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Mbok: Its Distribution, Meaning, and Function MBOK: ITS DISTRIBUTION, MEANING, AND FUNCTION Ajar Pradika A. Tur Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta [email protected] Abstract: Mbok, in Javanese language, has not only a ’mother’ in meaning. As a lexicon in the language, mbok in one side truly means a ‘mother’ and still has the same meaning although it experiences the morphological process to be, at least, embok, simbok, or mboke. The variations exist and are spoken by Javanese native speakers throughout the Javanese dialects such as Suroboyoan, Solo, Yogyakarta, Bagelen, and Banyumasan dialects spread from the East Java, Yogyakarta, and Central Java. However, mbok, as a particle has different meaning, even different various meanings relying on its distribution in a sentence. Then the meanings bear its different various functions as well in the sentence based on the context of the sentence (grammatical-semantics meaning). Through Teknik Balik (Converse Technique) the data gained was analyzed to distinguish the position of the particle in the sentence in order to reach its significant different meanings and functions. At least, from the analysis, we have three positions of mbok in the sentences, that are in the initial, middle, and the end of the sentences. These positions affect the meanings and functions that can be seen as follows; ‘, is not it?’ (Tag Question) and ‘is/are” (Verbal Question) for emphasizing, ‘please’ for requesting a help, ‘may be’ and ‘in case’ for expressing possibility, and ‘causing’ for expressing cause-effect. Keywords: mbok, semantics, Banyumasan dialect Mbok, in the Javanese language, has a variety lexical meaning (Wedhawati et al., 2006:204). of meanings that do not merely mean ‘mother’. Meanwhile, according to Moeliono (1998:247) As a lexicon in the Javanese language, it means particle is a working word which is attached ‘mother’ and has the same meaning despite to the word that precedes it. Particle is also a undergoing a process of morphological lexicon, word that usually cannot be derived or inflected at least, embok, simbok, and mboke. The lexicons containing grammatical meaning but not lexical appear and are spoken by speakers from various meaning (Kridalaksana, 2001:155). Javanese dialects such as Suroboyoan, Solo, In the Javanese language, except Mbok, there Yogyakarta, Bagelen, and Banyumasan dialect are at least 12 single-particle forms, which stretching from East Java, Yogyakarta, and are kok, dhing, e, i, je, ya, lha, lak, wong, rak, Central Java. But Mbok cannot be interpreted and ta. At a glance, they look like affixations, as a ‘mother’ when is acting as a particle in a but between the particles and the affixations sentence. there are significant differences. As described In Banyumas dialect, lexicon Mbok which acts by Subroto (1991:47) that the particles have as a particle has various meanings depending on the general characteristics of the word class, the attached sentence (grammatical meaning). namely: Particle is a class of words that only has 1) the membership is limited and closed. That grammatical meaning and does not have is why the membership must be listed, Journal on English as a Foreign Language, Volume 4, Number 1, March 2014| 29 2) particles cannot form the basis or bases for Type of Sentences and Mbok Distribution in the formation of a further word through the Sentences morphological process, except in the case Sentence, Frank (1989), is a form of media of transposition, that is used to convey the message of the 3) particles generally do not have a clear speakers. Basically, the form of sentence is meaning at a glance, its meaning commonly declarative and has some decedent forms such becomes clear when is placed in the context as interrogative sentence, imperative sentences, of phrases or sentences, and sentences exciting, and so on. 4) particles are not the center of both, endocentric Declarative Sentences attributive and exocentric construction Declarative sentence is a sentence that phrases. contains news or information presented by Through this paper, I was intrigued to the speakers. analyze the pattern of Mbok distribution in the (1) Jono: Koe arep bali Kebumen kapan? Banyumasan dialect and expose it. Verhaar (2010) (When are you going home explained that the distribution of particles in a to Kebumen?) sentence may occur nevertheless it needs to be Joni: Kemis mbok (Thursday maybe) semantically re-judged whether changing the (2) Mbok koe lolos seleksi beasiswa, lumayan dadi meaning or not. As the following example: entheng biaya sekolahe. (In case you are qualified a) Jono: Apike ngesuk tuku bae, mbok? for scholarships, it can ease the tuition fees It is better to buy, is not it? completion) b) Joni: Mbok aku tukokna ya! (3) Bocah ko sinau bae, mbokan pinter. Dolan bae Please buy it for me! yuh! (You are always studying, becoming a c) Jono: Ya wes. Tak tulise mbok kelalen. smart boy. Let’s play outside!) OK. I write it down in case I forget. Declarative sentence (1) contains mbok that All sentences above contain mbok with various is distributed at the end of a sentence that is distribution and meanings. The distributions used to provide information about possibility. are a) in the end of sentence, b) in the initial of If the particle is moved to the beginning of the sentence, and c) in the middle of the sentence. sentence, then the particle no longer forms a Meanwhile, the various meanings are shown declarative sentence but interrogative, Kemis through a) question tag that expresses confirming, mbok to be mbok Kemis? Nonetheless, Kemis b) request that expresses order, and c) possibility Mbok could be an interrogative sentence if the that expresses perhaps. As a native speaker, question was answered with the other question I would like to review how mbok has various but mbok will have different meanings and distributions and meanings in a sentence functions. What happens in the sentence (2) is depending on the type of sentences. Furthermore, so in which there is mbok at the beginning of it also has various function in a sentence based the sentence. It used to provide information, on the distribution. although it is still a possibility, if the particle is moved to the end of the sentence, the sentence MBOK ANALYSIS will be changed to form interrogative sentences The particles are a class of words that do which of course has a meaning and a function not have independent lexical meaning but that are different. Meanwhile, mbok in the mid- grammatical meaning which can be identified sentence distribution could basically be realized by its application in the sentence. Thus, the but the particle gets -an suffix as in sentence meaning of the particles can vary and depend (3) which means ‘becoming’. on the distribution of variation in meaning in the sentence. 30 |Journal on English as a Foreign Language, Volume 4, Number 1, March 2014 Interrogative Sentences From the explanation of mbok distribution Interrogative sentence is a sentence that is above, it can be seen that declarative sentences used by speakers to ask questions to obtain allow mbok distributed at the beginning and information. In question form, mbok has a at the end of the sentence. Moreover, for the complete distribution, either at the beginning, declarative sentence, mbok could be possibly middle, or even at the end of the sentence. distributed in the middle but getting suffix. (4) Mbok sing arep mangkat sekolah koe? (Are you Meanwhile, interrogative sentences allow mbok the one who will go to school?) dispersed in all positions of distribution in (5) Koe mbok sing mangan apel wingi sore? the sentence. It is different from interrogative (You are the one who ate apple yesterday sentences, the directive sentences distribute the afternoon?) particle only in the initial of the sentence. (6) Lha ya mung koe sing ngerti dalane, mbok? (You Meaning of Particles in Sentence know the direction, do not you?) As described in the mbok distribution above Sentence (4) is a form of interrogative sentences that the distribution has a significant effect in in which mbok is distributed at the beginning giving or expressing meaning of mbok. The of the sentence. Meanwhile, (5) has mbok in the meaning which is born from the presence in the middle of a sentence and in sentence (6), mbok sentence commonly called as the grammatical is at the end of the sentence. Thus, interrogative meaning. Here is a derived meaning of mbok sentence is a sentence that allows mbok distributed which at least can be found from the various throughout positions, either early, middle, or distributions: end of a sentence. Tag Question Directive Sentence Tag question has the form which is opposite For this kind of sentence, mbok is distributed to the main sentence. Frank (1989) also confirms only at the beginning of the sentence. This can that the assertion truly has no meaning unless be seen at the examples below: the existence of the main sentence accompanies (7) Mbok gawakna kursine mrene! (Please bring it oppositely. The opposite means that if the the chair here!) main sentence has positive value, so the tag (8) Mbok aja turu wae kaya enthung! (Please, do not question has the negative one and it is vice sleep for the whole day like a chrysalis (butterfly versa. For example, in English, there are words metamorphosis phase after caterpillar)!) “You come late today, do not you?” The main Both sentences above, (7) and (8), are containing sentence, “You come late today”, is considered mbok which is distributed at the beginning of to be positive so that the shape of tag question sentences. If mbok is moved to the middle or to should be negative, “do not you”. Mbok is the end of the sentences, it forms uncommon possibly to have positive or negative values.
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