Masculinity and Ambition in the Baltic Adventure
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Guides to German Records Microfilmed at Alexandria, Va
GUIDES TO GERMAN RECORDS MICROFILMED AT ALEXANDRIA, VA. No. 32. Records of the Reich Leader of the SS and Chief of the German Police (Part I) The National Archives National Archives and Records Service General Services Administration Washington: 1961 This finding aid has been prepared by the National Archives as part of its program of facilitating the use of records in its custody. The microfilm described in this guide may be consulted at the National Archives, where it is identified as RG 242, Microfilm Publication T175. To order microfilm, write to the Publications Sales Branch (NEPS), National Archives and Records Service (GSA), Washington, DC 20408. Some of the papers reproduced on the microfilm referred to in this and other guides of the same series may have been of private origin. The fact of their seizure is not believed to divest their original owners of any literary property rights in them. Anyone, therefore, who publishes them in whole or in part without permission of their authors may be held liable for infringement of such literary property rights. Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 58-9982 AMERICA! HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION COMMITTEE fOR THE STUDY OP WAR DOCUMENTS GUIDES TO GERMAN RECOBDS MICROFILMED AT ALEXAM)RIA, VA. No* 32» Records of the Reich Leader of the SS aad Chief of the German Police (HeiehsMhrer SS und Chef der Deutschen Polizei) 1) THE AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION (AHA) COMMITTEE FOR THE STUDY OF WAE DOCUMENTS GUIDES TO GERMAN RECORDS MICROFILMED AT ALEXANDRIA, VA* This is part of a series of Guides prepared -
A Long History of ___.«. Literatur Als Fragebogenlektüre Bei Ernst
Repositorium für die Medienwissenschaft Friedrich Balke »A Long History of ______.«. Literatur als Fragebogenlektüre bei Ernst von Salomon 2016 https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/1932 Veröffentlichungsversion / published version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Balke, Friedrich: »A Long History of ______.«. Literatur als Fragebogenlektüre bei Ernst von Salomon. In: Zeitschrift für Medienwissenschaft. Heft 15: Technik | Intimität, Jg. 8 (2016), Nr. 2, S. 106– 123. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/1932. Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Deposit-Lizenz (Keine This document is made available under a Deposit License (No Weiterverbreitung - keine Bearbeitung) zur Verfügung gestellt. Redistribution - no modifications). We grant a non-exclusive, Gewährt wird ein nicht exklusives, nicht übertragbares, non-transferable, individual, and limited right for using this persönliches und beschränktes Recht auf Nutzung dieses document. This document is solely intended for your personal, Dokuments. Dieses Dokument ist ausschließlich für non-commercial use. All copies of this documents must retain den persönlichen, nicht-kommerziellen Gebrauch bestimmt. all copyright information and other information regarding legal Auf sämtlichen Kopien dieses Dokuments müssen alle protection. You are not allowed to alter this document in any Urheberrechtshinweise und sonstigen Hinweise auf gesetzlichen way, to copy it for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the Schutz beibehalten werden. Sie dürfen dieses Dokument document in public, to perform, distribute, or otherwise use the nicht in irgendeiner Weise abändern, noch dürfen Sie document in public. dieses Dokument für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke By using this particular document, you accept the conditions of vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, aufführen, vertreiben oder use stated above. -
Cr^Ltxj
THE NAZI BLOOD PURGE OF 1934 APPRCWBD": \r H M^jor Professor 7 lOLi Minor Professor •n p-Kairman of the DeparCTieflat. of History / cr^LtxJ~<2^ Dean oiTKe Graduate School IV Burkholder, Vaughn, The Nazi Blood Purge of 1934. Master of Arts, History, August, 1972, 147 pp., appendix, bibliography, 160 titles. This thesis deals with the problem of determining the reasons behind the purge conducted by various high officials in the Nazi regime on June 30-July 2, 1934. Adolf Hitler, Hermann Goring, SS leader Heinrich Himmler, and others used the purge to eliminate a sizable and influential segment of the SA leadership, under the pretext that this group was planning a coup against the Hitler regime. Also eliminated during the purge were sundry political opponents and personal rivals. Therefore, to explain Hitler's actions, one must determine whether or not there was a planned putsch against him at that time. Although party and official government documents relating to the purge were ordered destroyed by Hermann GcTring, certain materials in this category were used. Especially helpful were the Nuremberg trial records; Documents on British Foreign Policy, 1919-1939; Documents on German Foreign Policy, 1918-1945; and Foreign Relations of the United States, Diplomatic Papers, 1934. Also, first-hand accounts, contem- porary reports and essays, and analytical reports of a /1J-14 secondary nature were used in researching this topic. Many memoirs, written by people in a position to observe these events, were used as well as the reports of the American, British, and French ambassadors in the German capital. -
Origin and Ideology of the Freikorps Movement- Predecessor and Forerunner of the SA?
Trinity College Dublin Department of Modern History The Weimar Republic Dr. Alan Kramer 1998/99 Origin and ideology of the Freikorps movement- Predecessor and forerunner of the SA? 2nd. Essay Florian Leuthner XXX XXX XXX 2 Index 1. Introduction Page 3 2. Origins of the Freikorps movement 3 2.1 The German pre-war Youth movement – the ‘Wandervögel’ 4 2.2 The raising of the ‘Storm’ or ‘Shock’ battalions 5 3. The contradiction in the ideology of the Freikorps movement 7 3.1 The first phase – a helper in the hour of need 8 3.2 The second phase – the attempted disbandment of the Freikorps 11 3.3 The third phase – Politics of murder 11 4. The Freikorps movement as predecessor of the SA and forerunner 13 of the Nazi movement 5. Conclusion 14 6. List of references 15 3 1. Introduction The picture of the German Freikorps movement during the Weimar Republic is not very clear one. Even nowadays it is surrounded by several mysteries and uncertainties. Where lay the origins of this strange movement, which should shape the first German democracy in such a destructive way? Did they have any kind of ideology, and if they had one, on what kind of ideology they were based. Or were they nothing more than gangs of “[...] psychopathic killers with a primitive and brutal set of half-baked ideas” 1 who believed in the ‘stab in the back myth’ and the betray of the army by the politicians. Is it possible to say that the Freikorps movement was the predecessor of the SA and the forerunner of the Nazi movement; Hitler as the heir to the Freikorps heritage? These questions I will try to answer in this essay. -
The Soviet-German Tank Academy at Kama
The Secret School of War: The Soviet-German Tank Academy at Kama THESIS Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Ian Johnson Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2012 Master's Examination Committee: Jennifer Siegel, Advisor Peter Mansoor David Hoffmann Copyright by Ian Ona Johnson 2012 Abstract This paper explores the period of military cooperation between the Weimar Period German Army (the Reichswehr), and the Soviet Union. Between 1922 and 1933, four facilities were built in Russia by the two governments, where a variety of training and technological exercises were conducted. These facilities were particularly focused on advances in chemical and biological weapons, airplanes and tanks. The most influential of the four facilities was the tank testing and training grounds (Panzertruppenschule in the German) built along the Kama River, near Kazan in North- Central Russia. Led by German instructors, the school’s curriculum was based around lectures, war games, and technological testing. Soviet and German students studied and worked side by side; German officers in fact often wore the Soviet uniform while at the school, to show solidarity with their fellow officers. Among the German alumni of the school were many of the most famous practitioners of mobile warfare during the Second World War, such as Guderian, Manstein, Kleist and Model. This system of education proved highly innovative. During seven years of operation, the school produced a number of extremely important technological and tactical innovations. Among the new technologies were a new tank chassis system, superior guns, and - perhaps most importantly- a radio that could function within a tank. -
Two the SS SYSTEM and NAZI IDEOLOGY
Two THE SS SYSTEM AND NAZI IDEOLOGY In a well-known but now aging book, Gerald Reitlinger claimed that the key for understanding the origins of the SS lay in the Freikorps: to him, there were no clear-cut boundaries between the end of the Freikorps and the beginning of SA and SS (Reitlinger, 1957, p. 4). This claim had the merit to stress some ideological continuities in a defeated and humiliated Germany, given that the Freikorps were animated by the same spirit that would give rise to Nazism. To some extent, however, the origins of the SS were a by-product of some of the Great War’s field tactics. Per se, they had little to do with ideology. 1. The Origins of the SS Late in the Great War, General Erich Ludendorff envisaged a series of attacks, in order to break through the Western front. To that purpose, he set up his assault divisions, spearheaded by shock units: the Stosstruppen, made of fighters able to use all kinds of weapons. These units were inspired by a model that had appeared empirically, on the battlefield, in 1915 (Jardin, 2005, p. 182). And precursors of such units had existed already in 1914. In fact, the inspiration for the SS came from that battlefield culture with which many people were familiar at that time. According to an official account prepared by the Archivamt des SS- Hauptamtes (SS Archive Office), early in the history of the movement, the necessity arose to create a small elite troop, made of tough and trustworthy elements. -
The Rise of the Nazis Revision Guide
Rise of the Nazis Revision Guide Name: Key Topics 1. The Nazis in the 1920s 2. Hitler becomes Chancellor, 1933 3. Hitler becomes Dictator, 1934 @mrthorntonteach Hitler and the early Nazi Party The roots of the Nazi party start in 1889, with the birth of Adolf Hitler but the political beginnings of the party start in 1919 with the set up of the German Workers Party, the DAP. This party was one of the many new parties that set up in the political chaos after the First World War and it was the joining of Adolf Hitler that changed Germanys future forever. The early life of Hitler Hitler wanted to In 1913, he moved to Hitler was shocked by become an artists but Munich and became Germanys defeat in WWI was rejected by the obsessed with all things and blamed the Weimar Vienna Art School German Republic Hitler was born Between 1908- He fought in the First In 1919, Hitler begins to spy in Austria in 13, he was World War, winning the on the German Workers 1889 to an homeless and Iron Cross but was Party (DAP) but then joins abusive father. sold paintings wounded by gas in 1918 the party, soon taking over. Who were the DAP? The DAP were national socialists: The German Workers Party Nationalists – believed that all policies should should (DAP) was set up by Anton be organised to make the nation stronger Drexler in 1919 in Munich. Socialists – believed that the country's land, industry At first there were only a small and wealth should below to the workers. -
Seduction, Delusion, & Politics
Seduction, Delusion, & Politics: Culture within the Nazi Control System A Senior Honors Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for graduation with distinction in the undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University By Andrew R Scott The Ohio State University December 2010 Project Advisors: Professor John Davidson, Department of Germanic Languages and Literatures Professor Alan Beyerchen, Department of History “The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil, is for good men to do nothing.” -Edmund Burke Contents Foreword……………………………………………………….1 Introduction…………………………………………………...2 Germany & the Populace………………………………….16 Hitler & Himmler……………………………………………….29 Hitler‟s Agents…………………………………………………36 Conclusion…………………………………………………….45 Appendixes……………………………………………………49 Bibliography…………………………………………………..52 1 Foreword The central themes of this theoretical work draw heavily on the social- psychological and historical interpretations produced by Philip Zimbardo and Christopher Browning, respectively. Though this is a case-study of the control system which would ultimately be implemented by the Nazis during their reign of control in Germany from 1933 to 1945, it is important to understand that the ideas put forth here are not intended to insinuate that manipulations of culture have been confined to a single epoch, rather they occur and have occurred throughout time. The contention here is that the immediate history of the German state, the pre-existing fodder for in- group and out-group distinctions, and the authoritative political and social structures combined with the ideological rhetoric and material tactics of the National Socialists to facilitate participation in atrocities by zealots and ordinary citizens alike. The work includes an introduction which shall serve to define the terms that will be discussed throughout, three middle sections titled “Germany and the Populace,” “Hitler and Himmler,” and “Hitler‟s Agents,” and a conclusion to summarize the main ideas. -
Munich in the 1920S
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 1 No. 20; December 2011 Hitler’s Beer Hall Politics: A Reassessment based on New Historical Scholarship Jeffrey Gaab, Ph. D. Professor of History Department of History, Economics, and Politics SUNY College Farmingdale 2350 Broadhollow Road Farmingdale, New York. USA 11735. Abstract As the eightieth anniversary of Adolf Hitler’s accession to power in Germany approaches in 2013, recent scholarship has revised Hitler’s description of his formative experiences. This new scholarship demonstrates that Hitler’s time in Munich was far more significant than his period in Vienna. The new secondary literature demonstrates conclusively that Munich, not Vienna, became the “school of his life.” It was in Munich, as a “beer hall agitator,” where Hitler learned the political skills he would later employ to outmaneuver Germany’s professional politicians and seize power in 1933. Ian Kershaw has described Hitler’s years in Munich as “the years of his political apprenticeship.” Hitler developed an “aggressive obstinacy” during his years in Munich that lead to his political success. The “aggressive obstinacy” developed after numerous experiences in Munich’s beer halls. This paper argues that the road to the Reich’s Chancellery in 1933 lead through Munich’s beer halls in the 1920s. Key Words: Adolf Hitler, Germany, Third Reich, National Socialism, Munich, Beer Hall. Introduction In Mein Kampf, Adolf Hitler wrote that his political development occurred during his time in Vienna before he came to Germany in 1913. In Vienna, Hitler wrote, “I obtained the foundations for a philosophy in general and a political view in particular which later I only needed to supplement in detail, but which never left me.” In fact, Hitler argues that his political “awakening” caused him to leave Vienna for Munich. -
Nazi Party from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Create account Log in Article Talk Read View source View history Nazi Party From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the German Nazi Party that existed from 1920–1945. For the ideology, see Nazism. For other Nazi Parties, see Nazi Navigation Party (disambiguation). Main page The National Socialist German Workers' Party (German: Contents National Socialist German Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (help·info), abbreviated NSDAP), commonly known Featured content Workers' Party in English as the Nazi Party, was a political party in Germany between 1920 and 1945. Its Current events Nationalsozialistische Deutsche predecessor, the German Workers' Party (DAP), existed from 1919 to 1920. The term Nazi is Random article Arbeiterpartei German and stems from Nationalsozialist,[6] due to the pronunciation of Latin -tion- as -tsion- in Donate to Wikipedia German (rather than -shon- as it is in English), with German Z being pronounced as 'ts'. Interaction Help About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Leader Karl Harrer Contact page 1919–1920 Anton Drexler 1920–1921 Toolbox Adolf Hitler What links here 1921–1945 Related changes Martin Bormann 1945 Upload file Special pages Founded 1920 Permanent link Dissolved 1945 Page information Preceded by German Workers' Party (DAP) Data item Succeeded by None (banned) Cite this page Ideologies continued with neo-Nazism Print/export Headquarters Munich, Germany[1] Newspaper Völkischer Beobachter Create a book Youth wing Hitler Youth Download as PDF Paramilitary Sturmabteilung -
Diagnosing Nazism: US Perceptions of National Socialism, 1920-1933
DIAGNOSING NAZISM: U.S. PERCEPTIONS OF NATIONAL SOCIALISM, 1920-1933 A dissertation submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Robin L. Bowden August 2009 Dissertation written by Robin L. Bowden B.A., Kent State University, 1996 M.A., Kent State University, 1998 Ph.D., Kent State University, 2009 Approved by Mary Ann Heiss , Chair, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Clarence E. Wunderlin, Jr. , Members, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Kenneth R. Calkins , Steven W. Hook , James A. Tyner , Accepted by Kenneth J. Bindas , Chair, Department of History John R. D. Stalvey , Dean, College of Arts and Sciences ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS………..………………………………………………iv Chapter 1. Introduction: U.S. Officials Underestimate Hitler and the Nazis……..1 2. Routine Monitoring: U.S. Officials Discover the Nazis…………......10 3. Early Dismissal: U.S. Officials Reject the Possibility of a Recovery for the Nazis…………………………………………….....57 4. Diluted Coverage: U.S. Officials Neglect the Nazis………………..106 5. Lingering Confusion: U.S. Officials Struggle to Reassess the Nazis…………………………………………………………….151 6. Forced Reevaluation: Nazi Success Leads U.S. Officials to Reconsider the Party……………………………………………......198 7. Taken by Surprise: U.S. Officials Unprepared for the Success of the Nazis……………………...……………………………….…256 8. Conclusion: Evaluating U.S. Reporting on the Nazis…………..…..309 BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………318 iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation represents the culmination of years of work, during which the support of many has been necessary. In particular, I would like to thank two graduate school friends who stood with me every step of the way even as they finished and moved on to academic positions. -
Trierer Leseliste Neuere Deutsche Literaturwissenschaft
Trierer Leseliste Neuere deutsche Literaturwissenschaft Das Studium der Neueren deutschen Literaturwissenschaft lebt vom Vergnügen an der Lektüre und von der Lust daran, nicht nur leicht zugängliche und aktuelle, sondern auch ältere, schwer zugängliche und fremd wirkende (und vielleicht auch fremd bleibende) Werke zu lesen. Mit anderen Worten: Das Studium lebt von der Lust am Kennenlernen der Literaturgeschichte in ihrer ganzen Breite und Tiefe. Die Trierer Leseliste soll Studierenden helfen, einen besseren Überblick über die Geschichte der neueren deutschen Literatur zu erreichen. Sie ist in drei große Zeitabschnitte gegliedert „1400-1830“, „1830-1945“ und „Seit 1945/Literatur- und Kulturtheorie des 20./21. Jahrhunderts“. Die Binnengliederung dieser Zeitabschnitte folgt den geläufigen (wenn auch nicht unproblematischen) Epochenbegriffen. Die Leseliste umfasst eine Auswahl von rund 700 Titeln aus diesen 600 Jahren Literaturgeschichte. Sie ist also sehr fragmentarisch, und wer sich auch nur ein wenig in der Literaturgeschichte umgesehen hat, wird vieles vermissen, was er mit gutem Grund schätzt und für wichtig hält. Nach 1999 erschienene Literatur etwa wurde nicht mehr berücksichtigt, weil aktuelle Gegenwartsliteratur ohnehin gerne gelesen wird, aber auch weil hier eine Auswahl zu treffen besonders schwierig ist. Ferner fehlen nicht nur einige ältere, sondern auch moderne Formen und Genres, und es fehlen sogar Bereiche, die zu den Lehr- und Forschungsgebieten der Trierer Germanistik gehören, wie z.B. die sog. ‚Migrantenliteratur’. Das lässt sich nur durch den Zweck der Leseliste rechtfertigen: Es geht um eine pragmatisch gefasste Minimalliste aus den Kernbereichen der Neueren deutschen Literaturgeschichte, die sich an ausbildungs- und berufsbezogenen Schwerpunkten des Germanistikstudiums orientiert. Die Nichtaufnahme von Titeln impliziert also kein negatives Werturteil, die vorliegende Werkauswahl ist nicht als Kanon zu verstehen.