HISTORY of the CHRISTIAN CHURCH, VOLUME IV
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HISTORY of the CHRISTIAN CHURCH, VOLUME IV. MEDIAEVAL CHRISTIAINITY PHILIP SCHAFF HISTORY of the CHRISTIAN CHURCH, VOLUME IV. MEDIAEVAL CHRISTIAINITY Table of Contents HISTORY of the CHRISTIAN CHURCH, VOLUME IV. MEDIAEVAL CHRISTIAINITY.........................1 PHILIP SCHAFF...........................................................................................................................................2 CHAPTER I. General Introduction to Mediaeval Church History..............................................................10 CHAPTER II. CONVERSION OF THE NORTHERN AND WESTERN BARBARIANS......................17 CHAPTER III. MOHAMMEDANISM IN ITS RELATION TO CHRISTIANITY..................................69 CHAPTER IV. THE PAPAL HIERARCHY AND THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE................................94 CHAPTER V. THE CONFLICT OF THE EASTERN AND WESTERN CHURCHES AND THEIR SEPARATION..........................................................................................................................................153 CHAPTER VI. MORALS AND RELIGION............................................................................................163 CHAPTER VII. MONASTICISM.............................................................................................................179 CHAPTER VIII. CHURCH DISCIPLINE................................................................................................182 CHAPTER IX. CHURCH AND STATE..................................................................................................189 CHAPTER X. WORSHIP AND CEREMONIES.....................................................................................194 CHAPTER XI. DOCTRINAL CONTROVERSIES.................................................................................229 CHAPTER XII. HERETICAL SECTS......................................................................................................267 CHAPTER XIII. THE STATE OF LEARNING.......................................................................................272 CHAPTER XIV. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF ECCLESIASTICAL WRITERS..........................287 i HISTORY of the CHRISTIAN CHURCH, VOLUME IV. MEDIAEVAL CHRISTIAINITY HISTORY of the CHRISTIAN CHURCH, VOLUME IV. MEDIAEVAL CHRISTIAINITY 1 HISTORY of the CHRISTIAN CHURCH, VOLUME IV. MEDIAEVAL CHRISTIAINITY PHILIP SCHAFF This page copyright © 2002 Blackmask Online. http://www.blackmask.com • CHAPTER I. General Introduction to Mediaeval Church History. • CHAPTER II. CONVERSION OF THE NORTHERN AND WESTERN BARBARIANS • CHAPTER III. MOHAMMEDANISM IN ITS RELATION TO CHRISTIANITY. • CHAPTER IV. THE PAPAL HIERARCHY AND THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE. • CHAPTER V. THE CONFLICT OF THE EASTERN AND WESTERN CHURCHES AND THEIR SEPARATION. • CHAPTER VI. MORALS AND RELIGION. • CHAPTER VII. MONASTICISM. • CHAPTER VIII. CHURCH DISCIPLINE. • CHAPTER IX. CHURCH AND STATE. • CHAPTER X. WORSHIP AND CEREMONIES. • CHAPTER XI. DOCTRINAL CONTROVERSIES. • CHAPTER XII. HERETICAL SECTS. • CHAPTER XIII. THE STATE OF LEARNING. • CHAPTER XIV. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF ECCLESIASTICAL WRITERS. Christianus sum. Christiani nihil a me alienum puto From Gregory I to Gregory VII A.D. 590—1073 ———— contents ———————— MEDIEVAL CHRISTIANITY From a. d. 590 —1517. ———————— CHAPTER I. General Introduction to Mediaeval Church History PHILIP SCHAFF 2 HISTORY of the CHRISTIAN CHURCH, VOLUME IV. MEDIAEVAL CHRISTIAINITY § 1. Sources and Literature. § 2. The Middle Age. Limits and General Character. § 3. The Nations of Mediaeval Christianity. The Kelt, the Teuton, and the Slav. § 4. Genius of Mediaeval Christianity. § 5. Periods of the Middle Age. FOURTH PERIOD: THE CHURCH AMONG THE BARBARIANS From Gregory I. To Gregory VII. A. D. 590 — 1049 (1073). CHAPTER II. The Conversion of the Northern and Western Barbarians. § 6. Character of Mediaeval Missions. I. The Conversion of England, Ireland, and Scotland. § 7. Literature. § 8. The Britons. § 9. The Anglo−Saxons. § 10. The Mission of Gregory and Augustin. Conversion of Kent, a. d. 595—604. § 11. Antagonism of the Saxon and British Clergy. § 12. Conversion of the Other Kingdoms of the Heptarchy. § 13. Conformity to Row Established. Wilfrid, Theodore, Bede. § 14. The Conversion of Ireland. St. Patrick and St. Bridget. § 15. The Irish Church after St. Patrick. § 16. Subjection of Ireland to English and Roman Rule. § 17. The Conversion of Scotland. St. Ninian and St. Kentigern. § 18. St. Columba and the Monastery of Iona. § 19. The Culdees. § 20. Extinction of the Keltic Church, and Triumph of Rome under King David I. II. The Conversion of France, Germany, and Adjacent Countries. § 21. Arian Christianity among the Goths and other German Tribes. § 22. Conversion of Clovis and the Franks. § 23. Columbanus and the Irish Missionaries on the Continent. PHILIP SCHAFF 3 HISTORY of the CHRISTIAN CHURCH, VOLUME IV. MEDIAEVAL CHRISTIAINITY § 24. German Missionaries before Boniface. § 25. Boniface, the Apostle of Germany. § 26. The Pupils of Boniface. Willibald, Gregory of Utrecht, Sturm of Fulda. § 27. The Conversion of the Saxons. Charlemagne and Alcuin. The Heliand, and the Gospel−Harmony. III. The Conversion of Scandanavis. § 28. Scandinavian Heathenism. § 29. The Christianization of Denmark. St. Ansgar. § 30. The Christianization of Sweden. § 31. The Christianization of Norway and Iceland. IV. The Christianization of the Slavs. § 32. General Survey. § 33. Christian Missions among the Wends. § 34. Cyrillus and Methodius, the Apostles of the Slavs. Christianization of Moravia, Bohemia and Poland. § 35. The Conversion of the Bulgarians. § 36. The Conversion of the Magyars. § 37. The Christianization of Russia. CHAPTER III. Mohammedanism in its Relation to Christianity. § 38. Literature. § 39. Statistics and Chronological Table. § 40. Position of Mohammedanism in Church History. § 41. The Home, and the Antecedents of Islâm. § 42. Life and Character of Mohammed. § 43. The Conquests of Islâm. § 44. The Koran, and the Bible. § 45. The Mohammedan Religion. § 46. Mohammedan Worship. § 47. Christian Polemics against Mohammedanism. Note on Mormonism. CHAPTER IV. The Papal Hierarchy and the Holy Roman Empire. § 48. General Literature on the Papacy. § 49. Chronological Table of the Popes, Anti−Popes, and Roman Emperors from Gregory I. to Leo XIII. § 50. Gregory the Great. a. d. 590—604. § 51. Gregory and the Universal Episcopate. § 52. The Writings of Gregory. § 53. The Papacy from Gregory I to Gregory II. a. d. 604—715. § 54. From Gregory II to Zacharias. a. d. 715—741. PHILIP SCHAFF 4 HISTORY of the CHRISTIAN CHURCH, VOLUME IV. MEDIAEVAL CHRISTIAINITY § 55. Alliance of the Papacy with the New Monarchy of the Franks. Pepin and the Patrimony of St. Peter. a. d. 741—755. § 56. Charles the Great. a. d. 768—814. § 57. Founding of the Holy Roman Empire, a. d. 800. Charlemagne and Leo III § 58. Survey of the History of the Holy Roman Empire. § 59. The Papacy and the Empire from the Death of Charlemagne to Nicolas I a. d. 814—858). Note on the Myth of the Papess Joan. § 60. The Pseudo−Isidorian Decretals. § 61. Nicolas I., April, 858−Nov. 13, 867. § 62. Hadrian II. and John VIII a. d. 867 to 882. § 63. The Degradation of the Papacy in the Tenth Century. § 64. The Interference of Otho the Great. § 65. The Second Degradation of the Papacy from Otho I to Henry III. a. d. 973—1046. § 66. Henry III and the Synod of Sutri. Deposition of three rival Popes. a. d. 1046. CHAPTER V. The Conflict of the Eastern and Western Churches and Their Separation. § 67. Sources and Literature. § 68. The Consensus and Dissensus between the Greek and Latin Churches. § 69. The Causes of Separation. § 70. The Patriarch and the Pope. Photius and Nicolas. § 71. Progress and Completion of the Schism. Cerularius. § 72. Fruitless Attempts at Reunion. CHAPTER VI. Morals and Religion. § 73. Literature. § 74. General Character of Mediaeval Morals. § 75. Clerical Morals. § 76. Domestic Life. § 77. Slavery. § 78. Feuds and Private Wars. The Truce of God. § 79. The Ordeal. § 80. The Torture. § 81. Christian Charity. CHAPTER VII. Monasticism. § 82. Use of Convents in the Middle Ages. § 83. St. Benedict. St. Nilus. St. Romuald. § 84. The Convent of Cluny. PHILIP SCHAFF 5 HISTORY of the CHRISTIAN CHURCH, VOLUME IV. MEDIAEVAL CHRISTIAINITY CHAPTER VIII. Church Discipline. § 85. The Penitential Books. § 86. Ecclesiastical Punishments. Excommunication, Anathema, Interdict. § 87. Penance and Indulgence. CHAPTER IX. Church and State. § 88. Legislation. § 89. The Roman Law. § 90. The Capitularies of Charlemagne. § 91. English Legislation. CHAPTER X. Worship and Ceremonies. § 92. The Mass. § 93. The Sermon. § 94. Church Poetry. Greek Hymns and Hymnists. § 95. Latin Hymnody. Literature. § 96. Latin Hymns and Hymnists. § 97. The Seven Sacraments. § 98. The Organ and the Bell. § 99. The Worship of Saints. § 100. The Worship of Images. Literature. Different Theories. § 101. The Iconoclastic War, and the Synod of 754. § 102. The Restoration of Image−Worship by the Seventh Oecumenical Council, 787. § 103. Iconoclastic Reaction, and Final Triumph of Image−Worship, a. d. 842. § 104. The Caroline Books and the Frankish Church on Image−Worship. § 105. Evangelical Reformers. Agobardus of Lyons, and Claudius of Turin. CHAPTER XI. Doctrinal Controversies. § 106. General Survey. § 107. The Controversy on the Procession of the Holy Spirit. § 108. The Arguments for and against the Filioque. § 109. The Monotheletic Controversy. § 110. The Doctrine of Two Wills in Christ. § 111. History of Monotheletism and Dyotheletism.