indian Standard Specification of drinking water IS: 10500:2012 and were found within the permissible limits. 3.6.2 Surface water Quality There is no river running around the proposed site. A good number of manmade canals and drains exist within the impact zone, namely Western Yamuna Canal, Main Drain No. 2, Munak Drain, Gagsina East Drain, Nahar Kuna Hansi Drain, Phurla Drain, Gandha Nala, Gahana Feeder, Untala Drain, Khandra Drain, Thirana Drain etc. These drains and nalas form a network spreading in the impact zone and they ultimately meet Yamuna. Of them, Western Yamuna Canal is the nearest major canal flowing within 2 km in the northern part of the location of the proposed site. The raw water requirement is fulfilled by Western Yamuna Canal. To assess the quality of surface water, 3 stations are selected and monitored. The sampling stations and their brief description are given in Table-3.14 Table 3.14 : Surface Water Quality Monitoring Locations S.N Code Location Direction Dist. (Km) Latitude Longitude

1 SW 1 On Munak river ESE 2.21 29°27'26.27" 76°53'30.59"E N

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2 SW2 Drain no.2 , Sithana ESE 0.84 29°27'3.24"N 76°54'20.95"E village 3 SW 3 Western Yamuna Canal S 3.69 29°27'50.81" 76°52'34.72"E N 3.6.2.1 Characteristics of Surface Water Samples

The surface water sample was collected from Munak River (SW1), Drain no.2 at Sithana village (SW2) and Western Yamuna Canal (SW3) and analyzed for physical and chemical parameters. Table 3.15 gives analyzed results of surface water and discussed below:

Table 3.15: Surface Water Quality S.No Parameters Unit SW1 SW2 SW3 1. Colour Hazan Colourless Colourless Colourless 2. Turbidity NTU 3. pH -- 7.41 7.89 7.71 4. Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 220 235 172 5. Total Hardness mg/l 135 125 105 6. Iron (Fe) mg/l 0.21 0.06 0.15 7. Chloride (Cl) mg/l 45 51 33 8. Calcium (Ca) mg/l 34 33 21 9. Magnesium (Mg) mg/l 12 10 13 10. Copper (Cu) mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 11. Manganese (Mn) mg/l <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 12. Sulphate (SO4) mg/l 15 27 16 13. Nitrate (NO3) mg/l 1.6 1.7 1.1 14. Fluoride (F) mg/l 0.24 0.15 0.11 15. Phenolic Compounds mg/l BDL BDL BDL 16. Mercury (Hg) mg/l BDL BDL BDL 17. Cadmium (Cd) mg/l BDL BDL BDL 18. Selenium (Se) mg/l BDL BDL BDL 19. Arsenic (As) mg/l BDL BDL BDL 20. Cyanide (CN) mg/l BDL BDL BDL 21. Lead (Pb) mg/l BDL BDL BDL 22. Zinc (Zn) mg/l BDL BDL BDL 23. Anionic Detergents mg/l BDL BDL BDL 24. Hexa. Chromium (Cr+6) mg/l BDL BDL BDL 25. Mineral Oil mg/l BDL BDL BDL 26. Pesticides mg/l BDL BDL BDL 27. Alkalinity as caco3 mg/l 101 176 155 28. Aluminum (as Al) mg/l BDL BDL BDL 29. Boron mg/l BDL BDL BDL 30. TSS mg/l 43 56 41 31. DO mg/l 5.5 4.4 5.1 32. BOD mg/l 9 21 18 33. COD mg/l 24 74 36 3.6.2.2 Observations

 Colour: The colour of surface water sample is found <1 hazen unit.

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 Odour: The odour of surface water sample is agreeable and meets the desirable limit for drinking water standard.  pH:The pH value of surface water sample is 7.4 – 7.8 and always meets the drinking water desirable standard.  Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): TDS of surface water sample is 172 - 235 mg/l and meets permissible limit of 500 mg/l.  Total Hardness: Total hardness value surface water sample is 105 – 135 mg/l Hardness value is within the acceptable limit of 200 mg/l.  Iron: The iron content in surface water sample is 0.06 – 0.21 mg/l and found within the permissible limit of 0.3 mg/l in the absence of alternate source of potable water.  Chloride: Chloride content of surface water sample is 33 - 51 mg/l and meets the acceptable limit of 250 mg/l.  Calcium: Calcium content in surface water sample is 21 - 34 mg/l and found within the acceptable limit of 75 mg/l.  Magnesium: Magnesium content in surface water sample is 10 – 13 mg/l and found within the acceptable limit of 75 mg/l.  Total Alkalinity: Total alkalinity of surface water sample is 101 - 176 mg/l and meets within the permissible limit 600 mg/l.  Sulphate: Sulphate content in surface water sample is 15 -27 mg/l and meets the acceptable limit of 200 mg/l for potable water.  Nitrate:Nitrate content in surface water sample is 1.1 – 1.7 mg/l and meets the acceptable limit of 45 mg/l for potable water.  Fluoride:Fluoride content of surface water sample is 0.11 – 0.24 mg/l and meets the acceptable limit of 1 mg/l for potable water.

3.6.3 Treated Water Quality IOCL Panipat Naphtha Cracker regular monitors the ETP waste water samples. The waste water sampling results at ETP showed that the all the wastewater was within permissible limits. The results are tabulated below:

Table 3.16: Treated Water Quality Parameter Limit Dec’16 Jan’17 Feb’17 pH 6.5-8.5 7.5 7.4 7.6 Fluoride <5.0 0.24 0.21 0.25 BOD 30 9.9 10 15 COD 250 119 120 125

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TSS 100 17.4 18 16 Phenol <1 0.10 0.20 0.25 sulfide 2 1.2 1.3 1.2

3.7 Noise Environment A total of eight locations within an area of 10 km radius around the project site have been selected for measurement of ambient noise levels, covering residential & sensitive areas. These locations have been displayed in Table 3.17.

Major Sources of Noise in Study Area

The study area is of both industrial & residential in nature. Vehicular movement on the roads is a source of noise in those residential & industrial areas. This increases the ambient noise levels. There are also a number of other domestic noise sources such as television, radio, loud speakers, etc.

3.7.1 Ambient Noise Monitoring In the present study, a sound level meter has measured sound pressure levels. Since loudness of sound is important for its effects on people, the dependence of loudness on frequency must be taken into account in environmental noise assessment. This has been achieved by using A-weighting filters in the noise measuring instrument which gives a direct reading of approximate loudness. Moreover, A-weighted equivalent continuous sound pressure level (Leq) values have been computed from the values of A-weighted sound pressure level (SPL) measured with the help of a noise meter. At each location, readings were taken at uniform interval over a twenty-four hours period, divided into day and night shifts. For a particular location daytime Leq has been computed from the SPL values measured between 6.00 A.M to 10.00 P.M and night time Leq from the SPL values measured between 10.00 P.M to 6.00 A.M such that comparison could be made with the National Ambient Noise Standards.

3.7.2 Noise Levels in the Study Area Noise levels in Leq at the respective locations separately for Day and Night times have been presented in Table 3.13. During the day time, the equivalent noise levels were found to vary in the range of (44.6 - 64) dB (A) while in the night time, the equivalent noise levels were observed to be varying in the range of (27-45) dB (A). The highest value of equivalent noise level pressure was found to be 64 dB (A) at Project Site while the lowest value was found to be 44.6 dB(A) during day time. As usual, the day time noise levels were found to be higher than those, observed at night level.

Table 3.17: Noise Levels in Study area Locations Category of Area Day Time dB(A) Night Time dB(A)

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Locations Category of Area Day Time dB(A) Night Time dB(A) Project Site Industrial 64 45 Bholi Residential 54.3 42.5 Rajapur Residential 53.4 41 Gudha Residential 57.3 42 Assankalan Residential 45.6 32 Untala Residential 55.9 38 Kutana Residential 54.0 33 Sherah Residential 44.6 27

3.8 Soil Environment

The district has two types of soils viz-tropical arid brown and arid brown soils (solemnized). The arid brown soils are found in major parts of the district whereas tropical arid brown soils are found in north eastern part of the district. Especially in parts of Bapoli and Panipat blocks. Mostly the soils are loam and Silty loam in the district as classified by the National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur, the district has mainly Aquepts-Ochrepts and Aquents Fluvents types of soil.

Soil Types in Haryana According to the Soil Taxonomic Classification the soils of Haryana fall in the following orders (C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University) S. No. Order Area (%) D (%) Districts 1. Inceptisols 58.0 All districts 2. Entisols 29.0 All districts 3. Aridisols 9.0 Sirsa, Fatehabad, Hisar and Bhiwani 4. Alfisols 2.0 Karnal and Kurukshetra 5. Hills and Rock outcrops 2.0 Mahendergarh, Rewari, Gurgaon and Panchkula

3.8.1 Field Study, Sampling and Analysis To assess the impacts of the industrial and urban activities on the soils in the area, the chemical characteristics of soils within the study area have been examined by obtaining soil samples from selected points and analysis of the same. The physico-chemical properties, nutrient content and infiltration characteristics of soils within the study area have been analyzed at five different locations during the study to establish the soil characteristics. Keeping in view the vegetative cover, soil types and maximum deposition of pollutants emitted through stacks, which would accord an overall idea of the soil characteristics within the study area.

3.8.2 Selection of Sampling Locations Sampling locations for the soil were identified primarily based on the distribution of vegetation and the agricultural practices in the area. The sampling locations are predominantly representative of

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agricultural field in different directions. These locations were selected in order to have background scenario w.r.t. the soil quality in the area.

3.8.3 Methodology The soil sampling and analysis was conducted once in the study period, during December, 2016. The samples were collected homogenous representatives of each location. 6 locations were selected to monitor the soil quality in the study area. The soil characteristics are summarized given below.

Table 3.18: Soil Sampling Locations S. Sampling Location Direction Dist. Latitude Longitude No. (Km) 1 S1 Premises of project site - - - - 2 S2 Dadlana ENE 2.48 29°28'42.63"N 76°54'2.83"E 3 S3 Shah Jahanpur NNE 8 .29 29°32'31.26"N 76°54'19.90"E 4 S4 Bahauli E 8.36 29°28'7.73"N 76°57'44.14"E 5 S5 Asankalan S 7.0 29°24'35.69"N 76°52'38.32"E 6 S6 Sherah WSW 6.41 29°26'24.99"N 76°49'7.65"E

Figure 3.6:Soil Quality Monitoring Locations

3.8.4 Soil Quality The value of important physical and chemical parameters of these soil samples are given in Table 3.19

Table 3.19 : Soil Characteristics in the Study area SN Parameters Unit Project Dadlana Shah Bahauli Asankalan Shera site Jahanp ur 1 Colour Brownish Browni Brownish Brownis Brownish Brownis

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sh h h

2 Texture Sility sand Sility Sility Sility Sility sand Sility sand sand sand sand 3 Water % 42.40 47.0 40.21 44.53 40.56 46.15 Holding . 4 Bulk Density gm/ cc 1.19 1.21 1.31 1.27 1.25 1.29 5 pH 8.0 7.9 7.9 8.5 8.7 9.58 6 Sodium meq/1 34.20 30.61 29.31 31.33 41.78 32.70 00g 7 Phosphorus mg/ kg 6.1 7.3 7.6 7.4 6.2 8.2 9 Calcium mg/ 2.85 3.45 3.57 3.80 2.57 3.95 100g 10 Magnesium mg/ 59.24 72.52 67.83 80.21 55.67 75.84 100g 11 Chloride meq/1 0.41 0.42 0.38 0.49 0.44 0.45 00g 12 Organic % 0.25 0.29 0.42 0.35 0.12 0.31 Carbon

3.8.5 Observation From the tabulated values, the following conclusions can be made about the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil samples.

 Colour: Soil samples from all six locations are brownish.  Texture: Soil samples from all six locations are silty sand in texture.  Water Holding Capacity (WHC):Water holding capacity (WHC) of soil samples of the study area ranges between 40.21 to 47 % and these soils have good capability of retaining sufficient water during irrigation for facilitating the plant growth.  Bulk Density: Bulk density of soil in the study area is found to be in the range from 1.19 to 1.31 g/cm3.  pH: pH was determined by taking 1:5 ratio of soil and distilled water. pH of soil in the study area is found to be slightly alkaline in the range of 7.9 to 9.58.  Sodium: Sodium content of the soil samples in the study area is in range 29.31 to 41.78 meq/100g.  Phosphorus: Sulphate content in soil sample of the study area is found in the range of 6.1 to 8.2 mg/kg.  Calcium: Calcium content in soil samples ranges from 2.57 to 3.95 mg/100g.  Chloride: Chloride content in soil samples of the study area is found in the range of 0.38 to 0.49 meq/100g.  Organic Carbon: Organic Carbon in the soil sample ranges from 0.12 to 0.42%.

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3.9 Socio Economic Environment The Baseline Demographic and Socio economic characteristics with regards to demography, literacy and occupational status have been described, based on the Primary Census Abstract, 2011, while the relevant details of the Infrastructure Facilities have also been extracted from the Primary Census Abstract, 2011. The proposed project is located at village Baljatan, tehsil Matlauda, and district Panipat in the state of Haryana. The study area comprises of 25 villages, a small part of town under Panipat Municipal Committee which falls in urban category. Socio-economic studies for this small urban area have not been undertaken. Demographic characteristics in terms of population and list of villages are given in Table 3.20

Table 3.20: Population Details Sr No. Name of Village No. of House Total Male Female Holds Population Population Population 1 Rairkalan 1068 5399 2877 2522 2 Baljattan 512 3045 1595 1450 3 Kurana 143 725 415 310 4 Begampur 143 725 415 310 5 Razapur 596 3327 1737 1590 6 Sithana 1100 5722 3035 2687 7 Mahmadpur 397 2085 1101 984 8 Sikanderpur 1727 8894 4844 4050 9 Panipat Taraf Ansar 8828 42877 22967 19910 10 Shodapur 1219 6423 3458 2965 11 Faridpur 484 2237 1204 1033 12 Kachrauli 1074 5400 2869 2531 13 Badauli 749 3822 2020 1802 14 Gudha 785 4180 2207 1973 15 Kutana 449 2307 1182 1125 16 Nauhra 749 3822 2020 1802 17 Assan Kalan 919 4960 2588 2372 18 Asan Khurd 1511 6873 3767 3106 19 Mahayudinpur Thirana 362 1905 1023 882 20 Shadipur 5 21 8 13 21 Shera 757 4062 2185 1877 22 Khandra 392 2153 1181 972 23 Dharam Garh 609 3248 1726 1522 24 Munak 2088 11507 6050 5457 25 Babarpur 385 1902 1030 878 26 Dadlana 2922 11413 6181 5232 Total 29973 149040 79685 69355

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3.9.1 Demographic Aspects Distribution of Population

The total population of the study area was 1, 49,040 as per Census Data of 2011. The distribution of the total population in the study area is presented in Table 3.21

Table 3.21 : Population Distribution Particulars Number No of households 29973 Total Population 149040 Male Population 79685 Female Population 69355

Social Structure In 2011, about 26% of the total population belonged to Scheduled Castes (SC). No Scheduled Tribes (ST) in the study area.

Table 3.22 : Distribution of Population by Social Structure in Study area (2011) Particulars Number Total Scheduled Castes 39253 Scheduled Castes Male 20585 Scheduled Castes Female 18668 Total Scheduled Tribes - Scheduled Tribes Male - Scheduled Tribes Female -

Literacy Levels The literacy rate was 65 % of the total population in 2011. The male literacy rate was 71% (of total male population), whereas corresponding figures for the female literacy rate was 56% (of total female) in 2011 .The details are presented in Table 3.23

Table 3.23 : Distribution of Literates in the Study Area (2011) S. No Particulars Number 1. Total Literates 96369 2. Male Literates 56859 3. Female Literates 39510

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Occupational Structure The occupational structure of people in the study area is studied with reference to main workers and marginal workers. The main workers include 10 categories of workers defined by the Census Department, which consists of cultivators, agricultural laborers, those engaged in live-stock, forestry, fishing, mining and quarrying; manufacturing, processing and repairs in household industry; and other than household industry, construction, trade and commerce, transport and communication and other services. The marginal workers are those workers, engaged in some work for a period of less than six months during the reference year prior to the census survey.

Altogether, the total workers were 34% of the total population in 2011 whereas the main workers are 28%, marginal workers are 5% and the non-workers were 62% of the total population in 2011. The distribution of workers in the study area by occupation structure is presented in Table- 3.24 (Based on 2011 Census Data).

Table 3.24 : Occupational Structure in the Study Area (2011) S. No Status Number 1. Total Population 149040 2. Male Population 79685 3. Female Population 69355

S. No Occupation Number 1. Total Workers 50203 Male 40272 Female 9931 2. Main Workers 42326 Male 35333 Female 6993 3. Marginal Workers 7877 Male 4939 Female 2938 4. Non workers 95521 Male 36996 Female 5525

3.9.2 Infrastructure Facilities The infrastructure and amenities available in the study area denotes the economic wellbeing of the region. A review of infrastructure facilities available in the area has been done based on the information given in the Primary Census abstract for the year 2011. The infrastructural facilities available in the study area are described in the following section.

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Major Industries Major Industries around 10 km radius of the Panipat Refinery are as follows

 M/s Indian Oil Corporation Limited- Oil refinery at Panipat  M/s Panipat Thermal Power Plant  M/s Jaypee Cement Grinding Unit  M/s Narayan Woolen Mills  M/s Nova Biofuels Pvt. Ltd

Educational Facilities The educational facilities are almost evenly distributed in the area. In all, there are 42 primary schools, 27 middle schools and a few other educational institutions in the rural sector of the study area. Higher education facilities are available in the urban sector of the study area.

Medical Facilities Medical facility in some form or the other is available to the population residing with the rural segment of the study area. However, medical facilities i.e. Hospitals, Nursing Homes, Health Centers etc. are readily available within the urban segment of the study area.

Drinking Water Facilities Tap water or ground water is being used in the different villages located in the rural sector of the concerned C.D Blocks. As per 2011 Census, total 41 wells and 47 tanks is within the rural area. In the urban area tube well and tap water are the sources of drinking water.

Electricity Most of the villages in the concerned C.D Blocks have electricity available for domestic purposes.

Communication Transport & Access Facilities Around 70% of the villages in the concerned C.D Blocks have post office available within 10 km distance. Pucca road is available in all the villages in the study area. In the urban area surface rail, taxies, buses and auto-rickshaws etc. are available for communication.

3.9.3 Traffic Analysis IOCL Panipat complexis attached to the NH 115, NH 114.The Panipat complex has a well-developed infrastructure for utilities. Iocl has already provided internally the facility for parking of vehicles, tankers Buses and trucks. The proposed project surroundings already has general infrastructure facilities for dispatch of products, approach road. The proposed project has a well-developed

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infrastructure for utilities. It will provide internal facility for parking of vehicles, buses, tankers and trucks. The proposed project surroundings has approach road and general infrastructure facilities for dispatch of products. No roads are designed with sharp/curved turns in the company premises. The major part of transportation of raw material and manufactured products is done by pipeline. Approx. 6 acres of total plant(34 acres)area will be used for roads and parking. Hence there are no chances of traffic congestion within and outside plant No roads are designed with sharp/curved turns in the company premises. The major part of transportation of raw products and manufactured products is done by pipeline. Hence there are no chances of traffic congestion within and outside the Refinery premises.

Below are the vehicle details

 During Construction – (Period 16 months) 1. Material Supply – 400- 450 Truck (15 MT/ Truck) 2. Civil Work – 2000 - 2200 Truck (15 MT/Truck) 3. Cranes, Forklift, Boom Trucks – 8 - 10  During Operation – (Every Day) 1. Feed stock – 100 – 110 Truck (5 MT/Truck) 2. Ash – 10 -15 Trucks 3. Mud – 1- 2 Trucks 4. Enzyme – 1 Truck (per month) 5. Chemicals – 1 tanker (per 15 days)

Figure 3.7: Site Connectivity

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3.10 Ecology Study was carried out through field survey along with literature reviews/desk research to understand the ecological (both terrestrial and aquatic) condition of the study area (December 2016- February 2017).

The concept of ecology has been increasingly used as conceptual focus for conservation policy and to measure species extinction and ecosystem loss in response to natural and human induced selection pressures. Thus, in any environmental analysis where integration of ecological thoughts into planning process is required, such kind of analysis of biological environmental status survey is very significant. So, this type of assessment includes evaluation of both the terrestrial & aquatic ecology.

3.10.1 Study Methodology Biological environment is a good bio-indicator of changing environmental quality. Reconnaissance survey was undertaken around the proposed project site. In the present survey 10 km radius area around the project site was considered as study area. Both terrestrial and aquatic ecological analysis was carried out in the field and in the laboratory. Assessment of flora and fauna was undertaken in the study area. The field study was undertaken during December 2016.

In addition to the field study, literature review /desk research was carried out to determine the existing conditions within the study area and to identify habitats and species of potential importance that may be affected by the Project.

The following parameters were primarily considered in the study.

 Assessment of present state of vegetation, flora and fauna in the study area.  Collection of data from literature about the flora and faunal accounts  Identification of rare endangered plants and animal species (if any).  Identification of important plants/animal species having diverse economic values.

3.10.2 Terrestrial Ecology The natural flora and fauna of the land habitats constitute terrestrial ecosystem. The study of terrestrial ecosystem is important as a part of the monitoring environmental changes. Due to rapid industrialization, currently the ecological status of an area changed dramatically. Thus impact evaluation of any developmental activities is highly essential with a view to formulation of migratory plan layout.

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A) Floral Survey Though natural vegetation of this area is very poor except some degraded patches of evergreen scrub or thorny forests, but overall floral diversity is fairly high. The major components of natural forest are Dhak of Palas (Butea monosperma), Jand (Prosopis cineraria), Kaur (Capparis decidua), Hins (Capperis sepraria), Kikar (Acacia nilotica) and Datepalm (Phoenix sylvestris).

During present field survey, a large number of plant species were recorded in different habitats. They are listed. There is no rare and endangered plant species in the present study area.

B) Plantation Forestry As the natural forest area was currently very poor in this district, enormous attempt has been made for raising plantation forestry in Govt. as well as private land either through social forestry programme or by organized strip plantation by the forest department. Over last two decades such attempts were undertaken. Many fast-growing trees, ornamental plants and also fruit trees were planted through these programs. Usually through mass strip plantation programme along the railway line, road, canal bank, drain bank, and also even in degraded notified forest land, a considerable volume of wood biomass was expected in this area. Four major plant categories were used for this purpose viz. Shisam, Kikar, Eucalyptus, and other mixed types.

In addition various private land and also panchayat areas were taken up for social forestry programs. A total of more than twenty five plant species were regularly utilized for planting in this programme during onset on monsoon period. The details of plant species used in the social forestry programs are given in the Table-3.22. Among them once again the most prevalent species that are used for these purposes were Kikar, Eucalyptus, Khair, Shisham, Teak and Neem.

Plants of Economic Importance A good number of plants found in this area having enormous importance as medicine & other allied uses. There are listed in Table3.23However none of the plants can be considered as rare & endangered as suggested by IUCN. There is no wild germplasm stock in the area under survey.

C) Faunal Survey The project site proper proposed is currently under extensive cultivation. There were isolated trees, canal bank strip plantations, and thorny scrub vegetation remnants in the peripheral regions. However, in the buffer region (i.e. around 20 kms from the site) a good number of village settlements with small orchards, industrial complexes like refineries, thermal power plant and urban settlement areas like Panipat Township. There were scattered plantation in the industrial leasehold

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areas, upland cultivated area, small village orchards, and strip plantation also along the canals, roads etc. There is no trace of reserve forest or protected forest except patchy remnants of thorny deciduous forest patch. There were scattered marshes, irrigation canals and a few ponds particularly in and around villages.

The afforested habitats provide resource for good number of faunal livelihood. The major faunal records were made here on the basis of the current field visits done. The details are given in the Table-3.24. On the whole it reveals that a sizeable number of animal species comprising of two amphibian, four reptiles, forty eight birds and eight mammals were quite common to this area.

As the original habitat was very much transformed for agriculture and there were continuous industrialization in this area, the faunal diversities were very much disturbed. In spite of these facts birds were most prevalent in this area. The most abundantly noticed birds are Cattle Egret, Pariah Kite, Red Wattled Lapwing, Pigeon, Bawk Moyna and Redvented Bulbul.

D) Endangered Animals There is no wildlife sanctuary or national park in and around the study area. However, none of the species recorded so far in the faunal diversity list appears to be endangered animals except monitor lizard and pea fowl, whose occurrence is now threatened due to poaching for commercial purpose.

E) Agriculture The present study area and so also the entire Panipat District of Haryana is one of the prime agricultural divisions of the country, where most of the land is under cultivation. Quite a good number of crops were grown in this area. The major crops are paddy, jowar, bajra, makai and sugarcane in kharif seasons, while that of rabi seasons crops are wheat, barley, sunflower, arahar, mung, chana, masoor, rapeseed, pea and barseem. The average yield rate of paddy and wheat are 20-25 Q/hect and 36-37 Q/hect respectively. The cultivation in this area is highly mechanized and there is profoundfacilities for canal and deep tube well irrigation. As per present record a total of over 27,000 tube wells were installed in this district. The farmers also use both chemical and bio- fertilizer in adequate quantity.

3.10.3 Aquatic Ecology

There are a number of canals and drains connected with river Yamuna. Over 350 pond of small and medium size of which, 50% dry up during dry months. Aquatic biotic communities like Phytoplankton and Zooplanktons, Macrophytes and Fishes were studied.

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A) Macrophytes For studies on Macrophytes, marsh areas, canal and drains, water bodies of different size were surveyed within the radius of about 10 km from the proposed site. A check list of macrophytes is given in the Table.3.28 Among them water hyacinth, duckweed and hogla plants were most common.

B) Planktons Four sites were selected for plankton analysis. These are (i) Western Yamuna Canal (near Munak village) as upstream point, (ii) Western Yamuna Canal (near Sithana village) as downstream point, (iii) one pond near Kabri village and (iv) Drain no – 2 near IOCL Refinery. The detail of planktonic diversities and their population load (no/lit) is given in Table-3.29

C) Fishes A total of species of fishes were recorded as exists in different types of water bodies in the study area. A checklist of fish species is given in the Table-3.29. Among the fishes, four common carps are cultured in village ponds and jheels, white both carps and other catfishes were found in the rivers and canal system.

Fisheries The pisciculture activities were restricted only in the Yamuna River, canals and village ponds. The culture fisheries were common practices in the confined water bodies over the years. Transported fish seeds core supplied by State Fisheries Department to the villagers and commercial entrepreneurs for pisciculture in confined water bodies. The yield rate is fairly high. The major carps like Rahu (Labeo rohita), Catla (Catla catla), Mrigal (Cirrhina mrigala) and Cyprinus carp (Cyprinus carpio) were primarily cultured.

With respect to capture fisheries, a good number of fishes were reported to be captured from rivers and canal system in particulars. The major fishes were species of Mystus, Channa, Silonia, Rita and Puntius etc.

Table 3.25: Floral Checklist of the Study area S. No Scientific Name Local Name Family Habitats Occurrence A) Trees 1 Acacia nilotica Kikar Fabaceaae 1,2 2 Acacia Senegal Khairi Leguminosae 1 3 Albizia lebbek Kala siris Leguminosae 2 4 Albizia procera Safed siris Leguminosae 2 5 Alslonia scholoris Chatim Apocyanaceae 2,3 6 Ailanthes excelsa Aruna Simarubiacene 2

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7 Azadiracta indica Neem Meliaceae 2 8 Banhinia purpurea Kachnar Leguminosae 2 9 Bomax ceiba Simal 10 Butea monosperma Dhak Leguminosae 1,2 11 Cassia fistula Amaltas Leguminosae 2,6 12 Cassia siamea -- Legminosae 2,6 13 Casuarina equisetifolia Jau Casuarinaceae 2,6 14 Callistemon speciosus -- Myrfaceae 2,6 15 Crataeva nurvala Barna Capparidaceae 1 16 Dalbergia sissoo Shisham Leguminosae 1,2,6 17 Delonix regia Gulmohar Leguminosae 2,6 18 Diospyros cordifolia Bistendu Ebenaceae 2 19 Erythrina arborescens Mother Leguminosae 2,6 20 Eucalyptus globosus -- Mytraceae 2,3,6 21 Ficus bengalensis Bargad Urticaceae 2,6 22 Ficus religiosa Pipal Urticaceae 2,6 23 Ficus palmata Anjir Urticaceae 2 24 Ficus glomerata Gullor Urticaceae 2 25 Holoptelea integrifolia Papri Urticaceae 2,6 26 Inga dulcis Wilayli Imli Leguminosae 2,3,6 27 Leucaena leucocephala Subabul Leguminosae 2,3 28 Magnolia champaka Champ Magnoliaceae 6 29 Mangifera indica Am Anacardiaceae 2,6 30 Mimusops elengi Bakul Sapotaceae 2,6 31 Melia azedarach Bakain Meliaceae 2,6 32 Moringa oleifera Sohanjana Moringaceae 2 33 Morus alba Toof Urficaceae 2,6 34 Millingtonia hortensis Akas neem Bignoniaceae 6 35 Mitragyna parvifolia Phaldu Rubiaceae 2,6 36 Parkinsonia aculeata -- Leguminosae 1,2 37 Phoenix sydyeshis Khazoor Palmae 1,2 38 Pongamia pinnata Papri Leguminosae 1,2,6 39 Prosopis juliflora Mesquite Leguminosae 1,4,2 40 Prosopis cineraria Jand Leguminosae 1,4 41 Populus deltoides Popular Salicaceae 2,6 42 Polyalthia longifolia Debdaru Anonnaceae 2,6 43 Putranjiva roxburghii Retranjba Euphorbiaceae 2,6 44 Salix tetrastomatica Willow Salicaceae 6 45 Syzygium cumini Jamun Myrtaceae 2,6 46 Tamarindus indica Imli Leguminosae 2 47 Tectona grandis Sagun Verbenaceae 2,6,4

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48 Terminalia arjuna Arjun Combretaceae 2,6 49 Terminalia belerica Bahera Combretaceae 2,6 50 Thevetia peruviana Karabi Apocyanaceae 2 51 Ziziphus mauritiana Ber Rhamnaceae 1,2,4 (B) Shrubs and Herbs 1 Abutilon indicum Pathaka Malvaceae 1,4,5 2 Achyranthes aspera Phutkanda Amoranthaceae 1,4,5 3 Adhatoda vasica Bansak Acanthaceae 2,4 4 Aerva tomentosa Bui Amoranthaceae 1,2,4 5 Agave americana Keora Amaryllidaceae 2,4 6 Antigonon leptopus -- Polygonaceae 2,6 7 Boerhaavia diffusa Punaruara Nyctaginaceae 1,2,5 8 Bougainvillea Bougainvellia Nyctaginaceae 2,6 9 Calotropis procem Aak Asclepiadaceae 1,2,4 10 Capparis decidua Karir Capparidaceae 1,2,4 11 Cassia occidentalis Bonthala Leguminosae 1,2,4 12 Cassia tora Panwar Leguminosae 1,2,5 13 Cleome viscosa Bulhul Capparidaceae 1,2,5 14 Datura metel Kala Dhatura Solanaceae 1,2,5 15 Datura stramonium Dhatura Solanaceae 1,2,5 16 Euphobia hirta Dudhi Euphobiaceae 1,2,5 17 Flacourtia indica Kango Leguminosae 1,2 18 Ipomoea fistulosa Walafyali Aak Convulaceae 1,2,4,5 19 Lantana camara Panchpuli Verbenaceae 1,2,4,5 20 Opuntia dillenii Magphani Cactaceae 1,4,5 21 Polygonium orientale -- Polygonaceae 1,4,5 22 Parthenium -- Compositae 1,2,4,5 23 Ricinus communis -- Euphorbiaceae 2,4 24 Nerium odorum Kaner Apocyanaceae 2,6 25 Sida acuta Kharenti Malvaceae 1,2,4,5 26 Solanum xanthocarpum Kateri Solanaceae 1,4,5 27 Solanum nigrum Mahua maho Solanaceae 1,4,5 28 Solanum surattense Kakri Solaceae 1,4,5 29 Tribulus terrestris Chota Zygophyceae 1,4,5 30 Vitex negundo Bana Verbenaceae 1,2,4,5 31 Urena lobata -- Malvaceae 1,4,5 32 Xanthium strumarium Chola Compositae 1,4,5 C) Grasses, Hedges and Climbers: 1 Coccinia cordifolia Janglo Cucurbitaceae 1,2,4 2 Cuscuta reflexa Akash bel Cosnopulaceae 1,2,4,5 3 Capparis sepiaria Hins Capparidaceae 1,2,4,5

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4 Cyperus bulbosus Kila Cyperaceae 1,2,4,5 5 Cyperus rotundus Dilla Cyperaceae 4,5 6 Cocculus pendulus Vallus Merispermaceae 4,5 7 Momordica charantia Jangli kasula Cucurbitaceae 4,5 8 Perguleria extensa Trotur Asclepiadaceae 1,2,4,5 9 Tinospora cordifolia Gilloh Menispermaceae 2,4,5 10 Andropogon annulatus Gandra Poaceae 2,4,5 11 Cenchugus biflorus Bhurat Poaceae 2,5 12 Chrysopogon fulvus Dhanlar Pocaeae 2,4,5 13 Cymbopogon Anjan Pocaeae 2,4,5 14 Cynodon dactylon Dubesha Poaceae 2,4,5 15 Dichanthium Talwan Poaceae 2,5 16 Desmostachys Dub Poaceae 2,4 17 Echinochloa colorium China Poaceae 2,5 18 Erianthus munja Kana Poaceae 2,4 19 Imperata cylindrica Siris Poaceae 2,4 20 Panicum colonum Sanuak Poaceae 2,4 21 Saccharum Kans Poaceae 2,4,5 22 Sporobolus marginalus Chiria Poaceae 2,4,5 23 Vetiveria zizanoides Khas Poaceae 2,4,5 Habitat Types:

1- Thorny Bush 2-Village Orchards 3-Canal bank 4-aste land 5-Cropfields 6- Urbanareas

Table 3.26 : Major Plant species used for social Forestry Plantation in Panipat, Haryana Sl. No. Common name Scientific name 1 Kikar Acacia nilotica 2 Eucalyptus Eucalyptus hybrids 3 Khairi Acacia senegal 4 Mango Mangifera indica 5 Casuarina Casuarina equisetifolia 6 Gulmohar Delonix regia 7 Bahera Terminalia balerica 8 Subabul Leucenea leucocephala 9 Arjun Terminalia arjuna 10 Neem Azadiracta indica 11 Jamun Sizygium cuminii 12 Sisham Dalbergia sisso 13 Papri Holoptelea integrifolia 14 Asan Terminalia tomentosa 15 Cassia Cassia siamea 16 Amrood Psidium guajava 17 Teak Tectona grandis

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18 Kachnar Bauhinia variagata 19 Bakain Melia azedirachta 20 Popular Populas deltoides 21 Erythrina Erythrina arborescense 22 Mesquite Prosopis juliflopha 23 Akas neem Millingtonia hortensis 24 Imli Tamarindus indica 25 Mullsery Morus alba

Table 3.27: Plants of Medicinal Importance & Other Allied Uses S.No. Scientific name Local name & Parts used common name 1 Alslonia scholoris Chatim Bark 2 Azadiracta indica Neem Seed leaf Bark 3 Bombax celba Simal Fruits 4 Butea monosperma Palas Flower, leaf 5 Erythrina arborescense Mother Flower, Bark 6 Moringa oleifera Sajina Flower, fruit leaf 7 Syzygium cumini Jamun Fruit, Bark 8 Tamarindus indica Tamarind Fruits 9 Terminalia arjuna Arjun Bark 10 Terminalia balerica Bahera Fruit, Bark 11 Thevetia nerifolia Karabi Fruit 12 Zizyphus mauritiana Ber Fruit 13 Achyranthes aspera Phutkanda Stem, root 14 Adhatoda vasica Basaka Leaf 15 Datura metal Dhutra Seeds 16 Sida acuta Kharenti Whole Plant 17 Solanum xanthocarpum Kateri Fruit 18 Tribulos terrestris Chota Cokhru Whole plant 19 Vitex negundo Nisenda Leaf 20 Vertiveria zizanoides Khas Root

Table 3.28: Record of Major Faunal Diversity in Study Area S. No Common name Scientific name Distribution (A) Amphibia 1 Cricket Frog Rana limnocharis C 2 Frog Rana tigrina C (B) Reptilia 1 Garden Lizard Calotes sp C 2 Monitor Lizard Varanus sp C 3 Common Krait Bungarus caeruleus C

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4 Rat Snake Ptyas mucosus C (C) Aves 1 Dabchick Podiceps ruficollis O 2 Cormorant Phalacrocorax sp O 3 Purple Heron Ardea purpurea O 4 Pond Heron Ardeola grayii C 5 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis V 6 Large/Int. Egret Ardea/ Egretta sp O 7 Openbill Stark Anastomus oscitans O 8 Black Ibis Pseudibis papillosa O 9 Whistling Teal Dendrocygna sp O 10 Pariah Kite Milvus migrans V 11 Scavenger Vulture Neophron percnopterus O 12 Partridge Francolinus sp O 13 Peafowl Pavo cristatus O 14 Blackwinged stilt Himantopus C 15 Redwattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus V 16 Blue Rock Pigeon Columba livia V 17 Ring Dove Streptopelia decaocto V 18 Roseringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri C 19 Koel Eudynamys O 20 Crow-Phosant Centropus sinensis O 21 Lesser Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis O 22 White breasted Halcyon smyrnensis C 23 Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis V 24 Hoopae Upupa epops C 25 Coppersmith Megalaima O 26 Blue throated Barbet Megalaima asiatica O 27 Wire tailed Swallow Hirundo smithii O 28 Grey Shrike Lanius excubitor O 29 Black Drongo Dicrurus adsimilis V 30 Brahming Myna Sturnus pagodarum C 31 Pied Myna Sturnus Contra C 32 Common Myna Acridotheres tristis C 33 Bank Myna Acridotheres V 34 Indian Tree Pie Dendrocitta O 35 House Crow Corvus splendens C 36 Jungle Crow Corvus macrorhynchos O 37 Redvented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer V 38 Jungle Babbler Turdoides striatus C 39 Babbler Turdoides sp C 40 Tailor Bird Orthotomus sutorius O

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41 Magpie Rabin Copsychus saularis O 42 Pied Bush Chat Saxicola caprata O 43 Indian Robin Saxicoloides fulicata O 44 Sunbird Nectarinia sp O 45 House Sparrow Passer domesticus C 46 Baya Ploceus sp C 47 White throated Munia Lonchura malabarica O 48 Spotted Munia Lonchura punctulata O (D) Mammals 1 House Rat Rattus sp C 2 Mangoose Herpestes sp R 3 Squirrel Funumbulus sp C 4 Field Mouse Mus sp C 5 Hare Lepus sp O 6 Mole Rat Bandicota sp C 7 Monkey Macaca fascicularis C 8 Jackals Canis aureus O

Table 3.29 :Checklists of Macrophytic Plants in Aquatic Habitats S. No. Common name Scientific name Growth form 1 Water hyacinth Eichornea crassipes Floating 2 Duck weed Lemna minor Floating 3 Hogla Typha domingensis Emergent 4 Kalmi Imomea aguatica Floating 5 - Alternanthesa philigesoides Floating 6 - Cyperus tagetiformis Emergent 7 Oriental pepper Polygonum orientale Amphibious 8 - Echinocloa sp Amphibious 9 Jal kumbhi Pistia stratiotes Floating 10 Lotus Nymphea nancheli Emergent

AQ1 = Pond, AQ2 = Drain No. 2, AQ3 = WJ Canal (u/s), AQ4 = WJ Canal (d/s)

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Table 3.30:Checklist of Common Fishes of Study Area S.no. Common name Scientific name

1 Chital Notopterus chitala 2 Pholus Notopterus notopterus 3 Chela Salmostoma bacaila 4 Catla Catla catla 5 Rahu Labeo nolita 6 Bata Labeo bata 7 Mrigal Cirrhina mrigala 8 Punti Puntius sophor 9 Catfish Mystus seenglala 10 Rita Rita rita 11 Magur Clarius batrachus 12 Nandus Nardus nardus 13 Cyprinus cemp Cyprinus carpio 14 Lata Channa punctatus 15 Cylindrical fish Sinolia cylindica

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CHAPTER 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 4.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter deals with the prediction and evaluation of impacts resulting from the various activities during construction and operation phase of the proposed project. Any activity making a significant effect is not permissible. This “significant effect” is required to be neutralized to a level of “insignificance”. This can be achieved by various tools like in plant measures, segregation, and environment friendly process and collectively termed as pollution control measures and providing Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) and Emission Control Equipment (ECE) etc. Predictions are superimposed over baseline environmental status to derive ultimate environmental scenario. The impact of the proposed project has been considered and discussed in this chapter. “Environmental Impact” refers to the alteration of environmental conditions or creation of a new set of environmental conditions, adverse or beneficial, caused or induced by the action or set of actions under consideration. Both the beneficial (positive) and adverse (negative) impacts on various components of environment are identified based on the nature of the various activities associated with proposed project. Based on the present environmental scenario and baseline data, an exercise has been undertaken to identify and evaluate the impact on the environment of the study area due to the proposed project activities.

An environmental aspect is defined as an “element of an organization’s activities, products or services which can interact with the environment” and a significant environmental aspect has or can have a significant environmental impact. The basis of Environmental Impact Identification is to methodically assess a system/process/site to determine all environmental aspects under normal and abnormal (e.g. emergency) conditions. Each environmental aspect will be considered against various criteria and assessed as being significant or not. It is essential to register all aspects so that the process is auditable and those aspects not considered to be significant are simply recorded and do not require further action. Therefore, anticipated impact on surrounding environment due to proposed project and its activities have been identified and required mitigation measures to be implemented have been incorporated in this chapter. Environmental impacts will be due to project location, possible accidents, project design, project construction and regular operation of a completed project. Chapter identifies adverse impacts on air, water and aesthetics from the proposed project. It also provides control measures to minimize the possible impacts on various environmental parameters. For identifying the impacts due to proposed project, baseline data collected for during 01st December, 2016 to 28th February, 2017 is used. The impacts during construction and operation phase of the proposed projects from various activities / aspect have

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been identified on individual environmental parameters and are described below along with all the required mitigation measures. Broadly, the proposed project may influence the environment of the area during Construction Phase and Operation Phase. During the Construction period, the impact may be temporary or short term while impact of operation phase might be of long term in nature till the project last. Hence, environmental impacts of construction and operation phase of proposed 100 KLPD Ethanol plant were predicted. Adequate environmental management measures shall be considered during the entire planning of construction and operation stages of the project to minimize the adverse environmental impacts and assure sustainable development of the area. IDENTIFICATION OF THE IMPACT Impacts are identified during construction and operation phase. Below mentioned environmental parameters are considered while identifying the impact.

 Air Environment

Sources, ambient air quality, emission control, environment and health effects  Water Environment

Sources, water & wastewater quality, environment and health effects  Noise Environment

Sources, control measures, environment and health effects  Soil/ Land Environment

Land use, change in land use pattern, pollution sources, soil quality change, environment and health effects  Biological Environment

Flora and fauna of the study area, vegetation and habitat change and control measures  Socioeconomic Environment

Demographical details, economic status, employment status, infrastructure availability, environment and health effects  Occupational health and Safety Environment

Identification of health hazard due to operation, material handling, exposure of hazardous chemical, health and safety plan and disaster management. Anticipated Impacts and mitigation measures Proposed project will be executed on 34.66 acres of land at Panipat, Haryana State. Impacts during construction phase are short terms and restricted to proposed land. Impacts of major activities

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during construction and operation phase are mentioned in Table below. Detailed description of all possible impact and its mitigation measures are mentioned below in each aspects of environment i.e. Air, Water, Soil, Noise, Socio economic environment and Biological environment. Table 4.1 :Project activities and its anticipated impact Sr. No. Activity Impact identification 1. Site preparation/ Excavation/  Change in topography foundation, removal of Shrubs  Loss of fertile soil /small plants etc and preparation  Air pollution due to dust emission of approach roads  Noise generation due to excavation machineries created hearing problems  Change in land cover 2. Transportation of construction  Air pollution due to dust emissions material, equipment and  Noise generation machineries  Ground water and soil contamination 3. Handling/loading material  Air pollution due handling of raw material and dust of and raw material unloading emission  Solid waste due to spillage of material  Risk of occupational injury  Hiring of Vehicle and potential damage to road Contamination of soil and ground water due to spillage oil and fuel  Occupational risk 4. Construction Activities:  Soil contamination and change in land cover due to spillage of construction waste on land  Air pollution due to dust and exhaust gas emission Vehicular movement for transportation of material and  Occupational health hazards due to exposure of dust equipment Operations of cranes,  Noise pollution due to machineries and equipment. pneumatic /electrical vibrators  Occupational hazards like hearing loss and respiratory for concreting, blasting, welding diseases machines, concrete mixers, Plain  Air pollution from machineries used Concreting, RCC Civil foundations  Removal of topsoil and Erection Activities, Heavy  Temporary job creation Fabrication work for erecting of  Fumes due to welding activities major plant Equipment etc  Spillage of heavy fabrication waste material containing heavy metal and paints

5. Storage of raw material  Disposal of raw material like cement, tiles, ceramics, Plaster of Paris (POP) on land causes soil pollution and results in change in soil property. 6. Domestic activities  Water and soil pollution due to Sewage generation

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Operation Phase 1. Operation Phase: Resources consumption Manufacturing process Extraction of water from Yamuna river canal. Ground water  Workforce contamination if soak pit or ETP is not working properly. accommodation and sanitation Air emissions  Storage and handling of Boiler stack releases air pollutant like PM (10, 2.5), SO and NO raw materials, fuel and 2 X may causes loss of vegetation, health effect on community finished products residing nearby like respiratory, allergic diseases, Asthma, lung  Manufacturing Process disease etc. Odor generation may occur because of grain skin of Ethanol removal, DDGS, sludge and fermentation.  Operation of DG Set

 Operation of Boiler Waste water  Storage and handling of waste water and Wastewater will be generated from Boiler blow down, cooling treatment tower blow down, steam and process condensate, spent lees from distillation. Ground water and soil pollution may occur if  Green belt / Tree directly disposed on the land. Surface water pollution may plantation occur if disposed of into the water body. Disposal of untreated wastewater may causes health problems in the community, change in physical and chemical properties of soil and water which ultimately affects organisms present. Noise generation Noise may be generated from the operation of Boiler, DG sets and other machineries / equipment. Occupational health hazards can be to the Operators and other staff working in that area. Solid waste generation  Ash (Fly and bottom ash)  ETP sludge  Other non-hazardous waste like empty containers, batteries etc. Social environment  Employment generation  Development of road due to proposed project  No rehabilitation and resettlement required, hence no negative impacts No change in land use hence no negative impacts 2. Transportation of raw  Air pollution due to emission of fugitive dust and material and Product vehicular exhaust. It might cause health effect and loss of vegetation of nearby area if not handled properly

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3. Handling and Storage of Raw  Ground water and soil contamination due to improper material handling of wastewater  Occupational risk due to spillage of raw material to the surroundings if not stored properly  Air pollution due to generation of methane from treatment process.  Risk of accident due to leakage and explosion  Risk associated with fire due to storage of fuel &Alcohol 4.2 Air Environment (Construction phase) Source of pollution and its anticipated impacts:  Air and noise pollution due to dust emissions, noise due to excavation and vibration from vehicles and road laying equipment  Change in land cover and local road  Risk of occupational injuries due to excavation work  Change in land cover due to excavation and removal of topsoil  Temporary job creation for excavation and site preparation work  Solid and hazardous waste generation due to spillage of raw material and oil  Possibility of ground water and soil contamination due to spillage of fuel and oil from truck  Due to hiring of vehicles and transport equipment / potential damage to village roads with Occupational Risk associated with transport  Air pollution due to dust and exhaust gas emissions. noise emissions due to vehicular movement  Contamination of soil due to leakage of fuel and oil from vehicles, mechanized tackles  Fumes due to welding activities and particulate emission due to machinery operation and sometime high noise due cutting of different steel sections  Ground water contamination due to spillage of heavy fabrication waste material containing heavy metals, coating material and paints  From all these activities, there is chance of occupation hazards like fall from height, burn injuries, scratch on body, slipping on the ground and other incidences which can lead to minor or major accident if not handled properly at initial stages. Mitigation Measures:  Sprinkling of water on the haul roads and construction sites to suppress the dust emission  The vehicular impacts on the environment will be minimized by proper maintenance and limitation on speed

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 Use of Tarpaulin on the trucks to suppress the Dust emission during transportation of raw material  Use of PUC/ RTO approved good condition Vehicles and proper maintenance  To avoid health hazards during construction phase, personal protective equipment’s will be provided to workers as and when required  While bringing the raw material, it will be ensured that Trucks are filled and covered properly to avoid the dusting and spillage of material.

The impacts on the ambient air quality during construction phase will be temporary and restricted to project site. However, necessary mitigation measures like shutdown of machineries when not in use, sprinkling of water, cover excavated/ construction materials by sheets, etc. will be taken. Thus no adverse impacts on the surrounding environment are anticipated due to proposed project. Air Environment (Operation phase)

During operation phase emission from manufacturing processes will cause considerable impacts on air, water and soil environment. Gaseous emission deteriorates the air quality, which ultimately will affect other environmental parameters.  Main sources of air emission will be from the DG and Boiler Stacks. The fuel used for the Boiler will be Indian Coal and Rice husk. The contents of Flue gas for Coal and Rice husk/Lignin Cake

 Air pollutants like SPM, SOX, NOx, CO2 , CH4& VOC’s will be emitted from manufacturing process  Dust generation is predicted from raw material transportation, storage and handling area. Water will be sprinkled to suppress the dust.  During the operation phase of the proposed project, movement of goods vehicles, loading and unloading operations may contribute to air emission.

 Fugitive emissions like VOC from distillation columns, CO2 and ethanol from fermentation process.  Odour will be probably generated from septic tank & ETP sludge. Mitigation Measures: Air emissions will be minimized to acceptable level by implementing the proper mitigation measures as mentioned below,

 Air pollution control equipment such as Bag Filter/ Cyclone will be used to minimize the

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stack emissions.  Bag filters and dust collectors will be used to minimize the particulate matter emission

 Particulate matter, SO2 and NOx emission during transportation of raw material and product are anticipated. It is assumed that 5-10 trucks will be coming at one time. However, this would not lead to any tangible effect, as the expected emission volume is low. It would be ensured that all the vehicles plying in the working zone are properly tuned and maintained to keep emissions within the permissible limits. All the trucks, carrying various raw materials will be covered with tarpaulin. At loading and unloading points, arrangement for Water sprinkling will be made so that dust generation during transportation of materials is minimized further.  Fugitive emissions are minor since fermentation and distillation are closed process. Advance machinery will be utilized which ensures minimum leakages.  Adequate stack height i.e. 80-85 m will be provided for proper dispersion of air pollutant in atmosphere.  33 % Greenbelt will be developed around the plant, at road side which will further reduce the dust impact.  To reduce the odor from Fermentation Unit, ETP and Yeast sludge will be handled properly and green belt shall be developed

Table 4.2: General composition of Rice husk, Rice straw and Indian Coal Sr. Parameter No. Rice Rice Straw Indian Coal (%) husk (%) (%) 1. C 33.95 38.8 41.11

2. H2 5.01 6.7 2.76

3. N2 0.91 0.2 1.22

4. O2 32.52 38.8 9.89 5. S 0.09 0.2 0.41 6. Total moisture 10.79 10 5.98 7. Ash content 16.73 13.7 363 8. Volatile matter 56.46 65 20.70 9. Calorific value 3000 kcal/kg 3869 4,000 Kcal/kg Kcal/kg

(Bureau of Energy Efficiency)

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4.2.1 Dispersion of Pollutants :

The objective of dispersion modeling is to predict the ground level concentration during the operation of proposed plant and its impact on ambient air quality of the area. The impact on air quality due to emissions from single source or group of sources is evaluated by use of mathematical models. When air pollutants are emitted into the atmosphere, they are immediately diffused into surrounding atmosphere, transported and diluted due to winds. The air quality models are designed to simulate these processes mathematically and to relate emissions of primary pollutants to the resulting downwind air quality. The inputs include emissions, meteorology and surrounding topographic details to predict the impacts of conservative pollutants. The impacts of air pollutants were predicted using Gaussian air dispersion model, which is selected on the basis of existence of multiple point sources within the industrial complex and the plain terrain at the project site. The Gaussian air dispersion model has been developed to simulate the effect of emissions from point sources on air quality. Gaussian model is extensively used for predicting the Ground Level Concentrations (GLCs) of conservative pollutants from point, area and volume sources. The impacts of primary air pollutants are predicted using this air quality model keeping in view the plain terrain at the project site.

The micrometeorological data monitored at project site during study period have been used in this model. The Gaussian model provides estimates of pollutant concentrations at various receptor locations. It is an hour-by-hour steady state.

Partial penetration of elevated inversions is accounted for hourly source emission rates, exit velocity and stack gas temperature. Gaussian air dispersion models were used to estimate the ambient air quality levels at different monitoring stations due to stack emissions.

Comparing the actual data and data generated from mathematical modeling, it highlights that the stability condition E & A-B were predominant in the region. Using the estimated stack emission data and wind speed directions, a mathematical model was prepared to establish the ground level concentration in the region.

4.2.1.1 (a) Methodology Prediction of GLC values are made by using Industrial Source Complex Short Term Model Version–3 (ISCST- 3) software approved by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). This model uses a

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steady state, sector-averaged Gaussian plume equation for application in complex terrain (i.e. terrain stack or release height) and is run using stability classes developed by Pasquill and Gifford.

 Following are the assumptions made while using the model: No dry and wet depletion of pollutants Receptors are on flat terrain with no flag pole

 Data Used for Computation Stack emissions data have been used for prediction of short-term incremental GLC values of SO2 using the meteorological data collected at site during study period. other meteorological data used is  Temperature  Relative humidity  Atmospheric pressure  Rainfall As per wind rose diagram generated from data the predominant wind direction is Northwest to south east

The details of boiler stack emissions load are given in Table 4.3 .

Table 4.3: boiler and Stack Details Sr. Description Flue gas emission No. Boiler

1 Capacity TPH 2. Stack height above 80 - 85 m ground 3 Stack inner diameter 2.65 m 4 Material of RCC construction (MoC) 5 Fuel used Rice Straw, Lignin Rich wet cake and Concentrated syrup 6. Fuel consumption Rice husk/ Rice Straw : 168 MT/day 7. Stack gas velocity 15 m/sec 8 Stack gas temperature 170-190 0C 9 Temperature of 150-160 0C exhaust gasses 10 Air pollution control ESP / Bag Filter, ID Fan, equipment Chimney

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11 SO2 0.037 kg/sec 12 NOX 0.006 kg/sec 13 Emission Rate Max 100 mg/Nmᶟ

In the present case SO2 is an important pollutant, due to its emission in tune of 134 kg/hr, which is in addition to emission of 1475 kg/hr from various operations in Panipat complex of IOCL. Hence, SO2 becomes significant pollutants and other parameters are found to be insignificant.

4.2.1.1 (b) Dispersion Modeling Results

The 24 hourly average ground level concentration (GLC) values from proposed plant have been computed for SO2 considering topographical features around the proposed plant and applicable stability classes. The maximum 24 hourly average GLC values for SO2 from Proposed plant are given in Table Table 4.4 Resultant Concentrations Due To Incremental GLC'S Pollutant Maximum Incremental Resultant CPCB Distance Baseline Concentrations Concentration(μg/m3) Standard Concentration due to Proposed (μg/m3) (μg/m3) Project (μg/m3)

SO2 25.4 2.5 27.9 80 0.31 km Towards SE

The data reveals that with background SO2 concentrations, comprising of emission of SO2 from entire Panipat Complex due to various activities and other ancillary/domestic anthropogenic activities and proposed emissions from this project, there will be only incremental rise of 2.5 μg/m3 and GLCs found are well within CPCB standards for SO2. With this marginal contribution due to the proposed project, the levels of SO2 will remain below the 24 –hourly ambient air quality standards for SO2 (80 μg/m3) prescribed by CPCB. The operation of proposed expansion, will not likely to cause any significant impact on the ambient air quality of the study area.

4.3 Water Environment (Construction Phase)

At the time of construction activities water will be required mainly for construction and domestic use. It is estimated that maximum quantity of 20 KLD of water will be required for these activities. The main source of pollution and their anticipated impacts are mentioned below:  Run off from construction site

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 Domestic sewage about 2.5CMD  Health hazards due to unhygienic water Mitigation Measures:

All identified impacts during construction phase will be negligible, temporary and restricted to the plant boundary. Proper and effective mitigation measures will be implemented to minimize the impact and ensure minimum effect on water resources. Proposed mitigation measures to avoid / minimized predicted impacts are mentioned below:  Construction activities will be limited within project boundary. It will be ensured that construction equipment are washed properly only at designated washing places to avoid any unnecessary runoff at project site  Sewage will be discharged in a septic Tank  Drinking water and sanitation facilities will be provided to avoid unwanted impacts on health and ground water during construction.

The wastewater generation during construction phase will not have any considerable effect on water environment. Water Environment (Operation Phase) The required quantity of water for proposed plant and related activities will be from west Yamuna river canal. The impact due to operation activities is Identified and mentioned below:  In the 2G process, process effluent will be discharged in the form of lignin rich wet cake and concentrated syrup which will be burned in the boiler as a fuel under zero effluent discharged designed philosophy.  The process condensate generate during evaporation is partly recycled to the process and balance quantity will be treated in the process condensate treatment plant.  The capacity of process condensate treatment plant is designed to 1000 m3/day and water recovered from the plant will be feed to Cooling tower makeup. The reject form the treatment plant will be fed to evaporator under Zero effluent discharge design.  Each section of 2G Ethanol Plant has storm water collection pit with pumping system. All such pits in the plant are connected through storm water collection & drainage network. During monsoon, storm water for first 10-15 min will be transfer to Effluent Treatment Plant and then it will be diverted to final storm water collection pit through storm water collection network. The collected storm water is safely discharged into nearby channel.

Ref. Detailed Process condensate plant configuration and parameter given in Chapter 9

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4.4 Land Environment (Construction phase)

 Site preparation activities shall change land use and land cover which will result in loss of fertility of top soil and will change the natural terrain of the land. Fertile soil and nature of terrain supports associated living of organisms. Change in land cover affects the specific niche of the organism.

 During site preparation change in land cover and land use was envisaged. However major land and vegetation clearance will not occurred. Excavated top soil will be reused for backfilling and in green belt development. Green belt development leads to favourable changes in land cover. The greenbelt significantly helps to protect the land from erosion and contamination.

 Spillage & leakage of fuel as well as contamination of land due to spill of construction material may impact the land to some extent.

 There will be generation of garbage and sewage by the worker and other staff involved during construction phase. Untreated sewage and garbage disposal on land might pollute the land which may change physical and chemical properties of soil. Change in soil properties ultimately affects the living organisms present in the soil. Open dumping or improper disposal of sewage and garbage provides breeding ground for pathogenic bacteria and other creatures which may spread diseases like Diarrhea, Infections with intestinal helminthes (worms), Malaria, Typhoid and other infectious diseases.

Mitigation measures:  The construction activities like excavation for foundation, site preparation and vehicular movements will definitely bring the changes in the landscape. However, these changes shall be of short duration with no much impact. Excavated soil will be stored properly to avoid the spread of wind-blown dust and shall be reused for backfilling and landscape development.

 Spillage & leakage of fuel will be prevented by providing well lined/ paved area for the works having potential of leakage/ spillage of fuel or material. Hence contamination of land due to spillage/ leakage of fuel or construction material with soil would not arise.

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 Disposal of untreated sewage & garbage generated by workers & other staff will be required in a systematic manner otherwise it will add into the contamination of land. The sewage will be treated properly and garbage if any shall be disposed utilized to make a composts to avoid the impact of these pollutant on the land. Land Environment (Operation phase)

The potential sources of land or soil pollution could be the thin slop, which generates after the distillation process. The associated impacts identified during the operation phase are summarized below:  Ash from the Boiler  Sludge from fermentation and ETP

Table 4.5 Solid waste Management ITEM UNIT VALUE SOURCE DISPOSAL Solid Effluent Mud The extraneous matter in the form of sand/clay/stones/grit coming along with the Rice Straw will be removed in Wet Washing unit as a mud. It is separated by TPD 8 - 9 Wet Washing classification and collected in trucks/tractor trolleys. As this extraneous matter is coming from the farms it will be sent back to same farms for land application

Dewatered Sludge is nothing but microorganisms based biological Sludge sludge. The sludge is generated from different biological processes carried out to treat Process Condensate Process Condensate coming from TPD 4.5 - 8.5 Evaporation Section of 2G Ethanol Treatment Plant Plant. The collected sludge is subjected to dewatering action in solid/liquid separation unit to increase the suspended solid concentration. This sludge is then sent to farms as manure Ash Ash from the boiler is collected and conveyed into silo for the storage. This ash will be 120 - transported to Cement or Brick TPD Boiler 130 Manufacturing Unit by means of covered trucks.The ash analysis is shared to Ultra Tech Cement, Shree Cement, Ambuja Cement ,

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Nirman Cement and under discussion The logistics will be planned to avoid any stoppage of the plant. Mitigation Measures:  The plant will implement zero level discharge concept. The treated water will be recycled in the process. Therefore, there will not be any negative impact on soil.  Boiler ash will be sold to the brick/cement-manufacturing unit.  The fermented sludge and sludge from ETP will be used as manure for the green belt.  Lignin rich cake - Separated from the Solid Liquid Separation and is used as a boiler fuel along with supplementary fuel.  Other hazardous solid wastes will be sent to authorized recycler or vender.  Thus, the solid waste generated from the plant will be insignificant.

It is envisaged that there will not be any major impacts on land environment during the operation phase as most of the effluent generated shall be reused in the process. 4.5 Noise Environment (Construction Phase) Predicted noise pollution sources and its impacts during the construction phase:  Operation of construction machineries, equipment and associated mechanical works will generate the noise.  Noise from Vehicular movement.  Noise level will be in the range of 70-85 dB(A) at receptor point from the associated work of construction. This generation will be of temporary nature and limited up to project boundary. The exposure of workers to noise of high decibel may cause hearing loss or other occupational health hazards.

Noise pollution during construction phase is temporary and restricted to project boundary only. Mitigation Measures:  Noise from Vehicular movement will be within the limit by implementing the policy of maintenance of Vehicles and PUC.  Transportation of construction machinery or raw material shall be allowed only during daytime to reduce the impacts of increased noise  The construction equipment / machineries shall be turned off when not in use  Loud horn of vehicles will not be allowed at project area. Regular maintenance & lubrication of construction equipment & machineries will be undertaken to reduce the noise generation.

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 Adequate Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs) like ear muff, ear plug, hand gloves, gum boots etc. will be provided to worker which helps to prevent occupation health problems. Noise Environment (Operation Phase)

Ambient noise levels will be increased during operation phase due to machineries and other industrial activities. However the impacts of noise during this phase will be confined within plant boundary or within the source of generation. Mitigation Measures:  Vibrating pads & acoustic enclosure will be provided to noise generating equipment to control noise level within norms  Latest technology and utmost care will be taken at the time of equipment / machinery installation  Lubrication of moving/ rotating part or component of machineries will be done on regular basis  The insulation provided for prevention of loss of heat and personnel safety gears will also act as noise reducers.  Design and layout of building to minimize transmission of noise, segregation of particular items of plant  The operator’s cabins (control rooms) will be properly (acoustically) insulated with special doors with observation windows  The operators working in the high-noise areas will be provided with ear-muffs or plugs  Acoustic enclosures and silencers will be provided to the Equipment wherever necessary  Proper green belt will be developed to reduce the noise level

Thus, it is envisaged that there will not be any adverse impacts of noise. The greenbelt developed within the premises will have significant beneficial impacts on reduction of noise within the periphery and outside the boundary. Impact from Transportation of Raw Materials and Finished Products

Transportation of raw material and products will be through National Highway 1. During the operation phase, movement of goods vehicles and loading & unloading operations may contribute to emission of pollutants. But with advanced and stringent traffic management system within the project site, emission will be minimized. The site will be properly regulated through strict and disciplined vehicular movement and operation in the project site. It is recommended that good quality road network shall be developed within the premises so that air pollution due to dust shall be minimized. It is assumed that maximum 80-90 trucks will be

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present within the premises for different activities. Hence, no much pollution or impact from the Vehicular traffic is envisaged while plant is in operation.

However, IOCL ensures proper arrangement of transportation and their movement, and hence this would not lead to any major impact as emissions from 80-90 trucks will be very low. All the trucks, carrying various raw materials will be covered with tarpaulin. At loading and unloading points, arrangement for water sprinkling will be made so that dusts generation during transportation of materials will be minimized further. Estimated types of vehicle and its frequency are given in Table 4.12. Table 4.6: Types of vehicles, frequency on NH- near project site Sr. No. Vehicle type Total vehicles per hours 1. Two wheelers 25-30 2. Four wheelers 100-120 3. Auto rickshaws 5-10 4. Light commercial vehicles 120-150 5. Heavy vehicles-truck buses 100-120

Based on the findings of Table 4.12, it is observed that there are no major traffic loads and no

major impacts on the surrounding environment due to SO2 and NOx emission. Proposed project will be adding only 80-90 truck per day which will not cause any tangible effect on the traffic.

4.6 Biological environment (Construction Phase)

Loss of vegetation due to land clearance and due to deposition of dust on the leaves of trees. However identified impacts would be temporary & restricted to the construction phase. Hence, there will not be any adverse impacts on the ecology / biological environment due to the construction of proposed project. On the contrary, there will be positive impacts due to the greenbelt development as presently there are no trees within the specified land. Biological environment (Operation Phase)

Impacts on ecology shall be from the following sources:  Flue gas emissions in the air will lead to increase in concentration of Particulate Matter, Sulphur Dioxide and Oxides of Nitrogen. An increase in air pollutants may affect the vegetation growth in and around the area  Dust emission is envisaged during material handling & transportation, which affects the growth of vegetation.

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 Disposal of solid / hazardous waste on land pollute the soil, which eventually affect the vegetation To mitigate the above mentioned impact following mitigation measures will be implemented:  Air pollution control equipment like Bag Filter, Cyclone will be provided to reduce the emission of particulate matter  Well-designed material storage area as well as handling facilities will be provided to prevent particulate emissions from the storage, handling & transportation activities.  Solid waste storage area will be designed as per the guidelines to avoid the leachate percolation into the ground or water bodies  Greenbelt area will be developed in & around the plant premises and shall be maintained properly. 4.7 Socioeconomic Environment (Construction phase)

Socio-economic profiles of the study area of the proposed project were studied. The results indicate that proposed project will have very positive impacts on the local people in the form of employment generation and socioeconomic improvement. The details of positive impacts on the surroundings are mentioned below.  Very positive impact through direct employment generation to the locals  Positive impact as indirect employment will be generated to support the required activities of the project during construction as well as operation phase. This will improve the economic status of the people.  As the proposed project will be away from habitation no Rehabilitation & Resettlement (R&R) will not be required.  Proposed project does not involve any cultural heritage site.  Vehicular movement and it pollution shall be avoided by allowing the transport activities during day time only by using well-maintained vehicles.

It is concluded that proposed project would not cause any adverse impacts on the environment during construction phase. Socioeconomic Environment (Operation phase)

Anticipated impacts and mitigation measures due to project operation on socioeconomic status are mentioned below:  Operation phase will required to employ direct and indirect manpower for various activities of production, transportation, O & M of ETP, maintenance of plant and machineries etc.

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 During operation phase, no adverse impacts are envisaged.  Proponent shall undertake CSR activities like infrastructure development, health and sanitation facility for local people so that socio-economic condition of the locals shall be improved.

From the above findings, it is observed that there will be positive socioeconomic impact of the project and will definitely help to uplift the economic status of the local people. 4.8 Impact Assessment Matrix

Impact matrix facilitates to identify components and phases of project activities for determination of likely impacts. Matrix identifies the interaction between project activities and environmental components using a grid like table. Entries are made in the cell which highlights impact severity in the form of symbols or numbers or descriptive comments. The impact of different project activities on various environmental components like biological environment, air environment, aesthetics and socio-economic have been summarized in a form of a matrix in Table4.13.  Environmental Pollution  Water: surface and ground water pollution  Air: Ambient air quality  Soil: Soil quality  Land: Change in land use pattern and topography  Biological Environment  Existing Flora and fauna  Aquatic Ecosystem  Socioeconomic Environment  Health and safety, cultural, aesthetic and economic aspects

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Table 4.7: Impact Matrix of Proposed Project Pre- Construction Phase Operation and maintenance construction 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Environment Project activity

components Parameters

ion powerplant

process

workers

reserves

structure

Site clearingSite

and acquisition

Pollution control

Site preparationSite

finished products

Movement of energy

Influx ofInflux construction

Alcohol ManufacturingAlcohol

Civil/construction work

Raw Material / Finished

Excavation / Temporary

Cogenerat

equipment’s nonfunctioning

Transportation of material Transportation of material

Storage of raw material and

Operation of system cooling

Products Storage & Handling

Resources Fuel 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 0 utilization Electricity 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Water 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 0 -1 -1 -1 0 0 -1 0 Construction material 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ex. Stone Land 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Air Air Quality 0 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 -2 Climate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Water Alteration of surface/ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2 groundwater bodies Alteration of surface 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 run-off and interflow Alteration of HydraulicRegime 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Contamination 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 -1 0 -1 -1 -1 -2 Soil/Land Soil erosion 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Contamination 0 0 0 0 0 -1 -1 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -3 Alteration of Soil 0 0 -1 -1 0 -1 -1 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 -1 -3 properties/ Soil Quality

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Pre- Construction Phase Operation and maintenance construction 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Environment Project activity

components Parameters

cts

process

workers

reserves

structure

Site clearingSite

Pollution control

Site preparationSite

Land acquisition

finished produ

il/construction work

Movement of energy

Influx ofInflux construction

Alcohol ManufacturingAlcohol

Civ

Raw Material / Finished

Excavation / Temporary

equipment’s nonfunctioning

Cogeneration powerplant

Transportation of material Transportation of material

Storage of raw material and

Operation of system cooling

Products Storage & Handling

Land topography 0 -1 -1 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Noise Noise pollution 0 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 - -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 -1 -2 1 Ecology Effect on trees, grasses, 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 -3 herbs & shrubs Effect on farmland 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Effect on aquatic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Effects on fauna ex. Birds, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2 butterflies,mammals etc. Habitat change and removal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1

Introduce new exotic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 species Occupational Health 0 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 -1 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 -3 Health &Hazards Sanitation 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Socioeconomic Creation of new +1 0 0 0 0 +1 0 +1 0 +1 0 0 0 0 0 economic activities Commercial value of +1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Properties Generation of 0 0 0 0 0 +1 0 0 0 +1 +1 +1 +1 0 0

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Pre- Construction Phase Operation and maintenance construction 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Environment

components Project activity

ergy

process

workers

reserves

structure

Parameters clearingSite

Site preparationSite

Land acquisition

Pollution control

finished products

Movement of en

Influx ofInflux construction

Alcohol ManufacturingAlcohol

Civil/construction work

Raw Material / Finished

Excavation / Temporary

Cogeneration powerplant

equipments nonfunctioning

Transportation of material Transportation of material

Storage of raw material and

Operation of system cooling

Products Storage & Handling

temporary andpermanent Jobs Effect on crops 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 Reduction of farmland 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 Productivity Income for the state +1 0 0 0 +1 0 0 + 0 +2 0 0 0 0 0 and private sector 1 Savings in foreign 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +2 0 +1 0 0 0 currency for the state Training in new + technologies and new 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +1 1 0 0 0 0 skills to workers Political/social Conflicts 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2 Land use change 0 0 -1 -1 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aesthetics and human 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 Interest Cultural status 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

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Description Value

No /ZeroImpact : 0

Minor/ Negligiblenegative impacts : -1

Minor / Negligiblepositiveimpacts : +1

Significant negative impact : -2

Significantpositiveimpact : +2

High negativeimpact : -3 High positive mpact : +3

Conclusion of impact matrix assessment

Proposed project will not have any significant negative impacts on the environment. In absence of pollution control equipment, project will have high negative impact. Appropriate Environmental Management Plan (EMP) nullifies all high potential adverse impacts. Moreover, implementation of EMP helps to convert negative impact into positive impacts. Thus proposed project is certainly safe from the environmental point of view.

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CHAPTER 5 Analysis of Alternatives

5.1 Introduction This chapter presents the analysis of alternatives w.r.t site selection. A project of any nature consists of various activities, which involve men, money and material. These activities may consume natural resources and discharge wastes, which are likely to have serious consequence to the environment. A number of alternative options may be available to carry out many of these activities. An option with least or nil adverse environment impacts is to be selected. Critical analysis is therefore required for selection of the right alternative. Alternative Analysis (AA) has been done for critical aspects of the project.

M/s IOCL Panipat Refinery has proposed to install Ligno Cellulosic based 100 KLPD, 2G Ethanol manufacturing plant at its existing premises of IOCL, Panipat, Haryana. While setting -up the proposed project following parameters were kept in consideration.

5.2 Site Justification a) Availability of Required Land Total land available for plant is 34.66 acres of Gram Panchayat, Baholi, Panipat Refinery Road , Dist. Panipat, Haryana.

b) Feed Stock source, availability. The Feed Stock/agricultural wastes like rice straw, which is rich in lingo cellulose is available abundantly can be easily procured from outside villages in the district.

c) Site approach The site is having is connectivity forNH-1 at 10 KM, Panipat Railway station at 23 km distance(approx.).

d) Topography / Nature of terrain The existing site has plain topography and doesn’t require cutting or filling and subsequently doesn’t entail much manpower and machinery.

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e) Availability of water The plant will require 3000 m3 of water per day. The water will be drawn from the western Yamuna river canals. f) Environmental Considerations The site selected is feasible w.r.t following listed points below:-  No forest land involved at site.  No cultivable land involved at site.  No requirement of cutting of trees.  No displacement of people  No defence installations.  Away from critically polluted area  Away from national park and wildlife sanctuaries  Away from tiger reserve/elephant reserve/turtle nestling grounds  Away from core zone of biosphere reserve.  Away from archaeological sites.  The project site fall in moderate seismic zone-III & IV  No occurrence of flood/ landslides in the project site area

The proposed project location is at the IOCL Land Panipat Refinery lying redundant adjacent to Panipat Refinery. The proposed location is already having certain infrastructure like water tanks, buildings, substations, roads, boundary walls etc. which will be refurbished/modified as per the new requirements

5.3 Alternative for risk reduction in industry: Virtually all the health hazards common to industry may be present distillery plant, namely,  Chemical hazards (toxic, irritant sensitizing substances and possible carcinogens,  Physical hazards (noise, vibration, working at extreme temperatures)  Biological hazards (headache, respiratory problems lung diseases (specially pulmonary fibrosis, bagassosis etc.)  Ergonomic hazards (manual handling activities, lumination, ventilation, workstations etc.)

Psychosocial hazards associated with the work atmosphere hours (Isolation, of work, tours, shifts, work load and content, fatigue, etc all contribute to psychological stress

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The Risk Assessment (RA) of the units has been done to identify the key hazards and risks. By conducting this type of RA it should be emphasized that the focus is on the major, worst-case, hazards and impacts from surrounding area of these units, essentially in order to priorities the off-site risks and potential impacts to the public.

Occupational risk, health survey and management, is carried out logically, systematically and methodically of identifying, analyzing, assessing, mitigating, monitoring and communicating health risks associated with an activity, function or process in a way that will enable organizations to control health risk.

The management system for occupational health provides the framework for the process of identifying hazards, assessing associated risks, taking action and reviewing the outcome. The objective is to prevent occupational diseases and to promote the employee health. In occupational health, the deliverable is the absence of occupational diseases resulting in a healthy and productive worker. Hence, all the occupational risks will be mitigated at the IOCL.

Thus, there is no alternative requirement of site/additional land for the proposed activity as the IOCL Panipat already have extra additional land with availability of all resources and required facilities.

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CHAPTER 6 Environmental Monitoring Plan 6.1 Introduction Regular monitoring of environmental parameters is of immense importance to assess the status of environment during project operation. With the knowledge of baseline conditions, the monitoring programme will serve as an indicator for any deterioration in environmental conditions due to operation of the project, to enable taking up suitable mitigatory steps in time to safeguard the environment. Monitoring is an important for control of pollution since the efficiency of control measures can only be determined by monitoring. Usually, as in the case of the study, an Impact Assessment study is carried over short period of time and the data cannot bring out all variations induced by the natural or human activities. Therefore, regular monitoring programme of the environmental parameters is essential to take into account the changes in the environmental quality.

This chapter contains technical aspects of monitoring the effectiveness of mitigation measures and the environmental management plan. It ensures the smooth execution of EMP and also monitors the changes in the ambient environmental quality due to the proposed project. It includes laboratory and other facilities monitoring facilities, environmental parameters to be monitored and data to be analyzed and sampling location and schedule

A chemical or process industry in general produces solid, liquid and gaseous wastes, which are discharged to the environment. The waste product may contain pollutants which may harm environment. It is the responsibility of the industries to prevent or minimize the discharges of waste products by adopting suitable control measures in the factory. The effectiveness of such measures is ascertained by systematic monitoring of discharges at factory level and at receiving level. Monitoring of various environmental parameters will be carried out on regular basis to ascertain the following:

(i) Pollution status within the plant and in its vicinity. (ii) Generate data for predictive or corrective purpose in respect of pollution. (iii) Effectiveness of pollution control measures and control facilities. (iv) To assess environmental impacts. (v) To follow the trend of parameters which have been identified as critical.

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6.2. Monitoring Plan Regular monitoring of important and crucial environmental parameters is of immense importance to assess the status of environment during plant operation. The knowledge of baseline status and monitored data is an indicator to ascertain for any deterioration in environmental conditions due to operation of the plant. Based on these data, suitable mitigation steps could be taken in time to safeguard the environment. Monitoring is as important as that of pollution control since the efficiency of control measures can only be determined by monitoring. The routine monitoring program as indicated below will be implemented in the industry. A comprehensive monitoring program is suggested.

Monitoring shall take the form of direct measurement and recording of quantitative information, such as amounts and concentrations of discharges, emissions and wastes, for measurement against corporate or statutory standards, consent limits or targets. It may also require measurement of ambient environmental quality in the vicinity of a site using ecological/biological, physical and chemical indicators. Monitoring may include socioeconomic interaction, through local liaison activities or even assessment of complaints.

The environmental monitoring during the operational phase of the proposed project is important to assess the performance of pollution control equipment installed in proposed project. Hence, regular monitoring of crucial environmental parameters is of immense importance to assess the status of environment during plant operation. With the knowledge of baseline conditions, the monitoring programme can serve as an indicator for any deterioration in environmental conditions due to operation of the plant so as suitable steps could be taken in time to safeguard the environment.

The sampling and analysis of environmental attributes including monitoring locations will be as per the guidelines of the Central Pollution Control Board/ State Pollution Control Board. Accordingly, environmental monitoring will be conducted on regular basis at the new 100 KLPD ethanol plant to assess the pollution level in the plant as well in the surrounding area with the following objectives:

 To verify the impacts predicated due to the proposed project.  To identify the trends with time in the levels of parameters.  To check or assess the efficacy of the various pollution controlling measures.

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 To ensure that new parameters, other than those identified in the impact assessment study, do not become critical through the commissioning of proposed project.  Establish database for future Impact Assessment Studies for expansion projects.

Environmental Components that will be monitored :  Air quality;  Water and wastewater quality;  Noise levels;  Soil quality;  Ecological preservation and afforestation;  Socio-economic status and community development

Meteorology Meteorological parameters such as wind, atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity and rain fall shall be monitored.

Gaseous Emissions and Ambient Air Quality Both ambient air quality and stack emissions shall be monitored for pollutants such as Particulate

Matter, NOX and SOX. Monitoring will be done as per CPCB guidelines. Continuous emission monitoring system will be installed in proposed project to monitor air quality.

Water and Waste Water Quality All the effluents emanating from the plant should be monitored for their physicochemical characteristics and heavy metals. In addition, ground water samples at downstream and up stream of the compost yard shall be monitored on regular basis. Online analysers will monitor key parameters of treated effluent (i.e, feed to RO)

6.3. Sampling Schedule At construction phase, the proposed activity envisages setting up of Vessel, Tanks, establishment of

storage facilities. During operational stage, continuous CO2 emissions from biomethanation unit, wastewater disposal, solid waste management need to monitored regularly.

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Table 6.1: Environmental Monitoring Action Plan for 100 KLPD Ethanol Plant

Environmental Project stage Parameter Standards Location Duration / Implementation Supervision Component Frequency

Ambient Air Construction PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOX , National At the Continuous Environmental Cell IOCL Phase CO Ambient installation 24-hourly of IOCL or NABL Quality location once in six approved Standards months monitoring agency. As, per CPCB/SPCB requirements

Operation HC and VOC National Near both new Continuous Environmental Cell IOCL Phase Ambient plant and old 24-hourly of IOCL or NABL Quality plant once in six approved Standard months monitoring agency. As, per CPCB/SPCB requirements

PM2.5, PM10, SOX, NOX, National Near boundary Continuous Environmental Cell IOCL & CO Ambient walls in upwind 24-hourly of IOCL or NABL  Flue gas from Boiler Quality and down wind once in six approved Chimney. Standards direction at Plant months monitoring agency.  Stack emissions from As, per CPCB/SPCB DG sets. requirements  Vehicles Servicing & PUC check.

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Environmental Project stage Parameter Standards Location Duration / Implementation Supervision Component Frequency Water Quality Construction pH, TSS, TDS, BOD, COD As Water At the site, Six Monthly Environmental Cell IOCL Phase , Temperature quality of IOCL or NABL (As per IS: 10500:2012 standards approved for relevant (IS monitoring agency parameters). 10500:2012) Operation pH, TSS, TDS, BOD, COD As Water Within the site Six Monthly Environmental Cell IOCL Phase , Temperature quality (This is a ZLD of IOCL Refinary or standards plant) NABL approved (As per IS: 10500:2012 (IS monitoring agency for relevant parameters) 10500:2012) In consultation with PCB

Six Monthly Environmental Cell IOCL of IOCL or NABL approved monitoring agency Noise Construction Spot Noise Level As per At the site of 24-hourly Environmental Cell IOCL Measurements Phase recording; National Noise installation, measurement of IOCL or NABL Leq(night), Leq(day), standards , once approved Leq(dn) quarterly monitoring agency Noise Level in dB (A) during the construction phase

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Environmental Project stage Parameter Standards Location Duration / Implementation Supervision Component Frequency Operation Spot Noise Level As per At site, Near 24-hourly Environmental Cell IOCL Phase recording; National Noise Pump house etc. measurement, of IOCL or NABL Leq(night), standards Roads, Trucks once six approved Leq(day), Leq(dn) Travelling areas months monitoring agency Noise Level in dB (A) within the plants.

Soil Construction Texture, pH, electrical As per Storage area, Six Monthly Environmental Cell IOCL / conductivity, cation relevant parts open area of IOCL or NABL Operation exchange capacity, of IS: 2720, approved alkali, metals, Sodium “Indian monitoring agency Absorption Ratio Standard (SAR), permeability, Methods of porosity. Test for Soils” Green Belt Operation Number of plantation As per CPCB In and around Monthly Environmental Cell IOCL (units), guidelines the plant site of IOCL number of survived plants/ trees, number of poor plant/ trees.

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Environmental Project stage Parameter Standards Location Duration / Implementation Supervision Component Frequency Occupational Construction Health and fitness As per Safety At all the - Environmental Cell IOCL Health / Operation checkup of guidelines and locations of IOCL Employees/staff getting OHSAS policy exposed to various hazards

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Maintenance of Flora & Fauna Approx. 33% of land will be developed into Green belt . Various plant species will be planted. There growth and maintenance will be monitored monthly.

Waste Management A waste management plan will be implemented that will Identifies and characterizes every waste arising associated with proposed activities. It will also identify the procedures for collection, handling & disposal of each waste arising. All the records of solid waste generation, treatment and Disposal will be maintained. It will be monitored once in a week during operation phase.

Soil quality monitoring 3-4 locations will be selected for the organic and inorganic matter analysis of soil within 5 km radii from the project site. The physico - chemical characteristics of the soil and fertility status will be analysed once in the pre monsoon & post monsoon season or as per SPCB guidelines.

6.4 Environmental Monitoring Budget Plan:

The costs involved for environmental monitoring will be considered in environmental management plan which is Rs. 6 Lakhs/per annum.

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CHAPTER 7 Additional Studies: Risk Assessment and Disaster management Plan 7.1 Introduction

Risk involves the occurrence or potential occurrence of some accident consisting of an event or sequence of events.

MCA stands for Maximum Credible Accident or in other words, an accident with maximum damage distance, which is believed to be probable. MCA analysis does not include quantification of the probability of occurrence of an accident. In practice the selection of accident scenarios for MCA analysis is carried out on the basis of engineering judgment and expertise in the field of risk analysis especially in accident analysis.

Detailed study helps in plotting the damage contours on the detailed plot plan in order to assess the magnitude of a particular event. A disastrous situation is the outcome of fire, explosion or toxic hazards in addition to other natural causes that eventually lead to loss of life, property and ecological imbalances.

MCA analysis encompasses defined techniques to identify the hazards and compute the consequent effects in terms of damage distances due to heat radiation, toxic releases, vapour cloud explosion etc. A list of probable or potential accidents of the major units in the complex arising due to use, storage and handling of the hazardous materials are examined to establish their credibility. Depending upon the effective hazardous attributes and their impact on the event, the maximum effect on the surrounding environment and the respective damage caused can be assessed.

7.2. Risk Assessment

Disaster is synonymous with 'emergency' as defined by the Ministry of Environment and Forests & Climate Change (MoEF & CC). An emergency occurring in the proposed project is one that may affect several sections within it and/ or may cause serious injuries, loss of lives, extensive damage to environment or property or serious disruption outside the plant. It will require the best use of internal resources and the use of outside resources to handle it effectively. It may happen usually as the result of a malfunction of the normal operating procedures. It may also be precipitated by the intervention of an outside force such as a cyclone, flood, earthquake or deliberate acts of arson or sabotage.

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A properly designed and operated plant will have a very low probability (to a level of acceptable risk) of accident occurrence. Subsequently, a properly designed and executed management plan can further reduce the probability of any accident turning into an on-site emergency and/or an off-site emergency.

The three main goals of risk assessment are  Identify risks,  Quantify the impact of the potential threats and  Provide an economic balance between the impact of risk and the cost of the Safeguard

7.2.1 Salient Feature of Risk Mitigation

(i) Design, manufacture and construction of buildings, plant and machineries will be as per National and International Codes as applicable in specific cases and laid down by statutory authorities (ii) Provision of adequate access ways for movement of equipment and personnel will be made. (iii) Minimum of two numbers of gates for escape during disaster will be provided In the vicinity of main plant entrance, there will be an emergency assembly point where plant personnel will assemble in the event of any disaster. (iv) Adequate numbers of Fire Fighting equipment’s& Fire extinguishers will be installed in the work places for emergency purpose and the Supervisors / Workers will be trained to use the equipment. (v) A qualified Doctor and a compounder will be employed for attending to any emergency.

7.2.2 Identification of Risks For identification of risk due to proposed project, it requires in depth study of

 Raw material  Process Risk  Storages  Operations  Maintenance

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 Safety  Fire protection  Effluent disposal

A) Raw material

Rice straw will be used as a raw material to produce ethanol. In addition to raw material chemicals like Acids, caustic solution, enzymes, yeast also required in the ethanol process. Chemicals required in the utility like DM plant, cooling water system, etc stored in allocated areas.

B) Process / Operation Operational risks are categorized below Process hazards: Loss of containment during handling of hazardous materials or processes resulting in fire, explosion, etc.

 Mechanical hazards: Mechanical operations such as welding, maintenance, falling objects etc. - basically those NOT connected to hazardous materials.  Electrical hazards: Electrocution, high voltage levels, short circuit, etc.

C) Boiler and associated areas Particulars: Failure of safety devices, including pressure relief valves and interlocks: The explosion is expected due to bursting of high pressure equipment like boiler, the water required for boiler is pumped through high-pressure pumps, the high-pressure steam generated in the boiler is sent process plant through the pipeline. Which have flanged joints, with sandwich gaskets in between for better sealing. At times, due to water hammering this gasket fails and leads to bursting of the flange joint.

Carrying out regular inspection and periodic safety certification of all safety devices compliance with required rules and regulations of safety systems is necessary. It must be always ensured that the pressure relief valves and interlocking arrangements as per standard design of equipment.

D) Potential exposure to electricity Particular: The required power will be taken from the refinery and connected to distribution system , distribution panel, and control rooms in the ethanol plant. Follow up of standard operating procedures and regular training on electrical safety.

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Ensure suitability and adaptability of electrical equipment with respect to classified hazardous areas and protection against lightening protection and static charges. Adopting preventive maintenance practices as per testing and inspection schedules. Ensure all maintenance and repair jobs with prior work permit system. Use of personal protective equipment and ensuring compliance of the Indian Electricity Rules, 2003. Ensure all electrical circuits designed for automatic, remote shut down.

E) Fire incident Particular: Rice Straw storage, electrical wearing and fuel handling area. Follow up of standard operating procedures and suitability and adaptability of electrical equipment with respect to classified hazardous areas and protection against lightening protection and static charges. Adopting preventive maintenance practices as per testing and inspection.

F) Solid/ Liquid waste disposal Particular: Ash generated from cogeneration plant, solid waste and effluent generated from ethanol plant unit Standard operating procedures for disposal of ash need to be followed like isolated disposal of hot ash inside the silo, use ash will sold, brick & cement manufacturing industries. Effluent will be treated as per regulatory norms and treated water will be reused. Solid organic waste generated from Ethanol plant will be used as manure. Regular monitoring will be carried out as per schedule to avoid any kind of pollution

G) Health Risk Particular: Exposure to toxic and corrosive chemicals Provision of secondary containment system for all liquid corrosive chemicals fuel and lubricating oil storages. Constructing storage tanks and pipes for toxic chemicals as per the applicable standards. Inspection and radiography will be followed to minimize risk of tank or pipeline failure. Provision of protective equipment’s such as protective clothing, goggles, safety shoes and breathing masks for workers working in chemical storage. Provision of emergency eyewash and showers in the working area.

H) Safety risk Particular: Ensure Workers Safety. Periodical SHE training of staff and contractor. Ensuring special training to develop competent persons to manage specific issues such as safety from the system, risk assessment, scaffolding, and fire protection, Training will include the proper use of all equipment operated, safe lifting practices, the location and handling of fire extinguishers, and the use of personal protective equipment. Ensure good housekeeping practices (e.g., keeping all walkways

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clear of debris, cleaning up oil spots and excess water as soon as they are noticed, and regular inspection and maintenance of all machinery). Daily collection and separate storage of hazardous and non-hazardous waste.

I) Force Majeure and Insurance coverage to the Project Particular: Natural calamities like flood, earthquake, fire, and other act of God and Act of Man etc. Mitigation: Complete plant need to be insured and also care has been considered while designing and construction of the plant to minimize the impact. Third party Liability,

Workers compensation, Employers Liability, Legal and contractual liabilities, Loss of profit due to interruption due to fire machine, break down, and related perils, Loss of profit due to loss of generation are some of the other risk against which the mitigation measures have been considered in the project by the way of insurance.

7.3. Fire and Explosion Index Fire, Explosion and Toxicity Indexing (FETI) is a rapid ranking method for identifying the degree of hazard. In preliminary hazard analysis, chemical storages are considered to have Toxic and Fire hazards. The application of FETI would help to make a quick assessment of the nature and quantification of the hazards in these areas. However, this does not provide precise information.  Respective Material Factor (MF),  General Hazard Factors (GHF)  Special Process Hazard Factors (SPH) They are computed using standard procedure of awarding penalties based on storage handling and reaction parameters.

It can be used to classify separate elements of plant within an industrial complex. Before indexing is done, the plant is divided into plant elements. Depending upon the material in use, material factor, number of parameters such as exothermic reactions, handling hazards, pressure of system, flash point, operating temperature, inventory of flammable material, corrosive property, leakage points and toxicity are taken into consideration in determining a plant/ equipment /operation hazard. A standard method of awarding penalties and comparing the indices is used. However, this method does not give absolute status of the equipment or section. Dow's Fire and Explosion Index (F and E) is a product of Material Factor (MF) and hazard factor (F3) while MF represents the flammability and reactivity of the substances, the hazard factor (F3), is itself a product of General Process Hazards (GPH) and special process hazards (SPH). An accurate plot plan of the plant, a process flow sheet and

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Fire and Explosion Index and Hazard Classification Guide published by Dow Chemical Company are required to estimate the FE & TI of any process plant or a storage unit

7.3.1 Computations and Evaluation of Fire and Explosion Index The degree of hazard potential is identified based on the numerical value of F&EI as per the criteria given Table 7.1 Table No. 7.1 Fire & Explosion Index Degree of Hazard F & EI Range Light 0-60 Moderate 61-96 Intermediate 97-127 Heavy 128-158 Severe 159-up

Risk Index (RI) The risk categories can be expressed in terms of the Risk Index as given below. Table No. 7.2: Risk Index

Category Risk index Acceptable region <0 Low Risk 0 Moderate risk 0.67 Significant Risk 1.33 High Risk 2 Unacceptable region >2

Table No. 7.3: The Physiological Effects of Threshold Thermal Doses

Threshold Dose (Kj/m2) Effect 375 3rd degree burn 250 2nd degree burn 125 1st degree burn 65 Threshold of pain, no reddening or blistering of skin caused

Note: 1st degree burn- Involves only epidermis. Example sunburn. Blisters may occur. 2nd degree burn- Involves whole of epidermis over the area of burn plus some portion of dermis area. 3rd degree burn- Involves whole of epidermis and dermis. Sub cutaneous tissues may also be affected.

Table No. 7.4: Damage due to Incident Radiation Intensity

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Incident Radiation Type of Damage Intensity (KW/m2) 37.5 Minimum energy required igniting wood at infinite long exposure (non piloted). 32.0 Maximum flux level for thermally protected tanks 12.5 Minimum energy required for piloted ignition of wood, melting plastic tubing etc. 8.0 Maximum heat flux for un-insulated tanks. 4.5 Sufficient to cause pain to personnel if unable to reach cover within 20 seconds. However blistering of skin (1st degree burns) is likely. 1.6 Will cause no discomfort to long exposure. 0.7 Equivalent to solar radiation.

7.4. Consequence Analysis Hazardous substance on release can cause damage on a large scale in the environment. The extent of the damage is dependent upon the nature of the release and the physical state of the material. It is necessary to visualize the consequences and the damages caused by such releases. The quantification of the physical effects can be done by means of various models, which can then be translated in terms of injuries and damage to exposed population and buildings.

Hazardous substances may be released as a result of a catastrophe causing possible damage to the surrounding areas. The extent of damage depends upon the nature of the release. The release of flammable materials and subsequent ignition results in heat radiation, pressure wave or vapour cloud depending upon the flammability. It is important to visualize the consequences of the release of such substances and the damage caused to the surrounding areas. An insight into physical effects resulting from the release of hazardous substances can be had by means of various models. Vulnerability models are used to translate the physical effects occurring in terms of injuries and damage to exposed population and buildings

7.5. Risk Mitigation Measures The materials handled at the proposed installation are inflammable and reactive substances and based on the consequence analysis; the following measures are suggested as risk mitigation measures. It should be ensured that combustible materials such as oiled rags, wooden supports, oil buckets etc. are not kept in the storage and process areas as well as road tankers loading/unloading sites where there is maximum possibility of presence of flammable hydrocarbons in large quantities, to reduce the probability of secondary fires.  Smoke and fire detectors should be suitably located and linked to fire fighting system to reduce the response time and ensure safe dispersal of vapours before ignition can occur.

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 Training in fire fighting, escape action, operation of emergency switches etc. is vital.  Pump loading line failures also have possibility of causing major damage. Strict inspection, maintenance and well laid down operation procedures are essential for preventing escalation of such incidents.  Emergency procedures should be well rehearsed to achieve state of readiness. 7.5.1 Possibilities, Nature and Effects of Emergency Leaving aside earthquake, cyclone, flood, arson and sabotage, the possible emergencies that can arise in the power plant due to operations and storages and handling of the fuels and gases are:  Explosion in boilers, turbo generators, transformers and hydrogen plant  Subsequent fire in the fuel handling area  Large fires involving the bagasse storage yard and bagasse handling areas  Accidental release of ash slurry  Accidental fire due to some other reasons such as electrical short circuit.

7.6. Methodology of Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCA) The MCA analysis involves ordering and ranking of various sections in terms of potential vulnerability. The data requirements for MCA analysis are:  Flow diagram and P&I diagrams  Detailed design parameters  Physical & chemical properties of all the chemicals  Detailed plant layout  Detailed area layout  Past accident data The MCA analysis includes Identification of potential hazardous process units, storage sections and representative failure cases from the vessels and pipe lines

7.7. Factors Influencing the Use of Physical Effect Models In order to calculate the physical effects of the accidental releases of hazardous substances the following steps must be carried out in succession:

 Determine the form in which the hazardous substances occur- gas, gas condensed to liquid or as a liquid in equilibrium with vapour.  Determine the way in which the release takes place, above or below the liquid level in a process unit or storage facility, instantaneous or continuous

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 Determine the outflow volume (as a function of time) of the gas, vapour or liquid in the event of liquid outflow, possible two phase outflow,  Determine the evaporation from the pool of liquid formed  Dispersion of the released gas or vapour which has formed into the atmosphere

A distinction has to be made between toxic and flammable substances. In the event of the incidental release of toxic substances it is necessary to compute the concentrations of gas cloud (as a function of time and place) spreading in the surrounding areas. In the case of flammable substances, the heat radiation is computed for the following situations:  Torch, if vapours are ignited  Pool fire, if pool of liquid is ignited  Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE) which is a physical explosion In the event of an explosive gas cloud the peak overpressure resulting from the explosion is calculated and the damage contours are plotted. In the distribution model account is taken of the atmospheric stability, the so-called Pasquill classes (A to F) and a wind velocity. The model is based on a point source. In practice, however, a point source will never exist;

For example, a surface sources in the case of pools. To enable the source dimensions to be included in the calculation in the dispersion models in spite of this, an imaginary (virtual) point source is assumed, which is put back in such a way that the cloud area calculated according to the model has the source dimensions at the site of the actual source. In calculations based on a continuous source, the duration of the source is also included in the calculation. Some conditions for this calculation model are as follows:

There must be some wind at the site, The model applies only to open terrain; allowance is made, however, for the roughness of the terrain. The influence of trees, houses, etc. on the dispersion can be determined by means of the roughness length.

7.7.1 Models for the Calculation of Heat Load and Shock Waves If a flammable gas or liquid is released, damage resulting from heat radiation or explosion may occur on ignition. Models for the effects in the event of immediate ignition (torch, pool fire and BLEVE) and the ignition of a gas cloud will be discussed in succession. These models calculate the heat radiation or peak overpressure as a function of the distance to the torch, BLEVE, the ignited pool or gas cloud.

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7.7.2 Ignition of a Gas Cloud If a flammable gas is not ignited directly, this cloud will spread in the surrounding area. The drifting gas cloud will mix with air. As long as the gas concentration is between the lower and upper explosion limit, the gas cloud may explode or give flash fire on availability of an ignition source. The flammable content of a gas cloud is calculated by a three-dimensional integration of the concentration profiles, which fall within the explosion limits. If the gas cloud ignites, two situations can occur, namely non-explosive combustion (flash fire) and explosive combustion (flash fire + explosion). The heat radiation from a flash fire is not calculated since the burning time is very short. Models exist for the calculation of the peak overpressure in explosive combustion as a function of the distance from the centre of the gas cloud.

7.7.3 Burning Torch The out flowing gas on immediate ignition gives a burning torch. In this model, an ellipse is assumed for the shape of a torch. The volume of the torch (flare) in this model is proportional to the outflow. In order to calculate the thermal load the center of the flare is regarded as a point source.

7.7.4 Injuries resulting from Flammable Liquids and Gases In the case of flammable liquids and gases on immediate ignition, a pool fire or BLEVE or a flare will occur. The injuries in this case are mainly caused by heat radiation. It is only in the case of a BLEVE that injury may occur as a result of flying fragments also. Serious injuries as the result of the shock wave generally do not occur outside the fire ball zone. Fragmentation of the storage system can cause damage up to distances of over 1 km. If the gas is not ignited immediately, it will disperse into the atmosphere. If the gas cloud ignites, it is assumed that everyone present within the gas cloud will die as a result of burns or asphyxiation. The duration of the thermal load will be too brief in case of explosion to cause any injuries. In the event of very rapid combustion of the gas cloud the shock wave may cause damage outside the limits of the cloud. Explosive combustion will only occur if the cloud is enclosed to some extent between buildings and structures.

7.7.5 Damage Models for Heat Radiation It is assumed that everyone inside the area covered by the fire ball, a BLEVE, a torch, a burning pool or gas cloud will be burnt to death or will asphyxiate. The following probit functions are examples of methods which can be used to calculate the percentage of lethality and first degree burns that will accurate a particular thermal load and period of exposure of an unprotected body. Lethality Pr = 36.38 + 2.56 ln (t.q4/3)

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First degree burn symptoms Pr = 39.83 + 3.0186 ln (t.q4/3)

Where, t= Exposure time in seconds, q= Thermal load in W/m2, Pr= Probit value, which relates to the percentage of affected people For the exposure time, two values are chosen:

 10 seconds: In a residential area, it is reasonable to assume that affected people can find protection from the thermal load within 10 seconds.  30 seconds: This pessimistic assumption applies if people cannot directly flee or no protection is provided to them.

7.7.6 Occupational Health &Safety (Construction Phase) During the construction phase accident may occurs due to operation of equipment, vehicular movement, construction activities etc. To minimize the occupational health hazards following measures shall be taken  PPE like helmets, goggles, safety mask, ear plugs, safety shoes, etc. will be provided to workers.  Training to worker will help to minimize the probability of accident to large extent. Workers will get training considering their health aspects and hence the occupational health and safety impacts can be controlled  Effective implementation of the mitigation measures, proper care and training for the safety aspects will be followed which will controls occupational health or contagious diseases.

Occupational Health &Safety (Operation Phase)

Occupational hazardous will be associated with following area  Workplace area involving production unit, distillation unit, Boiler section, raw material handling area etc.  It is envisaged that occupational health hazards shall be associated with operational activities such as spillage and exposure to the chemical, mechanical hazards like cuts and hits and electrical shocks.

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Accident due to fall from height, burn injury and trap in the machine or motors during operation. All these above mentioned impact or risk associated with various operational activities of the plant shall be mitigated by implementing the following measures:  All safety signs will be placed at proper location.  First aid kits will be made available at every department  Pre-employment Medical check-up and periodical medical check-up shall be undertaken to know the occupational health hazards at the early stage.  Work permit system will be introduced to avoid the entry or un-authorized working to avoid the incidences which can lead to the accident if proper care is not taken  All arrangement required for Fire hydrant system shall made at every vulnerable location to have the fire fighting facility.  Apart from above, all required Fire Extinguishers shall be provided at appropriate locations  All staff and workers will be trained in fire fighting operations and emergency preparedness plan or to tackle the accident  Apart from all engineering control measures, if required necessary PPEs shall be provided as last protection measures to the employees.  Good housekeeping also plays important role in avoiding the undesirable incidences / accidents, hence good housekeeping practices will be employed throughout the Factory premises.  All workers are provided with suitable personal protective equipment (PPE). The air & noise levels are regularly monitored and they are within permissible limits (Refer Chapter 3)  The workers working in high noise level generating area shall undergo audiometric test once in a six months. Proper designing of building, work area, good ventilation, good exhaust system & air circulation, relieving from thermal stress, provision of relaxation facilities. Isolation to specific areas, Rotation of workers/shifts to avoid continuous exposure, Enforcement & encouragement to use PPE is practiced 7.8 Safety Equipment Table No. 7.5 : Fire & safety facilities with Proposed project Particulars Nos DCP Type 5 Kg Fire Extinguisher 20 DCP Type 10 Kg Fire Extinguisher 10

CO2,Water type ,Capacity 9 lit 5 Mechanical Foam Type, Capacity 9 lit 5

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7.9 Risk Reduction Measures The following opportunities will be considered as a potential means of reducing identified risks during the detailed design phase:  Buildings and plant structures designed for cyclone and seismic events (where appropriate), to prevent structural collapse and integrity of weather (water) proofing for storage of dangerous goods;  Provision for adequate water capacity to supply fire protection systems and critical process water;  Isolate people from load carrying/mechanical handling systems, vehicle traffic and storage and stacking locations;  Installation of fit-for-purpose access ways and fall protection systems to facilitate safe access to fixed and mobile plant;  Provision and integrity of process tanks, waste holding tanks and bunded areas as per relevant standards;  Containment of hazardous materials;  Security of facility to prevent unauthorized access to plant, introduction of prohibited items, and control of onsite traffic; and  Development of emergency response management systems commensurate with site specific hazards and risks (fire, explosion, rescue and first aid).  Surrounding population (includes all strata of society) should be made aware of the safety precautions to be taken in the event of any mishap within the plant. This can effectively be done by conducting the training programs.  Critical switches and alarm should be always kept in line  Fire extinguishers should be tested periodically and should be always kept in operational mode  A wind direction pointer should also be installed at storage site so that in an emergency the wind direction can be directly seen and downwind population caution.  Shut off and isolation valves should be easily approachable in emergencies A detailed HAZOP and Fault Tree Analysis should be carried out before commissioning of any new installation.

7.10 Disaster Management and Emergency Plan

IOCL Panipat (Ligno-celluosic 2G Ethanol Plant) will be a new growth oriented center around district. Such unit can pose threat of danger / hazard due to storage of hazardous materials. Distillery plant

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also poses electrocution, fire, and explosion hazards. When the full fledge activity of Ethanol Plant will gear up it will have to follow Factories Act 1948 & Haryana Factories Rules 1963 with all amendments till today and any directives from Director Safety, Health & Environment [SHE] will automatically be binding on IOCL Panipat . In such condition to appoint a qualified Safety Officer is a must & will be an adequate, wise step in such direction. On site and off site disaster control plans and their perfect implementation will be part and parcel of the management & such safety officer. To lessen the probability of hazard to occur & avoid the consequent damage, a disaster management and control plan has to be worked out for whole complex in anticipation to the threat.

7.11 Type of Disaster at IOCL Panipat (Ligno-celluosic 2G Ethanol Plant) complex Disaster can occur as on site or off site variety i.e. disaster on campus or disaster in nearby area causing indirect damage to site area & the complex. Disaster may occur due to two categories, natural and manmade calamities. Natural calamities cover Flood, , Earthquake, Heavy mist, fog, hail storm. Manmade calamities involve Fire & Explosion, All types of leakages & spillage, Electrocution, excavation, construction, erection, Sabotage, rail & road accidents, Mass agitation, Looting, Morcha, war. The identified hazardous areas in the complex are 1. Boiler area - Explosion 2.Electrical rooms - Fire and electrocution 3. Transformer area - Fire and electrocution 4. Cable - Fire and electrocution 5. Storage facilities – Fire / spillage for feed stock storage and fuel Ethanol Considering various probabilities the management & safety department has to create safety awareness & preparedness in all employees and people in vicinity area in case of any sort of emergency to occur & a chalked out attempt to surely overcome the disaster in time. This includes preparation of on site and off site disaster control plans, their mock drills at least 2 times in a calendar year, reports for the same to DISH & due amendments for the perfect implementation. 7.12 Level of accident If there is any disaster in any part of plant/work place due to any reason the level of accidents from damage point of view may vary. Accordingly accident prevention program will have to be initiated by safety department simultaneously.

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7.13 Critical Targets during Emergency Level - I Accidents Under this level disaster may happen due to electrocution, fire explosion, oil spillage and spontaneous ignition of combustible material. This level has probability of occurrence affecting persons inside the plant. Various hazardous areas identified in section 6.3 are potential areas to be affected due to level – I accidents. Level - II Accidents Disaster of this level can occur in case of sabotage and complete failure of all automatic control / warning systems, in case of fire in Biomass storage area and ethanol storage tank. However, probability of occurrence of this is very low due to the proposed adequate security training, and education level of plant personnel for the captive power plant.

7.14 Site Emergency Control Room (SECR) & Site main controller In each segment of work from domestic level to war fighting team level approach always helps. If concerned man is aware of his duty at his place & need of the time he can complement to huge task of lessening the damage of the disaster. To overcome the emergency in its occurrence it is the strategy to get prepared in advance, plan for the team effort, educate others and reduce all effects of disaster.

In case of any disaster main responsibility lies with the Chairman and Board of Directors, where they can nominate one fellow to be responsible person who will be Chief incidence controller. In case of disaster key person like Chief engineer, Chief chemist, Distillery manager will be the site main incidence controller and will commence respective duties in that capacity to curtail the emergency & minimize the losses may be occurring.

People in all departments can assist to contact external persons, district, state & central authorities, hospital & ambulance contact, evacuation if needed for people in the vicinity with assistance of state transport buses. People from maintenance department can help to rectify the fault in system. Security persons assist in fire fighting & material movement operation to avoid losses. It is utmost necessary to plan the control plan & to involve all staff in factory to get any sort of external help / assistance in time to lessen all sorts of damage.

To assist the disaster control more effectively a site emergency control room (SECR) will be established at the plant site. The SECR may be provided with following sections:  All site plant layout

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 List of important telephone numbers of Chairman & Directors IOCL Panipat , Chief Engineer, Chief Chemist, Distillery Manager, Administration Manager.  Telephone numbers of near by Gram Panchayat, & District collector, State transport depot office, District & local fire brigade station, home guard, civil defence, N.C.C. unit, State crisis group, , CGO complex, MoEF, New Delhi  All material handling & incoming vehicle traffic to be stopped temporarily.  All out going lines to be used to contact above authorities.  Captive power plant layout showed with inventories and locations of fuel  Hazard identification chart, maximum number of people working at a time, assembly points etc  List of village and their population in the vicinity of proposed Distillery plant  Public address system like loud speaker, battery operated speaker, sirens,  Whistles, batteries, signaling flags etc.  Rechargeable and battery operated torch lights and invertors.  Tie up with nearest hospital for medical assistance and facility for stretchers, chairs etc.  List of registered medical practitioners in vicinity.  Study map showing various villages and towns in the vicinity of distillery plant.  Muster Roll of all present employees.  Note pads and ball pens to record message received and instructions to be passed to concerned persons  The blow up copy of Layout plan showing areas where accident could occur.  Accident mock drill for at least 2 times in a calendar year is to be a part of routine exercise. The report bf such drill has to be submitted to DISH for his information & approval.

7.15 Disaster Preventive Measures The proposed power plant will have following preventive measures to avoid occurrence of disasters: (i) Specification & marking of safe area to gather in emergency. (ii) Design, manufacture and construction of plant, machineries and buildings will be as per national and international codes as applicable in specific cases and laid down by statutory authorities. (iii) Provision of adequate access ways for movement of equipment and personnel shall be kept. (iv) Minimum two numbers of gates to escape during disaster shall be provided. (v) Proper colour coding for all process water, air & steam lines will be done.

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(vi) Proper insulation for all steam & condensate, hot water lines will be done. (vii) Provision of circuit breakers, isolation switches, signals will be provided as per electricity act & rules. (viii) Proper & rigid bonding and earthing to all equipment will be arranged. (ix) Meager value of earthing connections will be checked each 6 months and the same record will be available. (xi) System of fire hydrants comprising, of electrical motor driven fire pumps is planned. The fire hydrant system will have electrical motor and a generator driven jockey pump to keep the fire hydrant system properly pressurized. (xii) Automatic water sprinkling system is planned for all transformers.

7.16 Fire Fighting Arrangements

In addition to the existing Fire Fighting System, separate Fire safety system is planned to be installed for 100 2 G ethanol Plant, which will cover its following sections :

1. Feed stock storage & Material Handling & Milling 2. Wet Washing & Pretreatment Section 3. Enzymatic Hydrolysis 4. Co- Fermentation 5. Distillation 6. Solid Liquid Separation 7. Effluent Treatment section 8. RS Storage Tank (In existing Alcohol storage section) 9. Fire Fighting System 10. Cooling Towers 11. Labs and Control room. 12. Office and Admin Buildings

Fire system will be designed primarily as per TAC guidelines. Fire safety system includes: a) Hydrant System with water cum foam monitor for the Complete Plant b) Wet Riser System for Milling, Pre-treatment, Solid Liquid Separation/Filter Press, Fermentation and Distillation c) Suitable Fire Alarm & Detection system for the Complete Plant

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The existing RS tank will be used to store RS produced from the 100 KLPD plant and will be equipped with necessary fire safety systems. 7.17 Location Type Of Fire Extinguishers-

 Cable galleries: CO2 Type, Foam Type Dry chemical powder

 High voltage panel: CO2 Type, Foam Type Dry chemical powder

 Control rooms: CO2 Type, Foam Type Dry chemical powder

 MCC rooms: CO2 Type, Foam Type Dry chemical powder

 Pump houses: CO2 Type, Foam type dry chemical powder  Offices & Godowns: Foam or Dry chemical powder Type

 Crushers house: CO2 Type, Foam Type dry chemical powder

 Feed stock storage and Feeding , Milling - CO2 Type, Foam type dry chemical powder 7.18 Recommendations The fire tender, which will be part of project with following minimum firefighting arrangements shall be procured:  Water tank - 2800 m3  Foam tank - 45 litres  Fire extinguishers – 45 nos 7.19 Alarm System to be followed during disaster On receiving the message of ‘Disaster from Site Main Controller, fire station control room attendant will sound Siren ‘WAVING TYPE’ for 5 minutes. Incident controller will arrange to broad cast disaster message through public address system. On receiving the message of “Emergency Over” from incident Controller the fire station control room attendant will give “All Clear Signal” by sounding alarm straight for two minutes. The features of alarm system will be explained to one and all to avoid panic or misunderstanding during disaster. It is necessary to take one trial for perfect functioning of the siren at least once in one week with prior intimation to Panipat District Collector. 7.20 Public Hearing

Public Hearing for proposed project Ligno- Cellulosic 2G Ethanol Plant (100 KLPD) fuel grade ethanol plant of Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. at Gram Panchayat Baholi , Panipat Refinery Road , district Panipat, Haryana has been conducted on 27th March, 2019 at 11.00 am in the plant premises of M/s Indian Oil Corporation Ltd,. Panipat in accordance with EIA notification issued by MoEF&CC vide S.O. 1533, dated 14th September 2006 and subsequent amendments. The Draft EIA Report along with Executive summary in English and Hindi were made available for the public at the various government offices. The press notification indicating date and venue of the public hearing was

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issued by Member secretary, Haryana State Pollution Control Board in one of the widely circulated national level newspapers on 23/02/2019 in “YugMarg” & Janpath. Copy of News paper notice is enclosed as an Annexure-III. 7.20.1 Details Of Public Hearing Proceedings

Public Hearing Panel:

1. Ms. Sumedha Kataria – Chairperson I.A.S. Deputy Commissioner, Panipat

2. Shri. Bhupinder Singh

Regional Officer, HSPCB, Panipat

At the outset Shri. Bhupinder Singh welcomed the chairman of public hearing committee and public. He explained Provision of the EIA Notification 2006 as amended in 2009 by the Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate, Govt. of India under which the public hearing was held.

He informed that the project proponent had submitted application for conducting public hearing to Haryana State Pollution Control Board. Accordingly, a public notice of public hearing was adverted in “YugMarg” & Janpth on 23.02.2019. The copies of EIA Report with Executive summary were made available at various notified offices government.

Environment Consultant of the Project Proponent explained in detail about the proposed project and also explained about the pollution and environmental aspects of the proposed project and the measures to be taken by the project proponent along with the environment management plan in brief prepared by them for the project and impact of the project on environment along with control measures/steps.

After the presentation, Regional Officer, HSPCB, Panipat called for the objections/suggestions/questions to seek information or clarification on the project by the public and the following questions/objections/suggestions raised and information/clarification sought on the project, environment related issues by the participants and reply given by the Representatives & Environment Consultant of the Project Proponent and other concerned are given below:

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Table 7.6 Public Hearing Compliance.

Sr. No. Name of the Questions/Suggestions Response given by Project Proposed Budget Timeline person with /Comments Proponent address 1. Shree. Jonny What are the provisions  Project Proponent  7 Crore  It will be complied as R/o Village- of CER (Corporate replied that there is per guidelines. Dadlana Environment provision of Rs. 7 crore Responsibility) in the for this and same will proposed project? be used after discussion with the Head of the nearby villages. . 2. Shree. Sanjit Mr. Sanjit objected that  Project Proponent  Not applicable  Not applicable R/O Village all local contractor pays replied that the wages Murthal less than minimum of the labour of the wages to the labour. IOCL Panipat are credited directly in to the account of the labour.  Additionally Deputy Commissioner Panipat replied that now a days the wages of the labour are credited directly in

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to the account of the labour for the transparency and if there is any specific compliant, the same may be submitted to the concerned and action will be taken against such contractors. 3. Shree. How much water will be  Project Proponent  27.02 Cr  Will be completed on Bhupinder used in the proposed replied that 125 m3 /hr. June 2021 Singh, project? Whether new of the water will be Regional Effluent Treatment Plant used and new ETP of Officer, (ETP) will be installed or adequate capacity will HSPCB, existing ETP will be used be installed to treat the Panipat. for the treatment of the waste water generated waste water generated from the proposed from the proposed project. Moreover the project? effluent will be How much of the water recycled in the plant quantity will be taken after treatment . from underground Proposed project is water and what are the based on Zero Liquid provisions of water Discharge (ZLD). recharge in the  The water will be taken proposed project? from nearby Irrigation We also suggest to Canal for the proposed

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install Piezo-meter for project and water will regular monitoring of not be extracted from the underground water the underground table in the proposed water. Moreover water project. harvesting tanks will be provided in the proposed project .  Project proponent agreed with the suggestion.

4. Shree Vikas Where the generated  Project Proponent  Not Applicable  Not Applicable R/O Panipat bio-gas will be utilized? replied that the generated Bio-gas from the proposed plant will be utilized in the Boiler as fuel. 5. Shree. Rajesh What are the provisions  Project Proponent  @ 50 Lacks  Will be completed on R/O Vllage proposed for the parking replied that specific June 2021 Balijatan of vehicles as the parking will be tractor-trolley and provided for the tractor trucks of the stubble will – trolley and trucks to come in the proposed carry stubble in the plant? proposed plant

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Deputy Commissioner, Panipat told that the suggestions will be taken care & asked the public that they can also submit their objections or queries, if any, personally in his office and action will be taken for the same.

Thereafter, with the permission of Deputy Commissioner , Panipat, Regional Officer, HSPCB , Panipat had declared the public hearing to be concluded and ended with a vote of thanks.

Copy of Public hearing minutes attached as annexure- IV.

Fig 7.1:Photogrphs of Public Hearing

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CHAPTER 8 Project Benefits 8.1 Introduction Project benefit focused on those points which become beneficial to the surrounding area or community in terms of infrastructural development, Social development, boosting employment and other tangible benefits due to upcoming or proposed activities in form side benefits. This project would be a pioneering effort and first plant of its kind in India to demonstrate techno economic viability of producing bio-ethanol from agricultural crop residues. This technology gives India a formidable tool to reduce its GHG emissions and fulfill its responsibility towards protecting

environment. As mentioned earlier the CII & AT Kearney joint report shows that, By 2020, a CO2 reduction of 3-4 % ( over those that existed in 2000) creating an abatement of 10 million to 12

million tons of CO2 equivalent is possible.

8.1.1 Economic Importance: The project will provide an opportunity to India to reduce its dependence on crude oil Imports. It will also reduce the impact of crude oil price volatility seen quite often in international markets. It will also help in reducing the subsidy burden of the Indian government since ethanol (produced locally from agricultural residue) displaces petrol from imported crude. By 2020, India’s total gasoline consumption is expected to touch 440 billion litres of which 20% can be replaced by bioethanol produced from lingo cellulosic raw materials. Foreign exchange savings due to replacement of gasoline could be between US $ 8 billon -10 billion per year. Which is approximately 52,800 Crores to 66,000 Crores Indian rupees.

8.1.2 Social Importance There is potential to create 18 million jobs and hence will significantly improve the future of Indian farmers and biofuels business economy. Farmers will benefit from the additional revenue generated by selling agricultural crop residues (corn cobs, rice straw, cotton stalk, sugarcane bagasse and sugarcane trash, etc.) and the rural economy will benefit from the jobs created. The economic value chain will result in distributed economic growth as the feedstock and product ethanol will be consumed locally replacing fuel purchased from outside the local economy. The money which would have been spent in procuring the equivalent amount of crude oil from foreign countries will now be injected into the local economy or country. This will have positive impact on the growth of India’s gross domestic product. Successful implementation of this technology will create hundreds of thousands of direct and indirect jobs in

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India in the entire value chain from collection of lingo cellulosic biomass to processing into bioethanol in small and medium manufacturing plants and finally marketing and selling of ethanol to oil marketing companies. 8.1.3 Environmental Importance This technology gives India a formidable tool to reduce its GHG emissions and fulfill its responsibility towards the environment. As mention earlier the CII & AT Kearney joint report shows that, By 2020,

The CO2 reduction of 3-4 % ( over those that existed in 2000) creating an abatement of 10 million to

12 million tons of CO2 equivalent is possible. The new blended fuels will help in maintaining cleaner environment due to reduction in emissions.

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CHAPTER 9 Environmental Management Plan 9.1 Introduction Environment Management Plan (EMP) is a system to address potential adverse impacts, to instruct project proponent to introduce standards of good practice to be adopted for all project activities. EMP is a site specific document for the project, to ensure that the project will be implemented in an environmentally sustainable manner and where all concerned persons of the industry as well as contractors, understand the potential environmental risks arising from the proposed project and take appropriate actions to properly manage such risk. Detail description of identification of pollution sources and its assessment are mentioned in chapter IV i.e. Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures. This delivers details EMP for identified impacts.

9.2 Objectives of EMP 1. To control the pollution parameters by implementing environment management plan for air, water, noise, soil & pollution. 2. To ensure occupational health & safety by adequate risk & hazard management 3. To comply with all the regulations stipulated by Central/ State Pollution Control Boards related to applicable laws. 4. Contribute to sustainable development. 5. To plan CSR activities to take care of stakeholder engagement.

9.3 Environment Management Plan for Construction Phase Anticipated environmental impact due to proposed project during construction phase has been discussed in chapter IV.

Below mentioned environmental management plan shall be implemented to mitigate adverse impact of the proposed project.

 Minor vegetation clearance will be required at site and very little soil excavation at the project site will be required. However identified impacts would be temporary & restricted to the project boundary. Excavated will be covered with tarpaulin sheet to avoid dust in ambient air.  During transportation of materials trucks will be covered to avoid particulate matter in air.

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 Regular sprinkling of water around vulnerable areas of the construction sites from trucks or through use of water sprinklers or any other suitable methods, to control dust as and when required.  Green belt area will be developed as per CPCB guideline to reduce air and noise pollution impacts during construction.  Well maintained construction equipment’s and machinery will be used to minimize the air pollution and noise pollution impact.  Use of vehicles with PUC certificates and regular maintenance of vehicles/ machineries and shall be undertaken.  All construction machineries will be turned off, when not in use.  Night time construction activities and vehicular movement will be restricted.  Personal Protective Equipment’s like ear muffs or ear plugs, masks etc. will be provided to workers who will have exposure to high noise.  First Aid facilities are available in existing plant and same will be used for construction workers during construction phase.  All necessary infrastructural services like water supply, sewerage, drainage facilities and electrification will be provided as per requirement.  Necessary drainage facilities shall be implemented via inclusive of catch pits or sedimentation basins for efficient drainage of construction wastewater.  Drainage network will be properly channelized. Storm water drainage will be developed properly. This network will be checked & maintained regularly. 9.4 Environment Management Plan For Operation Phase IOCL Panipat 100 KLPD Ethanol plant proposes comprehensive environment management plan to combat pollution arising due to project activity. Detailed EMP is described in subsequent below mentioned points. 9.4.1 Air Pollution Management

 It has been observed that the concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SOX and NOX are well within the prescribed limits as per the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. The major sources of air emissions from the proposed projects include nonpoint sources emissions and point source emissions.

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 The major sources of air emissions from the proposed projects will include flue gas emission, process emission and vehicular emissions. Flue gases/ stack gas emission details are given in Table 9.1 below.

 Other than the above sources, fugitive emissions from tank vents, venting of equipment during operation and maintenance are expected and are insignificant.

 The emissions from the boiler are passed through Cyclone and bag filter before releasing into atmosphere through stack. The stack heights of 80 - 85 m will be provided.

 fly ash will be sold to brick/cement manufacturer.

 Vehicular pollution measures will be undertaken by use of vehicles with PUC certificates and regular maintenance of vehicles/ machineries. Table 9.1: Stack emission details

Sr. Description Flue gas emission D.G. Set No. Boiler Fermentation Process Emissions Condensate Treatment Plant 1. Capacity TPH - - kVA 2. Stack height above 80 - 85 m - - As per CPCB ground norms 3. Stack inner diameter 2.65 m - - - 4. Material of RCC - - - construction (MoC) 5. Fuel used Rice Straw, Lignin Rich - - Diesel wet cake and Concentrated syrup 6. Fuel consumption Rice husk/ Rice Straw : - - 168 MT/day 7. Stack gas velocity 15 m/sec - - - 8. Emission rate <100 mg/Nmᶟ - - - 9. Stack gas 170-190 0C - - - temperature 10 Temperature of 150-160 0C - - - . exhaust gasses

11 Anticipated pollutant (Flue Gas): CO2 : 2600 – CH4 : 78-72 TPD PM, SO2& NOX . CO2: 550 – 580 TPD 3800 TPD SPM : 0.35 -0.45 TPD O2 : 350 – 370 TPD SOX : 2.4 to 3.2 TPD N2 : 2650- 2800 TPD

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NOX : 0.3-0.5 TPD H2O : 570-600 TPD 12 Air pollution control ESP/ Bag Filter, ID Fan, Scrubber Scrubber/ Flared Exhaust vent . equipment Chimney at safe location

 Fly Ash :The ash will be sold to fly ash brick/cement manufacturer.

ESTIMATED EMISSIONS FROM PROCESS BOILER - A. Indicative flue gas emission rates and composition  Estimated total flue gas at stack outlet based on boiler vendor : 1,62,000 – 1,75,000 kg/hr @ 160 Deg. C i.e.1,35,000 – 1,45,000 nm3/hr.

Table 9.2: Theoretically Estimated Ash Analysis (Dry Basis) Value Sr.No. Description (%) 1 Silica SiO2 68 – 70 2 Alumina Al2O3 0.50 – 1.0 3 Iron Oxide Fe2O3 1.15 – 1.50 4 Sodium Oxide Na2O 4.0 – 6.0 5 Calcium Oxide CaO 10-12 6 Copper Oxide CuO 0.01 – 0.02 7 Potassium Oxide K2O 3.0 – 4.0 8 Chromium Cr2O3 0 9 Bromide Br 0 10 Sulphates AsSO3 2.5 – 3.0 11 Chlorides As Cl 5.0 – 5.5 12 Magnesium Oxide MgO 5.0 – 6.0 13 Phosporous Oxide P2O5 0.3 – 0.5 14 Mangaese Oxide MnO 0.1-0.2 15 Zinc Oxide ZnO 0.03- 0.04 16 Vanadium Pentoxide V2O5 0.01 17 Titanium TiO2 0.02 – 0.03

9.4.2 Noise pollution management

 Construction work will be carried out during day time only.  The workers working near noise production machineries will be provided with ear plugs.  Construction equipment and vehicles will be maintained in good running condition.

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 Noise producing machinery will be placed in acoustic enclosures/ acoustic rooms to reduce the noise levels.  Workers working near noisy area will be provided with ear plugs/ suitable PPE.  Roads will be maintained in good condition to reduce the noise due to traffic.  Green belt will be developed in and around the project site which will help to reduce the noise pollution. 9.4.3 Waste Water Treatment The plant will require 3000 KLD water in operation phase. It will be drawn through nearby Yamuna river canals. Table 9.3 Water Consumption details Particulars m3/hr MT/hr Water consumption for process plant 16 DM Water consumption for boiler 28 Net fresh Water make up to cooling tower (after using recycle 68 water) Miscellaneous water consumption- Drinking, washing, etc 10 Steam 48

Approx 2450 - 2550 KLD of Spent wash from the distillation is feed to Solid Liquid Separation to remove wet cake. The liquid from solid liquid separation feed to evaporation to concentrate to 60% w/w syrup. The concentrated syrup and wet cake will be burned in the boiler as a fuel. The water recovered from evaporation will be partly recycled back to process and balanced treated in treated water plant. Intermediate Spent wash holding tank @ 5600 m3 is considered in the plot plan. MOC of the tanks is CS with epoxy. During CIP of evaporation, spent wash will be transfer to this tank and same will be consumed during evaporation. Adequate no of piezometers will be provided at strategic locations. Online analyzers will monitor key parameters of treated effluent (i.e, feed to RO) Below given is the water balance scheme:

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Figure 9.1: Water Balance Scheme

Figure9.2 : ETP Process Flow Diagram

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Table9.4 : Overall Effluent flow & Values PARAMETER UNIT VALUE STREAM A B C D E F G H Sludge AHR Aerobically Biological Name of the Process Handling RO RO reject to Treated Treated Treated Biogas stream Condensate (Ref.note permeate Evaporation Effluent Effluent Water 3) Effluent Flow m3/da 2400- 698- 1008 698-1008 698-1008 3 - 8 698 - 1008 558- 807 140 - 201 rate y 3800 pH 3-4 7.0 – 8.0 7.0 – 8.0 7.0 – 8.0 7.0 – 8.0 7.0 – 8.0 7.0 – 8.0 NA Total Dissolved mg/L 100 6000 6000 6000.00 6000.00 <240 <34000-38000 NA Solids Total 100000- Suspended mg/L <50 <500 <50 <10 <1 <70 NA 150000 Solids COD mg/L 12000 <3000 <250 NA <250 <1700 NA BOD mg/L 7000 <1400 <30 NA <30 <200 NA Temperature Deg.C 30-35 30-35 30-35 30-35 30-35 30-35 30-35 30-35 MO Alkalinity ppm - - as CaCO3 <82 Calcium Hardness as ppm - - - - - <96 - - CaCO3 Total Hardness ppm - - - - - <132 - - as CaCO3 Mg Hardness ppm - - - - - <36 - - Sodium ppm - - - - - <13.2 - - Potassium ppm - - - - - <5 - - Chlorides ppm - - - - - <16 - - Sulphates ppm - - - - - <58 - - Reactive Silica ppm - - - - - <15 - - as SiO2 Total Iron as Fe ppm - - - - - <0.1 - - Note: The dewatered biological sludge will be used for gardening and horticulture. Biogas generated will be cold vented or safely flared. RO reject will be feed to Multiple Effect Evaporation system and RO permeate can be mixed with treated raw water

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9.4.4 Land Environment/ Solid hazardous waste management ITEM UNIT VALUE SOURCE DISPOSAL Solid Effluent Mud The extraneous matter in the form of sand/clay/stones/grit coming along with the Rice Straw will be removed in Wet Washing unit as a mud. It is TPD 8 - 9 Wet Washing separated by classification and collected in trucks/tractor trolleys. As this extraneous matter is coming from the farms it will be sent back to same farms for land application

Dewatered Sludge Sludge is nothing but microorganisms based biological sludge. The sludge is generated from different biological processes carried out to treat Process Condensate Process coming from Evaporation Section of 2G Ethanol TPD 4.5 - 8.5 Condensate Plant. The collected Treatment Plant sludge is subjected to dewatering action in solid/liquid separation unit to increase the suspended solid concentration. This sludge is then sent to farms as manure Ash Ash from the boiler is collected and conveyed into silo for the storage. This ash will be transported to Cement or Brick Manufacturing Unit by means of closed trucks TPD 120 - 130 Boiler . The ash analysis is shared to Ultra Tech Cement, Shree Cement, Ambuja Cement , Nirman Cement and under discussion. The logistics will be planned to avoid any stoppage of the plant.

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9.4.5 Greenbelt development Development of greenbelt in and around an industrial complex is an effective way to attenuate air pollution. The degree of pollution attenuation depends upon height, width, foliage, surface area of leaf and density of species etc.

Greenbelt will be developed as per CPCB guidelines. Green belt will be developed in premises of project and as well as in nearby plots in Panipat complex. Layout showing greenbelt is given in Figure below.

The objectives of the proposed greenbelt development will be,  Mitigate impact due to dust emissions  Control and assist to mitigate odour and air pollution impacts  Create an aesthetic environment  Enhance the bio-diversity of the vicinity  Prevent soil erosion and surface run-off While planning and designing greenbelt, its various functions will be considered and they are-  Spatial-visual separation of larger parts of the premises  Entrance and roadside greenery helps in separating the main industrial structures  Provision of greenery along all interior pedestrian network Selection of plant species will be based on the following characteristics Fast growing  Thick canopy cover  Perennial and evergreen  Large leaf area  Preferably Indigenous  Resistant to pollutants and should maintain ecological balance for soil and geo hydrological conditions of the region. Approximately more than 1000 tree will be planted. For green belt development plant species will be selected according to CPCB guidelines and pollutant tolerance capacity of specific tree. Large trees will be planted along the boundary of the project and planted in the initial phase of construction. Shrub and medium growing trees will be planted along the road side. Plantation inside the project boundary will be done after completion of inside construction. Tree plantation specification for location and numbers are given in Table below List of recommended tree species for greenbelt development is given in Table

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Figure 9.3 : Green Belt Development Plan/Layout

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Table 9.5: Tree plantation specifications Sr. Location Type Tree Trees No density interspacing 1. Boundaries of small Shrubs, small and medium trees 20 4 x 4 m units, landscape area 2. Boundaries of units medium to large size trees 7-10 5 x 5 m 3. Road sides Large size trees 5-6 20-25 m

Table 9.6: List of tree species recommended for greenbelt development Sr. No. Botanical Name Local name Type Significance 1. Acacia nilotica sub species Babul T Dust tolerant indica and tomentosa 2. Anthocephalus kadamba Kadamba T Dust tolerant Fly ash tolerant, tolerant of alkaline and 3. Azadiracta indica Neem T saline soil, common in the area, reduce noise Pollution. 4. Bauhinia purpurea Kanchan T Dust tolerant 5. Bauhinia variegata - T Dust tolerant 6. Casurina equisetifolia Suru T Tolerant of sandy soil 7. Emblica officinalis Avala T - 8. Erythrina indica Indian T Tolerant of CO2 Coral Tree 9. Eucalyptus species Nilgiri T Tolerant of sandy soil, SO2 10. Ficus glomerata Cluster fig tree T Tolerant of CO2 11. Ficus religiosa Peeple T Tolerant of CO2 12. Ficus benjamina Weeping - fig 13. Tamarindus indica Tamarind T Tolerant of alkaline/Saline soil 14. Michelia champaca Champak T Ornamental 15. Polyalthia longifolia Ashoka T Suspended Pollutant controlling Plant/Other Ornamental plant 16. Millingtonia hortensis Indian cork T Ornamental plant 17. Diospyros melanoxylon Tendu T - 18. Aegle marmelos Bel tree T - 19. Butea monosperma Palash T Help to Reduce Noise Pollution

Table 9.7: Flowering and foliage shrubs recommended for greenbelt Sr. No Flowering plant (Shrubs) 1 Hibiscus spp. 2 Ceasalpinia spp. 3 Ixora Spp.

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4 Tabernaemontana divaricata (Tagar) 5 Calliandra haematocephala (Powder puff) 6 Nerium oleander (Nerium) 7 Allamanda cathartica (Alamanda) 8 Plumbago zeylanica (Plumbago) 9 Hemalia petans 10 Vinca rosea 11 Cestrum nocturnum (Night Jasmin) 12 Canna indica 13 Chrysanthemum indicum 14 Duranta species 15 Euphorbia pulcherima

Year wise plantation planning

The plantation programs have to be implemented in phase wise manners in three tires around the Plant. To ensure the effective plantation, a four year plantation programs with number of tree/ shrubs species has been proposed and described below:

Description End of 2019 End of 2020 End of 2021 End of 2022 Number of 150 trees 400 (Tree-250) 350 (Tree-100) 250 (Tree-100) plants (Shrubs-150) (Shrubs-250) (Shrubs-150) Plantation First Tire- Second tire- Third tire- Second priority Around the Around the Inner layer of Tire- project project project Around the boundary of boundary of boundary, units the site the site Along the road side Plantation of Grass belt will be developed gradually after completion of construction grasses work.

Total 1150 plant species (Tree- 600 Nos.& Shrubs- 550 Nos.)will be planted in entire four year plantation program. Required nutrients/ water/ manure and protection mess shall be provided. Water requirement for the proposed greenbelt will be met from rainwater harvesting tank.

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9.4.6 Odor Management Plan

Anticipated odor generation sources will be skins of grain, Fermentation unit, Septic tank, Yeast storage & ETP sludge.

Following controlling measures will be implemented to avoid the odour problem:  All the aspects of odour control will be adopted in designing phase.  To prevent odour problems, skin of crop will be removed quickly to sell.  Fermentation unit will not cause any odour problem since it will be carried out in closed system.  ETP and Yeast sludge will be used as manure in greenbelt.  Proper operating condition will be maintained.  Proper housekeeping will be maintained.  Greenbelt will be developed in and around the plant premises. 9.4.7 Management of traffic  The site has good connected toNH-1.  There will be enough space for movements of vehicles and parking.  The traffic management on the project site will be easily and smoothly monitored without any hindrance to the regular flow of traffic on the main road.  Flow of traffic is eased out by providing adequate entries and parking areas. 9.4.8 Rain Water Harvesting Objectives of rain water harvesting systems are,  To arrest ground water decline and augment ground water table.  To beneficiate water quality in aquifers.  To conserve surface water runoff during monsoon.  To reduce soil erosion

Rain water harvesting is an important activity to conserve the rainwater for reuse and thus reducing the overall raw water consumption for the plant requirements. Rain water harvesting aids in meeting the non-potable purposes of water usage in the plant like,  Water for gardening purposes  Water for sprinklers that are used for dust suppression.

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9.4.9 Storm water collection and discharge system

Storm Water Drainage System: Each section of 2G Ethanol Plant has storm water collection pit with pumping system. All such pits in the plant are connected through storm water collection & drainage network. During monsoon, storm water for first 10-15 min will be transfer to Effluent Treatment Plant and then it will be diverted to final storm water collection pit through storm water collection network. The collected storm water is safely discharged into nearby channel Water harvesting potential- Typical water harvesting system is given below -

Figure 9.4: Rainwater harvesting system

9.4.10 Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) For the proposed project, action plan for the implementation of OHSA Standards as per OSHAS/USEPA is as shown below:  Display of Occupational Health & Safety Policy;

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 To comply with statutory legal compliance related to the OHC dept.;  Develop Onsite and Offsite emergency plan as Emergency Procedures to respond to Potential Emergencies;  Schedule Regular Emergency Evacuation Drills by active participation and evaluation as and when drill planned by safety department;  Six monthly periodic medical examinations of all workers working with the hazardous process;  Reporting of all incidence and accidents by Accident & Incidence Reporting System;  Investigation of all incidence and accidents by Investigation Report System;  MSDS of all chemicals of company;  Review of first aid facility;  Preparing first aider & its information at work place;  Identifying training needs of all the departments;  Awareness of Occupational Hazards & General health promotional in workers by conducting lectures for occupational health hazards in annual planner at training centre;  Up-keep of ambulance & OHC by maintaining records Health In order to provide safe working environment and safeguard occupational health and hygiene, the following measures will be undertaken:  Periodic compulsory medical examination for all the plant employees as per  OSHA requirement and specific medical examination.  All the employees shall be trained in Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) aspects related to their job.  Exposure of workers to noise, particularly in areas housing equipment which produce 85 dB(A) or more will be monitored by noise decimetres. Audiometric tests are also done at periodic intervals for all the plant employees.

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Regular (6 monthly) periodic medical checkup of contract and subcontract workers working at hazardous processes is done as per clause 68 T of Factory’s Act.

9.4.11 Socio economic development

Major CSR activities during FY 2015-16:  Sanitation: construction of toilets in govt. Schools  Environmental sustainability : installation of solar panels in govt. Schools  Expansion of education : providing furniture in all govt. Schools of nearby villages  Healthcare : organizing medical camps in neighbouring villages  Youth employment : skill development programmes in nearby villages  Science &innovation: setting up of library and science labs in govt. Schools of neighbouring villages

To promote environmental sustainability, Installation of Solar panels at 4 Govt. schools of Kachrauli, Sithana, Khora kheri and Barauli.

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Figure 9.5: Medical Camps organized for benefit of people in neighboring villages

Figure 9.6: IOCL Provided Furniture in Govt. Schools of nearby villages

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Figure 9.7: IOCL helped Setting up of Maths& Science Labs at Govt. schools

9.4.12 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT CELL (EMC) It is an integrated cells to co-ordinate the project activities which are concerned with implementation of environment control measures and management. Main aim of EMC is effective implementation of environment management system. The EMC will monitor the general and preventive maintenance of pollution control system/ equipment undertaken by the maintenance department to achieve optimum efficiency of the control equipment’s and to maintain the quality environment.

Figure 9.8: Hierarchical of EMC Responsibilities of Environmental Management Cell

The EMC has the responsibility to supervise or undertake the monitoring of various environmental parameters by periodical monitoring and analysis of effluent, air, water and noise quality to abate the pollution and also to ensure that whatever control or preventive measures are implemented are working as per the requirement.  Greenbelt maintenance: Monitoring the growth of the greenbelt in and around the plant so that required measures can be recommended in time.  Environmental monitoring: EMC will ensure that pollution is well below the prescribed limits or there is no much difference between the present concentrations and baseline data. If wide difference is observed then to initiate required corrective action either by optimizing the treatment process or by providing equipment or improving the performance of existing pollution controls equipment will be undertaken. In case the monitored results of environment pollution indicate parameters exceeding the prescribed limits, remedial actions will be taken through the concerned plant people. The actual operation and

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maintenance of pollution control equipment’s will be the responsibility of respective department head or a plant in charge.  Legal and statutory compliance: EMC will also be responsible to look after preparation of environment statement report, carrying out environment audit, preparation of Water Cess return and consent application etc. under various Acts and Rules applicable as mentioned below:  The provision of, the water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,1974,  The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,1981  Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Trans-boundary Movement) Rules, 2010  The Environment Protection Act,1986.  Documentation: The cell will also be responsible for maintaining the records of data, documents and information in line with the legislative requirement and will regularly furnish the same to the concern statutory authorities. POST CLEARANCE MONITORINGPROTOCOL

After grant of environmental clearance by the EAC(IND2), MoEF&CC, the half yearly compliance reports will be submitted in hard and soft copies to the concerned regional MoEFCC office on 1st June and 1st December of each calendar year with respect to EC conditions. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT COST

Estimated cost of EMP is Rs. 3507 Lakhs Table 9.8: EMP BUDGET Table 9.8 : Capital & Operating expenditures for environment protection measures i.e EMP

Sr. No Description Capital Cost Recurring Cost (Rs. in lakhs) (Rs. in lakhs) 1. Air Pollution Control 525 25 2. Water Pollution Control ETP (PCTP , OSBL ETP) 2703 135 3. Solid waste Management 150 7 4. Environmental Monitoring & Management - 6 5. Noise pollution control –Acoustic Enclosure for DG Set 9 1 6. Rainwater Harvesting 75 7.5 7. Occupational Health 10 2 8. Greenbelt development 35 3.5 Total 3507 187

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Major potential environmental impacts from proposed project will be from solid waste generation, wastewater generation, ground water exploitation and flue gaseous emissions. However an effective environment management plan reduces level of significant impact on the environment. IOCL will implement effective occupational health and safety measures. Hence, proposed project will be environment friendly and safe.

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CHAPTER 10 Summary and conclusion Project Title: Environmental clearance for lingo-cellulosic 2G ethanol plant Schedule: Distillery , (Category A). IOCL Panipat proposes to install new 100 KLPD cellulosic non-food biomass (Agri waste) based second generation advanced technology. The proposal was submitted on 20/02/2018 on MoEF web portal. The project obtained Standard terms of reference (ToR).  Project Location: Grampanchayat Baholi, Panipat refinery road, Panipat -132140 ,Haryana (Latitude: 29°27'46.42"N, Longitude: 76°52'29.52"E) The proposed 100 KLPD capacity Plant will utilise agricultural crop residues (stubbles, straw, plants) and other Lignocellulosic feed stocks to produce Absolute Alcohol.

Process involved at the plant: Biomass storage, Material handling, Milling ,conveying and wet washing, Pre-treatment , Enzymatic hydrolysis, Co-fermentation, Distillation, Dehydration, solid liquid separation, Evaporation, process condensate treatment plant.  Total Area: 34.66 Acres  Power Requirement: 13000 KWH  Water Requirement - The plant will require 3000 KLD water in operation phase. It will be drawn through nearby Yamuna river canals.  Man Power Construction Phase - 22 months varied from 25 to 1325  Manpower for Operation Phase 35 per shift  Solid waste: The solid waste generated from the plant will be insignificant.  The baseline study & environmental monitoring was done from 1st December 2016 to 28 February 2017. The environmental baseline was done for Air Quality, Surface and Ground Water Quality, Soil characteristic, Flora and Fauna, Socio- Economic condition of the nearby population data of study area in Panipat, Haryana region. No Ecological sensitive, Archaeological Monuments, Wild Life Sanctuary, National Park, Critically polluted areas were found in 5 KM radial distance around the plant.  IOCL already has developed robust safety management plan. All offsite and onsite plans are reviewed regularly. Mock Fire drill test are conducted periodically.  In light of the Corporate Social Responsibility program under CSR initiative scheme of the Corporation, Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) in the project area will be undertaken as per Government of India guidelines.

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 Occupational Health Measures: Regular Health check-up of labours will be provided week for periodic health monitoring. Periodical assessment of the status of health of the employees, environment, drinking water, canteen hygiene and other welfare facilities will be checked. Cleanliness of toilets, washing/bathing facilities and extermination of rodents, pests, flies etc is ensured.  Post Project Monitoring Plan: IOCL will monitor the Air, Meteorological, Noise, Water, periodically through an approved laboratory as per SPCB guidelines.  Project cost: 700 – 748 Crores INR.

This technology gives India a formidable tool to reduce its GHG emissions and ful fill its responsibility towards the environment. As mention earlier the CII & AT Kearney joint report shows that, By 2020,

The CO2 reduction of 3-4 % (over those that existed in 2000) creating an abatement of 10 million to

12 million tons of CO2 equivalent is possible. The new blended fuels will help in maintaining cleaner environment due to reduction in emissions

Conclusion Major potential environmental impacts from proposed project will be from solid waste generation, wastewater generation, ground water exploitation and flue gaseous emissions. However an effective environment management plan reduces level of significant impact on the environment. IOCL will implement effective occupational health and safety measures. Hence, proposed project will be environment friendly and safe.

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CHAPTER 11 Disclosure of Consultants

The consultant engaged and the brief description of the key personnel is furnished below.

ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited

ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited an ISO 9001, ISO 14001 & OHSAS 18001 Certified Company & leading Environmental Engineering & Consultancy Company. We are the first firm to be accredited by NABET (National Accreditation Board for Education and Training), Quality Council of India, as an EIA Consultant. We are equipped with in-house, spacious laboratory, accredited by NABL (National Accreditation Board for Testing & Calibration Laboratories), Department of Science & Technology, Government of India.

Since establishment our focus is on sustainable development of Industry and Environment based on sound engineering practices, innovation, quality, R&D and most important is satisfying customers need. The company has successfully completed more than 100’s projects of variety of industries, in the field of pollution control. We are also dealing in the projects of waste minimization and cleaner production technology. Our team of technocrats and scientists are well experienced to deal with the Designing, Manufacturing, Fabrication, Installation and Commissioning of Effluent/Wastewater Treatment Plants, Sewage Treatment Plants, Combined Treatment Plants.

We are having a well experienced team of Scientists & Engineers who are looking after our well- equipped analytical laboratory with a facility including analysis of physical, chemical and biological parameters as per the requirements of the State Pollution Control Board and our clients.

11.1 Services of ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited

11.1.1 ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES

 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)  Environmental Management Plan (EMP)  Social Impact Assessment (SIA)  Environmental Baseline data collection for Air, Meteorology, Noise, Water, Soil, Ecology, Socio Economic and Demography etc;  Environmental Monitoring  Socio Economic Studies  Resettlement & Rehabilitation Plan  Ecological & Human Health Risk Assessment Studies  Ecological Impact Assessment  Environmental Management Framework  Solid Waste Management  Hazardous Waste Management  Internship & Training

11.1.2 TURNKEY PROJECTS

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 Water Treatment Plants  Sewage Treatment Plant  Recycling & Water Conservation Systems  Zero Discharge System  Other Services  Operation & Maintenance of Water & Waste Water Plants  Water & Waste Water Treatment Chemicals  Pilot Plant studies  Feasibility studies & preparation of budgetary estimates

11.1.3 LABORATORY DIVISION

 Chemical Testing  Environmental Testing  Microbiological Testing  Food Testing  METALLURGICAL TESTING  Mechanical Testing  Chemical Testing  Corrosion Testing

11.2 Sectors Accredited By National Accreditation Board For Education And Training (NABET) & Certificate for the same is attached on the page no. 145

1. Mining of Minerals (Opencast only)

2. Thermal Power Plants

3. Mineral Beneficiation including Pelletisation

4. Metallurgical Industries ( Ferrous& Non Ferrous)

5. Petroleum refining industry

6. Chlor-alkali Industry

7. Leather/skin/hide processing industry

8. Chemical Fertilizers

9. Textile – cotton and manmade fibres

10. Synthetic Organic Chemical Industries

11. Distilleries

12. Sugar Industry

13. Isolated storage & handling of hazardous chemicals

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14. Airports

15. Industrial Estates/ Parks/Complexes/Special Economic Zones

16. Highways/Railways/Transport terminals/Mass rapid transport system

17. Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs)

18. Common Municipal Solid Waste Management facility (CMSWMF)

19. Building & Construction Projects,

20. Townships & Area Development Projects

11.3 Study Team

ABC Techno Lab India Private Limited has been carried out this Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study. The multidisciplinary team included expertise in Environmental Impact Assessment, Air & Water pollution & Control measures, Noise Control measures, Ecology & bio-diversity, Land use, Geology, Environmental Chemistry and Socio-Economic planner and team members were

Name Role Mr. Abhik Saha EIA Coordinator ,FAE – Water Pollution

Dr. Chaitanya Sathe FAE – Water Pollution Dr. R.K. Jayaseelan Functional area Expert – Land Use, Water pollution, Hydrogeology Dr. N. Sukumaran Functional Area Expert – Ecology & Biodiversity Dr.Thillai Govindarajan Functional Area Expert – Hydrogeology and Geology

Mr. M. Senthil Kumar Functional Area Expert – Risk Assessment & Hazard management

Mr. V.K Gautam Functional area Expert – Meteorology, Air Quality Modelling& Prediction Mr. R. Rajendran Functional area Expert – Air Pollution, Prevention and Control of Pollution and Noise Mr. SushilMeshram Functional Area Expert – Socio-Economic Mr. Sameer Zope Team member – Preparation, documentation of reports and Report Analysis Ms.DakshataKumbhar Team member – Preparation, documentation of reports and Report Analysis Ms.Asawari Dotihal Team member – Preparation, documentation of reports and Report Analysis Mr. SatyawanUpale Field Technician Mr. SakharamNare Field Technician

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ANNEXTURE I

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