~Ec EPISCOPAL CHURCHPEOPLE for a FREE SOUTHERN AFRICA s 339 Lafayette Street A Phone: (212) 477-0066 New York, N.Y. 10012 24 JULY 1985 THE EME~ENCY ORJ)5R IS ''TO.ENSURc THAT A NORMAL COMMUN\TV LIFE tS REcSTABUSHEP'' . ·.' . . ' ' ''' . '.-.;80~ ' THE OBSERVER,. SUNDAY 2.1 JULY 1e~1!' ~· - :. . .~ ... ' .-~- ~ .,._. ...,.,._ .:·.. ··,~ "':: .~.. . '":.: ·-_-....:...., ..~ OUVER TAMBO·: ' Call f~r pollee to reblr· Blilcks urged: -~=;.e.~~~.;;;'.. . ' 1 In the growing ·tempO ·of·: to sabotage, · ,,, , violeDce,.white' bit squads' ire ·· ·. :making their~- ReJi.,',;; ::--·:..: :~:==~~~:- . founded reports that a bladr;,~ factories· .. ' ··~ Anglican _c:hurchmau,iD Jolwl.,..: · nesburg, ,Bishop , . Silpeoii;' · by Our ~fries Correspo "dent ~e, h;BS , been :put ~.. ~ ., .. ··,:·•· murder Jist.- . .,, ., -~ ,;_t. ; WORKERs iii sOuth Afri- ; ~Cpresideut'OJi:verTambO;; ',;_· can. factories· have been :~at a_amference list IDO!!th:i: · . b '---'-'Afri .. , , . . . · m Zambia that the blaclt police· -urged Ythe ~ can :J'h ANC ailmitS: that the . should' t1irn their guDS against. : . National
--;i{e CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR TUESDAY; JULy 23, 1985 I SG Africa's economy besetby,)~~~Q~and_opgoing·biack unrest· • • • .• • •. , •• ' ._:.,_ ••• •' ~- • --. -~ . • ~_,_. .- ,.r .~ -. • •. • • ••• •• • • • • By Pllt,icl\J.- only registered uiJemployinent, bUt. the · · be made gOOd by drawing on 'South Afri· ~ "''11'!' ~-Science Moollcr main component is dJl1'egistered black uil.' .. : . ca's gold and foreign exchange reserves Or • c • JohMinesburg employment and underemployment.. · . '' . · ··· by borrowing money abroad. 1'wv things dominate· the South Afri· . It bas been conaervativl\ly .estimlited: .Explosive unrest in the black town· can horizon: growing unrest in black by some aDalysts tbat :there are a Iliini;; · · ships which began laSt year has only townships and arl economy in a state of ·mum. of 3 milliOn unemployed ·blacks-Jn .. · made things worse. It diverted resources severe recession._ But there are hopes. ·SOuth Africa's black hoiDe18nds, about 60 '- · imd discouraged foreign _iilvestment. The · among economists that by early next year jlercent of blaCks are unemployed, says : , groWing disinvestment campaigil in the the reeession will begin to lift. · . Prof. Jeremy K~ of u,Hi. University of . United States is making recovery that 'fhe extent Of the present recession· js the WiLwaieiSI&ad. · .. : , r·. . . . ',- ·. much more difficult. manifest in the decline of retail sales by· "Now it's just Worse,"· say's an econo- On the positive side economists point 2.5 :percent in the first quarter of 1985 mist with a major bank, ClOIIIIDenting on but that exports have increased with the compared to last year. New car sales fell the impact of the: present a!cesSion on result that the annualized surplus for I 985 b_y a hefty 30 percent over the same pe- black unemplOyment. _ . .. . . is being projected at between 4 and 5 bil· riod. Martufacturing was 5 percent lower. But. economists.livei; the .outlook is lion rand, helping reduce South Africa's Cut.backs in building and construCtion not entirely glOOI!lf. The fall in the 'value . balanCe-of-payments debt. also have occurred. ·' -· of the rand as measured against foleign stead, as one· economic analyst noted, the_ Other Sectors in the economy, like gold Inflation, as measured )Jy: the ·con., currencies, particulai:ly the US dollar, has. economy was temporarily "frozen" in· - the price of which remains high in rand · s~cr price .in~ex, bas riseh-.10 percent led to a decline in imports of 20 percent. _· steadofmerelycooleddown. . terms- are reasons for optimism. smce the beginning of last year and is run· helping to stem the outflow of money. A conjunction of economically hostile The drought has largely broken and ning at more than ·16 per'aint. : The immediate cause of the present r& faCtors in I 983 exacerbated the situation: the projected grain harvest for 1985 iS in According ·to economist N'JCO cession is largely the overspending in late the falling price of gold, coal, and iron ore excess of domestic demand, thus holding Cyzpionaka. ' "The broad·based contrac· 1983 and early 1984 funded by ~'domestic and the worst drought in decades. Last out the hope of exporting grain. tion of activity in three major segmentS of · ciedit extension and borrOwing abroad," year South Africa had to import corn. · Most impOrtant is the government's employment - retail trade manufactor-- as one economist put it. . · · . · · Net outflow of. capital further docu- determination to cut back on state expen· ing industry, and building ~nstruction :-' That period saw a sharp 'deprecistion ments South Africa's economic problems.. · dituro. "The 1985 budget, introduced has led to a substantial buildup in the in the rand which,- in tum, prompted the In-the firs!; quartet of I985 there was an after three successive years of high infla· IUlmber of unemployed workers." Rese'rve Bank to attempt cooling down outflow o£2.4 billion rlmd (about $1.2 bil· .tion and little or no real growth, may . Unemployment is difficult to quantify · the economy by pushing up the prime bor· , lion) against' an inflow of 1.3 billion Jlllld. prove to mark a turning point in our eco m South Africa. Official figures reflect lowing rate from 22 to 25 percent. In- - The 1.1 billion rand shortfall will ~ve to nomic affairs," Mr. Relly said. , The Rev. Beyezos Naude
The South African Council of Churches at it's annual national conference of 27 June 1985 decided to send an urgent telex to the State President of South Africa as a response to the deaths and injured on the East Rand on 26 June 1985 as follows ••••
1 Stating that according to information received by the conference, we believe that the view of the people (of the . East Rand) that violertc:;e was. perpetratr-ed. from tn~ side of · ·theauthorities·, mt.:tst.be taken seriously ... '
2 Demanding an immediate withdrawal of the members of the South African Defence Force and Riot Police from the black townships, and that he
The telex is signed by the General Secretary of the South African Council of Churches, Dr Beyers Naude. 339 Lafayette Street -For A Free Soutllem Africa- New York, N.Y. 10012
Phone: (212) 477-0066
State President P W Botha sent the following letter to the South African Council of Churches on 1 July 1985 in reply to our demand as telexed • My reply to his letter also telexed herewith:
"Dr C F B Naude General Secretary South African Council of Churches P 0 Box 31190 Braamfontein 2017
I am rather surprised-at the way in which you and certain representatives of the churches which belong to the South African Council of Churches, take it upon yourselves to instruct the government and other organisations on how to act in the interest of South Africa.
You have no mandate to assume this arrogant attitude on the national affairs of South Africa. You should decide whether you are a church organisation or political activist group.
You .demand the withdrawal of members of the South African Defence Force and South African police from black townships, where they operate to protect law-abiding citizens. At the same time you enjoy the security they guarantee for you to express whatever irresponsible opinions you may wish to express under the cloak of religion. ·
You are playing into the hands of South Africa's enemies and I wish to denounce this attitude, because you are not,-· representative of the vast majority of law-abiding South Africans.
I must warn you against irresponsible actions because this country cannot afford to be subjected to such malicious propaganda on your part.
Yours faithfully
State President" "The State President Union Buildings Pretoria
Your Excellency
_I herewith acknowledge receipt o~ your letter o~ 1 July 1985 in reply to the telex o~ the South A~rican Council o~ Churches o~ 27 June- 1985 sent on behal~ o~ its National Con~erence. In replying I have to state -t:hat I deeply regret __ _ your reaction both as regards the contents_and the tone thereo~. The contents o~ the telex verbally conveyed a resolution passed by the con~erence a~ter a debate which re~lected ~eelings not o~ arrogance but o~ intense anguish and a deep concern o~ christioan leaders seeking to achieve peace with justice ~or the whole o~ South A~rica, black and white.
The mandate we as a Council and as a Con~erence hold is to portray truth~ully the demands o~ the gospel which pertain to every sphere o~ li~e and the need ~or both church and state to be obedient to the rule o~ God. Where the rule o~ man is in contradiction with the rule o~ God Our action as a church organisation was motivated by this deep christian concern and as such it is not an action o~ political activism but a moral responsibility which we are obliged by God to ~ul~ill. The con~erence did not demand the withdrawal o~ the South A~rican Police as such because we have never questioned its responsibility to execute its normal duties. Our concern re~erred to the role o~ the Riot--· Police in situations o~ con~lict and unrest in the townships based on the evidence o~ the reations o~ widespread anger of residents created by its presence and actions. ------We reject in the strongest,_. terms your accusation that we are playing into the hands of South A~rica·s enemies. We are convinced that it is the policy o~ Apartheid which contributes more than anything else to such enmity which does not originate ~rom outside the country but which above all emanates ~rom within. We believe that we as a Council re~lect truth~ully the ~eelings o~ the majority o~ Christians o~ South A~rica through the leadership o~ the member churches o~ the Council and that we speak in great responsibility ~or, i~ we do not speak, the stones will cry out. Further consideration will be given to the contents o~ your letter at the next meeting o~ our executive. C F B Naude General Secretary S A Council. o~ Churches 2 July 1985 .. THE GUARDIAN Printed .in London and Manchester Wednesday July 17 1985 25p Daily blood-letting lllarks path to· -war TWICE dally, at noon and atones and then atoned BEHIND . SoUth African poUce !aUla of deaths and opment board olftces. dumpo year-old white nurse drlvina pollee ens. ing their night soil bueketa on a nearbf road wu OfTeStlr, o •torv o/ tnror Gnd countet'·temn' u grnduoUII dragged· out o her ear and ~rv]';lo~h.~ ~ Pfi!~ r~::J~:: "The crowd was disponed emergfng, report, David Beresford from 1olumnabu1'g. there as a protest. with tear-smoke and rubber During the march a youth ·beaten up, dying lwo days ro~~~: ~::~'1:'1·'~~~t ~[~: bullets. One black woman was shot dead. allegedly by a later in hospital. at ion report". Dry, sprue of was ldlled and 21 men black policeman. That night Those, at least. are some detail. the reports sometimes wounded. medically treated Johannesllurc. the South AI· ploslons or etrht youna stu· of the stories which have rlcan Pres• Aasoelatlon a mob burned down the fall to take their rl&hUul and arrested for public Ylo dents and the dramatic houses or two black olllcers. been reported. Others related places on newspaper front lenee . . . In Darllncton. reported. The woman was scenes which attended their by township residents and a reportedly bit In the head as Since then. tlt·for·tat ex· pages. displaced by the near Fort Beaufort, the funerals last week-includin~t changes have reduced the handful or courageous black national moumln&, amonc charred body suspected to be the crowd stampeded away further killnp or mourners report~rs. able to mix with from pollee ualne teareas. townsbip to something of a whites, ovrr the cancellation that or a black person, wu and the sight or the Nobel battleground ; a no·go area the community, paint a pic· or the All Black'a tour, or discovered by pollee under a Pollee could not confirm or peace prlze.wlnner, Blshor. ture of a pollee force - dear the lncldenl for whites, where black reports on the state of Prest· heap or burnlne lyres .•• In Desmond Tutu. savlne an a · police homes and those of seemingly ignorant of the dent Rearan's colon. Grulf·Relnet a ear and oft!· The Ylotence spreads rlzbt leged ·pollee spy from beinl concept of minimum force - II!IWI the bllft country, 6ut Incinerated atop a blazlnr •· collaborating " eounelllors But from behind these of· een belOJII)ne to the devel· have been flattened with out or control, and or a com· opment board w«e set alldlt the worst of It bu been con ear. munlty·,..hlcb,·tn Its frustra· flclal tallies of dally Ylolenee centrated over the past few Duduza Is fairly typical of hammers to low plies of rub In South Afrlea. a borrlfte by a II'OUP of people. Pollee ble - monuments to dvie lion and .haUed•. .has become who arrived were stoned. weeks alo111 the Wllw.ten tbe east Rand tDWDihlps. a addicted to' ··lmost mindless story Is rradually emerlin11: rand, eut of Jobanneaburr. sprawl or small brlek houses fury. - or terror and counter· "They disponed the larre violence. 'It • • crow with tear... moke and where the names of prnt alone dusty, potholed roads, Stllclents roam the streeta The preclst responsibility terror, or a country which bird-shot. One man died, two ously obac:ure townships have with no electricity, eommu· during the day, having boy· se"ma to be steadily dlpplne cotted the schools since or the pollee is difficult to towarch civil war. were wounded and boapltal· become lnereulii&IY familiar nat taps and a much-bated pin down. and in some .In· ised under pollee cuard on a to a national and Intern•· bucket toilet system. March over the detention of stances stories about th•ir Monday nleht's situation char·~ of public Ylolence Uonal audience. It was In fact a demonstra· one of their leaders. In May, one student behaviour circulating In the report was a model or Its P'our of tbt'lll In particular, tlon over the sewa1e systellt townships are unfounded. kind : " . . . In Tarltastad, ' ·Yesterday a prepant Duduza. KwaThema, Tsakane which started the cycle or leader. four months preg· A 'ease in point was the in the Free State. pollee dis· woman was &bot dead when· . and· KaUebonr. baYe become violence In Dudua : in Feb nant. was bumed to death In a petrol attack on her home death of the hand grenade persed people who atlaeked pollee fired on a crowd stOD· a focal point fotlowln& the ruary, Irate residents staged Turn to bad! pap, col. 4 a councillor's home with lnr·cus. In Lyn'rille. east of. strange deaths In rrenade ex· a ·march on the local devel· and shortly afterwards. a 51· ----T~· ~ - -. . pointing out the spot where Continued from pal(e one nades Fourteen people were armoured vehicle was driven . victims. It is widely bellned .. At the same time there reported to have been shot over the zinc baths. they claimed police had I in the black community that ·are &rounds for ausplclon and· wounded, Including the It Is dangerous for while opened lire on them the students were shot by that the· rrenades were doc· internal ion ally known black reporters to enter the East Later. sitting around a pollee and then blown up by tored and· supplied by an Rand townships In daylight flickering candle In a back grenades planted next to IIIIC!It prooocateur. . J:i=:!~:~er, Peter because thev are liable to be room In the township, a their bodies. Ev•nts in KatlehODII at the The end of the funeral identified as Special Branch police armoured vehicle But post mortem examina· weekend also give the fta. was marked by a compara· policemen. But on a visit to roared past outside and a lion results, as ~·et unr•· vour ot poftee opentlon8 In lively small but notable lnd· Duduza arter dark. the atmo· hush !~II on the residents ported bore, show no evi· the townabipa. The. funeral dent : by tradition after the sphere of terror was who had been telling their drncr or bullrt wounds while wa• being held or a 26-y•ar. burial. mourners wasl)rd palpable. stories. In the dlstanc~ a blrrdinr bdorr death. old woman. Pearl Nyt•mbe. their hands in water sprln· A group of students from shot echoed. '1 We are living toRt•thrr with thr inJuries, allrg•dl~· run down by a klrd with herbs and thrr Sowf'to accompanying this under the barrel or the indicate the students died In police armoured vehicle last werr doin~t so aflrr Mrs rrportt•r wrre particularly ~:un," whispered onr man. the act or throwing the sre· week. :- -·l:HE cuAR_IijAN: ·:P·;:rda?Juiy's19s5'!-Z .. .. ~~ -·;.,c~li.off tours' pJea:·.:~~~:.:; SA-police blamed for thl.-eatS to activists . . 1 UDF leaders :···tell .:!fS,~~~o,~t~~~~fi~~ of terror carilPaign: ~~as· -· liriresi;·;~.~·::~)~~ _, -vealed bow q~y the ·.. .,.,e- t.c.: ....:._ ··that -tb. e' ·. ·· ~_;;_~_;;,;;~· .·•.. ; ~ ~pm;enl . crisis in. the - ,., .,.,.,.,... where. .' .~dml-~ ~ · !'""osbips: could escalate ·. findings ot-=:~t an ;D. have &!i~Y ~CU,:Ihe fron1. ·~~ath squads· -·.' .mtoa:maJOI'-tragedy, but quiry.·wOuld COnfirm our, law . mto . ¥"··~ewn ~ 'it failed to address "the . oft-stated conviction that bandS,':'. and -i:allee' .on Jijo Vlderla Brittain . - · platform . is tlie rejeiifion of llkhonto am SiCeto llfblawidi · The United Democratic · apartheid · .md bantustans, and were found !f!lree da,s · after t heart of the matter," the the roots of the crisis lie In I~ of the. ~ Front In South Africa has be- the UDF has built up a mass. they ~sappeared The fow left l · Soutb African Council of the ·system of apartheid- groups to. "resfraiq their 01111111 the target of ldlllnp and political opposition organlsa· a UDF briedng In PQit I · . Cburcbes said in.a state- and its implementarion," people"~· .·: _.-. -.· . · · , abdw:tlons by death squads tlon. UDF's grassroots lnftu. Elizabeth at 9pm last Til . J ~ · iDent in · JobanneSburg the SACC said. .:: .. ~ . The Cow~l:'bas llrged· .wtdle llDF actlviltl have be~n, ence came into the o~lt last day. AH lour were ~ tbrelllened by the pollee. Hit- year IWhen the Go'lermnent's and communiey. orpnisen, ;}. .,atmtay.·.--~ •·i The ~F -~·- ~. the}prqi~. ~ lists of activists to be eJ.iml. new constitution wv· GVV· ·prominent lit the eduaatkln ~ , . ·· . ·-wbile time will be re- port eoDiirmed. and gave Blacks . t:tJgby: tour . and nat.etl from the ~F and Its whelmlng)y· rejected by ·the·. bOycotts ~ have been one ;; quired ·for a considered weight to the SACC's·be- Ailstrail.a'n· c;iicket'. ·tour. :all!liated oi'JID!satiOIIS have people. · . ,. ··.;Of· .the key ISsues to lllOll • , ~· : study of the full report, lief that "police Conduct this y.!ar sbould be i:alled been esposed twice in the last Tbe · boutb . African Govel'D-' resistam:e to the ~" ' .; . :~ the Commilsion was ~- in tbe townships and .tbe. Off .·~ .llie. tigbt: of tht; :'!'is.· acconllnK to "UDF meat's response ·to this multi- The questloo ot their setuJ"·' ~~ - ' ~ly limited to deal- labreaktio'-~within . tbeir,2~.- ... this~~. in,~~"! Two teadlnc unF ofticlals. on racial . democratic opPosition z!ty was discussed aa the. lGQr ,, .. mg With the ghastly con- _, VH...... ume.,- . ' .: '. , . a 'rilit to London tOld 1 press bas . been .. an escalaflng left ~ meeting to drive home > • • 5equen<:e of this . crisis. dwellers is ·• major factor · _ The . c:Oundl's' · · acting ciiDference yesterdar that a eampa1gn aga•nst U'J>F's lead: to the mnall .town of Cradidoek, j, Yet it has brouglltto light In the crisis which must Iii General · · Sec:retary, Ml: new phase of terror had ers, THE WASHINGWN PosT THURSDAY, JULY 18, 19!l5 C3 .DOROTHY GILLIAM 'Tribal Death Cells' NAIROBI apartheid; And some American feminists and bout 100 black South African women have political activists. have suggested that ending come to this world conference" on women at apartheid be added to the conference themes of Agreat risk. With faces tired and sad but voices · "peace, equality ana development.~·. . powerful, they have sparked deep emotion and The South African women have come with the · .. supjiOrt from other women around the world with hope that the nonofficial forum will press their case their testimonies of life under apartheid. before the official United Nations Women's · . At an internatiomilleaders seminar workshop ·Conference that is also under way here •. The SOuth: S}Xlnsored by ~he National Council of Negro Women, Africans. are optimistic-that many officw delegates ,five. South African women told of their lives in vivid will be sympathetic to their cause. · detail. "The homelands are tribal deatlt cells," said The official U.S. delegation led by Maureen one. "The lands are not fertile and there are only Reagan has only reluctant~ agreed to even .talk hungry women and .children with no health facilities about apartheid, and then provided that the to speak of." . . . · discussions "reflect unique concerns of women. KThe A South Mrican nun was critical of her country's u:s. govemment supports a policy of."constructive , use of religion to coqtrol the population. "The engagementK with South Africa. · Christianity of the colonial oppressors has ·· By contrast, the unofficial delegates, "from dehumanized and destroyed our" people, Kshe sai~. feminists Betty Friedan and Bella Abzug to Corett;l 8 Crowds scatter after setting fire to a car outside the sports stadium .in Kwa _Thema township "We need a ~tructural change in South Africa. Scott King and Betty Shabazz (the widow of. . Said another: "We are not citizens in Qur own Malcolm X), have been strong advocates of an· country, We see our husbands-only two weeks a antiapartheid resolution coming out of this · ... , , ( year and the homelands are like concentration conference. . . ." · . 20,000 mourn. Kwa~ Theilla··dead camps." · · ' Solidarity with the women from South Africa was· · The audiences for the South African women, .also pledged without hesitation at a forum entitled . -···· •• 1;... From P.Davld Beresford front. and on the baek the neral ·servlee for four youths The youths aerused him of including women from Asia and Europe as well as · "Women Under ApartheidK and at an internati!>llal In KwaTbema townsbJp, legend : "They served, they killed In . disputed dreum- being a sellout, arguing that continental Africa and the United States, have bee.n leade~;s seminar sponsored by the National Council . near Johannesburg were saerlllt.ed, they were stanees a frontlght before~ome or tbem might die but 'responsive and lively •. · of Negro Women. "The time has come for women to THE ANNOUNCER, eluteh· seiOet:h· • ••" Halfway through the !<'r• that the polleemen had to vlee, shots rang ont few run out of bullets. As the At one fortim, women from several different . speak out on what is happening to families under lng his .mierophone and eat• Behind the packed siadlum a 8 facing them a eolumn of hundred yards from the·sta· derlc anainged them, they continents leaped to their feet to declare apartheid, said NCNW President Height. "But aloguing the latest sheoiings, smoke dlnbed into the doud· cliuru. A section or the erowd gave In, vowing ID return emotionally their solidarity with the liberation women's issues <:an't be separated from political ;.. was beginning to seem like less sky. Appeals llad been rushed outside · to lind two · after the burials. struggle when the South Africans finished their .issues.~ . an angel of death In multi. made· for the owner of the . yputbs aged about 10 and 17 id . lying Jn a pateh of ope.n Ins e the sports ground. testimony.· Some participants at the conference of Forum '•ss. the formal name of the unoffiCial He plucked a tatty traek ear lto Identify II; when he or she failed to do so, they ground with buJiel wounds the funeral servlee eontlnued nongovernment organiiations supported economic coriference, should press for an antiapartheid . shoe out of a plastic bag and to the bead. . Both appeared nnlnterruptedl with an ex· brandished it. " They to be dying, but a saloon ear lnlordlnary d splay of mixed 8arictioris and an arms embargo against South resolution, since any discusSion of women's equality· brought us this shoe," be Pollee blamed, page 7 · and a minibus raeed off wltb jubilation. and anger. As the Africa. _ • . 1 imd development becomes empty words in a racist · bellowed over the giant loud them to hospital. green, blaek and gold flag of In one audience, a South African woman told and sexist regime like South Africa's.' Such a stand " · speakers. " If you've got a . h d t It bl 1 1 the outlawed Afrlean relative or son or whoever Is a se a aze, assum ng I· Accordlos to 'witnesses, the Nallonal Congress was bran• NCNW President Dorothy Height that a women's would also be in keeping with the freewheeling, missing, you eao come up was a pollee vehicle. boys bad been stoning the dished, student leaders urged organization that Height had addressed in South . independent nature of the nonofficial forum. and try and lden ... y the It was the sports stadJum .nearby home of the mayor of the mourners to make the Africa eight years before had. beeri banned three : Meanwhile, a reminder of how volatile the South shoe." of KwaThema township, the tow.nshlp. Two black eountry ungovernable. A few yards away sloe J about 25 miles east l)f Johan• policemen had, emerged and .;c weeks after she left ~e country. "And after they· African situation remains was given by one member nesburg along the gold reef fired three shots at a ran~re Every few minutes the · bad splashed niy visit on the ..(ront pages," Height , of the delegation when an American woman.asked if: ·· four coffins on the white and the· eentre of the latest ·or about so yard!. · crowd burst spontaneously lines of the 100-metres ath· bout of vlolenee to atreet As the vletlms were taken Into rhytbmle dancing and . replied indignantly. ' . . . . · the delegation had experienced difficuity in leaving ' letics tr.aek. ' South· Afrlea. During the off, a heated debate started thunderous ·ebel songs. So moved was civil rights leader,Coretta Scott the. country to attend the conference. On eaclt side stood the night police firing pistols about whether to make a Arter more than three "There is no problem about leaving; came the . guard or honour : ranks or King by the vivid tales the women told of life under · and blrdshot killed seven eoneerted rush on the bouse. hours the funeral procession, reply. "Tha~ is part of the window dressing, The · four girls and boys standing "blacks 'who tbey said were The Bishop • snlfragan of led by four blaek ears apartheid that she offered to host.a conference in stiffly with clenebed fists in rioting. Jobannesbur~t East, the Rt packed 'With wreaths and fol· Atlanta_ next year on th~ subject of women and ' problem. always is what happens when you ge! home." the Black Power salute. . Yesterday it was the seen~ Rev Simeone Nkoane, who lowed by 61 minibuses and many wearing yellow sweat of further death ,as a crowd . was attending the funeral, trueks filled with mourners, •rs with the names or the of some 20,000 packed the . J.utervened, tellln1 ·them u· J!nally started the journey to -deM -~mblazoaed ltro~ th.C p-ounds f~r "~ em~tl~~al ,'"f.'.. would be sulddaL ' the ePmctery, 4 HOME NEWS·>: ---·---····-"·~------. ).TRE:GUARDIAN Wednesday July 10 19B5. 1 1 WW &?Wt·r.t~~~?T FRWZZR ?P'itnsf et·~·~mn·= t -,= ... ·=uu Five men W.:ill be sentenced today a(B,Irmlngbam CrQl\?1 Coud :(or plotting the illegal export·9:t arms parts~ Da'dd,Pallis~r reports Rise: and. fall"'of arms link With S.~-··Afric.R...... • ~ ' 'I ,·· ' . . . . . \ '( . • .. FOR 1\ve-•:·.j~ars, ·. Ccl_lonel · Despite the rlskli nd the .. theyinve_sttsateclreports·thllt ·evidence to· proSecute live In 1983, · penalties_ of name_ of their Soutb Afrfean. Hendrick Dotha anct· his ·te8111 huge sums of . moiier. .In<, Salt bad been using the com- eompanles and live lndlvld· £234 000 were Imposed for (root company...... of undereov&. . agentS oper- volved, the! dtd'' IIIJiiness In pany fqr unauthorised out- uals. These Included. Salt and the illegal export of lltrateglc salt had also provided mt• a ted i~ Britain one ·of: South . Britain with:;-m~n jibo :trere', side worlt. ·• . · · the then chairman of pods;. · . . : . • other valuable service. In Afr.ca s rttost 'Valua~le ·.net- known to 'Oilstimis :and.. E~ . Salt Engineering and the .Redman Heenan, Mr Angus -The, .tnvestlgtitlon - abd . 1978,. be Introduced Henry works for breakillg tlte arms else as . ,ormer · armi South Mrlcan business were Murray, who dlea ln-1981. the Wlll'lllng given to -Salt by Coles; aged 78, .to (wo of the embarg~. . . amugglers. : . :, .:;·. wound up and Salt and Bird The case · was never eustoms omcials - bad no• South Africans, William They obtained, yta '''Amer• The )ll'ln,etp.al 41!110111 tli~t' were. sacted. . . . brought to trial. Instead the elfect on the business, Metelerkamp and Stephanus lea, bigh·tcchnology parts for . Derek Salt, **' t, ------'-- ---·-~ s~SP8j j~~e~ij!s tea@~~g~ oo ·. 11 ~~~~ .3 1 ell~ ;.s !~ e1 .a _g ,, ~ '~ =r .. ~:P.~~~-:~sb,§tllliliJ(g!:!i~ d) . ~ ~~~S~1f R ~~ ;a~~ ol~~e~ ··.-:t '.-u:i ...... Q) ·. 00 e:si~~~e J~i~~!!J!Ii~e;:l1j~ ~ Ui ss~~~!! fi Si-~ -~~~81 U!. G.:~1~ ~t~r CD · ..c ~ 'ell - ajJit .... :>,•. .8 t ifii .. &" oo oo ~ ...... ~'l!~!~~~~n~ilgrs,:fJal; '§ e~5ii Jf i!:a:~ titda}==~~u~; i1lll-s -~ ~ ..... !:;a.. a ai"'tt 11 e J! S .. l..,.ffl hl!tiR . ~ ~ ..... ~ 5 l! f+.f .IL-4s ...... ~:!:a ~~1:!1; d·~i~~ J;~~;:..Jnijl841 js~~~~Jits ~ · ~ --1 l!Jls ~~!:1 ftU idi'i:a U~Ui~l :>.:. .a-' «$-. a!:: ~i! b~ J go s•"' ;.J!H~i 1i!:~ !.S~~.a~s~,as:g_ ·-.'~ "d ,.S~. ~ ~iUH.t-g ~-~iiiiJl'liJ~ ,:-:1:;Jlf 8i!r~n:a~~ . rn .· I rJJ~ ~=J:: :·; ~ n u·.i!· -~- o) s!-d IJ!!!f! lfff!l~ ;;;~ll;'l!isr:lil;bU~Ia Cd. ~ ~!~.!! .. ~H~ ~~~.a ! :k,!IU11;!!1 "tf n 1l.!i"'E=" D H}5 ;:=;g" "~ Eilrope w~igfiScosts of futposing ~ctions on South Mrica Europe's latge investmmts diveStiture. At least not ~ at 13.5 percent. There, comes from. other F.uropean countries.. make nations lukewarm . yetBiack African na· FOf:.~~ ~ ~:oo~~~o:d t!:. ~~cea:~~=n=~T;4.t I tions favor universal ~ institu~. Other observ· with all other countries, including Japan, to anti:-apartheid action sanctions · against 1 ers p~ the number of claiming 13.1 percent. South Africa, but even !!l South African-related Admittedly the US is still South Afri· By David Winder many of them still do $ jobs more conserva· ca's largest tmding partner. Last )'lliU; us Stall writer ollhe Christian Science Monllor clandestine business tively at" · around imports amounted to $1.5 billion, and its . London · with the nation. Afri· 150,000. exports to more than $900 million. With the United States Congress push· . can l:OUJitries imported . One Fbreign · Office This comJlllrell with West Germany ing for sanctions against South Africa, $1.2 billion worth of 1 officitil says that. given (which imported $1.5 billion and exported can Europe be far behind? SOuth Africai1 iioods in Britain's high uneni· $441 million), Japan (which imported $1.3 That's a critical question for South Af· the first 10 -months of . ployment, any move to billion and exported $8.6 million), and rica since Europe also has considerable 1980; · , cut trade with South Britain (which imported $1.1 billion and investments in that country. Britain'~ in; There is also a feel· Africa makes no sense.\ exported $498 million). . . vestments alone are about equal to those ing among many that sanctions against In certain respects, European tmde Up until no~ foreign investment in of the US. · South Africa might backfire, forcing the with South Africa has recently assumed South Africa has been generally dictated So fm; Europe has done little economi· country to become more resilient and self. greater not lesser importance. · less by foreign governments' policies to-. cally to censure SOuth Africa. Of the.ma· reliant. Fbr instance, as a result of a UN Partly because of N"lgt!lia's economic ward apartheid than by the political eli· jor European countries which trade with arms embargo, South Africa not only now. problems, South Africa has regained its mate prevailing at the time. South Africa, only France has indicated it ·makes its own amis, but has enough sur- preeminence as Britain's largest tmding The turbulence caused by a crisis in may consider imposing sanctions against' pluscapacitytobeasubstantialexporter. partner in Africa. . South Africa iJf 1960 caused a massive South Africa if the white-ruled republic ·. The economics of imposing sanctions West .German direct investment dou· outflow of capital When order was re- doesn't end apartheid within two years. · will probably be the strongest bled from over $229 million 1978 to $585 stored it began to flow back. The Swedish, Norwegian, and Danish disincentive for most Europeans. million in 1981. The big question for political leaders, governments have decided to halt flights ,While the US· may take the largest Directly or indirectly Britain has more as much as for banks and large corpora· to South Africa by the jointly-owned chunk of South Africa's tmde (16. 7 than £!1 billion {over $14 billion) invested tions, is whether the recent spate of vio Scandinsvian Airlines System (SAS) to : percent of its imports and 8.3 percent of in South Africa, according to its Depart· lence is merely something of the moment express their disapproval of apartheid. its exports) the economic costs of sane- ment of Trade and Industry. This com· · .~L~~~!=~:a~~~!~E .. :ar~~!~~~*1'*'H-=>E· , AI~~--~--,-~--.&-~- Sooth Africa's image in the US and-un- percentofallBritishforeigninvestment. •_::;>1_ :. ·_.: ·. _·. · · '·.. au· ~ ·, · · · . . J. demlined the Reagmi administration's The Institute for European Economic?·.· · · · ····:~ . · · . · ~licy of "constructive engagement." Studies in London says the effect of sane· ' ' ·· · · · . · . · ... : . · ,. · . . ... , '· . . . &J: ~= ~i~l!~~ ~d'! !F~o~~o-:J:~ermany would be the loss f''. ~,,. :\~;·; ~- ~- ·.. ·'~ 7:::·;;~: .• ~.·.: ·,~~-·>:~:,:~ V}Vetinesday ·.Jtiiy 10 · 1985 lor sanctions. there hasn't been a compa- The impact would be even ~ter for 5-Br +6·~ .n··. ·: '""~' ~ : groundswell in Europe for Britain, where unemployment IS alrea~ r· ...1,11(1, 1 . . '':'"~-..~ ~ :.. j· ., ~·.<'. :,::i·::;j~. ;~~:· ··:The ·London:· meefiri.g' ca)i:.~,e~ -·.··.· seen •• as 'an . initiative spear· .'spurns·:-.:" _,a~i headed by Australia, with Can· Thatche1··· W·arned ., ada's· backing, .to build up 1110. . .. . - ... ·._':'·. · .. · -··· - ~ s:·,.o·_; u... ···t·'n··:::.:"::.:· : ., :· ·~~~\ .. mentum on . sanctions before ' lt."J...•· 1 the, summit. ,meeting ot Com· . ' , , ' -~ .....~~"~ · ·in0nwealth prime mmisters on ·sA san.ction·s.· ~nd ;presidents . in. Nassa~· . in Octobet:. . · . · .; ·.. , By Patrick k~t~y;·:·: ~:.:,c :::,' :' ,_ taf.y=ge~r~l;- 'Mr- ~ ·. Sbridath l It runs .parallel :to joirit ·reso Diplomatic-Correspondent _Ramphal, was more diplomatic. i ·Aliictii ·:~~ : ~utions. framed in Wasbin,gton Two keynate·'''spea:Iret's "·a--.a...c-;.-,=-o~-wiil'-- the .·.-common- ;. . by the ~enate ;,and· House-:of :Representatives aimed at over conference:!: in London yester- wealth do.? Must. we wait for ' : riding · l'r.es~dent . ~agan's · ob day warned. Mrs-Thateher-''that::·tll~~~c,~ ~elth~L,ia.-,~take .. ,, jections to sanction~ · ' · · ··· · · ,. . . ' ·· the lead or to abort 1t? Must · sarietib~~~ unless she:~ JOins other .. CO.IJ?-· . we not,_ instead, _give a lead - It .· . was·.. clear that Mrs •• / ••. {\ • • . ; .... !_ : That-cher ' had decided· before monw~alth ·;. ~a:,~ -at;.,. "~-~··arrct"not·-.·me1'ety ·· jMn ··~c tnove- 1 By Patriek Keatley, . . ·· .. Ye&terday's ·meeting that the summ1-t _meet1~g m Oc~o~er m ment?" he said. ! Diplom;#ic Corresponllenf ,, ;.~; British delegate, Mr John Nassau m ta)fJ._llg;Jt. 4~t;l.§!~l'!__ , . .. , . 'i Marlborough H()use, ·Common South Mrica that it' was acting protector iri the ,S~uricy Couu.- ':.Mr·:Ramphal · waS<·.:rom~ by l wealth headquarters, to discUss illegaUy, Mr Johnson said that cil. Then, not dan_ng'·to\pro.te. et·.hi~.. ·. ,p-J:'edeces_sOd'~- Mn-c Arnolq. South .Africa's recent flouting his government could not en- Pretoria w~th the. :Sritish veto, . Smit,b,, &! C11onada,, and ,the two of UN decisions that Namibia dorse the words. . when even tb-ei Amerieans·:a:i'eC.men;( folfQ,VE$.·~~JlY.:· Dl\: Qw~n •. j should· have immediate elec- · Australia. and Canada, With moving towards sancti~. Bi-it~·r.Mnetm'.ed' in'.il.afuing the'South tions ·under in,ternational the strong support . of Nigeria, ain would ·end ··np··with "maxi· Africa sanctions· issue as th_e supervision. · · New Zealand, Zambia, Tanza mum discredit all round._·-~-::~. 1 :::·;::~e-1hd at-~~-.!~t~:~~ ! , The four dozen governments~ nia, India and other large . The Commonwealth · secre- · agen a. · · · · · 1 ·representatives agreed ·that mem~er. states, were !iir4J._g_ .a -.:...~...... ~. ~ ... ___ ":'"""""':'., ,. .... :... , " appropriate measures · under warmng shot across the lfu\Vs . . the UN Charter ,. · will be of both ·washington and Pre needed if SOuth Africa _persists toria and Britain is seen to be . "THE· (rUARillAN :.W~esdaw·June, 191985- in· ignoring the .directions •of out of st-ep with her partners. the Security Council in New York. People rush to their vehicles (above) as members of the South African Pt>lice. anti-riot squad fire teargas during d~turbances 10} after the commemoration service for the 1976 upheaval ended at ~· Regina Mundi ·catholic Church in Soweto. Pictured below is part·of. ~ the massive- crowd of thousands at the service, organised jointly ~ by the National Forum and the United Democra~ic Front. · '<;11 C'l;j --.·· ~ .. l=.. ~ ,.Q Cl,) <:1) ~ ~ t! ~ C) ~ '\ 0::; « A young _activist wearing a Freedom Charter placard at the commemoration service at · · kwaThema. Springs. E c s Elizabeth S Landis A 1095 Park Avenue New York NY 10128 339 Lafayette Street New York, N.Y. 10012