Universidade Federal Do Ceará Instituto De Cultura E Arte Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Comunicação Mestrado Em Comunicação

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Universidade Federal Do Ceará Instituto De Cultura E Arte Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Comunicação Mestrado Em Comunicação UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO CEARÁ INSTITUTO DE CULTURA E ARTE PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM COMUNICAÇÃO MESTRADO EM COMUNICAÇÃO JORGE COUTO DE ALENCAR CHANBARA: A ATMOSFERA NOS FILMES DE SAMURAI DO SÉCULO XXI FORTALEZA 2017 JORGE COUTO DE ALENCAR CHANBARA: A ATMOSFERA NOS FILMES DE SAMURAI DO SÉCULO XXI Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Comunicação, do Instituto de Cultura e Arte da Universidade Federal do Ceará, como requisito parcial para obtenção do Título de Mestre em Comunicação. Área de concentração: Comunicação e Linguagens. Linha de Pesquisa: Fotografia e Audiovisual. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Marcelo Dídimo Souza Vieira FORTALEZA 2017 JORGE COUTO DE ALENCAR CHANBARA: A ATMOSFERA NOS FILMES DE SAMURAI DO SÉCULO XXI Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Comunicação, do Instituto de Cultura e Arte da Universidade Federal do Ceará, como requisito parcial para obtenção do Título de Mestre em Comunicação. Área de concentração: Comunicação e Linguagens. Linha de Pesquisa: Fotografia e Audiovisual. Aprovada em: __ / __ / ____. BANCA EXAMINADORA _________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Marcelo Dídimo Souza Vieira (Orientador) Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) _________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Marcio Acselrad Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) / Universidade de Fortaleza (UNIFOR) _________________________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. India Mara Martins Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) À minha mãe Ana Júlia. Obrigado por sempre ter estado ao meu lado. AGRADECIMENTOS À CAPES, pelo importante apoio financeiro com a manutenção da bolsa de auxílio. Ao Prof. Dr. Marcelo Dídimo Souza Vieira, pela excelente orientação, sem a qual esse trabalho não seria possível. Aos professores participantes da Banca examinadora Marcio Acselrad e India Mara Martins, pelas valiosas sugestões e colaborações. Aos meus pais, Eldon e Ana Júlia; minha madrasta Iracema e meus irmãos Elana, Gisele, Paulo e Saulo, por todo apoio recebido nessa jornada. RESUMO A Chanbara, gênero cinematográfico japonês, popularmente conhecido no ocidente como cinema de samurai, tem como uma de suas principais características a atmosfera cinematográfica, preocupação recorrente do cinema do Japão. O presente trabalho procura aprofundar os estudos sobre o tema no cinema japonês do século XXI, através da pesquisa histórica e análise fílmica. O primeiro foco da pesquisa é entender as características que tornam o cinema produzido no Japão único e quais as particularidades do samurai, um personagem importante para a identidade japonesa e fundamental no cinema de Chanbara. Terminada a parte histórica, a pesquisa voltou atenção para os elementos da atmosfera cinematográfica e sua importância para o cinema de gênero. Em seguida, foi realizada uma análise da criação da atmosfera cinematográfica dos filmes 13 Assassinos (Takashi Miike, 2010) e O Samurai do Entardecer (Yoji Yamada, 2002), obras do século XXI que mereceram seu devido destaque no cinema japonês e no gênero Chanbara. Palavras-chave: Cinema. Atmosfera. Samurai. Japão. ABSTRACT Chanbara, the Japanese film genre popularly known in the West as samurai cinema, has as one of its main characteristics the cinematographic atmosphere, a recurring concern of Japanese cinema. This work seeks to deepen the studies on the subject in Japanese cinema of the 21st century through Historical research and film analysis. The first focus of the research is to understand the characteristics that make the cinema produced in Japan unique and what are the peculiarities of the samurai, an important character for the Japanese identity and fundamental in Chanbara cinema. After the historical part, the research turned its attention to the elements of the cinematographic atmosphere and its importance for genre cinema. Then, an analysis was made of the creation of the cinematic atmosphere of the films 13 Assassins (Takashi Miike, 2010) and The Twilight Samurai (Yoji Yamada, 2002), works of the 21st century that deserved their prominence in Japanese cinema and the Chanbara genre. Keywords: Cinema. Atmosphere. Samurai. Japan. LISTA DE ILUSTRAÇÕES Figura 1- Arthur Kipps caminha pela vila de Crythin Gifford - A Mulher de Preto (James Watkins, 2010) ......................................................................................................................... 54 Figura 2- Mansão Eel Marsh - A Mulher de Preto (James Watkins, 2010) ............................. 54 Figura 3- Judeus dentro de um campo de concentração - A Lista de Schindler (Steven Spielberg, 1993) ....................................................................................................................... 66 Figura 4- Vulto do assassino - Psicose (Alfred Hitchcock, 1960)............................................ 71 Figura 5- Marion Crane sendo atacada durante o banho - Psicose (Alfred Hitchcock, 1960) . 71 Figura 6- Close-up do rosto de Marion durante o ataque - Psicose (Alfred Hitchcock, 1960) 72 Figura 7- Faca atingindo barriga de Marion Crane - Psicose (Alfred Hitchcock, 1960) ......... 72 Figura 8- Procissão do enterro andando na neve ...................................................................... 80 Figura 9- Interior da casa de Seibei Iguchi ............................................................................... 81 Figura 10 - Kayano e Seibei conversam ................................................................................... 82 Figura 11- Ito observa o pai e a irmã enquanto avó dorme ...................................................... 83 Figura 12- Seibei, Kayano e Ito na sala .................................................................................... 83 Figura 13- Tomoe brinca com as crianças ................................................................................ 85 Figura 14- Tomoe janta com Seibei e sua família .................................................................... 85 Figura 15- Seibei Iguchi e Toyotaro Koda se preparam para iniciar o duelo ........................... 87 Figura 16- Tomoe, Kayano e Ito .............................................................................................. 87 Figura 17- Tomoe faz faxina junto com Kayano e Ito ............................................................. 88 Figura 18- Seibei Iguchi se apresenta para falar com seu superior .......................................... 89 Figura 19 -Tomoe penteia o cabelo de Seibei para o duelo...................................................... 90 Figura 20- Seibei confessa seu amor por Tomoe ..................................................................... 91 Figura 21- Entrada da casa de Zenemon Yogo com um homem morto perto da porta ............ 91 Figura 22- Interior da casa de Yogo ......................................................................................... 92 Figura 23- Seibei Iguchi e Zenemon Yogo conversam sentados no chão ................................ 92 Figura 24- Altar que Yogo mantém para sua filha dentro de casa ........................................... 93 Figura 25- Reação de Zenemon Yogo ao saber que Seibei carrega uma espada de bambu ..... 94 Figura 26-Câmera enquadra divisória de madeira na luta de Seibei e Yogo fora de cena ....... 95 Figura 27- Seibei e Yogo quebram a divisória duranta a luta e entram em cena ..................... 95 Figura 28- Seibei finalmente desembainha sua espada ............................................................ 96 Figura 29- Seibei e Yogo lutam ................................................................................................ 96 Figura 30- Com Seibei no chão, Yogo se prepara seu golpe final ........................................... 97 Figura 31- Espada de Yogo fica presa ao teto impedindo que ele mate Seibei ........................ 97 Figura 32- Seibei olha para o corpo morto de Yogo ................................................................ 98 Figura 33- Seibei olha para o corpo morto de Yogo ................................................................ 98 Figura 34- Ito coloca flores e acende incenso no túmulo de Seibei e Tomoe .......................... 99 Figura 35- Ito Iguchi adulta .................................................................................................... 100 Figura 36- Letreiro inicial ...................................................................................................... 104 Figura 37- Brasão do Clã Tokugawa ...................................................................................... 104 Figura 38- Mamiya Zusho se prepara para cometer Harakiri ................................................. 105 Figura 39- Anciões falam sobre o harakiri de Mamiya .......................................................... 107 Figura 40- Doi Toshitsura parcialmente iluminado ................................................................ 108 Figura 41- Shimada Shinzaemon e Doi Toshitsura ................................................................ 108 Figura 42- Matsudaira Naritsugu caminha em um corredor escuro ....................................... 110 Figura 43- Matsudaira Naritsugu após cometer estupro ......................................................... 110 Figura 44- Mulher nas sombras .............................................................................................. 111 Figura 45- Mulher com o rosto iluminado pela chama da vela .............................................. 112 Figura 46- Pergaminho com a inscrição
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