Das Poetische System Der Dramen I. S. Turgenevs

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Das Poetische System Der Dramen I. S. Turgenevs Slavistische Beiträge ∙ Band 166 (eBook - Digi20-Retro) Walter Koschmal Das poetische System der Dramen I. S. Turgenevs Studien zu einer pragmatischen Dramenanalyse Verlag Otto Sagner München ∙ Berlin ∙ Washington D.C. Digitalisiert im Rahmen der Kooperation mit dem DFG-Projekt „Digi20“ der Bayerischen Staatsbibliothek, München. OCR-Bearbeitung und Erstellung des eBooks durch den Verlag Otto Sagner: http://verlag.kubon-sagner.de © bei Verlag Otto Sagner. Eine Verwertung oder Weitergabe der Texte und Abbildungen, insbesondere durch Vervielfältigung, ist ohne vorherige schriftliche Genehmigung des Verlages unzulässig. «Verlag Otto Sagner» ist ein Imprint der Kubon & Sagner GmbH. Walter Koschmal - 9783954792597 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 05:04:41AM via free access 0005708Б S l a v is t ic h e Beiträge BEGRÜNDET VON ALOIS SCHMAUS HERAUSGEGEBEN VON JOHANNES HOLTHUSEN • HEINRICH KUNSTMANN PETER REHDER • JOSEF SCHRENK REDAKTION PETER REHDER Band 166 VERLAG OTTO SAGNER MÜNCHEN Walter Koschmal - 9783954792597 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 05:04:41AM via free access 0005708Б WALTER KOSCHMAL DAS POETISCHE SYSTEM DER DRAMEN I. S. TURGENEVS Studien zu einer pragmatischen Dramenanalyse VERLAG OTTO SAGNER • MÜNCHEN 1983 Walter Koschmal - 9783954792597 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 05:04:41AM via free access ISBN 3-87690-256-8 © Verlag Otto Sagner, München 1983 Abteilung der Firma Kubon & Sagner, München Walter Koschmal - 9783954792597 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 05:04:41AM via free access - V - VORBEMERKUNG Die vorliegende Studie verdankt ihr Entstehen einem sowohl in bezug auf dramentheoretische Fragen als auch auf die konkrete Textanalyse anregenden Seminar zum russischen Drama/ das von Herrn Prof .Dr. J. Holthusen und Frau Dr.habil.J.R.DÖring-Smimov gemeinsam veranstaltet wurde. Beide haben den Fortgang meiner Arbeit mit großem Interesse verfolgt und zeigten sich immer zu hilfreichen Gesprächen bereit. Dafür möchte ich ihnen an dieser Stelle recht herzlich danken. Herrn Prof•Dr•J•Holthusen gilt mein besonderer Dank für die Betreuung der Dissertation, ins- besondere aber'auch für die nachhaltige Förderung während mei- ner wissenschaftlichen Ausbildung und meines gesamten Studiums. Die Dissertation wurde im Wintersemester 1982/83 von der Philo- sophischen Fakultät im Fachbereich 12 für Altertums- und Kul- turwissenschaften der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München angenommen. Mein Dank gilt auch Herrn Prof.Dr.W.Schamschula, der während meiner fast zweijährigen Arbeit als Assistent an der Universi- tät Bamberg immer verständnisvoll Rücksicht auf meine Promotion genommen hat. Die Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes hat mich während der Abfassung der Dissertation mit einem Promotionsstipendium unter- stützt und der Deutsche Akademische Austauschdienst hat mir 1979/80 einen halbjährigen Forschungsaufenthalt in Leningrad ermöglicht. Den Mitarbeitern dieser beiden Organisationen möch- te ich gleichfalls herzlich danken. München, März 1983 Walter Koschmal Walter Koschmal - 9783954792597 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 05:04:41AM via free access Walter Koschmal - 9783954792597 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 05:04:41AM via free access - VII - Inhaltsübersicht s. 1 . Einleitung.................................... 1 2. Ablösung der Handlung als Konstruktionsâominante. 4 2.1. Dominanz der paradigmatischen Achse............ 4 2.2. Abbau nicht-kommunikativer Handlung............ 20 2.3. Epigonale Handlung............................. 24 2.4. Handlungsarmut als Komponente des poetischen Sy- stems......................................... 30 2.4.1. Trivialität und Monotonie der thematischen Bedeu- tungen........................................ 30 2.4.2. Enge Begrenztheit thematischer Bedeutungen...... 36 2.4.3. Ästhetische Funktionalislerung der begrenzten Ob- jektwelt...................................... 40 3. Pragmatische Bedeutungen....................... 43 3.1. Die literarische Sprechhandlung................ 45 3.2. Die Absicht des Sprechers...................... 47 4. Wechsel semantischer Figurenkontexte in den frü- hen Stücken................................... 53 4.1. Dominanz auktorlaler Rede...................... 53 4.1.1. Formale Dialogisierung......................... 57 4.1.2. Dialogische Polarität und Macht................ 62 4.2. Parodie des Wechsels semantischer Kontexte...... 66 4.2.1. Deformation des Romantischen................... 66 4.2.2. Vorstufen zweideutiger Rede.................... 75 5. Wechsel semantischer und pragmatischer Figuren- kontexte...................................... 82 5.1. Das Postulat der Aufrichtigkeit................ 82 5.2. Typen literarischer Sprechhandlungen........... 85 5.3. Antinomie der Redesysteme...................... 93 Walter Koschmal - 9783954792597 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 05:04:41AM via free access 00057085 - V i l i - 5.3.1. Idealisierung eindeutiger Rede................. 106 5.3.1.1. Desemantisierung eindeutiger Sprechhandlungen.... 117 5.3.1.2. Ästhetische Funktionalisierung deformativer Rede. 125 5.3.2. Zweideutige Rede und hierarchische Dialogstruktu- ren........................................... 137 5.3.2•1. Dialogische Entwertung des Redeinhalts und die Anfänge des absurden Dialogs................... 143 5.3.2..2. Semantische Unbestimmtheit..................... 161 5.3.2.3. Manipulation der Kommunikationssituation....... 171 5.3.2.4• Die soziale Variante dialogischer Machtausübung.. 186 5. 3.2. 5. Anredeformen und Partner interpretation......... 201 5.3.3. Das System zweideutiger Rede und der Verfall der Macht......................................... 217 5.3.3.1. Die Standardisierung pragmatischer Bedeutungen... 217 5.3.3.2. "Eigenes" vs. "Fremdes" und die Dichotomie der Sprechhandlungen............................... 229 5.3.3.3. Die inhaltliche Aushöhlung der Macht und ihre pragmatische Grundlage......................... 24 4 5.3.3.4. Die karnevalistische Umkehrung der Hierarchie als Paradigma literarischer Evolution.............. 254 Exkurs: Turgenev und Dostoevskij........................... 265 5.3.3.5. Tragikomische Dialogstruktur................... 271 5.3.4. Monologische vs. dialogische Sprechhandlung..... 281 5.3.5. Die dialogische Integration von Liedern, Gedieh- ten und Märchen................................ 294 6. Evolution des Autorenkontextes................. 307 6.1. Das Subsystem der Eigennamen................... 323 6.2. Das Subsystem des Nebentextes.................. 334 7. Wechsel pragmatischer Figurenkontexte.......... 347 7.1. Absurde Semantik und die Entlarvung zweideutiger Rede.......................................... 347 7.2. Potenzierung zweideutiger Rede und der Übergang zum Situationsdrama............................ 355 8. Das poetische System der Dramen im Kontext der literarischen Evolution........................ 370 Walter Koschmal - 9783954792597 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 05:04:41AM via free access 000Б708Б - IX - Anmerkungen....................................................................................................................................................37 9 Abkürzungsverzeichnis .............................................400 Literaturverzeichnis ............................... ............. .401 Werkausgaben................................................. .. 401 Zur Literaturtheorie und Literaturgeschichte ...................... .402 L ite ra tu r zu den Dramen Turgenevs .................. ...... ....... 417 Register ........................................................ .429 A. Verzeichnis der Dramen und der dramatischen Figuren ............. .429 B. Auswahlverzeichnis benutzter literaturtheoretischer Begriffe •. • • 437 C. Personenverzeichnis......................................... ...441 Walter Koschmal - 9783954792597 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 05:04:41AM via free access Walter Koschmal - 9783954792597 Downloaded from PubFactory at 01/10/2019 05:04:41AM via free access 1. E inleitung TURGENEV als Autor von Prosaskizzen, Erzählungen und Romanen erscheint als unumstrittene Größe der russischen Literatur. TUR- GENEV als Verfasser von Gedichten, Poemen und Theaterstücken blieb dagegen bis heute, besonders außerhalb des russischen und slavischen Kulturkreises ein weitgehend 'unbeschriebenes Blatt'. Da die letzteren Texte fast ausschließlich der ersten Phase sei- ־nes dichterischen Schaffens angehören und dessen Charakter ent scheidend prägen, ignorieren wir durch ihre ungenügende Berück- ־sichtigung einen gewichtigen Abschnitt in TURGENEVS literari scher Entwicklung. In den Jahren von 1834 bis 1852 schuf der Autor neben einigen kurzen Fragmenten zwölf dramatische Texte, die bis in die 60-er Jahre zum Teil grundlegend umgearbeitet wurden und heute ein Korpus von weit Über tausend Seiten bilden. Diese Stücke erlauben aber nicht nur, die Grundlage einer in- dividuellen literarischen Entwicklung nachzuzeichnen, sondern markieren zudem einen literarhistorischen Wandel: TURGENEVS Ab- wendung von der Romantik und seine Annäherung an den Realismus ־können als Paradigma des Übergangs von romantischen zu realisti sehen Verfahren betrachtet werden, der sich aber in der genann- ten Periode keineswegs nur in Rußland vollzieht. Beide Entwicklungslinien, die individuelle wie die literar- historische, wurden bisher schon deshalb nicht deutlicher nach- gezeichnet» weil die Stücke TURGENEVS isoliert in ihrer chro- nologischen Abfolge behandelt wurden und der Zusammen- hang der kontinuierlichen Evolution dadurch verlorenging. Auf der
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