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Spices, Condiments and Medicinal Plants in Ethiopia, Their Taxonomy and Agricultural Significance

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Spices, Condiments and Medicinal Plants in Ethiopia, Their Taxonomy and Agricultural Significance V V Spices,condiment s and medicinal plants inEthiopia , theirtaxonom y andagricultura l significance P.C.M .Janse n NN08201,849 34° 36c 3 TOWNS AND VILLAGES —I DEBRE BIRHAN 66 MAJI DEBRE SINA 57 8UTAJIRA ANKOBER KARA KORE 58 HOSAINA DEJEN KOMBOLCHA 59 DEBRE ZEIT (BISHUFTU) GORE BATI 60 MOJO YAMBA 6 TENDAHO 61 MAKI TEPI 7 SERDO 62 ADAMI TULU ASSENDABO 8 ASSAB 63 SHASHAMANE KOLITO 9 WOLDYA 64 SODDO DEDER 10 KOBO 65 BULKI GEWANI 11 ALAMATA 66 BAKO 12 LALIBELA 67 GIDOLE 13 SOKOTA 66 GIARSO 14 MAICHEW 69 YABELO 15 ENDA MEDHANE ALEM 70 BURJI 16 ABIYADI 71 AGERE MARIAM 17 AXUM 72 FISHA GENET 18 ADUA 73 YIRGA CHAFFE 19 ADIGRAT 74 DILA 20 SENAFE 75 WONDO 21 ADI KAYEH 76 YIRGA ALEM 22 ADI UGRI 77 AGERE SELAM 23 DEKEMHARE 7B KEBRE MENGIST (ADOLA) 24 MAS SAWA 79 NEGELLI 25 KEREN 60 MEGA 26 AGORDAT 81 MOYALE 27 BARENTU 62 DOLO 28 TESENEY 83 EL KERE 29 OM HAJER 84 GINIR 30 DEBAREK 85 ADABA 31 METEMA 86 DODOLA 32 GORGORA 87 BEKOJI 33 ADDIS ZEMEN 88 TICHO 34 DEBRE TABOR 89 NAZRET (ADAMA) 36 BAHAR DAR 90 METAHARA 36 DANGLA 91 AWASH 37 INJIBARA 92 MIESO 36 GUBA 93 ASBE TEFERI 39 BURE 94 BEDESSA 40 DEMBECHA 95 GELEMSO 41 FICHE 96 HIRNA 42 AGERE HIWET (AMBO) 97 KOBBO 43 BAKO (SHOA) 98 DIRE OAWA 44 GIMBI 99 ALEMAYA 45 MENDI 100 FIK 46 ASOSA 101 IMI 47 DEMBI DOLO 102 JIJIGA 48 GAMBELA 103 DEGEH BUR 49 BEDELLE 104 AWARE 50 DEMBI 105 WERDER 51 GHION(WOLUSO) 106 GELADI 52 WELKITE 107 SHILALO 53 AGARO 108 KEBRE DEHAR 54 BONGA 109 KELAFO 55 MI2AN TEFERI 110 FERFER LAKES A LAKE RUDOLF G LAKE ABAYITA B LAKE CHEW BAHIR H LAKE LANGANO C LAKE CHAMO (RUSPOLI) J LAKE ZIWAI D LAKE ABAYA K LAKE TANA (MARGHERITA) L LAKE ABBE E LAKE AWASA M LAKE ASALE F LAKE SHALA MOUNTAIN PEAKS a RAS DASHAN (4620 M) RAS BIRHAN (4154 M) b MTABUN A YOSEF (4194M) MT YERER (3051 M) C MT GUNA (4281 M) MT GURAGE (3719 M) d AM8AFARIT (3978 M) MT TOLA (4200 M) e MT AMEDAMIT (3619 M) j PEAK IN AMARRO MTS (3600 M) 0 GARA MULETTA (3364 M 40° 42° U° 46° 48° P. C. M. Jansen Spices, condiments and medicinal plants in Ethiopia, their taxonomy and agricultural significance Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor in de landbouwwetenschappen, op gezagva n de rector magnificus, dr. H. C. van der Plas, hoogleraar in de organische scheikunde, inhe t openbaar te verdedigen opwoensda g 10jun i 1981 desnamiddag s te vier uur in de aula van de Landbouwhogeschool te Wageningen Centre for Agricultural Publishingand Documentation Wageningen -1981 Abstract Jansen, P.C .M. , 1981. Spices,condiment s and medicinal plants inEthiopia , their taxonomy and agricultural significance. Agric. Res. Rep. (Versl. landbouwk. Onderz.) 906, ISBN 90-220-0767-7, (xii) + 327 p., 28 figs, 39 photographs, 10 tables, 468 refs, glossary of pharmacological, medical, veterinary terms, indexes of common and scientific plant names. Also: Doctoral thesis, Wageningen. The book isth e third in a series of publications on useful plants of Ethiopia. It describes 12 spices and condiments and 13 medicinal plants, both from a taxonomie and an agricultural viewpoint. The extensive botanical description of each taxon isaccompanie d by a full-page drawing, relevant photographs, lists of synonyms, literature and names, and details on taxonomie problems, geographic distribution, ecology, husbandry, uses and chemical composition. Numerousothe r spices,condiment s andmedicina lplant so f Ethiopia that are not treated in detail are listed separately. Dateo fpublicatio n 15 April198 1 Cover plate:Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) J. F. Gmelin This thesis will also be published as Agricultural Research Reports 906. © Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen, 1981. any other means without written permission from the publishers. Stellingen 1.Vavilov' sgunstig eoordee love rEthiopi ëal sgenencentru m (ChronicaBotanic a 13)i n verbandme tvoo rd ecultuu rgeschikt egewasse nword tdoo rd ei nEthiopi ëaangetroffe n nuttigeplante nslecht ste ndel egesteund . 2.Ethiopi ëbezi td enatuurlijk evoorwaarde n (klimaat,bodem ,bevolking )o mvel e (sub)tropischegewasse nva ngrot eeconomisch ebetekeni sme tsucce si nzee rgrot ehoeveel ­ hedent everbouwen . 3.D eter m 'revisSo'i nverscheiden etaxonomisch epublikatie s ind ePortuges etaa lzo u betervervange nkunne nworde ndoo rd eter m'enumeraçâo' . A.R.Torre ,1963 .Revisa oda sDichapetalacea ed eMozambique .Mem .Junt aInvest . Ultram.2 asêr .41 :23-32 . TelmaFaria ,1973 .RevisS od ealguma sCombretacea ed eMoçambique .Institut od e InvestigaçaoAgronómic ad eMoçambique ,Memoria sno .4 . 4.Al splante nuitgangspun tzij nva nwetenschappelij konderzoek ,dien the tgebruikt e materiaalgeconserveer dt eworde ni nee nHerbarium ,zoda td eidentitei terva nimme r verifieerbaarblijft . 5.Zwerfbou wi see nslecht evertalin gva nhe tbegri p 'shiftingcultivation' . LHWageningen .Collegedictaa tAlgemen ePlantenteel tI . 6.D eonmisbaarhei dva nchloo ral svoedingselemen tvoo rd eoliepal mi sno gnie taangetoond . R.Mancio te tal. ,1979 .Oléagineu x 34:572-580 . 7.D epla nte ntaxonomi eheef t (nog)gee nbevredigen dantwoor do pd evraa gho einfra - specifische taxava ncultuurplante nt eclassificeren . C.Jeffrey , 1968.Systemati ccategorie sfo rcultivate dplants .Taxo n 17(2):109-114 . J.Harla n &J.M.J ,d eWet ,1971 .Towar da rationa lclassificatio no fcultivate dplants . Taxon 20(4):509-517 . 8.Zowe ltheoretisc hal spraktisc hschie td ecultivar-nomenclatuu rt ekort .Hierva nonder ­ vindenbijv .he tstreve no mcultivar st ebehoude nvoo rtoekomstig eontwikkelingen ,d e beschermingva nhe tkwekerseigendo me nhe tveredelingsonderzoe k ernstignadeel . 9.I nd eplantentaxonomi ei sd emorfologi eva nplantenwortel see nverwaarloos dterrein . Hetverdien taanbevelin gbi jhe tverzamele nva nherbariummateriaa l ookwortel sva n struikene nbome nt ebetrekken . 10.He t feitda td e 'CultivatedCode 'nie ti sopgenome ni nd e 'InternationalCod eo f BotanicalNomenclature 'wijs to pee ntekor taa nbelangstellin gva nplantentaxonome nvoo r cultuurplanten. 11.D etaxonomisch einbren gbi jd einrichtin ge ninstandhoudin gva nd eo pverschillend e plaatsente rwerel dgeorganiseerd egenenbanke ni sonvoldoende . 12.Afrikaans egeneeskruide nkunne nn aontwikkelin gva ngoed ecultivars ,teelt -e n verwerkingstechnieken invel elande nva nAfrik asociaa le neconomisc haantrekkelijk e exportartikelenworden . 13.He tproblee mva nd eintegrati eva nd e 'traditionele'geneeskund ei nd e'moderne ' geneeskunde invel eAfrikaans elande ni shoofdzakelij k financieelva naard . WorldHealt hOrganization , 1978.Th epromotio nan ddevelopmen to ftraditiona lmedicine . TechnicalRepor tSerie s622 . 14.D emedicinal eplante nva nAfrik a zoudenongetwijfel da ljare ngelede nme tprioritei t onderwerpgeworde ne ngebleve nzij nva ngrondig estudie ,al sdegene ndi eee ndergelijk e aanpakmogelij kmaken ,aa nd eziekte nzoude nlijde ndi edoo rdez eplante ngeneze nkunne n worden. Proefschriftva nP.C.M. 'Janse n Spices,condiment s andmedicina lplant s inEthiopia ,thei rtaxonom yan dagriculura l significance Wageningen, 10jun i198 1 Curriculum vitae Paulus Cornelis MariaJansen , geboren 10oktobe r 1943t e Dongen Studie Landbouwhogeschool, richting Tropische landbouwplantenteelt, 1967- Ingenieursdiploma: tropische landbouwplantenteelt, erfelijkheidsleer, plan­ tenveredeling, algemene planteziektenkunde. 1974-1977:wetenschappelij k medewerker der Landbouwhogeschool, Labora­ torium voor plantensystematiek en -geografie, werkzaam in NUFFIC-project Ethîop"èntanSatle Van Ethi°pische nutti§e Planten; gedurende 1975-1977 in 1977-1978: vervolg werk NUFFIC-project als operationeel deskundige van 9 SChaPPeliJk ambtenaar rrrTvnnr nrr **Landbouwhogeschool ,Laborato - S 19«nP rSySttmltlek Cn -ge°grafie (Viabeur s van WOTRO). s 3 1 het ministerieva n v m riLdev! nH "" ï ' ] gezondheidi nMozambique ,te r in­ ventarisatieva n demedicinal eplanten ,al soperationee ldeskundig eva nDTH . Samenvatting Dit ishe t derde boek in een serie publikaties over nuttige planten van Ethio­ pië. (Peulvruchten van Ethiopië en Landbouwsystemen van Ethiopië, geschre­ ven door E. Westphal, zijn de eerste twee publikaties.) Van maart 1975 tot juli 1977 werd door mij veldwerk verricht in Ethiopië (verbonden aan de landbouwfaculteit van de Addis Ababa Universiteit te Ale- maya, met financiële steun van NUFFIC en DTH). Talrijke planten uit geheel Ethiopië werden verzameld en bestudeerd (en zijn nu geconserveerd in diverse herbaria, o.a. te Wageningen en te Alemaya, Ethiopië) engegeven s over het gebruikva n deplante nwerde n zorgvuldig geno­ teerd. Zaadmonsters, voornamelijk verzameld op markten (ook door eerdere projectmedewerkers van het NUFFIC-LHW-2-project), werden uitgezaaid in Ethiopië en in Wageningen en alle belangrijke stadia (kiemplant, bloem, vrucht, zaad) werden bestudeerd en verzameld. Van maart 1978 tot oktober 1979 kon ik via een WOTRO-beurs mijn gege­ vensuitwerke n ophe t Laboratorium voor plantensystematiek en-geografi e van de Landbouwhogeschool te Wageningen. In deze studie komen 12specerije n en 13medicinal e planten uitvoerig aan de orde. Elke soort wordt op de volgende wijze behandeld: - verklaring van de wetenschappelijke naam; - auteur, oorspronkelijke publikatie en typificatie van de soort; - opsomming van synoniemen (niet volledig); - lijst van chronologisch gerangschikte literatuur, met korte indicatie van de aard der inhoud; - lokale namen en andere niet-wetenschappelijke namen ind e Engelse, Franse en Duitse taal; - geografische verspreiding van de soort in Ethiopië en elders; - uitgebreide beschrijving van de soort, gebaseerd op herbariummateriaal van Ethiopische planten; - een of twee oorspronkelijke
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