DOCSLIB.ORG

Ecological Integrity and Environmental Protection for Vijayawada Region Â

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Ecological Integrity and Environmental Protection for Vijayawada Region  International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment (2015) 4, 109–116 HOSTED BY Gulf Organisation for Research and Development International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment ScienceDirect www.sciencedirect.com Original Article/Research Ecological integrity and environmental protection for Vijayawada region – Scattered Eastern Ghats Srikonda Ramesh a,⇑,1, K. Kaplana b a School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada, India b Department of Sociology and Social Work, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India Received 8 July 2014; accepted 10 March 2015 Abstract The ecological integrity is widely discussed as a new concept by several ecologists and environmentalists. A consensus in this regard is yet to be derived for its definition. Human intervention for its developmental activities results in several environmental changes that enhance some species, ecosystem and ecological processes while at the same time brings irrecoverable damage to the Planet Earth. It is essential and crucial to focus research and scientific analysis and establish awareness and education to provide a means of distinguish- ing responses between improvements in quality of ecosystem and those of damages. The focus of this paper is to emphasize the organized urban planning at a macro level and the architectural design interventions at the micro level in Vijayawada where eco – sensitivity exists with due consideration to ecological integrity and environmental protection. The ecological dynamics of continuity indicated that hil- locks of Vijayawada region are a part of Eastern Ghats. The study is to elaborate that the landscape, eco-patches and its connectivity establishes a unique corridor to strengthen ecological system and as a green corridor to Vijayawada city to fulfill the demands of the city and also to create the ecological patch connectivity to scattered Eastern Ghats especially in the Krishna-Guntur region which connects the Nallamala hills through Kondapalli hill toward Sothern side and to the Papikondalu at the northern side of Eastern Ghats. These corridors may even support environmental conservation and provides rural edge in urban context and functions as lung spaces to ease the heat island effect of urban settlement. So the explicit development controls have been derived to guide and organize at micro level so as to achieve the macro level considerations of ecological integrity. Ó 2015 The Gulf Organisation for Research and Development. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Development; Landscape; Patches; Modules; Connectivity 1. Introduction strong connectivity in terms of flora and fauna. They are eroded and disconnected by the four major rivers, known The Eastern Ghats are a discontinuous range of moun- as the Godavari. Krishna, Kaveri and Mahanadi. But it tains unlike the Western Ghats. The scattered ranges have can be observed in Fig. 1 that the patch connectivity at Vijayawada region is further weakening, due to human interventions to cope with urbanization and industrializa- ⇑ Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (S. Ramesh). tion. Dissection of a natural landscape begins with the 1 Former Chief Architect, MCD, Delhi. building of a road or other linear feature and developmen- Peer review under responsibility of The Gulf Organisation for Research tal activities. Due to the developmental activities of human and Development. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsbe.2015.03.003 2212-6090/Ó 2015 The Gulf Organisation for Research and Development. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 110 S. Ramesh, K. Kaplana / International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment 4 (2015) 109–116 Buckingham Canal was used for navigation earlier but presently it is being utilized for the purpose of irrigation only. This canal originates from the southern side of the reservoir and leads to Chennai. Vijayawada falls under the ‘Hot and Humid’ zone of India and experiences hot summers and moderate winters. It was noted from the meteorological data that the peak temperature reaches 47 °C from May to June, while the winter temperature is 20–27 °C but recently is experiencing 15 °C also. The aver- age humidity is 78% and the average annual precipitation may go up to 103 cm. Vijayawada region get terrestrial rains from both the southwest and the northeast monsoons. Vijayawada is surrounded by the Krishna River on the east and the west and the Budameru River on the north. As per the figure it can be observed that the northern, northwestern, and southwestern parts of the city are cov- ered by a low range of hills, while the central, southwestern and northwestern parts are covered by moderately rich and fertile agriculture lands with three major irrigation canals. The topography of Vijayawada is more or less flat; with a few small and medium-sized hills working as lung spaces. Fig. 1. Spread of Eastern Ghats in southern part of India. The reservoir of Krishna River is at the western side as a southern boundary of the city. These hills are a part of the Eastern Ghats, cut through settlements the perforation of the landscape occurs when by the Krishna River with a weak link to Papikondalu and some of the natural habitats are converted into industries Nallamala hills at the northeastern stretch. They have a or other modified land uses. It further leads to fragmenta- very low elevation compared to the average elevation of tion and it influences when more and more of the landscape the Ghats and also Vegetation Diversity and Endemism is converted so that the modified lands join together and in Eastern Ghats, as indicated by Reddy et al. (2002). the natural habitat patches are isolated from one another; They have a very low elevation compared to the average and leads to attrition. The attrition occurs when more of elevation of the Ghats. Interestingly, three canals originat- the natural patches are converted, becoming smaller and ing from the north side of the Krishna River reservoir and farther apart. This attrition has been observed in Eastern carry Krishna water for irrigation to Eluru, Bandar and Ghats especially in the Vijayawada region. The risk of Ryves, running through the city. The spread of scattered plant extinctions has been assessed by considering the Eastern Ghats is shown in Fig. 1 and also the location of probability of dispersal or pollinator failure, reproductive Vijayawada at the eastern part of these Ghats and 70 km dependence on the mutualism and demographic away from Bay of Bengal. dependence on seeds as emphasized by Bond (1994). The About the western outskirts of Vijayawada and south- ecological risks and its related changes during the construc- ern side of Eastern Ghats, lies the Kondapalli reserve for- tion activity have been indicated by Burkhard (2006), est, spread over 121.5 sqkm. The forest though a deserted Burkhard et al. (2008). So it is felt necessary to study cover of vegetation, provides supporting ecology to human interventions so as to emphasize the ways and Vijayawada as a “Green Lung”. This Kondapalli hill is means to conserve ecological integrity and environmental home to leopards, wild dogs, jackals, wild boar, wolves, quality. The vulnerability of tree species to climate change etc. and it produces a soft wood which is used in the man- is potentially highest as per survey conducted by Grossman ufacture of Kondapalli toys. It connects Nallamala hills in et al. (1994). the south and Papikondalu in the northern side but with weak linkage, however small hillocks of Vijayawada 2. Vijayawada and its region region can integrate as a patch connectivity to the entire landscape. Vijayawada is the commercial city of Andhra Pradesh and There are several patches of parks and green spaces the third largest after Hyderabad and Vishakhapatnam, with available in Vijayawada city, and six of the main parks an area of 261.88 SqKms. As per the Census of 2011 the city given below exist along with hillocks and are getting municipal limits, has a population of 10,48,240 and the connected in a scattered manner with the landscape to population of the metropolitan area including natural growth Kondapalli hill and to those of Papikondalu and and migrations is in the order of 14,91,202. Nallamala hills: S. Ramesh, K. Kaplana / International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment 4 (2015) 109–116 111 Rajiv Gandhi Park Indrikeeladhri hill Gandhi hill K.L. Rao Park Gunadala hill Mugalrajpuram hill Red circle hill Dr. B.R. Ambedkar & Raghavaiah Park – either side of the Bandar canal Mahatma Gandhi Park G.V.S. Sastry Park Bhavani Islands 3. Landmark The available studies indicate that most of the organ- isms can recognize “landmarks” which may be with the identity parameters such as visual, olfactory, auditory, chemosensory, magnetic, or tactile, demonstrating that they distinguish that the world is heterogeneous and can Fig. 2. Spread of Eastern Ghats – Major hills and settlements. identify landscape structure. In this way they become ori- ented and consequently know where they have existed. But in addition to the landmarks, most other organisms the attachments of the tribes to the native land, special, also have an inborn “positional awareness.” In addition socioeconomic conditions and cultural significance. It is to the inborn positional identity, it also creates territorial found that a few tribes such as Savara, Jatapu, Konda attachment. The territorial configuration depends on the Dora, Gadaba, Khond, Manne Dora and Mukha Dora behavioral phenomena. have their habitat in these Ghats at Nallamala hills, The region has created a disconnect or weak connectiv- Papikondalu and Kondapalli as shown in Fig. 2. These ity among hill ranges of Eastern Ghats, so even small hills indigenous people have their own unique cultural heritage in and around Vijayawada have to be strengthened to attached to the Ghats. These people follow the age old cus- establish an appropriate connectivity to have cohesive con- toms and traditions.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nagarjunasagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve
    Nagarjunasagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve April 26, 2021 Nagarjunasagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve The Nagarjunasagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve’s tiger population is increasing (NSTR) The National Tiger Reserve of India (NSTR) is the country’s largest. In Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, the reserve spans five districts: Kurnool, Prakasam, Guntur, Nalgonda, and Mahbubnagar. 75 percent of the world’s tigers are found in India. It was notified in the year of 1978 and came under the protection of Project Tiger in 1983. In 1992, it was retitled as Rajiv Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary. Geographical Aspects The Tiger Reserve is located in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana and spans five districts. The Nallamala Hills dominate the landscape. The reserve contains the multipurpose reservoirs Srisailam and Nagarjunasagar. The Krishna River runs through the reserve’s basin. Fauna It is home to a diverse range of wild animals. Many other animals, including leopards, rusty-spotted cats, pangolins, Mugger Crocodiles, Indian Rock Pythons, and innumerable bird species, can be found here, in addition to the Bengal Tiger, which is the apex predator. Flora A wide range of trees, from tropical dry mixed deciduous forest in the south to southern thorn forest in the south. This region is also home to a diverse range of shrubs and bamboo thickets. The main types of forest biomes in the reserve are: southern tropical dry mixed deciduous forest, Hardwickia forest and Deccan thorn scrub forests with much Euphorbia scrub. Important plant species here are: Anogeissus latifolia (axlewood), Cleisthanthus collinus (odcha), Terminalia spp., Pterocarpus marsupium, Hardwickia binata (anjan tree), Boswellia serrata (Indian frankincense or salai), Tectona grandis (teak), Mundulea sericea and Albizia spp.
    [Show full text]
  • Nagarjuna Sagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve , India: an Update
    NSTR Update 4/03 (H.Reddy) NAGARJUNA SAGAR-SRISAILAM TIGER RESERVE (NSTR), INDIA AN UPDATE Harsha S. Reddy*, STF grantee 1998-1999 Table of Contents Background.................................................................................................2 Summary of Previous Work........................................................................2 Ecological Status of NSTR .........................................................................3 Status of Research in NSTR .......................................................................4 1. Eco-Research and Monitoring (ERM) Lab ..........................................4 2. Eco Van ................................................................................................7 3. All-Taxa Biodiversity Inventory (ATBI) .............................................8 4. Environmental Education Center (EEC) ..............................................9 Tiger Research and Conservation ..............................................................10 People and Contact Information .................................................................12 The Chenchus (a tribal group within NSTR)..............................................13 Image 1. The author with a friend, Malleswari, in the Chenchu village of Chinthala. * This report reflect the views and observations of the author alone, and all photographs are copyrighted by him unless otherwise noted. Please do not reproduce them without permission. ** The author can be reached at [email protected] 1 of 16
    [Show full text]
  • News L Final.Pmd
    EPTRI - ENVIS Newsletter Vol. 13 No.2, 2007 The Eastern Ghats EPTRI - ENVIS Newsletter Biodiversity of Eastern Ghats Contents Scolopendra amazonica Millipede Sp. Page No 1. Faunal Diversity of Nallamalai hill ranges of Eastern Ghats, Andhra Pradesh, India.......................................................... 2 2. Taxonomic and Molecular approach in Identification or Discovery of Species.......................................................... 8 3. Threats to Biodiversity of Eastern Ghats: The need for conservation and management measures........................... 9 4. Abstracts on faunal biodiversity of Eastern Ghats.............. 11 Hypolimnas bolina jacintha Urothemis signata signata Foreword The theme ‘Biodiversity of Eastern Ghats’ is so unusually large in extent or scope that one has to preset the range which one wants to discuss. As a sequel, therefore, it was decided to devote two issues of this Newsletter, one each on the sub-themes: phytological biodiversity and Rhagodes nigrocinctus Gasteracantha geminate faunal biodiversity. The last issue [Vol. 13, No.1 2007] comprehensively covered the phytodiversity of the Eastern Ghats with a precious article co-authored by eminent scientists. This issue attempts to focus on faunal diversity of the region with an article by a Scientist from Project Tiger, Department of Forests, Government of Andhra Pradesh highlighting Geochelone elegans Ardeotis nigriceps the conservation and management of faunal diversity in Nallamalai Hills of Eastern Ghats : a known biodiversity rich zone of the ecologically fragile terrain. Modern biological approach in taxonomy is also briefly discussed to understand the range of faunal species that causes diversity. Some selected abstracts on the theme are also given. ENVIS Coordinator Panthera tigris We plan to bring out the next issue of the Newsletter on Geoscientific aspects of Eastern Ghats and invite articles, write-ups and news items on the theme from our readers.
    [Show full text]
  • News Letter Final
    Volume 12, No.4, 2006 Aquatic Faunal Diversity in Eastern Ghats 1. Crocodile the endangered Apex Predator of Aquatic Eco-System and its Rehabilitation in India ................. 2 2. Aquatic Faunal Diversity of Nagarjuna Sagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve ............................................................. 5 3. A Rare Dolphin Population in Eastern Ghats: A Short Note ............................................................. 9 4. Aquatic Faunal Resources of Eastern Ghats Region an Overview………………………………..…..… ... 10 Gavialis gangeticus astern Ghats region, is a habitat for a variety of rare Especies. However, most of the aquatic habitats are in threat due to anthropogenic impacts and therefore there is a need for immediate attention towards their conservation. The main emphasis of both the issues pertinent to conservation of Aquatic Faunal Diversity of ecologically sensitive Eastern Ghats region. Crocodylus palustris In this context, the present issue covers articles on the Rehabilitation of Crocodiles from Scientists of A.P Forest Department; the aquatic faunal diversity of Nagarjunasagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve, the largest tiger reserve in India by Scientists of Department of Zoology, Osmania University; a short notes on Dolphin Population in Eastern Ghats by a researcher from EPTRI and Aquatic Faunal resources of Eastern Ghats Region by Scientists from Andhra University. Crocodylus porosus The forthcoming issue would be on Biodiversity of the Eastern Ghats. Articles, write-ups and news items on the theme are invited from our readers. Happy New Year & The readers are requested to kindly intimate by e-mail any change of Seasons Greetings postal (or e-mail) address. The names and contact details of others who may be interested in receiving a copy of the Newsletter may please be furnished to ENVIS, EPTRI.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Economy of Tribal Development: a Case Study of Andhra Pradesh
    IOSR Journal of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 26, Issue 4, Series 6 (April. 2021) 39-48 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org Political Economy of Tribal Development: A Case Study of Andhra Pradesh Dr. K. Anil Kumar1, Dr. M. Gopinath Reddy2 1Assistant Professor, Centre for Economic and Social Studies, N.O. Campus, Begumpet, Hyderabad-16. 2Professor, Centre for Economic and Social Studies, N.O. Campus, Begumpet, Hyderabad-16. ABSTRACT The tribal population in the State of Andhra Pradesh, and in the country as a whole, is the most deprived and vulnerable community that faces severe economic exclusion. Although certain constitutional safeguards are provided, no significant economic, social and political mobility has taken place across this community. Contrary to Scheduled Castes and other Backward Castes who witnessed certain degrees of progress because of protective discrimination policies of the government, the Scheduled Tribes remain abysmally backward and socially excluded, still living in harsh environs. Our paper on "Political Economy of Tribal Development: A Case Study of Andhra Pradesh", delineates the situation of the Scheduled Tribes in the background of various policies of the state during the successive plan periods and its impact on their socio-economic mobility. Politically, this community is the most voiceless in the state. Their unsecured livelihood position in terms of lack of legal entitlements of the resources they use, both land and non-timber forest produce, push them into deep economic vulnerability. The paper also discusses the implications of the new act - Forest Right Act, 2006, on the livelihood security of the tribal communities and whether this act will finally lead to the inclusion of these people into the mainstream.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 2 Physical Features
    Chapter 2 Physical Features 2.1 Geographical disposition Nagarjunasagar - Somasila link canal takes off from the existing Nagarjunasagar reservoir from its right flank earth dam and runs parallel to the NSRBC to its right side, till both the canals amalgamate into one at RD 202.75 km. Beyond this point upto its out-fall into Somasila reservoir, the canal generally runs in south direction. The canal passes through the mandals of Macherla, Durgi, Karampudi, Piduguralla, Nekarikallu, Ipuru and Bollapalli of Guntur district, Pullala Cheruvu, Tripurantakam, Donakonda, Kurichedu, Konakanamitla, Podili, Kanigiri, Veligandla and Pamuru of Prakasam district and Varikuntapadu, Udayagiri, Duttalur, Marripadu and Anantasagaram mandals of Nellore district. 2.2 Topography of the basins and command area The link project including its command area falls in the basins of the Krishna, Gundlakamma, the streams between Gundlakamma and Pennar, and Pennar. The topography of these basins is described briefly in the following sections: 2.2.1 Krishna basin The Krishna basin is bounded on the north by the common ridge separating it from Godavari basin, on the south and east by the Eastern Ghats and on the west by Western Ghats. Except for the hills forming the watershed round the basin, the entire drainage basin of the river comprises of rolling and undulating country and a series of ridges and valleys interspersed with low hill ranges. Large flat areas of the type seen in the Indo - Gangetic plains are scarce except in the deltas. The interior of the basin in its middle reaches is a plateau, the greater part of which is at an elevation of 300 to 600 m.
    [Show full text]
  • 6. Water Quality ------53 6.1 Surface Water Quality Observations ------53 6.2 Ground Water Quality Observations ------53 7
    East flowing rivers between Mahanadi and Pennar Basin Version 2.0 i www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in East flowing rivers between Mahanadi and Pennar Basin Preface Optimal management of water resources is the necessity of time in the wake of development and growing need of population of India. The National Water Policy of India (2002) recognizes that development and management of water resources need to be governed by national perspectives in order to develop and conserve the scarce water resources in an integrated and environmentally sound basis. The policy emphasizes the need for effective management of water resources by intensifying research efforts in use of remote sensing technology and developing an information system. In this reference a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed on December 3, 2008 between the Central Water Commission (CWC) and National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to execute the project “Generation of Database and Implementation of Web enabled Water resources Information System in the Country” short named as India-WRIS WebGIS. India-WRIS WebGIS has been developed and is in public domain since December 2010 (www.india- wris.nrsc.gov.in). It provides a ‘Single Window solution’ for all water resources data and information in a standardized national GIS framework and allow users to search, access, visualize, understand and analyze comprehensive and contextual water resources data and information for planning, development and Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). Basin is recognized as the ideal and practical unit of water resources management because it allows the holistic understanding of upstream-downstream hydrological interactions and solutions for management for all competing sectors of water demand.
    [Show full text]
  • Physical Features, Climate and Drainage of India Hand Outs
    INDIA PHYSIOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS India is the seventh largest and second most populous country in the world. Its area is 2.4% of the total world area but about 16% of the entire human races reside in its fold. In population, only the mainland China exceeds that of India. India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan form the well-defined realm of south Asia often referred to as the Indian sub-continent. Lying entirely in the northern hemisphere (tropical zone), the Indian mainland extends between the latitude -8°4' N to 37°6'N and longitude -68°7' E to 97°25'E. The southernmost point in the Indian territory, the Indira Point, is situated at 6°30' north in the Andaman and Nicobar islands. The tropic of cancer passes through the centre of India. India covers an area of 3.28 million sq km and measures about 3,214 km from north to south and about 2,933 km east to west. The total length of the mainland coastland is nearly 6,400 km and land frontier about 15,200 km. The boundary line between India and China is called the McMahon line. To the north-west, India, shares a boundary mainly with Pakistan and to the east with Myanmar and Bangladesh. The Indian Ocean lies in the south. In the south, on the eastern side, the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait separate India from Sri Lanka. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal and the Lakshadweep islands in the Arabian Sea are parts of the Indian Territory India's relief is marked by a great variety: India can be divided into five major physiographic units: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter for Ornithologists Vol
    Newsletter for Ornithologists Vol. 1 No. 4 (July-August 2004) NEWSLETTER FOR ORNITHOLOGISTS Vol. 1 No. 4 July-August 2004 Newsletter for Ornithologists Vol. 1 No. 4 (July-August 2004) READY-RECKONER Internet Resources India Birds: http://www.indiabirds.com/ Bird conservation organisations Birds of Kerala: http://birdskerala.com/ BOMBAY NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY: Honorary Secretary, Hornbill BirdLife International: http://www.birdlife.net/ House, Shaheed Bhagat Singh Marg, Mumbai 400023, Maharashtra. Indian Jungles: http://www.indianjungles.com/ Website: www.bnhs.org. Email: [email protected]. Publish: Birds of Kolkata: http://www.kolkatabirds.com/ Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society; Hornbill. Contact Sanctuary Asia: http://www.sanctuaryasia.com/ above for: INDIAN BIRD CONSERVATION NETWORK: Publish: Red Data Book: http://www.rdb.or.id/index.html/ Mistnet. ENVIS CENTRE: Publish: Buceros. The Northern India Bird Network: http://www.delhibird.com/ SALIM ALI CENTRE FOR ORNITHOLOGY AND NATURAL Zoological Nomenclature Resource: http://www.zoonomen.net/ HISTORY: Director, Anaikatty P.O., Coimbatore 641108, India. N.C.L. Centre for Biodiversity Informatics: http://www.ncbi.org.in/ Website: www.saconindia.org. Email: [email protected] biota/fauna/ BIRDWATCHERS’ SOCIETY OF ANDHRA PRADESH: Honorary John Penhallurick’s Bird Data Project: http://worldbirdinfo.net/ Secretary, P.O. Box 45, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad 500034, India. Saving Asia’s threatened birds: Website: www.bsaponline.org. Email: [email protected]. Publish: http://www.birdlife.net/action/science/species/asia_strategy/ Mayura; Pitta. pdfs.html/ MADRAS NATURALISTS’ SOCIETY: Honorary Secretary, No. 8, Janaki Optics: http://www.betterviewdesired.com/ Avenue, Abhirampuram, Chennai 600018, India. Website: www.blackbuck.org. Email: [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Divisions of India a Cartographic Analysis, Vol-II, Series-I
    CENSUS OF INDIA REGIONAL DIVISIONS OF INDIA -A CARTOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OCCASIONAL PAPERS SFRIES-l VOLUME-II ANDHRA PRADESH Planning & Supervision B.K. ROY. M·A., Pb. D. Deputy Registrar General (Map) General Direction & Editing VJJAY S. VERMA of the Indian A dministrative Service Registrar General & Census Commissio:t;ler, India 2-A, Mansingh Road, New Delhi Maps included in this volume are based upon Survey of India map with the permission of the Surveyor General of India, The boundary of Megbalaya sbown on tbe map of India is as interpreted from the North­ eastern areas (Reorganisation) Act. 1971. but has yet to be verified (applicable to India map only). The territorial waters of India extend into the sea to a distance of twelve nautical mi1~s measured from the appropriate base line. © Government of (ndia Copyright 1988. ~ if:;rr ';fT~ "'f fq~r-l10001 HOME MINISTER INDIA NEW DELHI-110001 Oct. 26, 1988 FOREWORD Experience has taught us that planning bas to be related the situation in the field in order to better respond to local aspirations and for better utilization of local resources. A lot of planning has, of necessity, to be for larger areas, encompassing an agglomeration of adminis­ trative units. Even such macro planning has. in order to be realistic, to be cognisant of the realities at the micro level. Correspondingly. such plans for bigger areas and involving larger outlays have also to be administ~red from a suitably higb threshold of administrative authority and by a wide network: of administrative hierarchy. Nevertheless. there is a whole corpus of activities which can be and are, in fact, better planned, conducted and financed at the lower or local levels.
    [Show full text]
  • Transforming Agricultural Systems and Strengthening Local Economies In
    5/13/2019 Global Environment Facility (GEF) Operations Project Identication Form (PIF) entry – Full Sized Project – GEF - 7 Transforming agricultural systems and strengthening local economies in high biodiversity areas of India through sustainable landscape management and public-private nance Part I: Project Information GEF ID 10204 Project Type FSP Type of Trust Fund GET Project Title Transforming agricultural systems and strengthening local economies in high biodiversity areas of India through sustainable landscape management and public- private nance Countries India, Agency(ies) UNEP, IUCN Other Executing Partner(s) Executing Partner Type https://gefportal.worldbank.org 1/76 5/13/2019 Global Environment Facility (GEF) Operations Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC); Ministry of Government Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare (MoAFW); State Government of Karnataka; State Government of Andhra Pradesh; Rainforest Alliance (RA); Rythu Sadhikara Samstha (RySS) GEF Focal Area Multi Focal Area Taxonomy Agriculture and agrobiodiversity, Mainstreaming, Biodiversity, Focal Areas, Gender Equality, Land Degradation, Sustainable Land Management, Sustainable Agriculture, Sustainable Forest, Restoration and Rehabilitation of Degraded Lands, Improved Soil and Water Management Techniques, Ecosystem Approach, Land Degradation Neutrality, Land Cover and Land cover change, Land Productivity, Forestry - Including HCVF and REDD+, Inuencing models, Strengthen institutional capacity and decision-making, Transform policy and regulatory environments,
    [Show full text]
  • Popularization of River Tourism in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana
    Volume 5, Issue 5, May – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology ISSN No:-2456-2165 Popularization of River Tourism in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana Pulla Suresh, Mr. Sam Nirmal, Arpan Roy Institute of Hotel Management, Hyderabad. Abstract:- Rivers play a vital role in the settlements of urbanization, economical transportation and increasing cities. Archaeological survey shows The interest of humans in traveling these are few of the reasons AssakaMahajanapada (700–300 BCE) was an ancient which is pushing the tourism industry to grow. The present kingdom located between the Godavari and Krishna day river based tourism can be traced back to Britishers Rivers in southeastern India. This tradition is been rule. Humans settled near water bodies only because water followed since a long time as it provides a good source of was easily available for agriculture and their daily needs water and food. The rivers are not only are responsible however with passing time humans also started to visit for settlements which later turned in a whole city but these water bodies just to relax and enjoy the beautiful also with modernization humans make the most out of scene. This gave room to small businesses like boating the river and construct various tourist attraction spots across the river, street food carts and eventually sell of or a structure like dam which is built to control the flow tickets to visit/enter few places. Andhra Pradesh and of water also becomes a tourist attraction. Two such Telangana is known for its spicy food and hot climate but areas in India whose history is intricately preserved are the rivers which flow through these states have really Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.
    [Show full text]