NHPRC RECOMMENDS 62 GRANTS TOTALING UP TO $3,306,323

THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS AND RECORDS COMMISSION The Commission passed the following additional resolutions at its recommended that the Archivist of the make grants meeting: totaling $3,306,323 for 62 projects at its meeting on May 14 and 15, Resolved, that the NHPRC at its May 2002 meeting maintain a 50-50 held in the U.S. Senate Rules Committee Hearing Room of the Russell split of Fiscal Year 2002 appropriated funds between records and pub- Senate Office Building, lications projects.AIll funds returned to the Commission (by completed In convening the meeting on May 14, NHPRC Chairman John W projects) during FiscalYear 2002 shall be used to reduce an across-the- Carlin thanked Senator Christopher Dodd, the U.S. Senate's repre- board cut of funding of ongoing publications projects to approximate- sentative to the NHPRC, for arranging for the meeting to be held in ly 12.5 percent. All funds returned after the Commission meeting and the Rules Committee Hearing Room and also for making it possible before the end of the fiscal year shall be provided to specific publica- for a reception and dinner to be held that evening to honor NHPRC tions projects that are deemed closest to completion and that would Distinguished Servn ice Awardec Dr John Brademas in the U.S. Capitol. benefit from additional funds. The Chairman expressed his appreciation for the long and distin- Resolved, that the NHPRC authorizes the Commission staff to work guished service given to the Commission by Marvin E "Bud" Moss, with the Association for Documentary Editing or another applicant to this being his last Commission meeting. He announced that he was prepare a proposal for a working meeting or meetings to assess the cur- appointing Dr Mary Maples Dunn to the place on the Commission's rent state of documentary editing in the electronic environment, and to Executive Committee vacated by Mr Moss. Mr. Carlin also expressed provide the Commission and its staff with valuable information that can his appreciation for the service of Ann Clifford Newhall as the be used to improve the effectiveness of its publications program and to Commission's Executive Director; Ms. Newball has announced her inform the revision of the Commission's strategic plan. resignation from that position, effective in June. The Commission Resoltved, that the NHPRC instructs the Commission staff to employ passed resolutions thanking both Mr. Moss and Ms. Newhall for their the most recent OMB standard budget forms in the application process service. and to elicit through its normal procedures as .(c,ntIlmu'(l,m pag.e /0J The Commission also approved the release of third-year ftunding The VNHPRCs Mal' meeting tias held in the llS. Senate Rules Comntittee for the Center for Jewish History, , NY; endorsed one doctiu- Hearizng Room of the Russell Senate Office Building.Shou'n (left to righbt) are mentary publication proposal it was unable to futnd; and established outtgoing Executive Committee chairMartin E "Bud"Moss, Ccharles T Cullel, Christopher Dodd, John W Carlin, Ann C Neuwhall priorities for funding eight additional records access projects should Nicholas C Burckel, incoming Executi,e Committee chair Mlargaret P Grafeld, and Brent D. fuinds become available. Glass. Photograph 1DvRoscoe George, NARA

THE MIDWEST Annotation is the quarterly newsletter of the National The June 2002 issue of Annotation focuses on projects the NHPRC has funded in the Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC), Midwest. Our featured articles are a Federal agency within the National Archives and Records Administration in Washington, DC. Recipients are en- "John Tanner's Narrative and the Anishinaabeg in a Time of Change," by John T. Ficrst couraged to republish, with appropriate credit, any materi- Midwest," als appearing in Annotation. Inquiries about receiving "Securing Our Legacy: Understanding Japanese American Resettlement in the Annotation, submitting material for it, or anything else by Deborah Mieko Burns and Karen Kanemoto related to it may be directed to the Editor, Annotation, "Agriculture and Rural Life: Documenting Change in Minnesota and North Dakota," NHPRC, National Archives and Records Administration, by James E. Fogerty 700 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Room 111, Washington, DC 20408-0001; 202-501-5610 (voice); 202-501-5601 (fax); The Bruce Goff Archive in the Department of Architecture, The Art Institute of [email protected] (e-mail); www.nara.gov/nara/nhprc/ Chicago," by Annemarie van Roessel, in collaboration with Christa Aube (World Wide Web). 'Preserving Missoutri's Past:The Missouri Historical Records Grant Program," by Kevin Material accepted for publication will be edited to con- W Edwards form to style and space limitations of Annotation, but authors will be consulted should substantive questions "Jane Addams and the Jane Addams Papers Project," by Mary Lynn Bryan arise. The editor is final arbiter in matters regarding length and grammar. Published material does not necessarily rep- resent the views of the Commission or of the National Archives and Records Administration; indeed, some mate- D rial may challenge policies and practices of those institu- tions. TIE C01MISSI()N'S MEETING'S IFOLLO 1111ilFISCAL YEARI 01 1OC)111BERI TO SEPTENiMELR30. NHPRC MEMBERS - John W. Carlin, Archivist of the (CONSEQUI,\ENr', 1111 IIRST IFFT'ING ()F THE FISCAL YEAR I, rN NO\TFNBEREANI) T11F "SFCONI) IS IN NMAY. United States, Chairperson; Roy D. Blunt, representing the June 1 (for the November meeting) U.S. House of Representatives; Nicholas C. Burckel and Proposals adldressing the follo\ring top priorities: Marvin F "Bud" Moss, representing the President of *The NHPRC will provide the American public wsith wsidespread access to the the United States; Charles T. Cullen, representing the papers of the foiundlers of our democratic republic andcl its institutions by Association for Documentary Editing; Mary Maples Dunn, ensuring the timnely completion of eight projects now in progress to publish the papers of George W'ashington, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Ilhomnas representing the American Historical Association; Fynnette Jefferson, lamnes NMadclison, and papers that dclocument the Ratification of the Eaton, representing the Society of American Archivists; ConstituLtion, the First Federal Congress. and the early SuIpreme Court *The NHPRC \sill promote broad public participation in historical docuLimenta Barbara J. Fields, representing the Organization of tion by collaborating wsith State Historical Records Advisory Boards to plan American Historians; Brent D. Glass, representing the and carry ouLt jointly fuinded programs to strengthen the nation's archival in- frastructure and expand the range of records that are protected and accessible American Association for State and Local History; Alfred *The NHPRC. swill enable thie nation's archisists. records managers, and docu- Goldberg, representing the Department of Defense; mentary editors to overcome the obstacles and take adxantage of the opportunities posed bV electronic technologies by continuing to prov ide Margaret P Grafeld, representing the Department of State; leadership in funding research and development on appraising, preserving. DavidH. Souter, representing the U.S. Supreme Court; dissetNinaiting and pro idcling access to important documLenta.ry sources in Winston Tabb. representing the Librarian of Congress; and electronic form Roy C. Turnbaugh, representing the National Association of OCTOBER 1 (for the May meeting) Government Archives and Records Administrators. PIroposals not addressing the abos e priorities. but focusing on an actis itv authlor- ized in the NHPIRC statute as follows: NHPRC STAFF - Ann C. Newhall, Executive Director; -collecting, describing, presersing, compiling, and publishing (including micro- filming and other formins of reprodIuction) of docunmentary sources significant Roger A. Bruns, Deputy Executive Director; Richard A. to the history of the L nited States Cameron, Director for State Programs; Timothy D.W. *conducting instituites, training and educational courses, and fello)wships related to the activities of the Commission Connelly, Director for Publications; Mark Conrad, * disseminating infiErmation about documentary sources thro ugh guides, directories, Director for Technology Initiatives; Nancy Taylor Copp, and other tecihnical publications *or more specifically, dcocumentary editing ind pLiblishing; arclis.val preservation Management and Program Analyst; Mary A. Giunta, and processing of records foir access; developing or updating dlescriptise sys Director for Communications and Outreach; J. Dane terms; creati)n ancl development of archival and records management progr.ams; dexelopment of stanclards, tools, and techniclues to adva.nce the ssork of and Editor, Annotation; Michael Hartgrove, Historian archivists, records managers and documentary editors: and promotion of the T. Meier, Program Officer; Laurette O'Connor, Grant use of records by teachers, students, and the public

Program Assistant; Daniel A. Stokes, Program Officer. APPLICATION GUIDELINES AND FORMS MAY BE REQUESTED FROM NHPRC, NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION, 700 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE NW, ROOM 111, WASHINGTON, DC 20408-0001, 202-501-5610 (VOICE), 202-501-5601 (FAX), ISSN 0160-8460 [email protected] (E-MAIL), OR BY ACCESSILNGOUR WEB SITE AT wwuw.nara.gov/ nara/nhprc/

Annroronn V- 302 June 2002 * er nearly 4 years as Executive Director of the NHPRC, I have editors to complete their work. One solution for tackling important, tendered my resignation to return to my home in Connecticut and to but large, projects appears to be the approach conceived for the people and work that I have sorely missed. My tenure here has been, Eleanor Roosevelt project (which, in turn, was inspired by the solu- in the long view of history, a short one. But it's been an eventful and, tion adopted by The Papers of Thomas Jefferson): multiple sites, on the whole, positive time for the Commission. working concurrently on different periods in the individual's life. I know that I'm leaving the NHPRC in good hands.The staff is the The Commission's partnership with the states is as strong as finest I have ever administered, as those who have had any contact ever-and never more important, as so many states struggle with with the Commission can attest.The Commission itself is as excellent budget shortfalls.The system of State Historical Records Advisory and strong and engaged as it has ever been. It is my opinion that Boards, citizen boards appointed by the Governors, form the frame- selection for membership on the NHPRC is the closest thing to work for a national archival infrastructure. The SHRABs, as they are knighthood we have in this country.Think about it: the best of the known, review all NHPRC grant proposals originating within their best in the judicial and legislative branches, the best of the best that states and are a conduit for the NHPRC to provide Federal funds to the President can appoint, and the best of the best in the historical, match state money in order to preserve and make available materials archival, documentary editing, state and local history, and govern- documenting state and local history. ment records administration professions come together twice each The Commission was the first to take steps to address the archival year with great seriousness to assist in the noblest enterprise-the implications of the revolution in information technology. It continues preservation of and increased public access to this nation's history. to lead the way in ftmunding basic research, program development, the Not by constructing monuments or restoring historic buildings, establishment of international standards, and a special initiative to although these are valuable endeavors as well, and carry the promise broaden the base of archival expertise in the area of electronic of tourism, the NHPRC's work goes to the very heart of history, records. If the non-Federal records and documents being created particularly of American history-the documentary heart. Ours is a today by individuals and state and local governments survive for nation of laws, with a government whose power is ceded to it by our scrutiny by the historians of future generations, it will be due in great great Constitution, and all those laws take effect only when they are part to the efforts of and the funding provided by the NHPRC. properly signed and executed. Our construction of history is based The Commission recognizes that the day-to-day problems of those upon the examination of primary sources-the letters, photographs, who are responsible for protecting and making available the nation's audio- or videotape, e-mail, databases, electronic records, etc., created non-Federal records have not gone away. Indeed, they have increased at or near the time of an event or transaction, and often constituting dramatically. Processing and cataloging backlogs, the number of doc- the action or transaction itself. uments and photographs needing active steps to halt their deteriora- The NHPRC stands alone as the only grant-making agency in the tion, the instances of repositories lacking realistic, up-to-date plans for nation-public or private-whose focus is the preservation of and responding to threats of fire, flood, the elements-and now terror- increased access to non-Federal sources that document American his- ism-are reaching critical proportions.The Commission is one of the tory. And the NHPRC is doing an excellent job. The Commission's few funding institutions to which archives and historical societies grant programs are the most vibrant, successful, and important they can turn for grants in these areas. In recent years, the Commission have ever been, daily reaping rewards for the nation that will long also has worked to draw attention to the urgent need to identify, pre- endure. serve, and make accessible the records of underdocumented groups The Commnission remains dedicated to the value and importance in our society (i.e., those that, because of race, ethnic background, of supporting the publication of historical documentary editions of gender, or other factors have been largely ignored by the historical the papers of significant people and events in American history. establishment). Insufficient appropriations have forced the Commission to decline- Appropriations shortfalls have taken a great toll on the with great regret-to fund some frne new documentary editing proj- Commission's ability to adequately fund all these programs. Still, ects at the last several meetings. But the Commission's decision in many of the history textbooks and the biographies written in recent 2000 to help launch a major new edition-Eleanor Roosevelt and years (including several that made the bestseller lists!) would have Human Rights-is a bright beacon of hope, for two reasons. First, this been much more difficult-if not impossible-for the writers to pro- decision clearly signaled the Commission's ongoing commitment duce had it not been for the efforts of our valiant and dedicated both to the value and importance of making widely available to the grantees, and the funding that they could rely upon the NHPRC to American public the words and ideals of great American men and provide.The events on and since September 11, 2001, the resulting women, and to the fact that American history is ongoing. Second, it surge in patriotic fervor, and the renewed reverence for this nation's signaled the Commission's support for innovative and realistic ways history have further underscored the importance of the work per- to continue work that is, by nature, meticulous and time-consuming. formed so well by the NHPRC. The NHPRC no longer has the wherewithal to pledge support for It has been an honor to serve as its Executive Director. Xl new projects that will take multiple decades and generations of

Annototion Vol 30.2 June 2002 3 John Tanner's Narrative and the Anishinaabeg in a Time of Change

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River boundary, and they conducted raids Michigan for the country west of Lake in Kentucky and along the Ohio River to Superior.The narrative does not make clear discourage white encroachment.The focus all the reasons behind Netnokwa's western of their campaign was to keep American journey, only that she had a close association settlement south of the river. with the Montreal-based Northwest Company Between 1784 and 1789, the United States and that she planned to return to L'Arbre constructed a string of forts along the Ohio Croche with a harvest of furs. The strength River boundary, north of the river. Besides of the Northwest Company was due in large these posts, settlers built numerous stock- part to its close ties, ethnic ties, to Native aded forts or stations in the Ohio Valley. To Americans in the interior. Indian observers, more ominous than the By the time of Netnokwa's departure, the presence of the military north of the Ohio Indian Wars in Ohio were having a serious John Tanner's narrative of the 30 years he were the permanent settlements also being effect on the Great Lakes fur trade. Warfare lived with the Anishinaabcg-the Ojibwe established north of the river. Tanner's had brought trade in the Ohio country to a and the Odawa (or Ottawa) of the Great father's station, while it was not north of halt, and the prospect of permanent settle- Lakes region-was recorded in the summer the Ohio, was in an advanced position on the ment threatened an end to the trade as it had of 1827 on Mackinac Island, where Tanner river, just below present-day Cincinnati. existed in the southern Great Lakes region. was working as an Indian interpreter Tanner Tanner's capture was one small incident These considerations were causing traders related the account to Edwin James, the of war. The year he was taken from his to look for new fields beyond Lake Superior, UJ.S. Army medical officer stationed that father's station is given in the narrative as and were encouraging many Anishinaabeg, summer at Fort Mackinac. 1789, but the correct date, according to the like Netnokwa, to journey westward as well. In the period in which the narrative deposition of John Garnett taken 2 weeks Netnokwa's group reached the Forks of the unfolds, 1790-1824. great changes occurred after the event, was either April 30 or May Red River (Winnipeg) in the fall of 1795. in the Ohio Valley-Great Lakes region. Large- 1, 1790, when young Tanner was 9 years old. The narrative documents in great detail scale shifts in population took place, as That date accurately locates the narrative in the adaptability of this small band of Odawa Americans by the thousands entered the place and time.A month after Tanner's cap- in the west. The chapters in the narrative country and displaced its original inhabi- ture, Secretary of War Henry Knox instruct- that describe their journey westward and tants. Tanner's narrative indirectly reflects ed Josiah Harmar, commander of the troops their earl)' years in what is now western these changes, but from the point of view on the Ohio River, to strike and "extirpate" Ontario and southern Manitoba are rich in of those forced to give way to the advanc- the Indian confederacy in Ohio. examples of Odawa practices and are some ing flood of newcomers. Harmar failed to accomplish this. In the of the most interesting parts of the narra- At the end of the American Revolution, fall of that year, his army was surprised and tive. It is claimed that the Odawa who trav- Great Britain ceded to the United States the defeated by the Indian confederacy, with a eled westward adopted a lifestyle more like region lying south of the Great Lakes and loss to the United States of nearly 200 sol- the hunting/gathering style of their Ojibwe west of the Appalachian Mountains. In the diers. Tanner had by then been taken to neighbors. While this may be true, there is decade that followed, Americans eager to Michigan and was living with his captors evidence in the narrative that they retained acquire land, like Tanner's father, crossed on the Saginaw River. Eventually he was many of their agricultural practices, intro- the Appalachian Mountains and established traded to Netnokwa, an Odawa woman ducing corn to the region and continuing, themselves in the Ohio Valley. from L'Arbre Croche, a village on the north- as they had in Michigan, to supply this sta- The western Indians, who had fought ern tip of Michigan's southern peninsula. ple to the fur traders. alongside the British during the Revolution In the face of the invasion of the Ohio Tanner came of age in the world of the but had not signed the Treaty of Paris, still Valley-Great Lakes region, the Anishinaabeg Red River fur trade, and he developed lived and hunted there. They now wanted sought ways to defend themselves and pre- into a skillful hunter who was sought after the new tJnited States to honor an Ohio serve their way of life. Tanner's narrative by the traders, "one of the best animal reveals how a small band of Anishinaabeg, hunters in the cotuntry," according to John ABovE:Joln Tanner.Engrail'g used asfroJtispiece the family of Nctnokwa, Tanner's adoptive McLaughlin, the factor at Rainy Lake. The in A Narrative of the Captivity and Adventures of John Tanner (U.S. Interpreter at the Saut de Ste. mother, adjusted to change in this uncertain narrative is in part a history of the Red Marie) during Thirty' Years Residence among the time. In 1792,2 years before the defeat of the River fur trade in its most dynamic period, Indians in the Interior of North America, pub- lished in 1830 by G & C. & H. Carill.From the Indian confederacy at the Battle of Fallen and because of its unique point of view, it is author's collection. Timbers, Netnokwa and her family left central to the documentary evidence that

Va 302 J 02 44AnForor,o Annorarion Vo 302 Ju-)e2OO2 exists about the Great Lakes fur trade gen- Selkirk of the Hudson's Bay (ompany estab- Jackson signed the Indian Removal Bill. G. & erallv. lished his Red River colon)y there and dis- C. & H. Carvill printed the narrative under Tanner's memory was surprisingly full rupted the supply routes of the Northwest the title A Narratite of the Captityit and and accurate. Such robust memory seems Company, he touched off what came to be Adv,entures ofJohn Tanner (US. Interpreter incredible, although in this respect it is called the "Pemmican War," pemmican at thle Saut de Ste. MAlarie) during Thirty important to remember that the narrative being the pounded buffalo meat used to Years Residence among the Indians in tlhe had its origins in an oral culture.Tanner saw provision the trading posts and canoe Interior of North America.The manuscript the world as anAnishinaabe would see it. He brigades. In this conflict,Tanner sided with of the original narrative has never been shared the collective representations-the Selkirk and the Hudson's Bay Company, and recovered. Therefore, the first edition is ideas, values, images-of the Annishinaabeg. in one important instance acted as their considered the closest copy, and is the text The principles through which he internal- guide.The two companies eventually merged used by the John Tanner Project. There are ized experience were Anishinaabe. into the Hudson's Bay Company But the no Tanner papers per se; the project's doc- The Anishinaabeg who journeyed to the conflict and the establishment of the colony umentary research has been in support of west did not escape the disruptive changes marked the end of the fur trade as the the Tanner narrative. at work on the continent. By moving to the Anishinaabeg had known it. 'I'he lengthy title, which served to adver- west, the Anishinaabeg themselves brought Tanner made two journeys to the Ulnited tise the narrative, was a convention pub- pressure to bear on those already living States before returning there permanen tly lishers of captivity accounts had been there. Such pressure often took the form of in 1824. Netnokwa never returned.A refer- employing since the early 17th century. a competition for resources, but could also ence to her death can be found in the Rainy Besides the titling convention, other formal express itself in open conflict. In the fall of Lake journals of the Hudson's Bay Company. conventions characteristic of captivity nar- 1804, Tanner joined an Anishinaabe war Tanner made his first return journey in ratives of the same period-such as the in- party, a practice he would continue through 1818. On that journey, on his way through clusion of organized sections of ethnographic 1812. UtJsually these parties were organized Detroit, he met Lewis Cass, Governor of knowledge and the editorial claim to be to attack the Dakotas (or Sioux).The Ojibwes Michigan Territory. Cass, who later became rendering the account in a plain style-are in the west were putting great pressure on Andrew Jackson's Secretary of War, also identifiable in the Tanner narrative, provid- the Dakotas, and in this period fighting served as the Superintendent of IndianAffairs ing clues to both the intentions of its editor between these traditional enemies was, as in the territory, and more than anyone else and the expectations of its readers. Tanner's narrative makes clear, intense. in the Old Northwest was responsible for Tanner's story, however, never fit com- Echoes of the larger struggle between clearing lands of Indian title, a policy he fortably into the form its editor and pub- the Utlnited States and Great Britain can also advocated and pursued aggressively. lishers had framed for it.The title and form be heard in the narrative. Tanner states in Cass also had a humanitarian side to his have always belied the value of the book's the narrative that he was deterred from personality, and he befriended Tanner; yet contents and have contributed to the lack making a journey to Ulnited States in the there is some irony in his doing so, since he of scholarly attention the narrative has summer of 1807 because the frontiers of held Indians in such low esteem. He adver- received. Because of Tanner's experience, the United States 'were then the scenes of tised Tanner's return in the western papers the abundance of detail contained in his warlike operations."Tanner was correct. and sent Tanner forward to a council meet- narrative, and the unique point of view from T'ensions on the frontier had increased that ing being held on the St. Mary's River that which it is rendered, A Narrative of the summer.When the Leopard,a British warship. fall. (The St. Mary's River flows through Captivit, and Adventures of John Tltnner fired on the American frigate Chesapeake. northwestern Ohio, near the route along is a document of lasting importance to the and the two countries seemed on the brink which Tanner's captors had led him 28 years study of American culture.The editorial work of war,American officials feared that in the earlier.) A certain irony can also be discov- being done by the John Tanner Project, west the followers of Tecumseh and the ered in the council itself, where Tanner wit- which has received NHPRC grant support, Shawnee Prophet Tenskwatawa would side nessed the Indians in attendance, including will help to establish this by providing read- with the British and rise up against the many Anishinaabeg. cede to the United States ers of the narrative deeper access to the Utnited States. their last claims to land in what had now historical and cultural contents of this Tenskwatawa called for Indians to cast become the State of Ohio. extraordinary work. 'a off all white influences. His message of spir- American historians have celebrated the itual renewal and resistance was in response growth of the United States and have taken to the continuing cultural strife that expan- pride in the westward expansion of the

sionism imposed on the Indian nations.The republic. Until recently, however, less atten- J()H\ T. FIliSI I HE I)FI()R () .-1 \ N 171l'I 0Rl 1111

teachings of Tenskwatawa and other revital- tion has been given to the transformations C P4/7177) 4 \7) AII,E\77 RliX o- fi/()I\ TE\,\FR. ist leaders like him reached the Red River forced upon the Indian nations uprooted in country and, as the narrative shows, strong- that process.This is due in part to a lack of ly influenced Tanner and those around him. documentation reflecting an Indian point The effects of colonization, which could of view. John Tanner's narrative reflects an not be escaped, reached those in the west Anishinaabe perspective and is in this way directly when a permanent settlement was an unusual document. planted at the Forks of the Red River, the Skillfully recorded, it saw publication in heart of the fur trade country. When Lord 1830. the year Congress passed and President

Annorraion Vo 30 2 June 2002 SECURING OUR LEGACY UnderstandingJapanese American Resettlement in the Midwest

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Throughout the morning of September 11, that, within two generations, 75 percent of 2001, and the succeeding days, one group the area's Japanese American children will 2 of Americans watched the unfolding events be of mixed race. with a sense of foreboding that was rooted In contrast, the Issei generation has virtu- in one of the darker episodes of 20th-cen- ally died out, and the Nisei are aging. tury U.S. history. Nearly 60 years prior to that Published information on the resettlement date, following the attack on Pearl Harbor experience is scarce, and direct testimony by Japanese warplanes, some 120,000 peo- from these former evacuees will someday ple (two thirds were U.S. citizens) who lived be unavailable.The misguided idea held by on the West Coast of the UtJnited States were the general public and its elected officials subjected to a prolonged, Government- that Japanese Americans actually benefited mandated loss of civil rights because of from the U.S. Government's punitive actions their Japanese ancestry. toward them during World War II could be Forced to abandon their homes and busi- perpetuated without history collected from nesses, and relocated inland to internment the Japanese American perspective. "Such a camps, these Issei (the first generation of wrong headed perception," states one scholar, Japanese in the United States, consisting of "is consonant with the consoling American immigrants born in Japan) and Nisei (the myth that our nation's most undemocratic second-generation, American-born children deeds and uncivil behavior inevitably result Private Hideo Jack Kon man, US. Arnq¢ at of the Issei) had to endure social ostracism in egalitarian progress." Rohuer Relocation Center near McGehee. and financial losses, as well as the harsh and Memories fade, and eyewitnesses slip away. Arkansas., March 1945. Many JapaneseAmeri- largely primitive living conditions in the This makes access to documents and artifacts can ment volunteeredfrom US. internment camps for service in the US Army during World camps. Families were turned upside down of the era all the more important.Through War ll ThesegregatedJapaneseAmerican 100th as Japanese-speaking fathers relinquished a major project currently in progress, the Infanltry Battalion., 442nd Regimental Combat Team, and Military Intelligence Service, dclemot- their positions of authority in the house- Japanese American Service Committee strated exceptional bravery and loyalty on both hold to their English-speaking children.Worse seeks to expand and develop its repository the European and the Pacificfronts. Photograph from the Konman-Alatsukaua Family Papers, yet, some fathers were removed from the of resources from the Japanese American Japanese American Servtice Commiittee Legacy family unit altogether and placed in separate community of Chicago, the surrounding Center, Chicago, Illinois, camps. counties, and other Midwestern states. In the months and years that followed, Japanese American Service Committee of these Japanese American evacuees faced THE CHICAGO RESETTLERS COMMITTEE AND Chicago (JASC), reflecting a change in continued challenges as they were allowed THE JAPANESE AMERICAN SERVICE COMMIITTrEE emphasis to social services and community to leave the camps, move eastward, and In 1946, during the period when evacuees programs.A fuirther change came in the late resettle in areas far from their original homes. started to leave the internment camps to 1 950s, when the JASC began providing During the resettlement years, roughly begin new lives, a small group of Japanese services to the aging and elderly Japanese 1942-50, nearly 30,000 Japanese Americans, Americans already living in Chicago, together Americans in the area. Among its offerings attracted by the availability of jobs, sought with the U.S.War RelocationAuthority, estab- were English-language classes, piecework to make new lives for themselves in Chicago. lished the Chicago Resettlers Committee employment, and health-care programs. In By 1960, about 15,000 people of Japanese (CRC). The CRC acted as a clearinghouse the 1970s, the JASC built a 200-unit resi- ancestry remained in the greater Chicago for jobs. housing, and other practical infor- dence for senior citizens, and in the 1980s, metropolitan area.' Today, the community mation, such as the names and locations of it established an adult day care center in its numbers over 18,000 individuals ofJapanese area doctors, lawyers, and churches. As a headquarters building.The JASC undertook ancestry throughout the Chicago area. gathering place for people with a common the building of a 180-bed skilled nursing facil- If the "success" of an ethnic group can be background who were new to the city, the ity during the 1990s. Both the apartment measured by the extent to which it is assim- CRC also served as a center for recreational building and the skilled nursing facility are ilated into the general population, the activities and for personal contact. These now independently owned and operated. Japanese American community of Chicago social and cultural functions persist in the The adult day care services remain under can be regarded as very successful. In light programming offered by the agency in its the aegis of the JASC today. of the number of Sansei (the third-generation, current form. At this time, the JASC is the only Japanese American-born children of the Nisei) who In 1954, as the resettlement years drew American social service agency and cultural marry outside of their race, it is predicted to a close, the CRC changed its name to the and community center in the Midwest. It

6 Annoranon Vol 30 2 June 2002 continues to focus on services for the eld- educate them about archival practices. It community in Chicago and the Midwest. erly, while designing cultural and educa- supports coordinating efforts by these key The development and expansion of this tional programs for a broader audience. It leaders to preserve and properly care for manuscript repository will serve as an also works in partnership with other ethnic their own resources so that they are acces- important example of documenting an eth- and cultural organizations in Chicago to bring sible. nic group from its own perspective, rather quality cultural and educational programs Among the Legacy Center's current than from that of an outside organization. to the area. archival holdings are the JASC's own The JASC's own records reflect more records, xvhich include documents from its than 50 years of operations within that THE JASC LEGACY CENTER original resettlement activities in the 1940s evolving community. starting at a point dur- 'I'he JASC's mission is to enhance the and 1950s. The Center also houses manu- ing which thousands of Japanese Americans quality of life of the Japanese American script collections donated by a number of were forced to recast their lives far from community by providing social services Japanese American Chicagoans. Spanning a the homes they lost. Making those records and cultural programming to Japanese period from the 1920s through the 1990s, available for reference and research will add Americans and other Chicagoans, and to these personal papers, photographs. and one more clarif' ing element to the story of increase understanding of the needs and artifacts collectively offer firsthand accounts Japanese American resettlement. Moreover, contributions of minorities within the larger chronicling everyday life experienced by it will be an important service for other eth- society. It promotes intergenerational edu- ordinary Japanese Americans before World nic groups, the social services community, cation, diversity, and cultural heritage through War II, during the evacuation and intern- students and academics, the media, and even its Legacy Center. ment, and through the resettlement years. state and Federal Government programs. As a library and archive that is open to They reflect the evolution of Chicago's By creating and sustaining access to the general public, the Legacy Center makes Japanese American community over the these tunique resources, the JASC hopes to available for reference and research archival decades and into the present. Finally, they bridge barriers and create common under- and educational resources of the JASC and trace the nationwide movement under standing not only among members of its the Japanese American community of the which Japanese Americans sought to obtain own community, but also among members Midwest. In this way, it seeks to preserve redress from the U.S. Government for grave of other ethnic, educational, and profes- and promote community heritage and com- injustices perpetrated during World War II. sional groups. It also hopes to ensure that mon tunderstanding of the Japanese Ameri- In light of the advanced age of a large all Americans can continue to learn from a can experience as an integral part of percentage of Japanese American commu- painfuil episode in our nation's recent history American history. nity members in the area, selection and Please contact the JASC Legacy Center, The Legacy Center library contains acquisition of new manuscript collections 44l27 N. Clark Street, Chicago, IL 60640: tele- approximately 2,000 titles on Japanese and constitute critical elements in the Legacy phone 773-275-0097, extension 22; or e-mail Japanese American history, culture, politics, Center's plan of action. In many cases, fail- [email protected] for copies of find- arts, and literature in a variety of formats, ure to collect materials at this time will ing aids, project updates, or additional infor- including books, periodicals, videotapes, result in their total loss later. mation. a and CD-ROMs. Ephemera such as posters, Under the grant project, the Legacy bulletins, and fliers from local Japanese Center intends to increase awareness of and American and otherAsian American organi- promote the use of its resources among the zations are also part of the collection. Of archival, ethnic, and educational communi- 1) I()RiAFI i\lIEK() 1BtiR\S IS A{ .i[F [i % . NI) K\tit N particular interest are a number of pub- ties. This will be accomplished through N L\N1(l J) { IS CioP E)iTii .1\I [HE I.\I'\x ,F AF\IFi .A_\N lished and unpublished articles, papers, the- web sites and other online services, profes- SE\ICE C(A)NMIFI EF. ses, and dissertations on Japanese American sional and community-based newsletters, history in Chicago and the United States. and networking within the community.

THE NHPRC PROJECT JAPANESE AMERICANS IN THE MIDWEST Through a grant from the National There is no "Little Tokyo" in Chicago or Historical Publications and Records Com- any other city in the Midwest. Whereas the No 'IES mission, the JASC Legacy Center is working Japanese American population in Los 'Masako Osako, 'Japanese Americans Melting to process, arrange, describe, and expand its Angeles or Honolulu is well over 100,0)00, into the All-American Melting Pot:' in Ethnic Chicago:A MlulticulturalPortrait (Grand Rapids, archival and manuscript holdings. This it is only a fraction of that number in MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, grant funds the arrangement and descrip- Chicago. For that and other reasons, the 1995), 423. 2 Ibid., 427. tion of five manuscript collections, includ- experiences of Japanese Americans in the Arthur A. Hansen,"Resettlement:A Neglected ing the Konman-Matsukawa Family Papers, Midwest differ significantly from those of Link in Japanese Amnerica's Narrative Chaimn"in Regeneracitions Oral Histor, Project:Rebuilding the Mary and James Numata Papers, the their counterparts on the West Coast. Japanese American Families, Communuities, Dorothy and Hiroshi Kaneko Papers, the Nevertheless, those experiences remain and Civil Rights in the Resettlement Era (Los Fumi Yamamoto Papers, and the Tohoru Ed Angeles Japanese American National Musetum, largely undocumented at this time. 2000), xix. Miyashita Papers. It also funds the develop- With the financial help of the National ment of a records management program to Historical Publications and Records Com- preserve and protect the JASC's records of mission, the JASC, through its Legacy Center, lasting value. Finally, the grant supports out- seeks to remedy the situation by collecting reach and training for key leaders of other and documenting historically significant Japanese American community groups to materials within the Japanese American

\nnotain Vc I 302 June 2002 AGRICULTURE AND RURAL LIFE DOCUMENTING CHANGE IN MINNESOTA AND NORTH DAKOTA

Agriculture is part of the American landscape. Even in states better known for their cities than their farms, agriculture is a fixture in the economic and scenic mix.The family farm remains anAmerican icon- glorified by politicians, farmers, and many non-farming citizens alike. Indeed, the preservation of family farming-and of the communities it supports-has become a multibillion-dollar component of agricultural policy in the United States. Nowhere is the place of agriculture more prominent than in the Midwest, where vast tracts of land are covered with fields of wheat, corn, soybeans, sugar beets, and a host of other crops.The viability of the small towns sprinkled across this region often depends directly upon income generated by farming. The economies of many states in the region were built upon the production of farms stretching to the Pacific, as were the fortunes of important sectors in the transportation, food products, and chemical industries. An aerial view offarmiandsurrounding a smallfarm in Dakota County Minnesota, with forested bills in theforegroundand gravel roads winding The documentation of agriculture and its associated activities has through the image. Photograph by Frank WGohbike, 1983, courtesy of the always been part of the work of archives in the Midwest. Despite the Minnesota HistoricalSociety. inevitable disparity in size and scope of their collections, few would be found without some photographs, diaries, business records, and arti- objectives were given as examining the 'Red River Valley as a region facts relating to the history of agriculture and the people who prac- transcending state and national boundaries.'The meeting had good rep- ticed it.At the same time, the very size and scope of agricultural enter- resentation and participation from both state boards, representation prise makes systematic documentation difficult. The reality of thou- from the University of Manitoba added an international element, and sands of individual farms and hundreds of farm-influenced communi- our convergent interests were evident and well expressed.This was, all ties in each state has often militated against large-scale documentary agreed, just the beginning." l efforts. In 1995 the Minnesota Board commissioned two surveys of local Nowhere are the challenges in accurately reflecting the breadth and organizations in the Red River Valley. The surveys-which combined scope of agriculture more evident than in the archives of the Minnesota work on the Board's priorities on agriculture, rural life, underdocu- Historical Society and the State Historical Society of North Dakota. mented communities, and volunteerism-aimed to compile informa- Neighbors separated only by the ribbon of the Red River of the North, tion on organizations dedicated to providing services beyond those Minnesota and North Dakota are linked economically as well as geo- available from Government agencies. One survey dealt with organiza- graphically. The produce of North Dakota's vast wheat fields flowed tions focused on agriculture and rural communities; the second with either to the flour mills of Minneapolis or to the grain terminals of the area's large Hispanic community. Duluth for shipment to the East Coast or overseas.The railroads linking Both surveys were completed in 1996, and led to Board-sponsored North Dakota to the rest of the nation were headquartered in meetings in Moorhead to which were invited individuals identified Minnesota for nearly a century, and the states participate in a variety of through the surveys. Held in November 1996, the two meetings includ- cooperative efforts. ed more than 30 individuals, in addition to members of the Minnesota A particularly noteworthy aspect of the NHPRC's agenda to identify, Board and representatives from the North Dakota Board.Those in atten- preserve, and provide access to historical records has been the forma- dance included social service providers, migrant labor representatives, tion and support of historical records advisory boards in every state. farmers, and advocates of rural economic development. In both Formed to collect data, seek public input and partnerships, and coordi- instances, the meetings highlighted dedicated groups of individuals nate the work of records preservation, the state boards have proven working to deal with the economic, political, and social realities affect- important elements in implementing the NHPRC's goals on the local ing farmers, residents of small towns, and the region's Hispanic popu- level. Minnesota and North Dakota maintain active state boards, both lation. Many of these people indicated strong interest in working with notable for the level of their involvement in projects to preserve state the two state boards to ensure documentation of their work and their history. Periodic planning efforts in both states identified agriculture as communities. a key component of state history, and noted the importance of ensur- Armed with these results, the Minnesota Board-still seeking part- ing adequate and accurate documentation of its importance. ners and a realistic way in which to deal with the issues it had identi- Sensing the opportunity for a project of much more than statewide fied-commissioned two small oral-history projects. One focused on interest, the Minnesota Board invited members of North Dakota's board the evolution of the Hispanic community in Moorhead, and the other to a meeting in Moorhead in June 1992.As North Dakota board coordi- on the economic and social forces that led to the closing of a rural nator Gerald Newborg recalls, the "agenda laid out the two states' objec- church. Both were funded by the Minnesota Historical Society's Grants tives. Minnesota objectives were stated to be 'documenting agriculture and rural life and the changing face of rural Minnesota. North Dakota I Agriculture and Rural Life: Documenting Change. Project Report, p. 2.

8 Annotation Vol. 302 June 2002 in Aid program, and provided further insight into the complex issues more than 30 representatives of county and local historical societies in involved in the larger project. the region. Leonard also surveyed the holdings of 17 local, regional, and By 1998, members of both boards were impatient to take on a proj- university archives in the Red River Valley, chosen to represent the actual ect dealing with the documentation of agriculture and rural life.At sev- disparities in size, funding, and collections. eral meetings, the boards agreed to work together to frame a joint proj- In the end, the project succeeded because the project manager, ect, recognizing the challenges inherent in both cooperation and man- board members, and staff worked hard to maintain contact and a visi- agement on such a scale.The final project was proposed to the NHPRC ble presence in the area. Indeed, many board and project staff members in the spring of 1999 and funded late that year. Operations began early came to view Fargo as a second home, for it served as the base of proj- in 2000. In reviewing the project's operation the following items have ect operations. special relevance. Interstate Cooperation - The Realities Geographic Focus Melding state board goals, agendas, and meeting times is a major task Although the Red River Valley formed the larger geographic focus, it not to be undertaken lightly. Even the choice of meeting sites is cause is nearly 175 miles in length, not counting the Canadian portion, and for deliberation, since sending board and staff members back and forth includes over 3,500 square miles. It is thus larger than Delaware and across state lines that may be hundreds of miles from their homes and Rhode Island combined. In order to craft a manageable project, the work is no small decision, given the expense in both dollars and time boards agreed to focus on a particular section of the Red River Valley, taken from other tasks. while seeking input beyond that area when necessary.The North Dakota An interstate project must be a leading and simultaneous priority to Board chose three counties extending inland from the river, while the all partners. Commitment to an idea or agenda is always possible in the Minnesota Board selected a watershed district covering parts of seven abstract. It is when the inevitable meetings and consultations become counties.The areas are located directly across the river from one another, reality that real days with real travel time and real preparation become and include no towns with populations larger than 5,000.This ensured challenges to commitment. In the case of the Minnesota and North that the target area would indeed be rural, untainted by a larger urban Dakota boards, that commitment had to be maintained for 2 long years, area with issues unrelated to the hinterland. through a dozen meetings and much sustained work. In retrospect, the very length of time it took to agree upon the project may have ensured Project Management its eventual success. When it was finally time to drive across snow-cov- From its inception, the project promised major challenges. The ered roads to meetings, commitment to a shared goal produced stellar largest of these was project management.The co-directors were located cooperation. in Bismarck and St. Paul, headquarters of the respective boards and their sponsoring historical societies.The Red River is nearly 200 miles Conclusions east of Bismarck and 250 miles northwest of St. Paul. Both project direc- The project's results and recommendations can be seen in two pub- tors have major responsibilities in their agencies, and neither could lications, both bearing the project title Agriculture and Rural Life: relocate to the Valley for more than a few days every few months. Yet Documenting Change. The first is the ProjectReport, which contains the work demanded a presence on site to build and maintain the net- an overview of each component, together with an extensive bibliogra- work of contacts that would make or break the project. phy and list of web sites. Those were compiled from project research The cross-river twin cities of Fargo, North Dakota, and Moorhead, and information obtained directly from meeting participants.The sec- Minnesota, were selected as the project headquarters.While not direct- ond publication, Perspectives on the Issues, is a set of four very differ- ly in the focus area, the cities provided infrastructure for the project ent essays, each offering a view of the topic and perspectives of value office and available housing stock for the project manager. Recruitment to those contemplating similar ventures. Both publications may be of a project manager, whose work would last for 14 of the project's 24 accessed from the web sites of the respective state boards, www.mnhs. months, concentrated on northwestern Minnesota and eastern North org/shraband www.state.nd.us/hist/Ag-rural-life.htm. Dakota.As with so many aspects of this project, success was ensured by In assessing this interstate project, a reflection on the relationship a combination of good planning and good fortune. Benjamin Leonard between the NHPRC and the state historical records advisory boards is proved a model of entrepreneurial activity, boundless enthusiasm, inevitable.While the state boards exist as independent entities, all were excellent organizational skills, and the ability to connect with people. created under the leadership of the NHPRC. Funding other than that The latter was a critical asset, for Leonard had to cold-call dozens of supplied by NHPRC has occasionally supported various state board people before each of the many meetings, explaining the project to programs, but the vast majority of funds used in state board projects busy farmers, businesspeople, municipal managers, educators, and social have come from that single source. service providers. His success ratio was astounding. Unusual as it is, the project Agriculture and Rural Life:Documenting The initial work-site for the project manager was space made available Change proves that cooperation between state boards can flourish. in the library of North Dakota State University in Fargo.The Minnesota Such projects may not be easily defined or rapidly implemented, but Historical Society sent a computer, and, with installation of a telephone, they can create interaction and regional agreement. Such cooperation Leonard was in business. Until June 20, 2000, that is, when Fargo was can only strengthen records programs, particularly when, as in this deluged with more than 10 inches of rain in less than 3 hours. Massive instance, it creates a genuine dialog between records creators, users, flooding inundated the NDSU library's lower floor, destroying Leonard's and those charged with selecting and keeping the historical record. & office, his computer, and many of his project files. Fortunately much of his research and many of his work notes had been sent electronically to the project directors, which protected those files from destruction. Office space was located at Moorhead State University, and Leonard relocated there within 2 days of the flood. JAMES E. FOGERTY HEADS THE ACQUISmIONS AND CuIRATORIAL DEPARTMENT OF THE The project report details the numerous meetings held in both states MINNESOTA HISTORICAL SOCIETY, AND IS EXECLImVE SECRETARY OF THE MINNESOTA and describes the interest groups assembled to discuss issues, provide STATE HISTORICAL RECORDS ADVISORY BOARD. individual perspectives, and recommend action. Meetings were also held with archivists from Minnesota, North Dakota, and Manitoba, and with historians whose work includes aspects of the history of agricul- ture and rural life. In addition, Leonard and board members met with

Annotorion Vol. 30.2 June 2002 9 NHPRC RECOIMMENDS 62 GRANTS (continuediifrom )cI4qe 1) Documentary Editing Projects Duke University, Durham, NC:A conditional grant of up to $52,539 much information from applicants as it has normally done in the for TheJaneAddams Papers. past. University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC: A conditional grant of Resolved, that the NHPRC thanks the Fire Department of the City up to $42,916 for The Papers ofJohn C Calhoun. of New York for its proposal to preserve and make available for The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA: A conditional research the historical records of the Department, which the New grant of up to $13,098 for The Papersof Charles Carrollof Carrollton. York State Historical Records Advisory Board returned to the appli- Richard and Shirley Flint,Villanueva, NM:A conditional grant of up cant for further work and resubmission in another cycle. The to $20,060 for a dual-language edition of documents relating to the Commission wishes to express its interest in exploring a possible Coronado Expedition. project involving the (preservation and access to archival New York William Marsh Rice University, Houston,TX:A conditional grant of City) Fire Department journals, and encourages the Fire Department up to $70,208 for The Papers ofJefferson Davis. of the City of New York to work with the Commission staff and the University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, New York State Historical Records Advisory Board in developing a IN:A conditional grant of up to $15,840 for The Papers of Fr-ederick revised proposal to be considered at the Commission's May 2003 Douglass. meeting. Rutgers,The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ:A With regard to competitive grant proposals, the Commission rec- conditional grant of up to $44,960 for The Papersof Thomas Edison. ommended that the Archivist of the United States make grants of up University of Maryland, College Park, MD:A conditional grant of up to $1,652,534 for 30 documentary editing projects; $57,918 for 7 to $82,879 for Freedom:A Documentary History of Emancipation. documentary editing subventions; up to $29,991 for 3 state board 1861-1867. administrative support projects; and $1,565,880 for 22 records access Regents of the University of California, Los Angeles, CA: A condi- projects.The Commission also endorsed I documentary editing proj- tional grant of up to $50,882 for The MAarcus Garvey and the Universal ect it was unable to fund. It established priorities for the funding of Negro ImprovementAssociation Papers. 5 additional records access projects if sufficient funds become avail- Regents of the University of California, Berkeley, CA:A conditional able through the inability of certain records projects already recom- grant of up to $87,317 for The Emma Goldman Papers. mended in FiscalYear 2002 to meet the conditions specified for their University of Maryland, College Park, MD:A conditional grant of up grants.A list of funded proposals follows below. to $69,854 for The Samuel Gompers Papers. At a reception and dinner held on the evening of May 14 in the Ulysses S. Grant Association, Carbondale, IL:A conditional grant of Lyndon B. Johnson Room of the United States Capitol, the NHPRC up to $67,612 for The Papers of Uljsses S, Grant. honored Dr. John Brademas, the recipient of the 2002 NHPRC Rhode Island Historical Society, Providence, RI:A conditional grant Distinguished Service Award. The award was presented by NHPRC of up to $73,513 for The Papers of General Nathanael Greene. Chairman John W Carlin; Senator Christopher Dodd spoke of his long UIniversity of Arizona, Arizona State Museum, Tucson, AZ: A condi- friendship with Dr. Brademas and of his support for the work of the tional grant of up to $43,993 for Doctumentary Relations of the NHPRC. In addition to the NHPRC members, the guests included Southuest. Senator , House Democratic Whip , University of Tennessee, Knoxville,TN:A conditional grant of up to Congressman Timothy Roemer,Ambassador Philip Kaiser, and George $66,016 for The Papers ofAndreu,Jackson. Washington University President Stephen Trachtenberg. Pace University, NewYork, NY: Endorsement of The HarrietJacobs Following the completion of other Commission business on May Papers:A Documentary Edition. 15, Leon Stout, Head of Public Services and Outreach at the Eberly Stanford University, Stanford, CA: A conditional grant of up to Family Special Collections Library, Penn State University, and recent $56,011 for The Papersof MAartin Luther King, Jr past president of the Society of American Archivists, briefed the mem- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC: A conditional grant of bers on electronic records issues. up to $73,793 for The Papersof Henry Laurens. The following Commissioners were present at the May meeting: Illinois Historic Preservation Agency, Springfield, IL: A conditional Chairperson John W Carlin,Archivist of the United States; Nicholas C. grant of up to $63,496 for The Lincoln Legal Papers:A Documenltary, Burckel, Presidential appointee; Charles T Cullen, representing the Histor, of the Lawu PracticeofAbraham Lincoln, 1836-1861. Association for Documentary Editing; Senator Christopher J. Dodd George C. Marshall Foundation, Lexington, VA: A conditional grant (D-CT), representing the U.S. Senate; Mary Maples Dunn, representing of up to $49,771 for The Papers of George Catlett Mlarshall. the American Historical Association; Fynnette Eaton, representing the Institute of Early American History and Culture,Williamsburg.VA:A Society of American Archivists; Barbara J. Fields, representing the conditional grant of up to $20,004 for The PapersofJohn Mlarshall. Organization of American Historians; Brent Glass, representing the State University of New York, College at Old Westbury, Nassau, NY: American Association for State and Local History; Alfred Goldberg, A conditional grant of up to $48,025 for a documentary edition of the representing the Department of Defense; Margaret P Grafeld, repre- papers of Clarence Mitchell,Jr. senting the Department of State; Marvin E "Bud" Moss, Presidential The American University,Washington, DC:A conditional grant of up appointee; Justice David H. Souter, representing the United States to $40,008 for The Papers of Frederick Law Olmnsted. Supreme Court; and Roy C. Turnbaugh, representing the National University of Tennessee, Knoxville,TN:A conditional grant of up to Association of Government Archives and Records Administrators. $41,767 for The Correspondence of James K Polk. Absent were Representative Roy D. Blunt (R-MO), representing the University of Virginia, Charlottesville,VA:A conditional grant of up U.S. House of Representatives, and Winston Tabb, who represents the to $86,684 for its Presidential Recordings Project. Librarian of Congress. University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC:A con- ditional grant of up to $22,235 for Race, Slavery, and Free Blacks:

l 0 Annortrion Vo 30 2 June 2002 Petitions to Southern Legislatures and Count, Courts, 7-6- 1867. of $130,999 for its Archives and Records Survey Project to conduct a The George Washington University, Washington, DC: A conditional records survey of the 25 offices of the Utniversity as a first step in grant of up to $130,976 for its Eleanor Roosevelt and Human Rights establishing a university archives and records management program. project. The New-York Historical Society, New York, NY: A 2-year grant of , New York, NY: A conditional grant of up to $57,500 for its Cass Gilbert Archival Project to arrange and describe $58,343 for The Selected Papers of Margaret Sanger. records from the collection of architect Cass Gilbert. Rutgers, the State UtJniversity of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ: A Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA: An 18-month grant of conditional grant of up to $48,025 for The Papers of Elizabeth Cadj' $64,320 for its Photograph Processing Project to arrange, describe, Stanton and Susan B.Anthony. and preserve 9,60)0 photographs in the hospital's collection that date Morehouse (.ollege, Atlanta, GA: A conditional grant of up to from the period 1860-1990. $54,955 for The Howard Thurman Papers. Diocese of Amarillo,Amarillo,TX:A 1-year grant of $ 36,000 for its East Stroudsburg UJniversity, East Stroudsburg, PA: A conditional Diocese Records Plreservation Project to develop an institutional grant of up to $56,756 for The Papers of the War Departmenzt, archives and records management program. 1784- 1800. Big Valley Band of Pomo Indians, Lakeport, CA: A l-year grant of $40,685 for its Big Valley Rancheria Records Reclamation Project to Documentary Editing Subventions develop an archives and records management program. University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville,VA:A subvention grant Regents of the University of California, Berkeley, CA:A 2-year grant of $10,000 for The Papers of George Washington, Presidential of $168,854 for its NAACP West Coast Region Records Project to Series,Vol. 1 1. process, arrange, and describe the records of the National Association University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville,VA:A subvention grant for the Advancement of Colored People,West Coast Region. of $10,000 for The Papers of James Aladison, Secretary of State Society of California Archivists, Sacramento, CA: A I )-month grant Series,Vol. 6. of $12,305 for its Native American/Tribal Archivists Curriculum University of South Carolina Press, (.olumbia, SC: A subvention Project to develop a curriculum and a class schedule for a Western grant of $7,000 for The Papers of HenryJ Laurens,Vol. 16. Archives Institute-Special Institute for Native American and Tribal University of South Carolina Press, Columbia, SC: A subvention Archivists, to be held in August 2003. grant of S4,767 for The Papers of JohJn C alboun,Vol. 27. Regents of the tlniversity of California, Berkeley, CA:A 1-year grant University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville.,VA:A subvention grant of $78,891 for its Him Mark l.ai Collection Processing Project to of $8,236 for The Selected Letters of Dolle' PayneMladison. process and make available the collection of Chinese American Kent State University Press, Kent. OH: A subvention grant of scholar Him Mark Lai. S10,)000 for The Papers of RobertA. Taft, Vol. 3. Connecticut State Library Hartford, CT: A I-year grant of $75,526 U niversity of (California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, (.A:A sub- for its Judicial Records Project to complete the processing of the vention grant of $7,915 for The Papers of Emma Goldman, Vol. 1, records of four county courts and formulate a plan for preserving MIadeforAmerica. and providing access to all of the state's early county court records. The Linn County Historical Society/The History Center, Cedar State Board Administrative Support Rapids, IA:An 18-month grant of $55,036 for its Archives Collection Maine State Historical Records Advisory Board,Augusta, ME:A grant Processing Project to organize, describe, and make available collec- of $9,991 for board administrative support. tions documenting Cedar Rapids and the surrotunding region. Nebraska State Historical Society. Lincoln, NE:A conditional grant Universitv of Maine, Orono, ME:A 2-year grant of $109,787 for its of up to $10,000 for state board administrative support. Environment and Development in New England Project to process Tennessee State Historical Records Advisory Board, Nashville,TN:A 91 collections documenting the activities of New England business- grant of S 10,)00)0 for board administrative support. es that have had an impact on the region's environment. Board of Regents, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE: A Records Access conditional 1-year grant of up to $10,065 for its George Cather Ray San Francisco State University, San Francisco, (CA:A 2-year grant of Collection Microfilming Project to microfilm a collection of materi- $121,401 for its Sam Kagel Collection Processing Project to appraise, als from relatives of Willa Cather relating to her works. process, publicize, and make accessible the case files and other American Association for State and Local History, Nashville,TN:A records of labor-management arbitrator Sam Kagel. 15-month grant of $88,758 for its Council of State Historical Records Louis Wolfson 11 Media History) Center, Miami, FL: A 2-year grant of (.oordinators (COSHRC)/Expanded National Collaboration and S87,070 for its South Florida Television Preservation and Access Administration Project to continue regular meetings and administra- Project to preserve and make accessible three collections that com- tion of COSHRC; maintain its web site; provide regular communica- prise some of the earliest recordings of local television in South tion among COSHRC, State Historical Records Advisory Boards, and Florida. the NHPRC; and broaden national collaboration among records keep- City of Lewiston, Maine: A 1-year grant of $37352 for its Bates ers. Manufacturing Company Records Processing Project to arrange and Pacific lutheran University,Tacoma,WA:A conditional 2-year grant describe the records of the Bates Manufacturing Company, of up to $137,523 for its Northwest Archives Processing Initiative 1852-1980. Project to organize, describe, and catalog archival and photographic New England Conservatory of Music, Boston, MA:A 2-year grant of collections documenting a wide range of subjects in the region. $84s,60)3 for its Archives Development Project to establish an archives State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Madison, WI: A conditional and records management program. 1-year grant of up to $79,542 for its Photograph Collections Cataloging Southwest Missouri State University, Springfield, MO:A 2-year grant Project to produce collection-level descriptive entries for 3,000)

Annotnon Vol 30 2 June 2002 processed photograph lots and to load those descriptions into an online catalog. REMARKS OF DR. JOHN BRADEMAS, PRESIDENT EMERITUS, NEW YORK UNIVERSITY, AND FORMER MEMBER OF CONGRESS (D-IND.), AT A Washingtoniana Division, District of Columbia Public Library, DINNER MARKING HIS RECEIVING THE 2002 DISTINGUISHED SERVICE Washington, DC: A conditional 1-year grant of up to $40,000 for its AWARD OF THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL PUBLICATIONS AND RECORDS Photographic Preservation and Access Project to improve the physi- COMMISSION, MAY 14, 2002 cal housing of and intellectual access to the Washington Star news- paper's photographic collection. At the outset, I want to express my appreciation to all the members Vedanta Society of Southern California, Hollywood, CA: A condi- of the National Historical Publications and Records Commission for tional 1-year grant of up to $25,000 for its George Fritts Preservation this high honor and to the Commission's able and dedicated and Accessibility Project to process and preserve the slides, photo- Executive Director, Ann Newhall. graphs, and tape recordings of George Fritts, a Vedanta monk who My own interest in history began in childhood. My late father was born in Greece, and I grew up hearing about Thucydides; my mother documented the society's daily activities for decades. was a public schoolteacher, and her father taught Greek, Roman, and Immigrant City Archives, Lawrence, MA:A 1-year grant of $24,663 American history in schools and universities in Indiana. So after fin- for its Essex Company Collection Preservation Project to organize, ishing my undergraduate and graduate studies and, on my third try, describe, and make available its Essex Company Collection; to deal winning election to Congress, I naturally sought membership on the with photographic images in the collection; and to produce a cur- Committee of the House of Representatives with jurisdiction over riculum unit based on the collection. legislation dealing with schools, colleges, and universities; libraries and museums; the arts and the humanities, and I served as well on Records Access Projects Contingent Upon the the Joint (House-Senate) Committee on the Library of Congress. Availability of Funds The privilege that then House Speaker accorded me in The following projects were approved for funding in the order 1971, appointment to the National Historical Publications and Records presented, provided that sufficient funds become available through Commission, opened yet another exciting door to the world of his- the inability of certain projects already recommended to meet the tory, American history, and I immensely enjoyed the periodic meet- conditions specified for their grants. ings at the National Archives Building with Senator Claiborne Pell of The Creek Indian Memorial Association, Okmulgee, OK: A condi- Rhode Island;Justice William Brennan of the Supreme Court; the then Archivist of the United States, Bert Rhoads: and some distinguished tional 1-year grant of up to $62,008 for its Muscogee (Creek) Nation American historians. Records Survey Project to develop an archives and records manage- Some personal observations. My own papers cover 22 years as a ment program for the Muscogee (Creek) Nation. Member of the House of Representatives. I served with six College of Medicine, J. Hills Miller Health Science Center, Univer- Presidents-three Republicans: Eisenhower, Nixon, and Ford; and sity of Florida, Gainesville, FL:A 2-year grant of $ 58,68 I for its Medical three Democrats: Kennedy, Johnson, and Carter. During my last 4 History Center and Archives Project to arrange and describe records years, I was, by appointment of Speaker Tip O'Neill, House Majority relating to the origins and development of the J. Hills Miller Health Whip. During my service as Whip, I joined Speaker O'Neill, Senate Science Center. Majority Leader Robert C. Byrd, House Majority Leader , University of Kentucky Research Foundation, Lexington, KY: A Senator Hubert H. Humphrey while he lived, and the other 2-year grant of $97,940 for its Lexington Herald-Leader Photograph Democratic Leaders of Congress for breakfast nearly every other Morgue Project to arrange and describe the photograph morgue of Tuesday at the White House with President Carter and Vice President one of Lexington's newspapers. Mondale. The Outdoor Circle, Honolulu, HI:A 1-year grant of $40,222 for its I hope to make use of my notes, over two decades later, for a study of how a President deals with the leaders of his own party in project to survey the organization's records; arrange, describe, pre- Congress. Recently, with the help of New York University's Archivist, serve, and make accessible those records with legal and historical Nancy Cricco, my papers were brought from a Library of Congress value; and establish a records management plan and retention sched- warehouse to NYIJ, where Professor Peter Wosh is using them as ule for the records. materials for a class he is teaching on the management of historical The Newark Museum Association, Newark, NJ: A 1-year grant of archives. $51,500 for its Institutional Records Processing Project to arrange, .. So I want to establish a center in that will have describe, and make available museum records dealing with exhibi- two principal dimensions: first, to be a place where scholars can tions, collections, educational outreach, and marketing. engage in research on and study of Congress as a policy-making insti- tution; and second, as a place to which, for conferences, lectures, and Congressionally Directed Grants symposia, to bring practitioners: Senators and Congressmen, current The Center for Jewish History, New York, NY: Release of third-year and former; Congressional staffers; persons from the Executive branch; funding of up to $316,733 for its Integrated Collection Management scholars; journalists; and parliamentarians from other cotuntries to and Access System Project. interact with academics at NewYork University. Such a Center would, of course, be wholly bipartisan. The work of the National Historical Publications and Records Commission is indispensable not only to the actual preservation of the documents of American history, but as a concrete demonstration that all three branches of the Government of the United States are committed to promotion of knowledge and understanding of our history. Indeed, let me observe that at least so far as I know, this Commission is the only entity in which all three branches of our national government meet not for lunch or dinner, but to make decisions.This Commission, far too little known, plays a uniquely valuable role in our country.

112 Annoror on Vol 302 June 2002 So Governor Carlin, Ann Newhall, and members of the National Historical Publications and Records Commission, I hope that there will be strong support for adequate appropriations-vou're author- ized $10 million, I understand-and I hope you win $10 million in appropriations-for-the-year-support from President Bush and from both Democrats and Republicans in the Senate and House of Representatives. After September 11, it is all the more important that if Americans are to know whe-re we are going, we must know whence we came. Yours is a noble endeavor. All the more, then, am I grateful for the honor )youdo me this evening.

NHlPR(C (ChairJohn ;' ( arlin presents the (.Commission s 200)2 Distinguishled Service Award to fIrnmer (Commission member Johln Brademas Phlotograph byNRoscoe (corge. NARA.

Recent Records Products and Tle Dat 'icldAdlerArcbhie e Ct Tbe Art Institute Publications Volumes Documentary Editions of Chicacgo The following publications from NIIPRC- supported documentary editing projects Records Products I& The Historical Society of Pennsylvania, have been received in the Commission office The following products from records proj- Philadelphlia, PIA: $`,873 to arrange, since November 20(01. ects funded by the National Historical Records describe, rehouse, and catalog the records of Coxe Mining Company, an independent coal and Publications Commission (NHPRC) have Dear Papa, Deart- Charle), [(.harles (.arroll], producer that played a kev role in the devel- been received since the November 20)01 Vol. 1 [Sep. 1749-Dl)ec. 17681 (Universitx of opment of anthracite mining in the state meeting. North Carolina Press, 2)001) (NHPRC ( Grant No. 99-(071).The finding aid produced has the fiollowing title: U&lniversity of South Carolina, Columbia, Dlear Papa, Dear Cbarleyt [Charles Carroll], SC: $69,353 to process 15 manuscript col- (.oxe Family Mining Papers, 1-4-1968 Vol. 2 lSep. 1769-Jun. 1778] (Utniversirx of lections relating to the history of South North Carolina Press, 2001) Carolina and the South in the univcrsity's '& The Research Foundation of the State South Caroliniana Library (NHPRC (Grant No. University of New York,Albanv, NY: $381,332 Deart- Papa, Dear Cbarle)' [Charles Carroll], 97-082). The collections cover topics in to develop guidelines to support and pro- Vol. 3 [Jul. 1'78-Jul. 17821 (Universit' of women's history, slavery and racc relations, mote long-term preservation of and access North Carolina Press, 2001) the (CivilWar, and political and military histo- to public electronic records of value to sec- ry The finding aids produced have the fol- ondary users, including historians and other The Papers of Benjamin Franklin, Vol. 36 lowing titles: researchers (NHPRC (Grant No. 98-027).The [November 1, 1781-March 15, 1'82] (Yale following finding aid was published: The James Henry Hammond Papers tnliversity Press, 2001) The Thomas Eveleigh Richardson Collection Openinig Gateways: A Practical Guitide The Samuel Lowry Latimer,Jr, Papers Jor Designbing Electronic Recor-ds Access Tle Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Vol. 29 ' The Papers of Benjamin Livingston Abney Programs [March 1, 1796-December 179 ] (Princeton The Papers of the Christensen Family tlniversity Press, 2002) The Records of the Christian Action Council 'a Princeton University, Princeton, NJ: The Papers of Elizabeth Boatwright Coker $55,206 to organize, describe, catalog, and Selected Letters of Lucretia Coffin Mott The Papers of James Lide Coker provide more effective access to collections [1813-1879] (t lniversity of Illinois Press, The Papers of Robert Richardson Coker in its Seeley G. Mudd Library relating to Cold 200))2) The lPapers of John (iary Evans War-era liberalism (NHPRC G(rant No. 9'- The Papers of Blondelle Malone 084).The finding aids produced have the fol- The Papers of George Watshinigton: The Papers of Wyndham Meredith Manning lowing titles; the' are available online at Revolatiolnary Viair Series, Vol. 12 [October- The Papers of William Doyle Morgan bttp.//'u'a:pri-nceton. edi/- nlmtd/ December 1777''' (Utniversity Press of The Papers of Stanley Fletcher Morse Wilbur Hughl Ferry Papers, 1962-1964 Virginia, 2()01) The Papers of Mendel Lafayette Smith Freedom House Archives, 1936-199' Fund for the Republic Archives, 1928-1964 . The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL: [Bulk D)ates 1952-1961] $40,000 to process the architectural records William W Lockwood, 1919-1977 of the Institute's David AdlerArchive (NHPRC Paul D.Tillett,Jr., Papers, 1952-1979 (Grant No. 97-083).The following finding aid H. H.Wilson Papers, 1938-1979 and study guide was published: record Paix et Liberte Papers, 1950-1952 descriptions were also made available through RLIN.

Annorar c,n V 30 2 J3e 2002n 13 other distinguished Midwestern architects as Louis Sullivan, Daniel AiioxE: Bruce Goff u'ith his cat, Chiaroscuro, in his studio ill Price Towter H. Burnham, Ludwig Hilberseimer, and Bertrand Goldberg. Bartles ille, Oklahoma, 1962. Photograph courtesl' of The Art Institute of Chicago. During a professional career that spanned more than 60 years, Rri(,iT: Perspective rendering of the Glen and Jluetta Hatrder Hotuse, Goff saw nearly 150 of his more than 500 architectural designs built Mountain Lake, Minnesota, 1970.Rendered bj' Bart Prince. Iheage couLr tesy of The Art Institute of Chicago. in 15 states.Among the best known are the Boston Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church in Tulsa, Oklahoma; the Ruth Ford House in Aurora, Illinois; the Gene and Nancy Bavinger House in Norman, Oklahoma; professional papers, photographs, audio and visual recordings, and the Shin'enKan estate in Bartlesville, Oklahoma (destroyed by arson ephemera; the Department of Asian Art holds a large collection of in 1996); and the Shin'cnKan Pavilion at the Los Angeles County his Japanese prints; a portion of his Native American art collection Museum of Art. was transferred to the Department of African and Amerindian Art; Known for using such mundane materials as discarded glass cullet, and a drawing by Gustav Klimt, owned by Goff, is held in the raw coal, Quonset hut ribs, nautical rope, dime-store ashtrays, and Department of Prints and Drawings. 2 goose feathers in radical ways, his reputation as an anti-academic In 1999 the Art Institute received a significant grant from the architect was as far-reaching as his influence. In each of his designs, National Historical Publications and Records Commission, with Goff's sensitivity to client, site, space, and material set him far outside additional support from several private donors, for an 18-month the mainstream. project to process the Bruce Goff architectural records held in the Apart from his innate creativity, Goff found inspiration for his work Department of Architecture. Numbering approximately 8,000 from a variety of sources, including the architecture of Louis Sullivan, items, these documents include design sketches, presentation ren- Frank Lloyd Wright, Antoni Gaudi, and Erich Mendelsohn; modern derings, working drawings, and copy prints. Herculean preliminary European fine arts and music; and the arts of Japan and Southeast work in arranging and describing the Bruce GoffArchive was com- Asia. He also made a profound impression on a younger generation pleted by the noted Goff scholar David De Long prior to the of architects through his role as dean of the School of Architecture at archive's arrival at theArt Institute. De Long's catalog raisonne num- the University of Oklahoma from 1947 to 1955 and through lecture bers were used as a permanent complement to the Department of tours and his apprentice program. Architecture's finding aid. 3 Today, as during his lifetime, Goff is regarded as one of the masters However, prior to the grant, the collection remained largely inac- of organic architecture. Based on no historical precedent, and incor- cessible due to incomplete processing and its problematic physical porating his almost fanatical devotion to uninhibited imagination, his condition. The objectives of the grant were to process and rehouse designs were unlike any other; his most notable extant building, the the entire collection, to stabilize and conserve the records as need- Bavinger House, is frequently cited as one of the most important ed, to photograph the most frequently requested records for examples of postwar American residential architecture. Goff's work improved research and exhibition access, and finally, to make the appears frequently in exhibitions and publications in the United finding aid available to the public via the Art Institute's web site. States and abroad. The Department of Architecture's collection documents the Because of the vast scope of the Bruce Goff Archive, the Art span of G(ioff's life, from early childhood sketches of fantasy struc- Institute divided the contents according to material type between tures to drawings that document the complex design processes he four departments in the museum. The Department of Architecture undertook as a professional architect. All told, these records illus- holds Goff's original architectural records and compositions; the trate an astonishing eight decades of creativity through a typical Ryerson and Burnham Archives hold his books, personal and variety of architectural drawings: design sketches; presentation

14 Al notation V, 302 June 2002 drawings and renderings; working, shop, structural, and site survey drawings and archival documents have been reproduced in photo- drawings; and designs for furniture, murals, and other decorative graphic and digital formats by its Department of Imaging, so that elements. high-quality images are available for research and publication by The scope of these records also provides an excellent source for scholars and for display on the museum's web site. study of the techniques used to create architectural drawings during The Art Institute also created a web page that provides an over- the 20th century Goff used such varied media as graphite pencil, col- view of the Bruce GoffArchive, selected images from the collection, ored pencil, colored inks and markers, watercolor, and gouache on and downloadable versions of the finding aids compiled by the varied supports, including drafting linen, tracing paper, opaque Department ofArchitecture and thie Ryerson and Burnham Archives. 4 paper, and illustration board. Copy prints were made by various As the other departments of the museum complete the cataloguing reprographic techniques, including blueprint, sepia, and diazo of their portions of the Bruce (GoffArchive, this page is expected to processes, and were often further enhanced with colored pencils, include their finding aids and additional images. gouaches, or colored markers. The Bruce Goff Archive now has the distinction of being one of Numerous architectural records had suffered damage due to the most frequently consulted collections in the D)epartment of excessive use, intrinsically poor materials, and less-than-ideal storage Architecture for research and publication by scholars, students, archi- conditions prior to their arrival at the Art Institute. This was mani- tects, curators, and property owners. In particular, the number of fested in tears, creases, losses, stains, moisture damage, and adhesions inquiries about this material has significantly increased since 1995, of many types of pressure-sensitive tapes.Through the NHPRC grant, when the Art Institute organized a retrospective exhibition on Goff's the archivist systematically stabilized and rehoused unmatted draw- work, The Architecture of Bruce Goff 1904-1982:.Design for the ings in archival map folders and in rolled tubes, as appropriate.A sig- Contintuous Present."5 Additionally, as many of Goff's extant buildings nificant number of frequently requested drawings were matted and are reaching the 50-year age requirement for consideration as his- mounted to allow more frequent use; many of these smaller drawings toric landmarks, we anticipate that the archive will fmnd increased use from property owners and preservationists. The sheer magnitude of the materials that physically comprise the archive is staggering. From the initial gift of 8,000 individual archi- tectural drawings-not to mention the 130 linear feet of material in the Ryerson and Burnham Archives-the collection continues to grow through donations and purchases. Together, these objects illus- trate Goff's vast accomplishments as an architect, artist, composer, educator. and dreamer. As an esscntial complement to his extant buildings, the Bruce GoffArchive provides invaluable insight into his ideas, his inspirations, his colleagues, and his architectural designs. The Art Institute of Chicago is deeply committed to the preservation and access of the archive, and considers it to be one of the great legacies of American architecture. it& were then rehoused in archival boxes. Items with the most severe problems were treated by the museum's paper conservators, with excellent results.These 8,000 records are now housed in 70 flat-file ANNISEMARI' SAN R BlESSI[.ISt3RI (.ki GJF ARCHI\SI]' IN THIF DP)EAI1T1ENT () drawers, 10 archival boxes, and additional rolled storage cases, all ARCIIIE1{Ii RI AND CHRIaT At Ii Ais A\R(:HISN IAs,isTAN'IS IN THI RYER()N ANI) contained in a climate-controlled vault. BuIR\HAMI ARCHI\5S, 110111 AI VHE ART INSTILHU-E ()F CI('AG,O AN IARLIER

Due to the uniqueness of each record and the specificity required S FRSION (F ITlllsARTI'( I.E \S\A I'li [SiLSHEl)IN FRIENI)Ns0 KItAR Jot RNAL, \V.T 19, by researchers, the collection was arranged and described on an item N). I (SITNtIER 2(001)1. level, with drawings grouped by project and identified by client, loca- tion, date, De Long catalog raisonne number, drawing type, media, support, size, condition, and location. Through this intensive pro- cessing, and with the help of additional research in the Ryerson and NoTES Burnham Archives' holdings of Goff's professional papers, many I Copyright in Bruce Goff's own works was also transferred to the Art records that were previously unidentified or misidentified finally Institute, with the deed of gift to the physical collection. 2 Other portions of (ioff's estate, primarily phonograph records, clothing, received correct attributions. and household effects, remain in the possession of Goff's executor,Joe D. In addition. these architectural records document the work of Price. 3 For a comprehensive description of David De Long's work with Bruce Goff's students, apprentices, and employees, a diverse group of tal- Goff and the preservation of his archive, see his article 'The Historian's ented renderers, delineators, draftsmen, and designers in their own Viev' American Archivist 59 (Spring 1996): 156-164. De Long published this catalog raisonne in his book Bruce Goff:Tou'ardAbsoluteArchitecture right. For the first time, as well, comprehensive identification of these (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1988). contributors was possible, and additional biographical iniformation http.//ou:'n'artic.edu/aic/librariecs/goff/rbgoffhtmli sSee Saliga, Pauline and Mar' Woolever, eds. The Architecture of Bruce was obtained from those still living thirough the assistance of the Goff 1904-1982: Design for the Continuous Present (Chicago: Prestel Friends of Kebyar, a national organization devoted to the study of Verlag/The Art Institute of Chicago, 1995). organic architecture. Finally, as a complement to the preservation and cataloguing work undertaken by the Art Institute, several hundred architectural

Annor[ron Vol 30 2 June 2002 15 PreservingMissouri's Past THE MISSOURI HISTORICAL RECORDS GRANT PROGRAM

I * I

(6 documents and photographs that capture Missouri's rich had been stored improperly in cardboard boxes in the school's base- history are housed throughout the state in nearly 400 historical soci- ment.These items describe the history of the school, the role that it eties, archival institutions, and museums that are as diverse as the col- has played in the education of the blind, and Missouri's attitudes lections they maintain. Ensuring the continued preservation of towards and programs for people with disabilities. Missouri's historical records is a task undertaken by the Missouri The MSB received a grant for a consultant to evaluate its records, Historical Records Grant Program (MHRGP), which was created to make recommendations for their preservation and maintenance, through a $300,000 legislative appropriation from the State of and to create a disaster preparedness plan. The MSB also received Missouri and a $300,000 matching grant from the National Historical funding for the preservation supplies needed to act on the consul- Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC). The grant program tant's recommendations.This grant from the MHRGP has enabled the awards financial assistance to help preserve and make accessible school to preserve and make accessible its 150 years of history. Missouri's historical records and to promote archival education and Another major priority of the MHRPG is to expand access to cooperation among records keepers. records.The Jackson County Historical Society in Independence has The MHRPG is administered by the Missouri State Archives, Office been actively acquiring historical documents since 1909 to preserve of the Secretary of State, on behalf of the Missouri Historical Records the county's heritage and to promote the study, appreciation, and Advisory Board (MHRAB). The goals ot the interpretation ot local and regional nistory as grant program are set forth in the Board's it interrelates with United States history 1999 Strategic Plan, Old Documents to a The society's documents tell the stories Neu, Past:A Plan for the Preservation and of the daily lives of people who witnessed Access of Missouris HistoricalRecords. They Independence flourish as the chief outfitting are to help foster development of a statewide point and trailhead for three major trails: cooperative records community through the Santa Fe Trail, the Oregon Trail, and the leadership provided by the MHRAB; to ex- California Trail. They also trace the lives of pand the educational base of local reposito- those who suffered through fierce Civil War ries through cooperative strategies among battles, who benefited (or not) from Tom the state's major archival institutions and Pendergast's political machine, and who professional organizations; to determine cheered their neighbor Harry Truman when priorities for records preservation projects he became the 33rd President of the tJnited and increase preservation and conservation States. efforts; and to promote access and encourage The society needed to undertake a com- use through basic records access in local prehensive assessment of its holdings and to repositories, with the goal of microfilm and develop a formal long-range strategic plan database sharing among institutions. and priority hierarchy. Through the MHRGP, The MHRGP is a 215-year project contain- the society was able to evaluate its needs and ing two grant cycles. In cycle one, MHRAB Oie of thefirststcdens att thete MisscouriMissouriSchoolfor 5choolfor to address access and preservation issues. members reviewed 60 applications and sub- the Blind is shou'n rornkinggct a process learned at The subgrant awarded to the Jackson County sequently awarded 35 grants. In cycle two, the the school Photograp h co'turtesy of the Alisso-i Historical Society has given it the means to School for the Blind. board received 57 applications and awarded raise preservation and access quality to a 39 grants. Each of the projects funded represents a unique and level commensurate with the value and scope of its collections. diverse element of Missouri's history. The results of the subgrants to the Missouri School for the Blind Through Missouri's participation in a previous NHPRC survey, and the Jackson County Historical Society are the types of benefits useful conclusions were drawn about the overall needs of historical that the MHRAB expected when the program was created. What records repositories in the state. In the survey, respondents identified could not have been foreseen is the way the grants have served as a their number-one priority as "preservation of collections." springboard for other projects and activities. One MHRGP subgrantee that typified this need is the Missouri While the MHRAB knew that Missouri's smaller institutions would School for the Blind (MSB) in St. Louis.The MSB has played an impor- benefit tremendously from the archival training workshops offered tant role in the evolution of education of the blind, as well as in the by the grant program, one of the subgrantees, the Vernon County improvement of the lives of the blind and visually impaired, since its Historical Society's Bushwhacker Museum in Nevada, Missouri, has inception in 1851. taken the archival training that members received and created its The MSB project began when the school's staff set out to collect own educational outreach program. historical materials that would figure in the celebration of the MSB's Members shared the information they had gained in the MHRGP's 150th anniversary. Hundreds of historic photographs and documents archival training workshops, creating local 2-day workshops of their

16 Annorarion Vol 30 2 June 2002 own that were offered during the Christmas and spring breaks to the Many other subgrantees have seen their projects lead to increased students of the Advanced History Classes at Nevada High School. membership and donations, and to the ability to do additional work. These local workshops provided an opportunity for students to earn The MHRGP provided the best, and in many cases the only oppor- extra credit for the class as well as a chance to gain new insights into tunity for funding for the organizations that received subgrants. life in Vernon County during the 1800s. Becatise many) of the organizations eligible for the MHRGP had no The students also gained respect for public documents as primary prior grant-writing experience, a major effort was tindertaken to source material. One such item was the original handwritten sworn help them submit competitive applications.The grant administrator testimony for the trial of John Brown and several of his associates conducted pre-application workshops to discuss with participants after their raid into Vernon County in 1858, in the course of which how applications would be reviewed for completeness, conformity one Missouri farmer was killed and 11 slaves stolen. The students to requirements, sotindness of budget, and relevancy to the objec- also now have a better understanding of how involved, time-con- tives of the program. suming, and expensive preservation and archival work can be. One successful applicant wrote,"I think it is necessary to express In addition to the two local workshops, the Vernon County Board my appreciation for all of the help you have given me in preparing of Education has approved a new summer-school program for high the grant application for the Historical Society. Organizations such as school students that will provide 2 utinit of social science credit ours obviously do not have the funds to hire a professional granmt (one semester). Students enrolled in this class will work in the muse- writer, so a grant administrator who is willing to answer questions um in a variety of capacities.They will learn local history so that they becomes a very important element for us to even be able to put a will be able to function as docents, and will also learn the process of proposal together."The MHRGP offers Missouri's historical reposito- accessioning, marking documents, and archiving museum materials. ries the best opportunity to preserve Missouri's past. Furthermore, students will choose and research a local-history topic The Missouri School for the Blind, Jackson County Historical using the museum Society, the Vernon archives as primary County Historical source material.This O* x Society's Bush- will be done under 7Ccr whacker Museum, the direction of a 6-irll and the Still Na- classroom instruc- 2eY x_rA,e tional Osteopathic tor and the muse- Museum arc just 4 um coordinator. I of the 74 successful The purpose of projects supported the class is to intro- by the NHPRC re- duce students to grant to the MHRAB. Ct 4&t~- - ~XA74e A - c s t4' - their local heritage Each of these '4 and to provide op- Wrzo a4- SZ,A £T>t ,C ~rc~"4 d&'xaaf projects has had a portunities for them tremendous impact to learn research in preserving and skills, to come in OF-r making accessible contact with a vari- 4 historical records in A t~~ a -.- /t ety of occupations, Missouri. The ulti- and to render a mate goal of the community serv- MHRGP is to create ice. This new learn- a permanent pro- in 1858 Photographl ing experience was A priobate document referring to a raid conducted byjJohn Broun in Mlissouri gram that will con- courtesy of the Bushuhlacker Uluseun. not an expected tinue to assist local outcome of the subgrant;however,it is an excellent example historical repositories in their efforts to preserve Missouri's past and of how something as necessary and fundamentally satisfying as to guarantee that there will be a documentary heritage for future documenting local history and heritage can lead to enlightening edu- generations of Missourians. -'& cational opportunities for students. The MHRGP has also allowed subgrantees to butiild a fotundation that they can use to procure further outside sources of funding and to network with other historical organizations. When the Still K\IN' \\ . EI) A\RI), IP, lTf (;RANI AIDMIINISIRA'I't)R ()1 TIlE INFIIS()I'I I National Osteopathic Museum (SNOM) was acknowledged in the I lii( l\lARIC Rtl(:()RIs)S GRANT IPR( ;RAN. local newspaper for receiving an MHRGP grant, several museum patrons came forward and donated an additional $4,000 in cash. The subgrant has also provided an opportunity for recognition of the museum's staff's valuable work, and institutionally, the museum has gained more credibility and support. Furthermore, the grant has made it possible for the museum to start mutual projects w ith the State Capitol Museum, the Missouri Women's Council, the Kansas City Metho- dist Historical Society, and the Boone County Historical Society.

Annor-rin V! 302JJune 22002 janae AND THE JANE ADDAMS PAPERS PROJECT

Jane Addams, powerful advocate for identified as one of the 10 reform, social justice, and peace, is one of most important living the pivotal figures of American history. women of her day, and her From northwestern Illinois, where she was name became almost a born Laura Jane Addams on September 6, household word during 1860, in the village of Cedarville and edu- her lifetime. She received cated at Rockford Female Seminary (now numerous honors, capped Rockford College), she rose to national and in 1931 when she became international fame. Before she died on May America's first female recip- 21, 1935,JaneAddams had become an artic- ient of the Nobel Peace ulate and able organizer, leader, and popu- Prize. larizer of many of the key reform move- As Illinois' most famous ments that swept the United States during heroine, Jane Addams is her lifetime. memorialized throughout Co-founder with Ellen Gates Starr of the the state. A mural in the world-famous Chicago social settlement State Capitol Building at Springfield depicts Jane Addams seated in a rocking chairat Hull- Hull-House during the 1890s and the first her contributions to humanity; her name House during its first winter 1889-90. From the author's collection. decades of the 20th century, she guided it, is chiseled in the stone frieze of noted as well as the American settlement move- Illinois writers that circles the Illinois State and books are dedicated in her honor. And ment, when both were at the forefront of Library Building; and a bronze bust of her yet, with the exception of scholars, one national reform efforts.Addams was a voice graces the reading room of the Illinois State hundred of whom recently named Jane for reform in child labor, infant welfare, edu- Historical Society. Addams second only to Eleanor Roosevelt cation, labor, housing, health care, immi- In Chicago, two of the original Hull-House as the most significant woman of the 20th grant education and protection, urban envi- buildings, from which she led a network of century, few outside of Illinois seem to ronment, and women's rights and suffrage. like-minded reformers during America's know her name or life story. A superb communicator, she was the Progressive Era, have been preserved and But that is changing. Over the past 3 author of 11 books, including her noted restored by the University of Illinois at years, three new book-length treatments of autobiographies, Twenty Years at Hull- Chicago. With national landmark status, the Jane Addams have been published, and House and Second Twenty Years at Hull- structures serve as a museum composed of there are at least three other writers in the House, plus hundreds of articles and collections, research projects, and exhibits midst of producing new Addams biogra- speeches. to reveal her life and work. The Jane phies. There is a growing children's litera- Addams also became the leader of the Addams Memorial Park near Navy Pier ture on the life of Addams. This year, there first modern woman's peace movement. She hosts a sculpture created in her memory. are to be four conferences devoted to some was the primary organizer of the Woman's Today, the Hull-House Association carries aspect of Addams' work and thought. She is Peace Party and the Women's International on social work in her name throughout the also the focal point of numerous speeches League for Peace and Freedom in 1915, Chicago metropolitan area. and articles. During the 2002-03 academic serving as an active president through Everything from schools to canned goods year, at least three scholars plan full-length World War I and until 1929. She was often has been named for her, and poems, plays, academic courses on the life, times, and

18 Annoatation Vo 30 2 June 2002 philosophy of Addams. Iwo of the most of the Addams papers, a listing of the more They will follow Addams' relationships widely read older biographical studies of than 1,000 collections from which the body among her siblings, their progeny, and her Addams have been re-issued, some of of papers was reconstructed, a genealogy of stepfamily, as well as among her personal Addams' writings are available in their Addams f'amily members, a list by date of friends.The editors plan to treat the devel- entirety on the Internet, and the University Addams correspondence, and assorted lists opment of Hull-House and Addams' rise to of Illinois Press is bringing out new editions of organizations and individuals significant prominence as a reformer, first in Chicago, of all of her books. in Addams' life and work. then in Illinois, and on the national level. In part, this renaissance of Jane Addams Associated with the Department of History T'hey will examine her contributions as a studies may be traced to a commitment, at Duke University since 1983, the Jane writer, speaker, and eloquent champion for made more than 25 years ago by the Addams Papers Project is now engaged in her reform agenda; her role in the National Historical Publications Commission work on the third of its planned three pub- Progressive Partv: and her activities in other (NHPC), to support the preservation and lications: the letterpress edition of selected reform organizations. publication of the papers of significant Addams papers. The editors expect to Subsequent volumes will cover Addams' American women and their organizations. develop an edition of at least six volumes. response to World War I and explore her The Jane Addams Papers Project is part of Following a chronological arrangement, the treatment as a leader in the American peace that effort. It was begun in the mid-1970)s. volumes will be composed of the most sig- movement during the war, her leadership with the support of the NHPC's successor, nificant documents from the life and work of the Woman's Peace Party and the the National Historical Publications and of Addams. These will be accompanied by Woman's International League for Peace Records Commission (NHPRC); the National appropriate editorial commentary and an- and Freedom, and her dedication to the Endowment for the Humanities (NEH): and notation, and each volume will include a international woman's peace movement private foundations. Headquartered initially description of the editorial principles and world peace. In the three publica- in the restored Jane Addams Hull-House, employed by the editors, appropriate illus- tions-the microfilm edition, the compre- located on the Chicago campus of the trations, a bibliography, and an index. hensive guide for scholars, and the selected University of Illinois, the editors agreed to The first volume, The Selected Papers of identify, gather, organize, annotate, and Jane Addams.: Preparing to Lead, 1860- make the Addams papers available to the 1881, will be issued this year by the widest possible audience. University of Illinois Press. It is composed The task would have been relatively easy of documents that shed light on the first 21 if all of the Jane Addams papers (defined as years of Jane Addams' life, and also reveals documents that were sent to, produced by, the experiences and tforces that shaped the or held by Jane Addams) had been carefully youngAddams and prepared her for a life of saved in one place. They were not. After leadership and commitment to the demo- conducting an especially designed and cratic ideal. exhaustive national search of public and Selections from correspondence, diaries, private archives, historical societies, and clippings, and Addams' essays offer readers libraries; digging through the attics, trunks, the opportunitW to consider the activities boxes, and file drawers of Addams' friends and influences of Jane Addams' childhood and family; and conducting an international and youth and to investigate the environ- search of appropriate collections, the edi- ment in which she grew to maturity, includ- tor-detectives gathered photocopies of ing the community of Cedarville, its institu- more than 150,000 documents that fit their tions and people, and the Addams and definition. By the mid-1980s, these docu- Haldeman family dynamic that swirled ments became the 82-reel microfilm edition around the young Addams. At Rockford of The Jane Addamns Papers issued by Female Seminary, Jane Addams formed Portrait of Jane Addams b& Helen Balfor llMorrison, ca. 1931. From the authors collec- tJniversitv Microfilms International. female friendships among classmates and tion. Recognizing that this mass of informa- teachers that would last her entire lifetime. tion might be overwhelming to many, the Here she progressed through a challenging print edition for both scholars and the gen- editors planned their next publication as a curriculum and took an active role in the eral reading public-the editors expect to guide to the microfilm edition. Issued by development of higlher education for women bring the words, contributions, and life of Indiana UJniversity Press, The Jane Addams in the Lrnited States as she helped Rockford one of American's extraordinary women to Papers:A Comprehensive Guide (1996) pro- Female Seminary Principal Anna P Sill move a much wider world. a, vides finding aids and reference tools to the seminary to college status. Addams was help readers gain access to the microfilm. aware that she was part of a new wave of At its core is a subject-correspondent index women steeped in an education that fitted to the correspondence of Jane Addams. It them for roles outside of a traditional fami- also contains an outline of the organization ly structure. Her challenge was identifying N.\in LS\\ 131 A\A' . " Iii: l )ll(Tl 0l ' l il: .Ji\i' of the microfilm edition, a bibliography of the part she would play. .41lLt I P1~]~ Iii:'S. and index to the writings and speeches of In the volumes to come, the editors will Jane Addams, information on the provenance reveal how Addams met that challenge.

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JaneAddains talking with children on the steps of the Hull-House residents'dininghall, ca. 1930. Fromi the collectioni of Mary Lynn Bryan. editor of The Papers of Jane Addams. A related article begins on page 18.