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Emil Djakov Institute of Electronics Annual Report

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Emil Djakov Institute of Electronics Annual Report БЪЛГАРСКА АКАДЕМИЯ НА НАУКИТЕ ИНСТИТУТ ПО ЕЛЕКТРОНИКА “АКАДЕМИК ЕМИЛ ДЖАКОВ” BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES INSTITUTE OF ELECTRONICS “ACADEMICIAN EMIL DJAKOV” EMIL DJAKOV INSTITUTE OF ELECTRONICS ANNUAL REPORT 2013 Editors: Ch. Ghelev and N. Guerassimov 3 Annual Report IE 2013 Contents Page About the Academician Emil Djakov Institute of Electronics 4 Laboratories: 9 ● Plasma Physics and Engineering 11 ● Physical Problems of Ion Technologies 19 ● Physical Problems of Electron Beam Technologies 22 ● Superconductivity and Cryoelectronics 30 ● Micro- and Nano-photonics 35 ● Biophotonics 41 ● Laser Systems 55 ● Nonlinear and Fiber Optics 60 ● Laser Radars 64 ● Microwave Physics and Technologies 72 ● Microwave Magnetics 75 ● Physical Technologies 80 Selected Projects: 85 ● Modeling and Simulation of Gyrotrons for ITER 87 ● 3D Femtosecond Laser Microprocessing of Biomaterials for 95 Application in Medicine ● Light-induced Atomic Desorption (LIAD) for All-optical Control 99 of Light ● Velocity Distribution of Alkali Atoms in Micrometric Thin Cells 103 ● Room-temperature Multiferroics Based on Y-type Hexaferrites 108 Scientific Events: 115 ● Eighteenth International Summer School on Vacuum, Electron and 117 Ion Technologies (VEIT 2013) Awards 119 4 About the Acad. E. Djakov Institute of Electronics ABOUT THE ACADEMICIAN EMIL DJAKOV INSTITUTE OF ELECTRONICS In its quality of a part of the Bulgarian techniques, research and industrial Academy of Sciences, the Institute’s equipment for micro- and nano- mission is to acquire, accumulate and structuring, thin films deposition and disseminate scientific knowledge and study, modification of surfaces, vacuum technologies in its research field, thus melting and welding of metals by intense contributing to Bulgarian people’s electron beams. The physical basis is intellectual and material enrichment and to being formed of creating nanostructures, widening humankind’s scientific horizons. nanomaterials and nanoelements by The Institute of Electronics at the using electron and ion beams. Bulgarian Academy of Sciences was Furthermore, fundamental properties are established in 1963 as a non-profit state being investigated of gasses and gas organization conducting research, plasma, plasma arcs and plasma torches education and dissemination of scientific in view of developing diagnostic knowledge in the fields of Physical techniques and applications in thin films Electronics, Photonics and Quantum deposition and plasma chemistry. Electronics and Radio Sciences. Soon, the The research in photonics and quantum Institute of Electronics evolved as a electronics comprises theoretical and leading scientific institution in these areas experimental studies on the interaction of of applied physics and engineering within short and ultrashort lasers pulses with the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and in matter; development of novel Bulgaria. nanostructuring technologies; laser thin- Through the years, the Institute’s films deposition and treatment; light- research field and structure have induced absorption and transmission in developed dynamically in response to the alkaline vapors; development of complex changes taking place in the main trends laser systems for analysis and modification in applied physics and technologies: of semiconducting and superconducting materials science and technologies, materials; theoretical and experimental physics of nano-sized objects and investigation of non-linear optical nanotechnologies, nanoelectronics, phenomena; biomedical photonics. photonics, opto-electronics, quantum The research efforts in radiophysics are optics, environmental physics and directed to clarifying the processes of monitoring, biomedical photonics and interaction of optical and microwave biomedical applications. electromagnetic radiation with the The Institute’s main areas of scientific atmosphere and the Earth’s surface; development have been preserved, while developing experimental systems for laser the specific research today takes into remote sensing and monitoring of the account the contemporary problems and atmosphere; microwave remote requirements, the world-wide tendencies radiometric measurement of soil moisture and Bulgaria’s specificity and traditions. content; developing algorithms and The research efforts in physical techniques for signals and information electronics are concentrated on studying processing; constructing microwave units and solving the problems of generating and systems for radar and communication and controlling electron and ion beams applications; studying non-linear processes and their interaction with materials. This in optical communication media. New includes theoretical modeling, modern ferrite devices with micrometric 5 Annual Report IE 2013 dimensions were developed with Scientists from the Institute are possibility for a higher degree of delivering 35 academic courses in ten integration. Active research on gyro- universities in Bulgaria and have been magnetic materials is underway, in view of invited to lecture at universities in the reaching higher frequency ranges, European Union, Japan, etc. At present, especially mm-waves for wireless eight doctoral students are preparing their communications and protection from theses in the Institute. powerful microwave radiation. The Academician Emil Djakov In all three fields of research, the Institute of Electronics was where the first Institute’s scientists have achieved Bulgarian laser, lidar, plasma torch, internationally-recognized priority by ultrahigh vacuum pump, micro-channel discovering new physical phenomena and electron-optical converter, parametric relations, among which are ion channeling microwave amplifier, Josephson junctions in the semi-channels of a crystal surface and SQUID, portable microwave moisture and hyperchanneling at grazing angles; meter, magnetometer, installations for ion-stimulated sorption; plasma electrodes electron lithography, electron beam for gas lasers; particularities in the melting, refining, and welding were built, interaction of electron and ion beams with followed by the development of several materials; electromagnetically induced advanced e-beam technologies, novel absorption in Hanle configuration. types of optical gas sensors, pioneering Scientists from the Institute are achievements in nanostructuring and actively involved as experts in the work of nanoparticle formation, laser and plasma a number of governmental and high technologies. international organizations, such as the The Academician Emil Djakov National Scientific Fund, scientific boards Institute of Electronics aims to sustain and at other institutes within the Bulgarian advance previous pioneering work by Academy of Sciences, academic boards of promoting the theory, basic science and universities, editorial boards of Bulgarian technology of photonics, optoelectronics, and international scientific journals, expert environmental monitoring, laser bio- boards of the European Commission, medical research and applications. This program committees of national and involves searching for new materials, new international scientific events. techniques, new devices and new applications. STRATEGIC PLAN AND PRIORITIES FOR 2014-2016 The development is envisaged of The Institute of Electronics’ strategic research subjects and short-and long-term plan for scientific research is based on the plans, including the prospects for results and achievements obtained by the strengthening the interdisciplinary most competitive researchers and cooperations within the Academy, at laboratories. It coincides nowadays with national level and internationally (in several emerging fields. The research Europe and worldwide). activity of the Institute has had the The physical and engineering sciences tendency of becoming more complex and are key driving forces for research and interdisciplinary. Bearing in mind the innovation, providing fundamental insight priorities of the National Strategy for and creating new applications. Scientific Development 2020 and of 6 About the Acad. E. Djakov Institute of Electronics Horizon 2020 for the next three years the Topic 3. Physics and diagnostics of the Institute’s research priorities will be: plasma in controlled thermonuclear fusion (CTF) reactors. Theory, Topic 1. Electronic, ionic and optical modeling, experiments. (Within the techniques for development of new framework of the European Fusion materials and methods for their Development Agreement (EFDA) and characterization. Nanomaterials and EURATOM). nanotechnologies. 3.1. Development and application of 1.1. Electronic techniques; novel, highly-efficient techniques for 1.2. Ionic techniques; experimental determination of the 1.3. New magnetic materials and parameters of magnetically-confined superconductivity; plasma in CTF reactors of the 1.4. Optical techniques. tokamak (incl. ITER and DEMO) and stellarator types; Topic 2. Photonics for quality of life 3.2. Theoretical and numerical studies improvement: photonic techniques for of high-power gyrotrons for electron analysis of media and structures. cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) 2.1. Biophotonics; and current drive (ECCD) in CTF 2.2. Remote sounding of the reactors and of high-frequency atmosphere: remote studies of aerosol gyrotrons for novel technological processes, cloud formations and applications and for fundamental gaseous pollution in the atmosphere scientific research. Development of over Republic of Bulgaria and across computer software and carrying out Europe as a part of the EARLINET numerical
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