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Българската Народна Банка of the Bulgarian National Bank

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Посвещава се на годишнината Celebrating от основаването the Anniversary на Българската народна банка of the Bulgarian National Bank ОЛЕГ НЕДЯЛКОВ OLEG NEDYALKOV ЛЮДМИЛА ДИМОВА LYUDMILA DIMOVA БЪЛГАРСКАТА THE BULGARIAN НАРОДНА БАНКА NATIONAL BANK И НЕЙНАТА РОЛЯ AND ITS ROLE В СТОПАНСКОТО IN BULGARIAN РАЗВИТИЕ ECONOMIC НА БЪЛГАРИЯ DEVELOPMENT (1879–2009) София Sofia 2009 Изказваме искрената си благодарност на членовете на The Authors express sincere gratitude to the members of the Управителния съвет на БНБ за оказаната подкрепа и за BNB Governing Council for its support and for their valuable ценните бележки и препоръки, на Владимир Ташков и comments and suggestions, to Vladimir Tashkov and Vasil Ko- Васил Коларов за предоставената информация, както и на larov for the information they shared, and to Christo Yanovsky Христо Яновски за препоръките и уточненията, помогнали for its helpful feedback and elaborations. ни в работата по това издание. Специална благодарност дължим на редакторите Нина Special thanks are due to editors Nina Ivanova (Bulgarian) and Иванова (бълг.) и Ивета Колчакова (англ.) за прецизната Iveta Kolchakova (English) for the precision they injected into работа по текста, на преводача Питър Скип и на Калин the text, to translator Peter Skipp and to Kalin Atanassov and Атанасов и служителите от Полиграфичната база на the BNB Publications Division staff for the professional and БНБ за високопрофесионалната и самоотвержена работа, unstinting effort which made possible the timely appearance направила възможно навременното отпечатване на of this work. книгата. Aвторите The Authors Използваните илюстрации са от Архива на БНБ, The publication uses illustrations from the BNB Archive, колекцията на Иван Бърнев – Буби, Централния the Ivan Barnev “Bubi” Collection, the Central State Archive, държавен архив, Българския исторически архив на the Sveti Sveti Kiril i Metodiy National Library Historical Народна библиотека „Св. св. Кирил и Методий“, Музея Archive, the Museum of Sofia History, за история на София, Българската телеграфна агенция, the BTA Bulgarian News Agency, Reuters „Ройтерс“ и Георги Чорбаджийски. and Georgi Chorbadzhiyski. ISBN 978-954-8579-25-4 ISBN 978-954-8579-25-4 JEL classification N00 JEL Classification N00 © Олег Недялков, Людмила Димова, автори, 2009 © Oleg Nedyalkov, Lyudmila Dimova, authors, 2009 © Валери Александров, художник, 2009 © Valeri Aleksandrov, Artist, 2009 © Питър Скип, преводач, 2009 © Peter Skipp, Translator, 2009 Издание на Българската народна банка A Bulgarian National Bank Publication 1000 София, пл. „Княз Александър I“ № 1 1000 Sofia, Knyaz Alexander I Square No 1 Телефон 9145-1271 Telephone (+3592) 91451271 Факс (3592) 980 2425, 980 6493 Fax (+3592) 9802425, 980 6493 Интернет страница: www.bnb.bg Web: www.bnb.bg … a chi esamina con diligenza le cose passate, prevedere in ogni Republica le future… Niccolò Machiavelli “Discorsi sopra la prima Deca di Tito Livio” ... който иска да прозре бъдещето, трябва да се допита до миналото... Николо Макиавели „Размишления върху първите десет книги на Тит Ливий“ („Размишления“) … to whoever with diligence examines past events, foretelling the future of any Republic comes with facility… Niccolò Machiavelli “Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius“ (The Discourses) Като една от най-старите нацио- As one of the nation’s oldest offices, нални институции БНБ е сред стожери- the BNB is that pillar of modern Bulgarian те на модерната българска държавност, sovereignty upon which Bulgaria’s economic на които се основава стопанското раз- development rests. витие на България. An Ukaze of the Prince Dondoukoff-Kor- Българската народна банка е създа- sakoff, Russian Imperial Commissioner to Bul- дена непосредствено след Освобождeние- garia, established the Bulgarian National Bank то, на 25 януари 1879 г., с указ на княз on January 25th, 1879, immediately after the Дондуков-Корсаков, комисар на руския Liberation. Governor was Special Commissions император в България. За управител е Official Ludovig Carbonneur, an officer of the назначен колежкият съветник Лудвиг Кар- Russian Ministry of Finance. June 6th of that боньор – чиновник за особени поръчки в year, inaugural day of the Bulgarian National Министерството на финансите на Ру- Bank, saw the first banking transaction. сия, а на 6 юни същата година, отбеляз- The history of the BNB is nothing less Лудвиг Карбоньор Ludovig Carbonneur вана като рождена дата на централната than the story of Bulgaria’s post-Liberation банка на България, е извършена и първата economy. The Bank’s fate reflects the char- банкова операция. acteristic features of national economic devel- Историята на БНБ е всъщност opment, in turn stamping upon it its ineras- разказ за стопанското развитие на Бъл- able imprint. Over the past 130 years, modern гария след Oсвобождението. Съдбата на Bulgaria and its central bank have scaled the банката отразява характерните черти crests of prosperity and trodden the depths of на българското стопанско развитие и decline which together shape the economic оставя върху него своя отпечатък. Вече relief map of Bulgaria. 130 години България, а с нея и централ- ната є банка, преминават през периоди на икономически разцвет и упадък, кои- то ясно очертават стопанския релеф на страната. Устав на Българската Развитието на модерните общест- народна банка, 1879 г. ва, тяхното институционно строител- Articles of Association of the ство и икономически напредък невинаги Bulgarian National Bank, 1879 съвпадат с времето на учредяване и ус- тройство на техните национални цент- рални банки. Добре известен факт е, че централните банки на редица развити 7 днес държави са създадени едва през ХХ в., The development of modern societies, като в началото му в света същест- their institutional advancement, and trading prog- вуват само осемнадесет, една от кои- ress do not invariably imply the establishment of то е БНБ – тринадесетата по реда на national banks. It is a well-known fact that the създаването є сред централните банки. central banks of a number of today’s developed Това, което отличава БНБ от повечето nations emerged only in the 20th Century; only други централни банки, е, че тя не само 18 such banks existed at the fin de siècle, one е връстница на съвременната българска of them being the BNB, the world’s 13th succes- държава, но създаването є предхожда във sive central bank by date of establishment. What времето такива основополагащи за въз- distinguishes the BNB from most other central раждането на българската държавност banks is that it is of the same age as the modern събития, като свикването на Учредител- Bulgarian state and its establishment preceded ното събрание, изработването и приема- the convening of the Constituent Assembly, the нето на Конституцията, избора на дър- working out and adopting of the Constitution, жавен глава и съставянето на първото the election of the head of the state and the правителство. formation of the first government. 8 СЪЗДАВАНЕ НА БНБ THE BNB AND И РАЗВИТИЕ THE GROWTH НА КАПИТАЛИЗМА OF BULGARIAN В БЪЛГАРИЯ CAPITALISM (1879–1944) БНБ е създадена като ав то ном но At institution, the Bank was an autono- дър жав но учреждение, ко ето се на ми ра mous office of state under Ministry of Finance под кон т ро ла на Министерството на control. Its authorised capital was two mil- финансите. Ка пи талът є възлиза на 2 млн. lion French francs: fixed capital worth 1.8 френски франка, от ко ито 1800 хил. ос но- million and reserve capital worth 200,000. вен и 200 хил. резервен. В ус та ва кон к- Articles of Association stipulated the opera- рет но се по соч ва т операциите, ко ито tions the Bank would conduct: taking time тя трябва да из вър ш ва: да при ема сроч- and demand deposits, administering current ни и без с роч ни влогове и пари по те ку щи accounts, lending against sound security, сметки, да предоставя па ри сре щу си гур- discounting policies and other term bonds, ни гаранции, да скон ти ра по ли ци и дру ги transferring money, opening subscriptions for сроч ни задъл же ния, да пре веж да па рич ни government and municipal loans, trading in суми, да от к ри ва под пис ки за дър жав ни noble metals, foreign coinage, domestic and и об щин с ки заеми, да из вър ш ва по куп ка foreign exchange on its own account or as и про даж ба за своя или за чуж да смет ка an agent, safekeeping (against consideration) на бла го род ни метали, чуж дес т ран ни мо- нети, вътреш ни и чуж дес т ран ни мени- телници, да при ема за съх ра не ние (срещу зап ла ща не) па ри и ценности, да извър ш- ва безвъз мез д но ка со вото обслужване на държа вния бюджет. Не се разрешава БНБ да кредитира държавата. Свободните Първо щатно разписание на БНБ, 25 януари 1879 г. сред с т ва на бюджета тя съхранява без- The first payroll schedule of the лихвено, като има пра во да ги изпол з ва BNB, 25 January 1879 в сво ята кре дит на дейност1. От 21 май 1879 г. влиза в си ла и „Ин струкция за БНБ и нейни те от де ле ния“, с която подробно са определени задълженията и дейността на банковите служители, правилата за извършване на банковите операции и за водене на счетоводството и деловодст- monies and valuables, and servicing the state вото, уредбата на банковото хранилище budget (for no consideration). The Bank was и неговата охрана. not allowed to lend to government. It kept Дейнос т та на БНБ започва на 6 юни any free budget funds at no interest, hav- 1879 г., ко га то дър жа ва та внася в банка- ing the right to employ them for its lending 1 Уставъ Болгарскаго Народнаго Банка. – Във: Юбилеенъ сборникъ на Българската народна банка, 1879– 11 1929 г. С., 1929, с. 137 и сл. та 8 697 043 лв. От тази су ма 1800 хил.
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    Contents of “Nauka” (Science Magazine), Year XIX, Issues 1-6, 2009 Aimaliev, Ivan – Young Specialist of the Future 1/59 Angelov, Georgi – Bulgarian Science in World Databases: Publications and Quotations 3/25 Arnaudov, Atanas – The High-security Laboratories for Infectious Diseases – Shield against Exotic Animal Infections 2/48 Arsenova, Iska - Pro and Con Analysis of Citations 2/52 Arsenova, Iskra - Reproduction of Human Resource in Science in Bulgaria (Year 2007) 3/59 Avramov, Lachezar – Up-to-date Forms of Science and Technology Transfer 3/20 Bachvarova, Svetla, Kolev, Nikola – Science an the Service of Agriculture in Bulgarian Regions 3/39 Bakardjieva, Nina – Evolutionary ecology 1/73 Balevski, Vassil – Academician Michail Arnaudov – Literary Critic, Folklorist, Etnographer and Historian of Bulgarian Culture 4/66 Bojadjieva, Elinka – The Choice of Sofia for Capital of Free Bulgaria 5/41 Bonchev, Alexander – The Future of Genetically Modified Organisms in a Changing World 5/48 Boyadjieva, Pepka – The University as a Cathedral 1/10 Boyanov, Kiril, Todorov, Dimitar – Information and Communication Technologies as Basic Infrastructure for Science Development 3/32 Burnet, Frank – Science Communication 3/73 Chakarova, Krassimira – The Union of Scientists in Bulgaria – Plovdiv Branch Celebrates its 60th Anniversary 1/48 Chillev, Georgi – The problems of the Balkan nation’s identity 6/27 Chobanova, Rossitsa – The Works of Academician Ivan Evstratiev Geshov – Source for Economic Sciences Development in Bulgaria 5/55 Damyanov, Damyan – About
  • Branch/BC/Office Address BLAG OEVG RAD Blagoevgrad Tsar Shishman Blagoevgrad, Ul. Tsarivan Shishman 22 Sandanski Sandanski

    Branch/BC/Office Address BLAG OEVG RAD Blagoevgrad Tsar Shishman Blagoevgrad, Ul. Tsarivan Shishman 22 Sandanski Sandanski

    UniCredit Business Information / УниКредит Бизнес Информация Branch/BC/Office Address Blagoevgrad Tsar Shishman Blagoevgrad, ul. TsarIvan Shishman 22 Sandanski Sandanski, ul. Makedonia 52 Gotse Delchev Gotse Delchev, ul. Byalo more 11 Kyustendil Kyustendil, ul. Demokratsiya 39 Dupnitsa Dupnitsa, ul. Ivan Vazov 3 BLAGOEVGRAD Pernik Pernik, ul. Krakra 41 Razlog Razlog, ul. Ekzarh Yosif 1 Nesebar Nesebar, ul. Han Krum 38 Aytos Aytos, ul. Stantsionna 27 Burgas Business Clients Advisory Burgas, ul. Aleksandrovska 22 Center Burgas Corporate Branch Burgas, ul. Aleksandrovska 22 Burgas Burgas, ul. Aleksandrovska 22 Burgas Individuals Advisory Center Burgas, ul. Aleksandrovska 22 BURGAS Burgas Private Banking Burgas, ul. Aleksandrovska 22 Pomorie Pomorie, ul. Graf Ignatiev 2a Karnobat Karnobat, bul. Bulgaria 14 Sunny Beach Sunny Beach, Sapphire Business Center Tsarevo Tsarevo, ul. Kraymorska 20 Yambol Yambol, ul. George Papazov 3 Balchik Balchik, ul. Cherno more 34A Varna Corporate Branch Varna, bul. Slivnitsa 28 Varna Han Omurtag Varna, ul. Gabrovo 2 Varna Cherno More Varna, ul. Petko Karavelov 9 Burgas Individuals Advisory Center Varna, ul. Petko Karavelov 9 Varna Shipka Varna, ul. Maria Luisa 39 Varna Private Banking Varna, ul. Maria Luisa 39 VARNA Varna Podaratsi Varna, ul. Knyaz Boris I 43 Dobrich Dobrich, ul. Bulgaria 3 Shumen Shumen, bul Slavyanski 8 Silistra Silistra, ul. Dobrudzha 3 Kavarna Kavarna, ul. Dobrotitsa 37, Musala building Pleven Vasil Levski Pleven, ul. Vasil Levski 121 Pleven Danail Popov Pleven, ul. Danail Popov 13, Volga building Montana Treti Mart Montana, bul. Treti Mart 72 Vidin Vidin, bul. Tsar Simeon Veliki 3 PLEVEN Vratsa Vratsa, ul. Krastio Balgariata 17a Lovetch Lovech, ul. Akademik Ishirkov 10 Troyan Troyan, ul.
  • The Members of Parliament of Rousse in the Constituent Assеmbly

    The Members of Parliament of Rousse in the Constituent Assеmbly

    НАУЧНИ ТРУДОВЕ НА РУСЕНСКИЯ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ - 2012, том 51, серия 6.2 The members of Parliament of Rousse in the constituent Assеmbly Lyubomir Zlatev Abstract: In the present statement the author reveals the participation of the national delegation from Rousse in the Constituent Assembly, which started in the beginning of the Third Bulgarian Country. It is outlined the personal contribution of the separate representatives from Rousse in the elaboration of the main national law − the Constitution of Tarnovo. Key words: The Constituent Assembly, a member, a constitution, an election. INTRODUCTION The most important moment of the initial stage of the country-creative process in Bulgaria after the Liberation was convening the Constituent Assembly in Tarnovo which was sitting from 10th February to 16th April 1879. The Constituent Assembly should write and accept the basic law of the revived from the slavery Third Bulgarian Country – the Constitution concerning the decrees of clause 4 from Berlin Treaty. 229 MPs participated in the work of the Assembly – 117 by title, 12 MPs - from senior clergy and 105 – chairmen of boards and courts, 88 – optional, 5 – representatives of institutions and companies and 19 – appointed by Russian Imperial Commissioner. National representation – by title, optional and by appointment – included the elite of Bulgarian society. Representatives from Renaissance intellectuals – teachers, doctors, lawyers, publicists and bookmen prevailed. Characteristic feature was that MPs were mainly from the stratum of urban residents while rural population was under-represented. Most of them were on the average for the time age - 30-40-year-old people, i.e. people who had been forming their worldview during 60's and 70's years of ХІХ century.
  • Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan of Sofia Municipality Historical Urban Core Central Urban Area Inner City Peripheral City Surrounding Area

    Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan of Sofia Municipality Historical Urban Core Central Urban Area Inner City Peripheral City Surrounding Area

    INTRODUCTION 1 I NTRODUCTION The Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan 2019 – 2035 for Sofia Municipality has been elaborated under the project “Modernized trams for the City of Sofia” co-financed by Switzerland in the framework of the Swiss Contribution to the enlarged European Union and was adopted by the Sofia Municipal Council with Decision No.379 at Session No.78 dated 27th June 2019. http://swiss-contribution.bg/ 2 INTRODUCTION Contents Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 8 Spatial structure and demographic development of Sofia .............................................................. 15 1. Spatial structure .................................................................................................................. 15 2. Population ........................................................................................................................... 17 Analysis of the current situation ..................................................................................................... 19 Specialized survey .................................................................................................................. 20 1. Pedestrian traffic ................................................................................................................. 25 2. Bicycle traffic...................................................................................................................... 31 3. Public transport