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Cyber Warfare a “Nuclear Option”?
CYBER WARFARE A “NUCLEAR OPTION”? ANDREW F. KREPINEVICH CYBER WARFARE: A “NUCLEAR OPTION”? BY ANDREW KREPINEVICH 2012 © 2012 Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. All rights reserved. About the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments The Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (CSBA) is an independent, nonpartisan policy research institute established to promote innovative thinking and debate about national security strategy and investment options. CSBA’s goal is to enable policymakers to make informed decisions on matters of strategy, secu- rity policy and resource allocation. CSBA provides timely, impartial, and insight- ful analyses to senior decision makers in the executive and legislative branches, as well as to the media and the broader national security community. CSBA encour- ages thoughtful participation in the development of national security strategy and policy, and in the allocation of scarce human and capital resources. CSBA’s analysis and outreach focus on key questions related to existing and emerging threats to US national security. Meeting these challenges will require transforming the national security establishment, and we are devoted to helping achieve this end. About the Author Dr. Andrew F. Krepinevich, Jr. is the President of the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, which he joined following a 21-year career in the U.S. Army. He has served in the Department of Defense’s Office of Net Assessment, on the personal staff of three secretaries of defense, the National Defense Panel, the Defense Science Board Task Force on Joint Experimentation, and the Defense Policy Board. He is the author of 7 Deadly Scenarios: A Military Futurist Explores War in the 21st Century and The Army and Vietnam. -
The Revolution in Military Affairs: Prospects and Cautions
THE REVOLUTION IN MILITARY AFFAIRS: PROSPECTS AND CAUTIONS Earl H. Tilford, Jr. June 23, 1995 ******* The views expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This report is cleared for public release; distribution is unlimited. ******* Comments pertaining to this report are invited and should be forwarded to: Director, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, Carlisle Barracks, PA 17013-5050. Comments also may be conveyed directly to the author by calling commercial (717) 245-4086 or DSN 242-4086. LL FOREWORD The current Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) is taking place against the background of a larger historical watershed involving the end of the Cold War and the advent of what Alvin and Heidi Toffler have termed "the Information Age." In this essay, Dr. Earl Tilford argues that RMAs are driven by more than breakthrough technologies, and that while the technological component is important, a true revolution in the way military institutions organize, equip and train for war, and in the way war is itself conducted, depends on the confluence of political, social, and technological factors. After an overview of the dynamics of the RMA, Dr. Tilford makes the case that interservice rivalry and a reintroduction of the managerial ethos, this time under the guise of total quality management (TQM), may be the consequences of this revolution. In the final analysis, warfare is quintessentially a human endeavor. Technology and technologically sophisticated weapons are only means to an end. -
For Immediate Release
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE WEST POINT ASSOCIATION OF GRADUATES ANNOUNCES 2020 DISTINGUISHED GRADUATE AWARD RECIPIENTS WEST POINT, NY: March 5, 2020 – The West Point Association of Graduates (WPAOG) has named the 2020 recipients of the Distinguished Graduate Award. This annual award has been bestowed upon those West Point graduates whose character, distinguished service and stature draw wholesome comparison to the qualities for which West Point strives, in keeping with its motto: “Duty, Honor, Country.” The awards will be presented in a ceremony at West Point on May 19, 2020. The 2020 Distinguished Graduate Award Recipients are: Richard A. Nowak ’64 – Many know Richard “Dick” Nowak as an All-American two-way Army football player, a two-time Hammond Award winner (team’s top lineman), and the captain of the 1963 squad. But, as Scott Beaty ’73, President of the West Point Society of North Texas, says, “After his distinguished athletic career, his passion for excellence has been evident in everything he has done.” Nowak completed Ranger School, served in combat in Vietnam with the 1st Infantry Division, and completed his service on the USMA staff and faculty. After leaving the Army in 1971 as a captain, Nowak went to work as a personnel manager for Martin Marietta Co. and later completed an MBA at the University of Denver. He then rose through the corporate ranks, currently serving as Chief Operating Officer of Standard Industries, the largest roofing materials and waterproofing manufacturer in the world, innovating industry changes during his tenure. Throughout this time, Nowak never forgot his local West Point Society (North Texas), the West Point Association of Graduates, or his class. -
The Chinese People's Liberation Army in 2025
The Chinese People’s Liberation Army in 2025 The Chinese People’s The Chinese People’s Liberation Army in 2025 FOR THIS AND OTHER PUBLICATIONS, VISIT US AT http://www.carlisle.army.mil/ U.S. ARMY WAR COLLEGE David Lai Roy Kamphausen Editors: Editors: UNITED STATES Roy Kamphausen ARMY WAR COLLEGE PRESS David Lai This Publication SSI Website USAWC Website Carlisle Barracks, PA and The United States Army War College The United States Army War College educates and develops leaders for service at the strategic level while advancing knowledge in the global application of Landpower. The purpose of the United States Army War College is to produce graduates who are skilled critical thinkers and complex problem solvers. Concurrently, it is our duty to the U.S. Army to also act as a “think factory” for commanders and civilian leaders at the strategic level worldwide and routinely engage in discourse and debate concerning the role of ground forces in achieving national security objectives. The Strategic Studies Institute publishes national security and strategic research and analysis to influence policy debate and bridge the gap between military and academia. The Center for Strategic Leadership and Development CENTER for contributes to the education of world class senior STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP and DEVELOPMENT leaders, develops expert knowledge, and provides U.S. ARMY WAR COLLEGE solutions to strategic Army issues affecting the national security community. The Peacekeeping and Stability Operations Institute provides subject matter expertise, technical review, and writing expertise to agencies that develop stability operations concepts and doctrines. U.S. Army War College The Senior Leader Development and Resiliency program supports the United States Army War College’s lines of SLDR effort to educate strategic leaders and provide well-being Senior Leader Development and Resiliency education and support by developing self-awareness through leader feedback and leader resiliency. -
THE VULNERABLE Our Military Problems and How to Fix Them
AMERICA THE VULNERABLE Our Military Problems And How To Fix Them EDITED BY JOHN F. LEHMAN AND HARVEY SICHERMAN FOREIGN POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE PHILADELPHIA Dedication On a sad note, Colonel Harry G. Summers Jr., U.S. Army (ret.), who penned the article dealing with operations, procurement, and the defense industrial base and sat as a panelist for our second conference, passed away on November 14, 1999. Colonel Summers, a veteran of the Korean and Vietnam Wars, was the recipient of two Legions of Merit, the Silver Star, three Bronze Stars, two Purple Hearts, two Air Medals, and two awards of the Combat Infantryman’s Badge, and also authored numerous books, articles, and columns. He was, in short, the quintessential soldier- scholar. We dedicate this volume to his memory. TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface vii John H. Ball America the Vulnerable 1 John F. Lehman and Harvey Sicherman Roles and Missions 12 Donald Kagan Superpowers Don’t Do Windows 27 John Hillen The U.S. Presumption of Quick, Costless Wars 48 Andrew P. N. Erdmann Operations, Procurement, and Industrial Base 73 Harry G. Summers Jr. Civil-Military Relations 84 Eliot A. Cohen The U.S. Military Must Find Its Voice 96 Sam C. Sarkesian An Uninformed Debate on Military Culture 115 Don M. Snider Does Military Culture Matter? 134 Williamson Murray Must U.S. Military Culture Reform? 152 John Hillen The Case for National Missile Defense 171 Keith B. Payne v AMERICA THE VULNERABLE Rethinking Bio-Chemical Dangers 182 Henry Sokolski PREFACE Bad Medicine for Biological Terror 196 Andrew J. Bacevich Asymmetrical Adversaries 215 In 1996, the Foreign Policy Research Institute convened a Defense Winn Schwartau Task Force composed of distinguished scholars and practitioners The Risks of a Networked Military 225 to examine the increasingly important debates over U.S. -
U.S.-China Relations in 2019: a Year in Review
CONGRESSIONAL TESTIMONY U.S.-China Relations in 2019: A Year in Review BY ANDREW F. KREPINEVICH, JR. Senior Fellow, Hudson Institute Testimony before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission September 2019 Key Trends in U.S.-China Second, we are witnessing the maturation of the precision- strike regime, which was introduced in its earliest form by Military Competition the United States military in the First Gulf War. After nearly 30 years of dominating this form of warfare, characterized and Their Implications by battle networks and precision-strike systems—what The character of the Sino-American military competition is Russian military theorists call a “reconnaissance-strike dynamic and open-ended. This is very unlikely to change complex”—these capabilities are being fielded by other over the foreseeable future. There are several principal militaries, with the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) reasons for this. constituting the leading, or pacing, threat. This trend is highly unfavorable to the U.S. armed forces, as it First, the competition is open-ended in that the two represents the loss of several key advantages in the overall powers have conflicting fundamental interests and military competition. In particular, the PLA is deploying objectives that neither are willing to abandon. They also anti-access/area-denial (A2/AD) capabilities designed to have the means to pursue these interests over an extended shift the military balance in the Western Pacific increasingly period of time. Thus the military competition will likely be in China’s favor.1 protracted, with all that this implies for crafting an effective defense strategy. -
Maritime Competition in a Mature Precision-Strike Regime
MARITIME WARFARE IN A MATURE PRECISION-STRIKE REGIME ANDREW F. KREPINEVICH 2014 ABOUT THE CENTER FOR STRATEGIC AND BUDGETARY ASSESSMENTS The Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (CSBA) is an independent, non- partisan policy research institute established to promote innovative thinking and debate about national security strategy and investment options. CSBA’s analysis focuses on key questions related to existing and emerging threats to U.S. national security, and its goal is to enable policymakers to make informed decisions on matters of strategy, security policy, and resource allocation. © 2014 Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. All rights reserved. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Andrew Krepinevich is President of the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. He assumed this position in 1993, following a 21-year career in the U.S. Army. Dr. Krepinevich has served in the Department of Defense’s Office of Net Assessment, and on the personal staff of three secretaries of defense. He has also served as a member of the National Defense Panel, the Defense Science Board Task Force on Joint Experimentation, the Joint Forces Command Advisory Board, and the Defense Policy Board. He currently serves on the Chief of Naval Operations' (CNO's) Advisory Board and on the Army Special Operations Command's Advisory Board. Dr. Krepinevich frequently contributes to print and broadcast media. He has lectured before a wide range of professional and academic audiences, and has served as a consultant on mil- itary affairs for many senior government officials, including several secretaries of defense, the CIA’s National Intelligence Council, and all four military services. -
The Military-Technical Revolution: a Preliminary Assessment
The Military-Technical Revolution: A Preliminary Assessment Andrew F. Krepinevich, Jr. 1730 Rhode Island Avenue, NW, Suite 912 Washington, DC 20036 The Military-Technical Revolution A Preliminary Assessment by Andrew F. Krepinevich, Jr. Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments 2002 ABOUT THE CENTER FOR STRATEGIC AND BUDGETARY ASSESSMENTS The Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments is an independent public policy research institute established to promote innovative thinking about defense planning and investment strategies for the 21st century. CSBA’s analytic-based research makes clear the inextricable link between defense strategies and budgets in fostering a more effective and efficient defense, and the need to transform the US military in light of the emerging military revolution. CSBA is directed by Dr. Andrew F. Krepinevich and funded by foundation, corporate and individual grants and contributions, and government contracts. 1730 Rhode Island Ave., NW Suite 912 Washington, DC 20036 (202) 331-7990 http://www.csbaonline.org CONTENTS FOREWORD ......................................................................................................................... I AUTHOR’S INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... III I. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1 II. MILITARY-TECHNICAL REVOLUTIONS, PAST AND PRESENT ............................................. 3 A. Military-Technical -
Archipelagic Defense Archipelagic Defense the Japan-U.S
Archipelagic Defense Archipelagic Defense Archipelagic Defense The Japan-U.S. Alliance and Preserving Peace and Stability in the Western Pacific The Japan-U.S. Alliance and Preserving Peace and Stability in the Western Pacific and StabilityWestern in the Peace Alliance and Preserving The Japan-U.S. Andrew F. Krepinevich, Jr. Japan-U.S. Program Archipelagic Defense The Japan-U.S. Alliance and Preserving Peace and Stability in the Western Pacific Andrew F. Krepinevich, Jr. Table of Contents Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................4 Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................5 Introduction ...............................................................................................................................10 Why Archipelagic Defense? ...................................................................................10 Limitations of the Enterprise ..................................................................................13 Structure .................................................................................................................14 Chapter 1: Sources of Chinese Behavior .................................................................................16 Economic Growth: A Weakening Pillar .................................................................16 Nationalism: The Sturdy Pillar ..............................................................................19 -
I COUNTERINSURGENCY in VIETNAM, AFGHANISTAN, AND
COUNTERINSURGENCY IN VIETNAM, AFGHANISTAN, AND IRAQ: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS by BRIAN CHRISTOPHER DARLING A capstone submitted to the Graduate School–Camden Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Graduate Program in Liberal Studies written under the direction of Professor Martin Clemis and approved by _________________ Martin Clemis _________________ Stuart Charmé Camden, New Jersey May 2014 i ABSTRACT OF THE CAPSTONE Counterinsurgency in Vietnam, Afghanistan, and Iraq: A Critical Analysis By: BRIAN DARLING Capstone Advisor: Professor Martin Clemis Counterinsurgency, in theory and practice, has been a popular topic in the defense community for the past several years. Historians like Mark Moyar and Andrew Krepinevich, Jr. have spent their careers writing about counterinsurgency operations during the Vietnam War, and advocating and promoting specific interpretations based on the lessons learned during that conflict to the Global War on Terror. The recent revival of counterinsurgency strategy and tactics has raised a number of significant questions. For example, under what circumstances should counterinsurgency operations be conducted? Should counter- guerilla operations have a permanent place in the training of the United States military? Are counterinsurgency operations ethical? This paper will seek to define counterinsurgency, and to analyze the application of counterinsurgency to the modern battlefield. ii PREFACE This capstone project is the culmination, not just of my time at Rutgers as a graduate student, but also of my adult education. I have deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan since September 11th, 2011. I read some of the works listed in the bibliography of this Capstone Project while mobilizing through Fort Bliss, Texas; I read some in my downtime at Camp Atterbury, Indiana, and Fort Polk, Louisiana. -
Jaffe – Sea Air Battle Vs China 2012
http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/us-model-for-a-future-war-fans- tensions-with-china-and-inside-pentagon/2012/08/01/gJQAC6F8PX_print.html U.S. model for a future war fans tensions with China and inside Pentagon By Greg Jaffe, Published: August 1 When President Obama called on the U.S. military to shift its focus to Asia earlier this year, Andrew Marshall, a 91-year-old futurist, had a vision of what to do. Marshall’s small office in the Pentagon has spent the past two decades planning for a war against an angry, aggressive and heavily armed China. No one had any idea how the war would start. But the American response, laid out in a concept that one of Marshall’s longtime proteges dubbed “Air-Sea Battle,” was clear. Stealthy American bombers and submarines would knock out China’s long-range surveillance radar and precision missile systems located deep inside the country. The initial “blinding campaign” would be followed by a larger air and naval assault. The concept, the details of which are classified, has angered the Chinese military and has been pilloried by some Army and Marine Corps officers as excessively expensive. Some Asia analysts worry that conventional strikes aimed at China could spark a nuclear war. Air-Sea Battle drew little attention when U.S. troops were fighting and dying in large numbers in Iraq and Afghanistan. Now the military’s decade of battling insurgencies is ending, defense budgets are being cut, and top military officials, ordered to pivot toward Asia, are looking to Marshall’s office for ideas. -
The Decline of Deterrence
The Decline of Deterrence Andrew Krepinevich, Jr. March 2019 Senior Fellow The Decline of Deterrence Andrew F. Krepinevich, Jr. Senior Fellow © 2019 Hudson Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. For more information about obtaining additional copies of this or other Hudson Institute publications, please visit Hudson’s website, www.hudson.org ABOUT HUDSON INSTITUTE Hudson Institute is a research organization promoting American leadership and global engagement for a secure, free, and prosperous future. Founded in 1961 by strategist Herman Kahn, Hudson Institute challenges conventional thinking and helps manage strategic transitions to the future through interdisciplinary studies in defense, international relations, economics, health care, technology, culture, and law. Hudson seeks to guide public policy makers and global leaders in government and business through a vigorous program of publications, conferences, policy briefings and recommendations. Visit www.hudson.org for more information. Hudson Institute 1201 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. Suite 400 Washington, D.C. 20004 P: 202.974.2400 [email protected] www.hudson.org Table of Contents Acknowledgments............................................................................................................... 4 Acronyms ............................................................................................................................ 5 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................ 6 The Shifting Geopolitical