CENSUS OF INDIA

REGIONAL DIVISIONS OF INDIA -A CARTOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS

OCCASIONAL PAPERS

SFRIES-l VOLUME-II ANDHRA PRADESH

Planning & Supervision B.K. ROY. M·A., Pb. D. Deputy Registrar General (Map)

General Direction & Editing VJJAY S. VERMA of the Indian A dministrative Service Registrar General & Census Commissio:t;ler, India 2-A, Mansingh Road, New Delhi Maps included in this volume are based upon Survey of India map with the permission of the Surveyor General of India,

The boundary of Megbalaya sbown on tbe map of India is as interpreted from the North­ eastern areas (Reorganisation) Act. 1971. but has yet to be verified (applicable to India map only).

The territorial waters of India extend into the sea to a distance of twelve nautical mi1~s measured from the appropriate base line.

© Government of (ndia Copyright 1988. ~ if:;rr ';fT~ "'f fq~r-l10001 HOME MINISTER INDIA NEW DELHI-110001

Oct. 26, 1988

FOREWORD

Experience has taught us that planning bas to be related the situation in the field in order to better respond to local aspirations and for better utilization of local resources. A lot of planning has, of necessity, to be for larger areas, encompassing an agglomeration of adminis­ trative units. Even such macro planning has. in order to be realistic, to be cognisant of the realities at the micro level. Correspondingly. such plans for bigger areas and involving larger outlays have also to be administ~red from a suitably higb threshold of administrative authority and by a wide network: of administrative hierarchy.

Nevertheless. there is a whole corpus of activities which can be and are, in fact, better planned, conducted and financed at the lower or local levels. I think: the essence of decen­ tralized planning, whicb for operational conveOlence is. essentially. District level planning, i.e. planning for the DJstrlct and Its constituent smaller units at those levels, conSists of just this: allowing what is best taken care of at the local level to be so taken care of.

But, all planning, from the national to the sub-micro level, does need, as already stated. a careful study of the situation in the field. And this study also calls for a knowledge of the natural regions, demarcated as per the various physiogeographic characteristics, for a proper appreciation of the planning and developmental matrix and for suggesting the appropriate spatial unit for local and higher area planning.

From this point of view. the present ·study. done by the Indian Census. is extremely useful as it provides a framework. a backdrop and also a ground-plan on which other studies and data-sets can be built. I congratulate Shri Vijay S. Verma, Registrar General & Census Commissioner. India. Dr. B.K. Roy, Deputy Registrar General (Map) and their colleagues for this fine and timely senese

,

(iii)

PREFACE

Regions can be carved out with varying criteria for varying purposes. Basically, however, we could, perhaps. distinguish between natural regions-areas which nature intended to be or marks out as separate, homogeneous unit- and human intervention regions -areas which have to be or are treated together for different purposes, with varying degrees of consideration for the natura! regions.

Thus, :o:pecial purpose regions mayor may not coincide with natural regions Adminis­ trative units represent special purpose regions of a kind and their boundaries, too, mayor may not be in conformity with those of natural regions.

But there are further elements making for complexhy, even confusion: there are regions within regions-there may be fields with different types of soil calling for different types of treatment even within a village-and different natural yardsticb or criteria may not always coverage and coalesce to yield natural regions valij from the point of view of each of the criteria considered or used. Thus, ground water availabIlity and soil texture may not be necessarily indicate the same delineation; in theory an area may be thickly wooded and. in reality, quite denuded.

And then comes the final heartbreak for the region-delineator: all the factors and mani­ festations of nature may point in one direction but the perceptions and the aspirations of the people inhabiting that regi:m may desire something else: nature may cry out fo, afforestation, rather reafforestation ; the people may want to have more and more area under a marginally remunera tive agriculture.

The question then arises: why then try to carve out natural regions? How valid and how usable are they going to be ?

As in most areas of human endeavour. no one can hope either for totally foolproof de­ ]ineation or immediate and whole hog adoption thereof for purposes of administration and development planning. And yet. all such exercises, should. I think. be welcome as cGntributive to the filling out of the complex scenario which serves as the essential backdrop for the formi­ dable task of development planning in India to which a new dimension and fresh urgency have been added by the current, renewed emphasis on local area planning.

This study of ours seeks to take the work of delineation to reaches lower than hitherto attemp­ ted, mutating Districts in terms of natural regions, with the village as the constituent unit of each region. One could. of course, go still lower. carving out regions within Blocks, Taluqs. or Thanas. may be with hamlets as the constituent units, and by using the appropriate fine-edged criteria for such sub. sub-micro delIneation. Obviously, however" such a study will call for a staggered approach and a much deeper acquaintance with the situatlOn on the ground. Pending this, the present study which covers the whole of India and posits a scheme comprising of four levels of delineation is. I think. not an inconsiderable step forward and we (v) filfty not be wrong, I hope. in deriving some satisfaction from its accomptishment. the Census of India is so multi-faceted and so prolific in its output that some aspects of its corporate per­ sonality can go at times un or under recognized. One such aspect is cartography. Among other things, I hope, the present series will lead to a better appreciation of the scale and variety of our cartographic output.

The work has been done as a Plan scheme so graciously and thoughtfully sanctioned by the Planning Commission. The foundations of the work were laid under the able stewardship of my predecessor Shri P. Padmanabha. It has been my privilege to steer the work to comple­ tion through a time-bound programme. Dr. B.K. Roy, Deputy Registrar General (Map), is one of the stalwarts who have made the Indian Census what it is. This project owes a great deal to him and I have a feeling that he, too. is going to cherish this association. This is not to forget the contribution made by a whole band of able and dedicated officers and cartographers of various rank~ at the headquarters and in our Directorates. This contribution is being acknowledged separately. Shri B. P. Jain. Deputy Director of Census Operations, has ensured speedy printing.

We have been extremely fortunate in as much as Hon'ble Shri Buta Singh. Home Minister or India has always been able to spare time for Census-related matters even though the claimants for his attention have naturally been innumerable. By kindly consenting to contribute a perspica­ cious Foreword to this series he has deepened tbe debt of gratitude the organization owes to him. As indicated by hIm, a follow up project could. perhaps. take care of compiling and pre­ senting data· sets, comprismg of demographlc and other parameters, in terms of the regions herein presented.

New Delhi 2nd of January. 1989

V~A Registrar General &. ! Census Commissioner, India

(vi) TECHNICAL STAFF OF THE RGI HEADQUARTERS AND DIRECTORATE OF CENSUS vPBRATIONS, ANDHRA FRADESH ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROJECT:

REGIONAL DIVISIONS: ANDHRA PRADESH

PJanniiDg & Supervision Dr. B.K. Roy Deputy Registrar General (Map)

Progress & Monitoring Smt. Minati Ghosh Assistant Registrar General (Map)

Initial drafting & supervision Y.G. Krishna Murthy Deputy Director (Technical) D.C.O., Andhra Pradesh Cb. Puroa Chandra Rao Deputy Director (Administration) D.C.O., Andhra Pradesh

Evaluation, checking of draft S.D. Tyagi, Map Officer Dr. R.C S. Taragi, Cartographer Dr. K. Kumar. Geographer

Cartographic supervision &. other Mahesh Ram, Research Officer (Map) associated work P,S. Chbikara, Map Analyst R.P Mishra, Sr. Geographer D.B Goswami. Sr. Geograpber Kum. Sarita, Sr. Geographer N.K. Roy, Sr. Drawing Assistant Kurn. Suman Gupta, Cartographer Prem Chand, Geographer Pooran Singh. Cartographer P.K. Patoaik, Sr. Artist S.K. Mukherjee, Sr. Artist Kum. Suyog. Artist V.P. Singh. Artist N.K. Nagia. Artist Smt. Inderjit Kaur, Artist P.K. MandaI, Artist

Initial analysis of maps & Shyam Deo. Research Officer (Map) Cartographic work, D.C 0., Dr. (Kum.) Aquee]a Begum. Sr. Geographer Andhra Pradesh M.N. Ram Mohan. Sr. Artist Syed Ahmed, Sr. Artist Smt. Daya Saxena, Artist M. Hasan. Sr. Draftsman B. RaghuraIll, Sr. Draftsman (vii) K. Devadass, Sr. Draftsman M.J. Sadiq, Draf(sman M.A. Quadeer, Draftsman T. Trinath, Draftsman K. Shyam Prasad Reddy. Draftsman Smt. RR.S.N. Subbalaxmi, Draftsman G Mariyanna, Draftsman M.K. Zahiruddin, Draftsman G. Hasan, Draftsman D. Chiranjeevi Raju. Draftsman

Reprographic assistance R.R. Chakraborty, Sr. Artist Vishnu Dayal, Ferro Typer K. Kofeswar Rao. Ferro Typer D.C-O., Andhra Pradesh

Secretarial work Smt. C. R. Chithra. Lower Division Clerk G. Sridhar, Lower Division Clerk R. Shyam Prasad Reddy, Draftsman N.V. Manohar Rao, Jr. Stenographer

Printing arrangement and B.P. Jain, Deputy Dhector proof reading H.K. Jhamb, STA (Ptg) N.L. Savita, Printing Inspector KG Kalra. Computer

(viii) REGIONAL DIVISIONS OF INDIA: A C ~RTOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS ANDHRA PR\PESH STATE VOLUME

CONTENTS

Foreword Pages Preface (iii) (v)

PART-}

Regional Divisions of India - A Cartographic Analysis 3-6 Brief Character;stics of Regional Divisions 7-12 Statement on Physio-Geographic Regions of India (Regional Divisions) 15-21

PART-II

Regional Divisions of Andhra Pradesh 25-50

General Maps

Position of Andhra Pradesh in India S3 Administrative Divisions of Andhra Pradesh, 1981 54 Relief and Drainage 61 Normal Monthly and Annual Rainfall 62 Normal Monthly and Annual Temperature (Minimum) 63 Normal Monthly and Annual Temperature (Maximum) 64 Geology 6S Soils 66 Distribution of Population. 1981 67 Density of Population, 1981 (By taluks) 68 DensIty of Population, 1981 (By sub-micro regions) 69 Rural Density of Population, 1981 (By taluks) 70 Rural Density of Population, 1981 (By sub-micro regions) 71 Urban Density of PopulatIOn. 1981 (By taluks) 72 VI ban Density of Population, 1981 (By sub-micro regions) 1'J

(ix) PART-IIi

Regional Divisinos of Districts

i. Karimoagar DIstrict

i) Regional Divisions of Karimnagar District 77-79 ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Karimnagar District 83-84 iii) Region-wise village codes of Karimnagar District. 1981 85-87 iv) Statement on region-wise Physio-cultural details of Karimnagar District 88-90 2. Waraoga] District

i) Regional Divisions of Warangal District 91-92 ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Warangal District 95 iii) Region-wise village codes of Warangal District, 1981 96-98 iv) Statement on region-wise Physio-cultural details of Waranga) District 99-100

3. Kbammam District

i) Regional Divisions of Kbammam District 101-103 ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Kbammam District lU7-108 iii) Regien-wise village codes of K bammam District, 1981 109-112 iv) Statement on region-wise Pbysio-cultural details of Khammam District h3-116

4. Mahbubnagar District

i) Regional Divisions of Mahbubnagar District )]7-118 ii) Data on Regiooal Divisions of Mahbubnagar District 121-122 iii) Region-wise village codes of Mahbubriagar District. 1981 123-124 iv) Statement on region-wise Physio-cultural details of Mahbubnagar District 125- 126 S. Rangareddi District

i) Regional Divisions of Rangareddi District 127-128 ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Rangareddi District 131 132 iii) Region-wise viUage codes of Rangareddi District, J 9~ 1 133-134 iv) Statement on region-wise Physio-cultural details of Rangareddi District )35-137 6. Hyderabad District

i) Regional Divisions of Hyderabad District 138 ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Hyderabad District 141 iii) Region-wise village codes of Hyderabad District, 1981 142 tv) S"tatemcnt on region. wise Physio-cultural details of Hyderap&:d PisUict 143 (x) 7. Medak District

i) Regional Divisions of Medak District 144-145 ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Medak District 149 Hi) Region-wise village codes of Medak District. 1981 150-151 . . iv) Statement on region-wise Physio-cultural details of Medak District 152-153

8. Nizamabad District

i) Regional Divisions of Nizamabad District 154-1S6 ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Nizamabad District 159 iii) Region-wise village codes of Nizamabad District, 1981 160-161 iv) Statement on region-wise Physio-cultural details of Nizamabad District 162-164

9. AdiIabad District

i) Regional Divisions of Aditabad District 165-166 iD Data on Regional Divisions of Adilabad District 169 170 iii) Region-wise village codes of Adilabad Dhtrict, 1981 171-173 iv) Statement on region-wise Physio-cultural details of Adilabad District 174-177

10. Nalgooda District - , i) Regional Divisions of Nalgonda District 178-179 ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Nalgonda District 183 iii) Region-wise village codes of Nalgonda District, 1981 184- 185

iv) Statement on region-wise Pby~io-cultural details of Na]gonda District 186-187

11. Chittoor District

i) Regional Divisions of Cbittoor District 189-190 ii) Data on Regi0nal Divisions of Cbittoor District 193-194 iii) Region-wise village codes of Cbittoor District, 1981 195- 197 iv) Statement on region-wise Physio-cultural details of Chittoor District 198 1~9

11. Cuddapah District

i) Regional Divisions of Cuddapah District 200-202 ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Cuddapah District 205 206 iii) Region-wise village codes of Cuddapah District. 1981 207-209 iv) Statement on region-wise Physio-cultural details of Cuddapah District 210-211

(xi) 13. AusDtspnr District

i) Regional Divisions of Anantapur District 212-213 ii} Data on Regional Divisions or Anantapur District 217-218 iii) Region-wise village codes of Anantapur District, 19'H 219-221

iv) Statement 011 region·wise Physio-cultural details of Anantapur District 222-223

14. Kurnool District

i) Regional Divisions of Kurnool District 224-226 ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Kuroool District 229-230 iii) Region-wise village codes of Kurnoo] District, 1981 231-232 iv) Statement on region· wise Physio·cultural details of Kurnool District 233-234

15. Nenore District

i) Regional Divisions of Ndlore District 235-237 ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Nellore District 241 iii) Region-wise village codes of Nellore District, 1981 242-244 iv) Statement on region-wise Physio-cul tural details of NelloIe District 245-246

16. Prakasftm Ditsrict

i) Regional Divisions of Prakasam District 241-248 Ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Praka<;am District 251 252 iii) Regi.m-wise village codes of Prakasam District, 198 ( 253-254 IV) Stetement on region-wise Physio-cultural details of Prakasam District 255-257

17. Guntur District

i) Regional Divisions of Guntur District 2j8-260 ii} Data on Regional Divisions of Guntur District 263-264 iIi) Region-wise village codes of Guntur DIStrict, 1981 265-267 iv) Statement on regioll-\\cise Physio-cultural details of Guntur District 26lS-270

18. Krishna Djstrict

j) Regional Divisions of Krisbna District 271-212 ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Krishna Di,trict 275-276 iii) Region-wise village codes of Krishna District, J91S1 277-279 iv) -Statement on region-wise Physio-cultural details of Krishna District 280-281 19. West Godavari DIstrict

i) Regional DivisoDs of West Godavari District 282-283 ii) Data on Regional Divisions of West Godavari District 287 iii) Region-wise village codes of West Godavari District. 1981 288-289 iv) Statement on region-wise Physio-culturaI details of West Godavari District 290-291 20. East Godavari District

i) Regional Divisions of East Godavari District 292-293 ii) Data on Regional Divisions of East Godavari District 297-298 iii) Region-wise village codes of East Godavari District, 1981 299-301 iv) Statement on region-wise Physio-cultural details of East Godavari District 302-303 21. Srikakulam District

i) Regional Divisions of Srikakulam District 304-305 ii) Data on Regional Divisions of Srikakulam District 309-310 iii) Region-wise village codes of Srikakulam District, 1921 311-313 iv) Statement on region-wise Physio-cu!turaJ details of Srikakulam District 314-315

22. Vizianagaram District

i) Regional Divisions of Vizianagaram District 316-317 ii> Data on Regional Divisions of Vizianagaram District 321 iii) Region-wise village codes of Vizianagaram District, 1981 322-323 iv) Statement on region-wise Physio-cultural details of Vizianagaram District 324-325 23. Vishakbapatnam District

i) Regional Divisions of Vishakhapatnam District 326-327 ii) Data on Regionaal Divsions of Vishakhapatnam District 331-332 iii) Region-wise village codes of Vishakbapatnam District. 1981 333-334 iv) Statement on region wise Physio-cultural details of Vishakhapatnam District 335-336

APPENDIX 339-352

(xiii)

PART I GENERAL NOTE

REGIONAL DIVISIONS OF INDIA-A CARTOGRAPHIC ANALYStS

GENERAL NOTE

The regional spatial patterns, variations of resources, In India, the district is the major universal adminis­ heterogeneous physio-geographic factors and problems trative unit below the state level. The administrative in development bring out the necessity for a regional boundaries of the districts usually. however, cut across approach to planning. Delineation of physio-geogra­ those of the homogeneous natural regions though some phic regions of a country of sub-continental size like district boundaries do coincide with the natural sub­ India with an area of 3.287.263 km2. extendm8 regional boundaries and most of the districts have between latitudes 8°4'28' and 37° 17'53' North and nodal regions. In cases of extreme heterogeneity how­ longitudes 68°7'5 If and 97°24'47" East and having a ever, we may h..tve to think of adjustments in such great range of geographic environment, is a gigantic district b)undaries to suit the sub-regional planning to task. During the past 30 years, the macro level plan­ the extent possible. This kind of adjustment was ning at the national and meso level planning at the worked out methodologically by V.L.S.P. Rao and state level have been duly emphasised. Micro level L.S Bhat for the old Mysore State. Also, at the dis­ planning needs. perhaps. to be further emphasised. For trict level, we have an administrative set up which is this to happen, one requirement consists of homoge­ competent to formulate and implement sub-regional neous regions. with natural boundaries, forming viable plans. Moreover, a reliable statistical data base (both units of planning. Census and non'Census) is available at the district level for the purposes of sub-regional planning. Thus, there was a need to delineate micro regions The Earlier Efrorts to suit the requirements of micro level regional plans within the framework of the national plan. To achieve In regional planning of one type or the other, the this end, we need micro regions which are valid on delineation of proper regional boundaries has always physio-geographic considerations and also definable in remained a rather difficult task. A number of schemes terms of administrative units and boundaries in order for delineating natural regions in India have been put to facilitate plan formulation and plan execution. For forward by scholars from time to time during tbis cen­ carving out such natural regions, the following con­ tury. The first attempt was made by T.H. Holdich in siderations, inter alia. are to be kept in view : 1904. He made a very brief and sweeping generalisa­ tion and formed rather broad geographical zones of (i) contiguous geographical area, India on the basis of geological information only. (ii) homogeneous administrative machinery capable Later, during the 1921-31 decade regional delineations of formulating and implementing integrated were done mostly from the point of view of geological area plans. structure and stratigraphy. During 1922-24. L.D. Stamp produced a more substantive and well known (iii) reliable statistical data base, work. Stamp adopted physiography and structure at the primary level and climate for the second order regions. (iv) existence of nodal regions; and He divided the country into 3 primary or macro level regions and 22 sub· regions and designated them (v) amenability of the natural boundaries to mar­ as 'natural regions'. Almost simultaneously. but in ginal adjustments so that the former. may, by dependent of Stamp's work, J.N.L. Baker, followin, and large, conform to administrative boundaries the work on natural tegions initiated by Wood, pro­ at given points of time. posed another scheme of natural regions. It was in r close agreement with Stamp's regional scbt'me. tater However, all these schemes proposed by the variou \ on, M.B. Pithawala, Kazi S. Abmad and O.E. Baker scholars did not provide a base for mapping and for : also proposed their schemes of re~ional divisions. statistical analysis of Ihe Census data at sub-micro level. O.H.K. Spate gave a more comprehensive treatment to They did not also provide preci~e boundaries or relate this scheme. He was in general agreement with the the regions to administrathe boundaries. In case a schemes proposed by Stamp and Baker. He divided scheme was based on the district as tre basic unit. as the sub-continent into three paramount macro level was the case with that proposed by Mitra and Sen­ regions on the baSIS of geological structure. lhe re­ gupta, it did not take into consideration the intra­ gional scheme proposed b:y Spate is en,pirically derh ed. district details. The subsequent availability of fairly He dividrd India into 35 regicns of the first order intensive data. specially on the distnbutl{'n of soils, (under the three macro regIOns ex()uding the islands), forests, geological formations, climatic conditions and 74 of the second older with 225 sub· diviSIons. large number of maps produced by. various national and international organisations. encouraged B K. Roy The traditional divisions of the country into moun­ to revise the then existing framework of natural re­ tains, plateaus and plains and further regIOnal divisions gions. A map of India shOWing Physio-ge('graphic as envi~a~ed by Stamp and later on improved by Spate Regions was included in the National Volume of Cen­ provided a base fOI the l- tudy of regIonal ph) slcal sus Atlas, 1971 v.herein three tiers cf regional bound­ condItions. DUIlDg J931-4J, tbe regional stUdies so ries (Macro, Meso and Micro) have been precisely developed could not be elucidated or tnlargfd mainly adjusted with the district boundaries. The important due to the politically unstable conditions of the sub­ materials consulted for revismg the scheme were the continent. Ivl.\\ .M. Yeatts in the General Report of maps publjsbed by the GeOlogical Survey of India. Ctnsus of India, 1941. pJOp(lsed a broad diVIsion of Chlcf Soil Sun ey Office of the Indian Agricultural the count,y IDtO fliUl rc:glOns dtmarcated according to Research Institute and the book, 'India- A Regional economIc and geographic principles. However, it was Geography' edited by R L. Singh. only aiter 1~~1 that v.uh the help ot more elaborate geLglogical blllveys and geographIcal mapping. by foreign as well as Indian gt ogaphers, the ",ork on The Present Study major natural regions could be reonented. The 1951 (.t:nsus ot Inclla report gave considerable impetus to The above work was welcomed by scholars. geogra­ the progress ot II\UOltS ot natural JeglOna)J!;alions as phers and planners both in India and abroad. To tor tbe nrst tIme the Lensus (lata were interpreted in further refine such delineation and also to get it done geoglaphlcal context in some details. The map of on a comprehensive scale, the Government of India major natural regions of Jndla of 1951 Census was sanctioned a plan scheme to the Census OrganIsation nuber bketc;;by 10 charal;ter. liowever, it served the on "Regional DiviSions of India - A Cartographic pUlpobe well aud V.as lauoable tor itli time cODfndering Analysis". It aimed at working out a viable grouping the resources then avaIlable to the Cen~us Organi~auon. of Cemus vilJ"ges and towns on a large scale map Subsequentl). at the lIme of the 1901 Ccnsus, more heping in view their physio-gec,prarhlcal characteris­ maps ano luea::. from fortlgn all well as Inolan geogra­ tics in order to brlDg out viable homogeneous regions phelb ",ere t..btalLed lD calVlIlg out the natural regIOns at the sub-micro level within the districts. Broadly. 01 inOla for devell/pment PUIPOfltS. S.P. Chatterjee the physio-geographical factors \\'hich have been kept diVided InOla on the baMs ot pbysiography and geo­ in view while undertaking this exercise are (i) Physio­ logical structuIe. A. Mitra grouped vilnous dl!ltricts of graphy, (ii) Geological structure, (iiI) Forest coverage, InOla IntO four cattgolltS on the baSIS of thelT develop­ (ivl Climatic conditions and (v) Soils. These sub-micro mellt levelS. Late {MISS) P. ~eDgupta suggested a regions have been further pulled up on uniform scale scheme of Geoglaphlcal-EconoIDlc RegIons of India to provide a framework for mapping and cartographic which was uulIlltd 10 the CenbUS of India monograph evaluation of Census as well as non-Census data to en· entltleo "}:conOmIC ReglOnalisatlon of India-Problems large the scope of the Census Atlases of the country ana Approaches" and \..ensus of IndIa AlIas of 1961, and also to help in the interpretations of population The bablS for thiS classification was mamly in the wOlks data in terms of sub-micro regions which are physlo" of Spllte and ('hatlerjee as well as in those of the pre­ geographicall) homogeneous in character and have V)OU8 scholars referred to above. similar problems and prospects requiung uniform appli·

4 cation of pJanning strategies for better utiJisatkn of exercise physio-geographical details of contours; rl!SOUTCes and for providing amenities to the inhabitants. drainage, spot heights, bench marks, watershe js as Since each sub-micro region has been clearly ddined well as the distribution of high land and lo\\- land (land in so far as its rural and urban consti1uents ale con­ levels in broader perspective) were eXamined. This cerned, the demographic characteristics and other gave further suitable background fur the delineation statistics can be generated for the past Census.:; also to of a group of \Wages in one viable unit. Simultane­ the extent to which village-wioe!to\'in-v.i~e data hre ously, names \\ ere assigned to particular zones on the available. The sub-micro regions have becn de!iceated b.lsis of major and minor rivers/rivuiets, names of within the dis rilt. In case tbe bOlloda des of tbe mountain ranges, forests or on the consideration of district experience any change in future, due to admi­ bigger Census villages and popular geographic names nistrative or any other reason, the required scores cun of lucal importance which may be acceptable in view be obtained by compilation of data as we know their of the regional geographical pattern of the particular constituent units. The sub-micro regions of the di&tricts region. At times one could feel that the contours or wiIJ play an important role in the implementation of drainage designs are so complex as to complicate geo­ the plan at the grass root level within the flamework graphical thinking for the regions. In such cases, of the State plan wh lch, in turn, is a part of the over­ drainag~ pltterns were worked out separately to ascer~ all National plan. Agncultural development in India tain their alignment in the formatIon of mb-micro is dependent upon the regional approach because of regiun" Similarly, due to the compleXity of contour wide areal spread and the resultant contrasts in crop­ lines oa topographical maps, profiles were drawn to ping patterns arising mainly from the regional varia­ arrive at a particular conclusion whether the physio­ tiom tn physical conditIOns Since the landuse pattern geographical lands :ape of tbe area was conshtent with should be adopted as per ph)slcal conditions of the reference to valleys or rivulets of the regIOn at higher region, the demarcation of physio-geographic regil'ns altitudes for zoning of the sub-micro regions. This will help in the !eng-term planning for the country. It method provided a decision makmg criterion to stream­ is hoped that this scheme, the first of its kind in the line the regions. history of the Census in India, besides enlarging the scope of Cemus Atlases, would serve as a useful While operating on the above system, step 3 re­ framework for administratOI s, planners, researchers quired the cODSuItWg of maps OIl geology to further and other data users. streamline the regioDeccan Plateau sub-micro, i.e., the fourth order regions followed. In this (3) and the Costal Plains and Islands (4). In the 3

5 digit code 2.1.1 on the map, the first digit (2) stands give the position of these units with reference to the for the macro region-the Great Plains, second digit natural regions in which they fall. as determined at (1) for the meso region-the Punjab Plain and the these respective levels. It will be perceived, however, third digit (I) stands for the micro region-Ravi-Beas that the same region or a similar region under a Interfluvial Plain. In this frame, 4 macro, 28 meso different name may be transcending the administrative and 101 micro regions are outlined for the country and boundaries of state and districts and there may be a the same have been brei fly described in the later part. legitimate enquiry seeking the total geograpbical spread Within this frame of micro regions, sub·micro regions of the same region or similar regions across and beyond have been delineated within the district under this such administrative boundaries but in terms of such scheme. These sub micro regions are given 4th digit administrative units. For purposes of planning it is code and this 4th digit has been repeated. district· wise, as necessary to know as to what natural regions com· from 1 to the number of sub· micro regions in the dis­ prise a state or a district as to know the position from trict. the opposite point of view as to what state and district or segments thereof comprise one region or similar After finalization of the sub-micro regions and thei adjoining regions. code numbers, lists of Villages and towns were prepared for each sub-micro region and basic data pertaining to area and population were generated. In addition, some To serve this latter purpose, we have added to physio-cultural characteristics are also hIghlighted. each state(union territory volume an appendix which Part II of this volume incorporates brief de,cription of presents administrative constituents of similar regions physio-cultural aspects supplemented by maps and which extend beyond district and state boundaries. In basic data at state level "'hile Part III gi\es information the case of the adjoining states/union territories, this for each sub-micro region within each district of the exercise is, naturally. restricted to the limits of regionj state. regions transcending the boundaries of the concerned state/union territory to which a particular volume in It will be seen that the tables included in Parts II this series is devoted. For getting fuller details with and III approach the configuration from the: puint of regard to these "extended areas" in terms of their view of the administrative unit, i.e., StatejDistrict/IalukJ constituents the reader is invited to refer to the volumes P,S.IC.D. Block/Village. In other words, the-- tables dealing with the concerned state/union territories.

6 .BRIEF CHARACTERISTICS OF REGIONAL DIVISIONS

1. THE NORTHERN MOUNTAINS 1.2 Himachal Pradesh Himalaya

The Northern Mountains corresponding with the Himachal Pradesh state entirely falls under this Himalayan zone facing the northern frontier of tbe suh-region. It has been further divided into tbe follo­ 8ub-continent comprise Jammu and Kashmir. Himachal wing 4 divisiom : Pradesh, Northern Uttar Pradesh. Sikkim. Northern West Ben~a1. Arunachal Prllde~h. Nagaland. Manipur. 1.2.1 Northern Himachal Pradesh Mizoram. Tripura. Me!!halava and part of Assam. The 1.2.~ Trans-Himalavan Zone Northern Mountains have heen divided primarilv accor­ 1 2.3 Central Him~c1al Pradesh ding to the _geology and forest cover. The relief and drainage, bowever. have also played a d0n1inant role in 1.2.4 Southern Himachal Pradesh establishing various sub-divisions within the Himalayan Geolorically, it is almost similar to that of Jammu zone. This macro region has been divided into 5 sub­ and Kashmir Himalaya. However, this sub-region is regions (meso) and 24 divisions (micro) on tbe basis of characterised by marked variations in the relief features, above mentioned factors. mainly on the consideration of micro-relief and little variations in soils. These sub-regions are: 1.3 Uttar Pradesh Himalaya 1.1 Jammu and Kashmir Himalaya

This sub-region covers the entire Jammu and This sub-region has been divided into three divisions- Kashmir and is further divided into following three viz. divisions (micro regions) _: 1.3.1 Kumaon Himalaya --North 1.1.1 Ladakh 1.3.2 Western Kumaon Himalaya, 1.1.2 Kashmir Valley Siwalik and Doons 1.1.3 Jammu 1.3·3 Kumaon Himalaya-East

In these divisions the relief presents remarkable In these areas, the e'evation has been taken as the variations. The grouping of the districts has been made main basis for classification. Geology and forest have in conformity with the geological structure, elevation also been taken into account. The soils are mostly of and forest cover. Other factors do not play significmt brown hill ty)e in the sulJ·region with marked diffe­ role in delineating these divisions. However, sub­ rences in the southern Siwalik zone, locally known as montane soil (Podsolic) is dominant in the Kashmir Tarai and Bhur soils. The Kumaon Himalaya-North Valley and brown hill soil is seen in the southern part has important pt'aks like Nanda Devi. Kamet and of Jammu and Kashmir. Ladakh region is fully pre­ Badrinath. The Ganga and the Yamuna have their dominated by mountain meadow soils as well as sources in this region. The Western Kumaon glaciers and eternal snow. Forest is mostly alpine type Himalaya, Siwalik and Doons cover Dehra Dun, in the northern regions and sub· alpine in the southern Garhwal and Tehri Garhwal districts and have an regions. elevation of 900 to 1000 m. The Kumaon Himalaya-

7 Fast which camprises Almora and Nainital districts is 1.5.1 Nagaland Hills marked with some narrow valleys on high altitudes. 1.5.2 Manipur Hills 1.5.3 Imphal Valley 1.4 North-Eastern Himalaya ].5.4 Hill Zone This region includes 4 sub-regions extending over 1.5.5 Tripura Plain Sikkim, Dariiling and Buars area of West Bengal and 1.5.6 Tripura Hills Arunachal Pradesh. The Darjiling section of the 1.57 Cachar Plain Himalayan zone rises abruptly from Duars plain of West Bengal. Three high peaks. namely. Siwalik Phu 1.5.8 Karbi Anolong & North Cachar Hills (3 630 m), Sabargam (3 ~46 m) and Phalut (3 5% m) 1.5.9 Eastern Meghalaya are located in this section of Himalayan zone· Simi­ 1.5.10 Western MegbaJaya larly. the lofty ranges of about 5 ono m with intermitten summits are the chief characteristics of Arunachal 2. THE GRE,\ T PLAINS Pradesh. Weather is damp and co1d and the forests are dense. Annual rainfall ranges between 250 and 350 cm. The drainage is in evolutionary stage and This i~ the most important zone in view of human immature. This region has been divided into 4 divi­ concentrati<'n and it stretches from Rajasthan via sions as below: Punjah. Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, BIhar. West Bengal to the eastern section of Brahmaputra Valley. It is an 1.4.1 Sikkim Himalaya encIo~ed vast basin of various small and large rivers separated by 'alluvial divides'. 1.4.2 Darjiling Himalaya including Duars The western section comprising arid Rajasthan, 1.4.3 Western Arunachal Pradesh Himalaya Punjab Haryana. Chandigarh, Delhi and Western Uttar Prade~h is slightly higher in elevation, over 1.4.4 Eastern Arunachal Pradesh Himalaya 150 m. than the eastern section of the plain. However. according to elevation. this plain shows three levels of 1.5 Eastern Hill Zone relief configuration, between 0 to 75 m in the eastern section, 75 to 150 m in the Central Uttar Pradesh and This region represents the eastern section of 150 to 100 m in the western zone with the exception of Himalayan zone extending over Nagaland. Manipur. a small zone in eastern laisalmer district where the Mizoram, Tripura, parts of Assam and Meghalaya. elevation is below 75 m. Geologically the whole This region is interspersed with plains especially in region is made of alluvium brought by rivers from the Silchar. North Cachar Hills and adjoining areas. Himalavas and this is a gradational plain formed Topographically it is rugged. The slopes are quite during Plei~tocene and Recent geological times. On steep. Over the Tripura region the topography has the basis of drainage soils and rainfall. the region has interspersed ranges and valleys. Consequently com­ been divided into 7 sub'regions and 24 divisions: munication is difficult. 2.1 Punjab Plain The Khasi and Jaintia Hills in Meghalaya is like a In this plain 4 divisions as listed below have been table land. Geologically it is an eastward extension of delineated on the basis of soils and rainfall. Soils are the massive block of tbe Peninsular region broken by alluvial with variations of bangar and Khadar. Agri­ the alluvium of Bengal basin In its long geological culturally, this is the most important region. history this region is said to have submerged during Mesozoic and early Tertiary times due to marine trans­ 2. I.I Ravi-Beas Interfluvial Plain gression which was further uplifted at the time of Himalayan orogenesis. 2 1.2 Hoshiarpur-Chandigarh Sub-montane PLtin

The region has been divided into 10 divisions as 2.1.3 Beas-Satluj Doab below: 2.1.4 Punjab-Malwa Plain

8 2.2 Haryana Plain 2.6.1 North Bihar Plain 2.6.2 South Bihar Plain In this region whieh abo includes Delhi, three divi­ sions have been delineated on the basis of topography 2.6.3 Barind Tract and distribution of soils which are sandy and cal­ 2.6.4 Moriband Delta careous. 2.6.5 Proper Delta 2.2.1 Eastern Haryana Plain 2.6.6 Rarh Plain 2.2.2 Western Haryana Plain 2.7 Brahmaputra Valley 22.3 Southern Haryana Plain The Brahmaputra Valley presents typical geogra­ Arid Rajasthan Plain 2.3 phical features. In 1!eneral, the valley has an elevation This meso region receives an average annual rain­ of below 75 m. The eastern section is more undulat. fall of less than 40 cm. It has been divided into four ing. Rainfall is very high and river pattern is braided wiero regions mainly on the basis of distribution of in various sections of the Brahmaputra. The tribu­ rainfall which are: taries j.)ining the main river Brahmaputra discharge large a mount of water during the monsoon period and 2.3.1 Ghaggar Plain hence cause floods in the valley region. It is also 2.3.2 Rajasthan Bagar covered with luxuriant vegetations throughout. Hence, on this basis this valley has been divided into three 2.1.3 Extremely Arid Tract divisions with definite characteristics. 2.3.4 Luni Valley 2.7.1 Western Brahmaputra Valley 2.4 Upper Ganga Plain 2.7.2 Central Brahmaputra Valley 2.7.3 Eastern Brahmaputra Valley This is the vast stretch of the Ganga Plain where the rivers are playing important role in carrying out 3. THE DECCAN PLATEAU definite influence area of their own. In general, the soil is alluvial but variations have developed on the The Deccan Plateau represents the whole of South upland and low land areas. The upper Ganga Plain has Indian tableland. From tbe point of view of geology, been divided into two divisions, viz. tbe whole regIOn is composed of metamorphic rocks of Pre-Cambrian age. Considering drainage. elevation, 24.1 Northern Upper Ganga Plain forest cover, soils and ramfall, sub-divisions were 2.4.2 Southern Upper Ganga Plain delineated. In general, the elevation rises to over I 000 m in the south while it hardly exceeds 500 m in 2.5 Middle Ganga Plain the north. The rivers of this region have mostly rea­ ched their base level of erosion which have carved out This is the transitional zone between the Upper wide valleys in various regions of considerable impor­ Ganga Plain and the Lower Ganga Plain and has been tance. This region has been divided into 12 sub-regions divided into two divisions. viz. and 33 divisions.

Middle Ganga Plain-West 2.5.1 ~.t Semi-Arid Rajasthan 2.5.2 Middle Ganga Plain-East This portion of Rajasthan is marked with inter­ 2.6 Lower Ganga Plain vening valleys where the soils are red, yellow and mixed red-black in character. The regional characteris· The characteristics of the landscape in the Ganga tics of this region are different from those of the arid Plain change abruptly in the Lower Ganga Plain exten­ zone of the Rajasthan (2.3}. The annuCl! rainfall here ding over Bihar and West Bengal due to bigh rainfall. It varies from 35 to 4S em· Besides, the vegetation is has an elevation of below 75 m and has been further partly developed over the hills and slopes which mostly divided into following six micro regions: belongs to semi-arid type, while the arid plains are in· rested with thorny scrub and bushy vegetation. This which are thickly forested. The Northern Madhya region has further been divided into three divisions: Pradesh is typically a ravine and derelict land zone on account of erosion by the tributaries of Chambal 3.1.1 Aravalli Range and the Associated system. The Northern Madhya Pradesh Uplands-East Uplands region represents the Vindhyas with well developed scarps. Three divisions made in this meso region are: 3.1.2 Semi-Arid Uplands of Eastern Rajasthan

3·1.3 Banas-Chambal Basin 3.4.1 Northern Madhya Pradesh Ravine Uplands-West 3· 2 Uttar Pradesh Uplands 3.4.2 Northern Madhya Pradesh Uplands­ Central Uttar Pradesh Uplands represent well defined zone of Vindhyan System in the south. The average eleva­ 3.4.3 Northern Madhya Pradesh Uplands­ tion is 500-600 m and slopes towards the plain in the East north. The divisions made in this meso region are: 3.5 Central Madhya Pradesh Plateau 3.2.1 Jhansi Uplands The Central Madhya Pradesh Plateau inherits a 3.2.2 Mirzapur Uplands complex geology. In general, gneisses-Vindhyans and Jhansi Uplands are comparatively dry while the Gondwanas are fairly represented here. Forest is de­ Mirzapur Uplands are wet. ciduous and presents large varieties of Sal. Soils are primarily medium black to deep blllck. The region 3.3 Bihar-West Bengal Uplands has bren sub-divided into three divisions:

Bihar-West Bengal Uplands region is one of the 3.5.1 Sagar Plateau most interesting regions for the studies in geomorpho­ 3.S.2 Bhopal Plateau logy and cultural geogarphy. The whole region belongs 3.5.3 Ratlam Plateau to the unclassified crystal1ine rocks. The elevation of the Bihar Highlands known as Chotanagpur Plateau is 3.6 Southern Madhya Pradesh Uplands in the range of 300-900 m which is often high above 900 m at places in the form of rounded hills. Soils The region, in general, represents black soil. Annual in this region are mainly red and yellow and red rainfall varies between 200 and 300 em. The whole region is densely forested in general. According to the sandy. Red and black soils are predominant in Singh­ elevation, drainage and micro-orographic characteris­ bhum region. The drainage is radial. Forests are tics the region has been divided into three divisions. dense in Palamu, Ranchi and Hazaribag areas, while it becomes sparse in Puruliya on account of degenera­ 3.6.1 Narmada Region inc)udinS flanks of ted soils on the uplands. On the basis of elevation Vindhyas and Satpura and nature of topography the region has been divided into four divisions: 3.6.2 Mahanadi Basin 3.6.3 Madbya Pradesh Dandakaranya 3.3.1 Ranchi Plateau

3.3.~ Hazaribag Plateau 3.7 Northern Maharashtra 3.3.3 Puruliya Uplands The Northern Maharashtra represents tbe major 3.3.4 Singhbhum Plateau soil regions developed over 'Deccan Flows'. In this region average annual rainfall ranges between 40 and 3.4 Northern Madhya Pradesh Uplands 80 em· The altitudinal characteristics are quite pro­ nounced and hence the delineation of above regions is The Northern Madhya Pradesh Uplands region has based on the 'Valleys and Divides' concept of orogra­ been sub-divided into three divisions. In general. the ele­ phy of the region. It has been flJrther divided into vation is between 300 and 600 m with numerous hills following two divisions:

10 3.7.1 Tapti-Purna Valley due to southern Sahyadri and Nilgiri Hills. The weB.!: 3.7.2 Wardha-Penganga-Wainganga Plain tern and the eastern flanks get an annual rainfall of about 80-200 em but the central part of the uplands is almost dry. Due to comparatively high rainfall the 3.8 Mabarasbtra Plateau hilly areas are forested. On the basis of elevation two divisions have been carved out which are: This meso region. in general, has an altitude rang­ ing between 300 and 900 m and extends over basalts. 3.10.1 Eastern Flanks of Sahyadri Some high ranges like Ajanta range, Harischandra 3.10.2 Tamil Nadu Uplands range, Mahadeo range and Balaghat range break the monotony and thus form a mosaic of plateau with pro­ 3.11 ADdhra Plateau truded hills. Annual rainfall, in general, varies between 80 and 100 em except in the central region of Maha­ Andhra Plateau is another well· defined plateau rashtra Plateau which generally gets less than 80 em region over the Archaean gneissic rocks of Southern rainfall. Forests cover, in general, is sparse and at lndia which is drained mostly by Godavari, Krishna piaces dense which is of dry deciduous type. Conse­ and Penner river systems. Over the western margins, quently, two divisions have been made in this region, the soils are mostly medium black with intrusion of viz. deep black soils in Krishna valley. The rest of the region is characterised by red sandy soils. The average 3.8.1 Eastern Plateau annual rainfall is below 80 em in this region. The region is covered with deciduous forests. On the 3.8.2 Western Plateau with Protruded Hills basis of elevation and other considerations, the region has been divided into four divisions and identified as: 3.9 Karnataka Plateau 3.11.1 Godavari Depression The Karnataka Plateau is a well defined plateau 3.11.2 Telengana Plateau region of the Deccan over the unclassified crystalline 3.11.3 Krishna Piedmont Plain rocks. In general, the northern portion is having an 3. I I .4 Rayalaseema elevation of about 300 m with a westward slope, while the southern portion is high (over 900 m) and 3.12 Orissa Highlands slopes towards the south-east_ Tungabhadra river cuts it into two regions. Average annual rainfall is around The Orissa Highlands region is comprised of the 80 em in major part of this region. Soils in the nor­ north-eastern extension of unclassified crystalline rocks thern Karnataka are black while in the south these of the Deccan Plateau. Here the topography is rugged are mostly laterite, red sandy and red loamy. Forests and elevation is about 1 200 m in Koraput plateau. The are dense only in Malnad bordering Sahyadri where Mahanadi and Brahmani rivers have carved out well the main elevation reaches 1 000 m with heavy rainfall defined valleys. Soils of the region are mostly red of 150 em per annum. Three divisions made on the and sandy interspersed with red and yellow soils in above considerations in this region are : some areas. The western portion of the region con­ sists of deep valJeys with spurs. In general, the sou­ 3.9.1 Northern Karnataka Plateau thern portion is much more dissected and higher than 3.9.2 Central Karnataka Plateau the northern one, where the range of elevation is bet­ 3.9.3 Southern Karnataka Plateau ween 300 and 900 m. Average annual rainfall of the region is between 200 and 300 cm. The region has 3.10 Tamil Nadu Uplands been divided into two well marked divisions according to elevation, viz.

This region is the southern extension of unclassified crystalline rocks of Cambrian period and is marked 3.12.1 Northern Orissa Highlands with fairly wide valley of Cauvery and its tributaries. 3.12.2 Southern Orissa Highlands In general, the elevation is over 900 m in the west (Orissa Dandakaranya)

11 4. THE COASTAL PLAiNs AND ISLANDS 4.3 Eastern Coastai Region Geologically, the Coastal Plains adjacent to the The Eastern Coastal Region can be distinguished Peninsular region are mere 'Shore Facies' of the from the Western coast because the basic geographical Deccan Trap. The region shows some definite re­ factors of these two regions vary to a great extent. The gional chazacteristics for classification on acco­ 100 cm isohyetal line separates the eastern and unt of coastal alluvium hemmed in between the western coastal areas at the district level at Kanniya­ Sahyadri and Arabian Sea towards the west and the kumari. The Eastern Coastal Region is wide and the Eastern Ghats and Bay of Bengal in the east. The soils differ appreciably WIthin this region. The big rainfall varies in these sections which is high (above 300 rivers carve out broader valleys or deltas which provide em) in the Western Coastal Region and low (about 100 further clue in establishing tbe diviSIOns in the em) in the Eastern Coastal Region. The Coastal Plain has Eastern Coastal Region. The Eastern Ghats are broken been sub divided into four sub-regions and 20 divisions. as they do not run as continuous geographical barrier. 4.1 Gojarat Region The region has been divided into eight dlVlsions, viz. This region represents almost the whole of Oujarat atate. It is composed of 'Deccan Flows' and coastal 4.3.1 Kanniyakumari Coast 1ertiary deposits. Gujarat Plain is drained by 4.3.2 Sandy Littoral Sabarmati and Mahi rivers. Eastern Hilly Region Coromandel Coast is comprised of Panch Mahals and The Dangs districts. 4.3.3 Kathiawar Peninsula is partly rocky haVing an eleva­ 4.3.4 Southern Andhra Coastal Plain tiol) of above 15 m· Radial drainage is the 4.3.5 Krishna Delta chief characteristic feature of this zone. Kachchh Peninsula solely corresponds with Kachchh district. 4.3.6 Godavari Delta The chief characteristic feature of the region is the 4.3 7 Northern Andhra Coastal Plain sandy plain with isolated rocky hills. AU these regions may typically be said as semi-arid while 4.3.8 Mahanadi Delta the Kachchh Peninsula is arid. The above mentioned 4.4 The Islands four regions are as follows: 4.1.1 Gujarat Plain The Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of. 4.1.2 Eastern Hilly Region Bengal and Lakshadweep in the Arabian Sea vary between themselves in tbe geographical location as 4. t.3 Kathiawar Peninsula well as in human geography and form two micro 4.1.4 Kachchh Peninsula regions. 4.2 Western Coastal Region 4.4.1 The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are compo The Western Coastal Rt'gion lies just bordering the sed of more than 300 named and unnamed Islands. Out Sahyadri (the Western Ghats). The regloD is often of these 33 major islands are inhabited, While the very narrow in Karnataka Coastal Region which remaimng islands are uninhabited. Geologically. broadens further soutb lD Kerala. RaIDfall is sandstone and shales of Eocene period predominate. quite heavy over 300 em per annum Six divisions Due to hot and humid climate. soils are lateritic and hll ve been demarcated in this region which cover degenerated with luxuriant growth of vegetation cover. pomons of Maharasbtra, Karnataka, KeraJa. Mahe Coral formation is the chief characteristics of the district of Pondi.:herry and Goa distClct of Goa, islands and so tbe group of islands forms a definite Daman & DIU. The six divisioDs are : entity of a region on these considerations. 4.2 1 Maharashtra Littoral 4.4.2 The Lakshadweep-These islands have deve­ 4.2.2 Goa Coast loped very near to the continental shelf of the Indian 4.2.3 Karnataka Coast coast· The total number of islands is 27 out of wruch 10 4.2.4 North Kerals Coast arc inhabited and the remaining 17 are uninhabited.

4.2.5 Central Kerala Cout These two present a particular geographical envi­ 4·2.6 South Kerala Coast ronmont, ecology and culture zone of Jndia.

J2 CENSUS OF INDIA MAP i

", 8.' 88' .,' ,.' INDIA REGIONAL DIVISIONS

BOUNDARY, INTERNATIONAL .. .. _ . _._ BOUNDARY, STATE/UNION TERRITORy

OISTRICT . ..•.•..•...... ••... ______

32" ", KILOMETRES C' tOO 50 0 100 200 ;,00 400

N

", B T

t Marlp~r Morl" 2 Manipur EOIl 3 Motllpur c.. .. trol 4 Maniput Wesl 5101cQpurSouth OISTRICTS Of" MEGH.o.LAYA 1 We,I GOfO Hill 2: East GafaHtII, 3 Wesl Khat; HiII$ 4 Eall Kha .. Hib ,. i. 5 JQw,1i1l Hilli . 'V DISTR ICTS Or NAGALAt()

1 "~ 2 Mo.o.chung \ 3 WOliho '0' BAY 4 TIMn'OIIg '0' 5 ZIInh.boto OF OISTRICTS OF SIKKlhI ~ i No.III Or.tricl 2: '111"$1 Dislrict BENGAL 3 South Di$t,ic::' ~11, 4 Ellsl Dislrict DISTRICTS OF lRlPIJRA 1Nor!h T.ipuro 2 Wilt Trip..", 3 Sou'h T.lp... o A R ABIAN S E A BOUNDARY, REGIONAL OMSION MACRO ... _____ MESO . CJ ,"' I.' MICRO .. ~

Bad. Bodgom { JAMhlU '"0 KASHMIR} Bil. BiIo ,p ~r (HIMACHAL PRAOESH) CH AMDIGARH

( MADHYA PRADESH) OCoco I•. ~ (8UIl ....l G. GonGllinogor ( GUJARAT I G.0 .6D. GOA , DAMA'" • DIU Hom. Hamlr"... I HIMACHAL P~ADES H I Haslliorllur ( PUN"AB ) 1(0p .... hIIIo (PUNJAB I . (KoihnllrHorth) IK.N.) ( JAMMU KASHMIR I 12' s "'0 ", (K.S.I (Ko,lImirSoulh) ( JAMMU ANO KASHMIR I hlollendrooo,h ( HARYANA I ,. hllIlollorp ... (BIHAR) PII.C. F'aNlchim Cnompo.on ( BI-lARl .,. ,' . Pu. t PurbilChOl!l9o'Of1 (aJtjA~ ) ,. PIIII"aml! ( JAMhlU AND KASHMIR) r '" RUjH'I09or (PUNJAB) ~ 1' .~4,2 "m 50mol'"ur (BIHAR ) a ,. Tumkur (I(ARNATAKA) '111'.01 WISI Dlrlloilall" (WEST BENSAL I " a i- t<' " t<' "

INDIRA POIt4 T

N D A N o c E A N 7i!" EAST OF GREENWICH '" 84' 8"

Bond UlIQn Sur .... ~ of InOl~ mop ",til 11'1. p • • n'UJlIOn of." Sur"YOf titn.,Cll of IIIdio. Tht bollndory of ,.. ofI GIo}

PHYSIO-GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS OF INDIA (REGIONAL DIVISIONS)

Regions with Sub-Regions Divisions with Districts Slate/Union Code No. with Code No. Code No. Territory (Macro) (MeSo) (~icro)

2 3 4

1. The Northern 1.1 Jammu & J .1.1 Ladakh Ladakh &. Kargil Jammu & Kashmir Mountains Kashmir 1.1.1 Kashmir Anantnag (KS), Jammu & Kashmir Himalaya Valley Baramula (KN), Pulwama, Badgam. Kupwara and Srinagar 1.1.3 Jammu Doda, Jammu. Kathua, Jammu & Kashmir Punch, Rajauri and Udbampur

J. 'Z Himachal 1.2.1 Northern Chamba Himachal Pradesh Pradesb Himachal mmalaya Pradesh J .2.'2. Trans-Himalayan Kinnaur and Lahul Himachal Pradesh Zone & Spiti J .2.3 Central Himacbal Kangra. KulIu, Una. Himachal Pradesh Pradesh Hamirpur and Mandi 1.2.4 Southern Hima- Bilaspur, Solan. Shimla Himachal Pradesb chat Pradesh and Sirmaur

1.3 Uttar 1.3.1 Kumaon Chamoli, Pithoragarh Uttar Pradesh Pradesh Himalaya- and Uttarkashi Himalaya North 1.3.2 Western Kumaon Dehra Dun, Garhwal Uttar Pradesh Himalaya, Siwa- and Tebri Garh~al Uk & DoODs 1.3.3 Kumaon Almora and Nainital Uttar Pradesh Himalaya-East

1.4 North· 1.4.1 Sikkim North District, Sikkim Ealtern Himalaya West District, Soulh Himalaya District and East District 1.4.1 Darjiling Darjiling and West Bengal HImalaya inclu- Jalpalguri ding Duars 1.4.3 Western Arunachal West Kamens. Ealt Arunachal Pradesh Pradesh Himalaya Kameng, Lower Subansirl, Upper Subansiri, West Siang and East Siang

IS 1 2 :I 4 5

1.4.4 Eastern Arunachal Dibang Valley. Lohit Arunachal Pradesh Pradesh Himalaya and Tirap

1." Eastern I.~. Nagaland Hills Kohima, Mokokchung, Nagaland Hill Zone Mon. Wokha, Zunheboto, Phek and Tuensang J .S.2 Manipur Hills Manipur East. Manipur Manipur North, Manipur West, Pocket of Manipur Central and Manipur South

1,5.3 Imphal VaHey . Mao1pur Central and Manlpur Tengnoupal 1.5.4 Hill Zone Aizawl Lunglei and Mizoram ChhimtuipUl 1.5.5 Tripura Plain South 1 ripura and Tripura West Tripura 1.5.6 Tripura HiUs North Tripura Tripura J.5.7 Cachar Plain Cachar Assam 1.5.8 Karbi Anglong & Karbi AOgtODg and Assam North Cachar Hills North Cachar Hills 1,5.9 Eastern West Khasi Hills, East Meghalaya Meghalaya Khasi Hills and Jainti. Hills

1.5. 0 Western West Garo Hills and MeghaJaya Meghatala East Garo Hills

2. The Great 2.1 Punjab 2.'.1 Ravi·Beas Inter- Amritsar and Gurdaspur Punjab Plains PLin fluvial Plain 2.1.2 Hoshiarpur-Chandi- Chandigarh, Hoshiarpur Chandigarb and Punjab garh Sub-montane and Rupnaaar Plain 12.1.1 Beas-Satluj Doab Jalandbar and Kapurthala Punjab 2.1A Punjab-Malwa Bathinda, Firozpur, Punjab Plain Ludhiana, Patia)a, Sangrur and Faridkot

2.2 Haryana 2.2.1 Eastern Haryana Ambala, KUlukshetra, Jind , Haryana Pitlin Plain Karnal, Rohtak and Sonipat

2.2.2 Western Haryana Hislr, Sirsa and Bhiwani Haryana Plain

2.1.3 Southern Haryana Delhi. Guraaon. Delhi and H.ryana Plain Mahendra&arh and Faridabad

16 I 2 3

2.3 Arid Raja- 2.3.1 OhaSlar Plain Ganganagar Rajasthall 5than Plain 2,3.2 Rajasthan Bagar Churu, Jbunjhunun, Rajasthan Nagaur and Sikar 2.'.3 I!xtreDleJy Arid Bikancr and JaisalDler Rajasthan Tract 2.3.4 Ltl!Ii Valley Barmer, lalor, Jodhpur Rajasthan and Pali

2.4 Upper 2.4.1 Northern Upper B'jnor, Ghaziabad, Mecrut, Uttar Pradesh Ganga Ganga Plain Moradabad, Muzatfarnagar. Plain Rampur and Saharanp\lr 2.4.2 Southern Upper AJigarh, Airs, BareiIly, Uttar Pradesh Ganga Plain Budaun Bulandshahr. Etah. Etawah, Farrukha. bad. Kheri, Mainpuri. Mathura, PiJibhit and Shahjahanpur

2.S Middle '.5.1 Middle Ganga Allahabld Blhraich. Bara UUar Pradesh Ganga Plain·West Banld. F.·izabad. Fatehpur, Plain Gonda Hardoi. Kanpur, Lucknow. Pratapgarh, Rae BarcH. Sitapur. Sultanpur and Unnao 2.5.1 Middle Ganga Azamgarh, Ballia Basti. Uttar Pradesh Plilin·East Deoria, Gorakhpur, Varanasi, Jaunpur and Ghazipur

2.6 Lower '.6 .. North 8ihar Pashcl-.im Champaran, BIhar Ganga PlaiD Purba Champaran. Dar- Plain bhanga Muzaft"arpur, Purnia, Saharsa. Saran. Sltamarhi, Begusarai. Madhubani, Katibar. Samastipur. VaisbaH. Siwan and Gopalganj

2.~.2 South Bihar Bbagalpur _ Gaya, MUDger. Bihar Plain Patna. Bhojpur, Nalanda, Nawada, Rohtas and Aurangabad

2.6.3 Barind Tract Koch Bihar, MaJdah and West Bengal West Dina;pur

1.fj.4 Moriband Delta Murshidabad and Nadia West Bengal

17 1 3 4

1.6.! Proper Delta Barddhaillan, CalcuUa, Welt Bengal Hugli, Haora and Twentyfour Parganas 2.6.6 Rarh Plain Bankura, Birbhum and West Ben,a) Medinipur 2.1 Brahmaputra 2.7.1 Western Brahma- Goalpara and Kamrup Assam Valley putra Valley 2.7.2 Central Brahma- Darrang and NagaoD Assam putra Valley 2.7.1 Eastern 8rahma- Lakhirnpur, Sibsagar Assam putra Valley and uibrugarh

3. The Deccan 3, , Semi Arid 3.1.1 Aravalli Range Ajmer, Atwer, Banswara, Rajasthan Plateau Rajllsthlin and the Assucia ted Chilt-urgarh. Dungarpur. Uplands Jaipur, Sirohi aQd Udaipur 3.1.2 Semi.Arid Uplands Bhilwara, Bundi, Kota, Rajasthan of Eastern Jhalawar and Tonk Rajasthan '!.1. '3 Banas.Chambal Bbaratpur and Sawai Rajasthan Basin Madbopur 3. 'Z Ultar Pradesh 3.'2.1 Jhansi Uplands Banda, Hamirpur, Uttar Pradesh Upland, JafauD, Lalitpur aDd Jhansi 3,2.2 Mirz8Dur Uplands Mirzapur Uttar Pradesh

3,3 Bihar~West 3.3.1 Ranchi Plateau Palamu and Ranchi BihaE Bengal Uplands 3.'3.2 Hazaribag Plateau Dhanbad, lIazaribal, Bihar Giridih aDd Santhal Pargana 3.3.3 Puruliya Uplands PuruIiya West Bengal 3.3.4 Singhbhum Plateau Singbbbum Bihar

3.4 Northern 3.4.1 Northern Madhya Bhind. Datia. Guna, Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh Ravine Gwalior. Morena Pradesb Uplands-West and Shivpuri Uplands 3.4.2 Northern Madhya Chhatarpur, Panna Madhya Prades b Pradesh Uplands. and Tikamgarh Central 3.4.3 Northern Madhya Rewa, Satna, Shabdol, Madhya Pradesh Pradesh Uplands· Sidhi and Surguja East

18 1 2 3

3.5 Central 3.S.1 Saear Plateau Damoh. SJpr and Madhya Pradesh Madhya Vidisba Pradesh Plateau

3.'.2 Bhopal Plateau Dewas, Indore, Raisen, Madbya Pradesh Bhopal and Sehorc 3.5.3 Ratlam Plateau Dhar Jhabua, Mand. Madhya Pudesh saur Ra'lam, Rajlarh, Shajapur and Unain

3.6 Soutbern 3.6.1 Narmada Region Balaghat. Betul Chhind.. Madhya Pradesh Madhya including Flanks wara. Hoshan,abad. Jaba)pur, Pradesh of Vindhya and West Nimat. East Nimar. Uplands Salpura Mandla. Narsimbapur and Seoni

3.6.2 Mahanadi Dasin Bilaspur. Durl. Ralgarh, Madhya Pradesh Raj NandgaoD. and Raipur

3.6.3 Madhya Pradesh Ba~tar Madhya Pradesh Dandakaranya

3.7 Northern 3.7.1 Tapti-Purna Amravati, Akola, Buldana. Maharashtra Mabarashtra Va\ley Dbule and Jalgaon 3.7.2 Wardha-Penganga· Bhandara, Chandrapur. Maharashtra Waineangel PlaiD Nagpur Wardha aDd Yavatmal

3.a Ma· arashtea 3,8.1 Eastern Plateau Aurangabad. Bid. Kolha. Maharaahtra Plateau pur, Nanded. Osmanabad, Parbhani, Sangli and Solapur

3.8.2 Western Plateau Ahmudnagar. Nashik~ Maharashtra with Protruded Hills Pune and Salara

3.9 ICarnataka 3.9.1 Northern Karnataka Belgaum. Didar. Kamataka Plateau Plateau Bijapur aDd Gulbar,.

3.9.2 Central Karnataka Bellary. Chikmagalur. KarDataka Plateau Chitradurga. Dharwad, Sbimolfa. Raicbur and pocket ofTumkur

3.'.3 Southern Karaataka Bangalore. Kod.BU. Karnataka Plarerau Hassan. Kolar, Mandya, MYlore and Tumkur

19 1 2 3 4 5

'.10 Tamil Nadu 3,10.1 Bastern Planks of Colmbatore. Madurai, Tamil Nadu Uplandl Sabyadri Nilgiri and Periyar 3,10.2 Tamil Nadu Dharmapuri. North Tamil Nadu Uplands Areot and Salem

3.11 Andhra 3.11.1 Godavari Depre- Karimnagar, Khammam Andbra Pradesh Plateau Ision and Warangal

3.11.2 Telansana PJat~au Adilabad, Hyderabad. Andhra Pradesh Mahbubnagar, Medak. Nizamabad and Raogareddi ! .11.3 Krishna Piedmont NaJgonda Andhra Pradesh Plain 3.11.4 Rayalaseema Anaoiapur, Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh Cuddapah aod Kuroool

3.12 Orissa High- 3.12.1 Northern Orissa Dheokanal. Kendujhar. Orissa lands Highlands Mayurbbanj, Sambah ur and Sundaraarh 3,12,2 Southern Orissa Pbulabani, Balaogir, Orissa Highlands (Orissa Gaojam, Kalahandi Dandakaraoya) aod Koraput

4. The Coas- 4.1 Gujarat 4.1.1 Gujarat Plain Ahmadabad. Bbaruch, Gujarat. Dadra & Nagar tal Plains Region Banas Kantha, Gandhi- Ha veh and Goa, Daman and Islands nagar, Kheda, Mahesaoa, & Diu Sabar Kantha. Surat. Vadodara, Valsad, Dadra & Nagar liaveli aDd Daman 4.1.2 Eastern Hilly Panch Mahals and Gujarat Region The Dangs 4.1.3 Kathiawlr Amreli, Bhavnagar, Jam- Gujaraf and Goa. Penimula nagar, Juoagadh. Rajkot. Daman &. Diu Surc:ndranagu and Diu 4.1.4 Kachchh Peninsula Kachchh Gujarat

4.2 Western 4.2.1 Maharashtra Greater Bombay. Raisarh. Maharashtra Co~tal ltesion Littoral Ratnagiri and Thane 4.2.2 Goa Coast Goa Goa, Daman & Diu 4.2.3 K.arnataka Coast Uttar Kanoad and Karnataka Dakshin Kannad 4.-i.4 North Kerala Cannanore, Kozhikod" ,Kerala and Pondicherry ~ "-oaSt WaYlnad a.n4 Ma,hg

20 I 2 3

4.2.5 Central Kerala Ernakulam. Eottayam. Iterala Coast Malapputam. Palgbat, Trichur and Iduk]d 4.2.6 South Kerala Alleppey. Trivandrum Eerala Coast and Quilon

4.3 Eastern 4.3. t Kanniyakumari Kanniaykumari Tamil Nad. Coastal Coast Relion 4.3.2 Sandy Littoral Ramanathapunm and I'amil Nadu Tirunclveli

4.3.3 Coromandel Coast ChCUlllpattu, Madras, Tamil Nadu and.

Thanjavur I Tiracbchirappalli. PondidlCll'7 Soutb Arcot. Pudukkottai. KaraikaJ and Pondicherry 4.3.4 Southern Andhra Nellore and Prakuam Andhra Pradeah Coastal Plain 4.3.' Krishna Delta Gwtur and lC.rishna Andhra P18dcsh 4.3.6 Godavari Delt. East Godavari, West Andbra Pradesb and Godavari and Yanam PODdicbcrry 4.3.7 Northern Andhra Srikakulam, Vizianasaram Andhta Pradesh Coastal Plain and Vishakhapalnam 4.3.8 Mahanadi Delta Balesbwar, Cutlack Orissa and Puri

4.4. The Islands 4.4.1 Andaman and Andaman and Nicobar Andaman aDd Nicobar Nicobar Jslands Islands 4.4.3 Laksbadwecp Laksbadwcep Laksbadweep

PART II REGIONAL DIVISIONS OF ANDHRA PRADESH

UGIONAL DIVISIONS Of ANDBIIA PRADESH

The state of Andbra Pradesh was formed on 1st In this region, the great salt water lagoon of November, 1956 under the State Re-organisation Act. Pulieat is situated.

Andhra Pradesh is situated approximately between (ii) The Eastern Gbats are a serie, of detached hin 12°38' and 19°55' north latitudes aud 76°45' and 84°45' ranges of heterogeneous composition borderi.., east longitudes and is bounded by Maharashlra, the peneplains over the plateau in the interior. Madhya Pradesh and Orissa states in tbe north, Tamil The Eastern Ghats widen and reach an eleva­ Nadu in the south, Karnataka in the west and the tion of more than 900 metres south of the Bay of BengaJ in the east. The total area of Andhra Krishna valle)'. Tbey continue into the Konda­ Pradesh is 275068.00 kmll (provisional geographical veedu hills. South of tbe Krishna lie tho area figures) with a total population of 53 549 673 most interesting of the eastern hills-the Cudda­ persons in 1981. pah ranges and basin. This relion forms a great crescent, the heart of it being the Wide Andhra Pradesh in general has the structure of the Nandyal valley drained by the Kunderu river. plateau which can be broadly divided into three This region has an altitude of about 200 natural regions : (i) The Coastal Plains, ii) the Eastern metres. To the west this trough Is markcd oil Ghats and (iii)' the Plateau with intermittent peneplains. from the Deccan plateau by the out facing Some of the brief characteristics of these broad zones scarpa of Erramalai/Seshachalam/PalakoDda are as follows : hills. raising to an altitude of about 900 metres and forming a very fine scarp ovel loo­ (i) The Coastal Plains consist of a belt of varying king the Anantapur and Chittoor basins. The width between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay eastern limb of the central Kunderu basin is of Bengal. Srlkakulam, Vizianagaram and Visha­ formed by the parallel Na.llam: laia and Veliko· khapatnam districts constitute the northern ndas having an altitude of 750 to 900 metres. portion of the narrow coastal plains having an altitude between 75 and 150 metres. The (iii) The Plateau: The Plateau is composed or a northern parts of this region are dotted with land having eroded. flat and hillock structures. outliers of the Eastern Ghats where the altitude The interior of Andhra Pr .desh in Anantapur. is between 300 and 1'00 metres. The central Kuroool and all the districts of Telangana plain which is the broadest, comprises of East consists of indications of Peneplains developed Godavari, West Godavari. Krishna and Guntur on the Archaean gneisses in the plateau region. districts. The coast for several kilometres In the north, faulting has preserved a belt of inland is largely fringed with manJIrove swamp GondwanBS along the lower Godavari trough or sand dunes rising to 30-50 feet. The which is below I 50 metres in altitude. The Krishna and Godavari deltas have conspicuous most general level lies between 480 to 800 cbaractcristics jn the statc. Thc narrow metres altitude in this portion. On the south coastal pJain in the south is occupied by the Krishna and Tungabhadra valleya lie at Prakasam and Nellore district... with low an altitude of 300 to 450 metres below the peneplains on Arcbaean gneissel and schists. rugged break or slope down rrom the Mysorc plateau. To the Dorth.. wOlt, the watershed These a.te. eve~sand• ot....Ja1.. ~ . ~._ nnaa!t .. llIle and. largely cov .. ?'~{'MnlI.ap~C8. bctwectl. the -Bhima and. tho _~ Godavari ~ is : a - - _. I",

25 great swelling upland reaching an altitude of The highest maximum annual mean temperature 7211 metres in certain places. of 349°C has been recorded at Rentachintala in Guntur district. closely followed by Ramagundam Geologicallv, the state shows predominance of the (34.4°C) in Karimnagar district; while Arogyavaram Archaean gneisses in its western region. Almost the in Chittoor district is having the lowest annual mean entire Telangana. western and southern Rayalaseema, maximum temperature (30AOC). The minimum portion of Kurnool and Anantapur. the entire Cbittoor annual mean temperature ranges between 19.7°C at district and parts of Nellore district are composed of Arogyavaram and 24.4°C at Nellore and Ongolo. this rock type. Some parts of Vizianagaram. Vishakhapatnam. East Godavari, West GOdavari, Anantapur, Cuddapah. Nellore, Kurnool and Kham~ About half of the area in the state is under mam districts ha"e Lower Pre-Cambrian and Upper Pre­ cultivation. The area under forests accounts for Cambrian formations. The coastal part of the state about 25 per cent while the area not available for is having Recent alluvium, PleistOcene and Mio­ cultivation constitutes IS per cent of the total area of Pliocene deposits. The Upper Carboniferous forma­ the state. The highest percentage of net area sown is tion b ~pread over the parts of Adilabad, Karimnagar, reported by Kuroool district (58 36%) and the lowest Warangal and Khammam districts. by Nellore (2S%l. About one-fourths of the net cultivated area in the state is irrigated. The coastal Most of the soils in the state are red sandy, red districts are most irrigated. loamy, medium and deep black. while the coastal parts of the state are covered with alluvial, deltaic alluvial The state is the Vth largest in the country with a and coastal a1lu\'ial soils. The soil map given in this population of 53 549 673 as per 1981 Census. It volume is in addition to the above also outlines the consists of 27 108922 males and 2f) 440 751 ramales traditional classifications on the map reproduced making a sex ratio of 9 75 females per 1000 males as according to the National Bureau of Soil Survey and against 934 for the country as a whole. The propor­ Land Use Planning. I.C.A R, Nagpur. Readers may tion of urban population is 23.32 per cent which is match both the classification for their evaluation and lower than the National average (23 70%). There the distribution of soils with reference to theregional are 252 towns and 27 379 inhabited villages. The systems as evolved in this exercise. average density of population in the state is 195 persons per km 2 against 216 persons per km2 for India The climate of Andhra Pradesh is of monsoon in 1981 Census. The maps on urban and rural type in general. The summer monsoon (June to St:ptem­ density of population (by Taluks) clearly reflect the ber) contributes nearly 80 per cent of the annual spatIal variations in density. The high est den~ity of rainfall in Telangana. 75 per cent in Rayalaseema and population has been recorded in Hyderabad district 50 per cent in the Coastal Andhra region. The which is mainly due to high concentration of urban rainfall is not evenly dbtributed dunng the monsoon population. The lowest density of 35 persons per km2 season over the entire state and it decreases usually is found in Rampach'ldavaram taluk of East Godavari towards the north. The heavy rainfall is experiem;ed dis~rict as large part of its area is hilly. A look on during the rainy season due to concentration of low the map reveals that the most thickly populated belt of pressure in the Bay of Bengal. The floods are COmmon the state lies along the coast. All the coastal taluks in rainy season in north Telangana area and north along the coast line of the state have a density of po pula Coastal AT dhra. The south-western part, covering tion of more than 200 per~ons per km2 except Sullurpet, most of Rayalaseema, remams as and due to lack Gundur and Kavali taluks of Nellore district and of rainfall. Due to high temperatures and thunders­ Kandukur taluk of Prakasam district which are having torms during April-May. sho"ers occur in Andhra a density of 195 persons per km2 and below. SuHurpet Pradesh. The average annual rainfall in ADdhra taluk of Nell ore district is the least populated coastal Pradesh is 90 cms. The maximum rainfall is recorded taluk Two belts of thin population distribution cove­ at Kakinada. i.e., 110.17 ems in Coastal Andhra, ring most of the area of Adilabad and Khammam while Anantapur in Rayalaseema receives the districts are noticed which run through the parts of minimum of 55.79 ems rainfall. The north-eastern Karimnagar, Warangal. West Godavari, East Godavari border alongwith the forest belt covering Telangana and Vishakhapatnam districts. This belt is largely a GIld Coastal Andhra receives good rainfalJ. hilly terrain covered with forests. Most of the sparsely 26 populated belt lies in Telangana region. The other tion is Jess than 10 per cent of the total scheduled thinly populated belt covers most of Cuddarah and tribe population of the respective districts. Prakasam distrtcts and parts of Nellore, KUTDooJ, The literacy rate of total population (including 0-4 Mahbubnagar, Nalgonda Bnd Guntur districts. In age group) in the state at 1981 CeDSus is 29.94 per cent between these two most sparsely populated belts, a~ against 24.S7 per cent recorded during 1971. with slightly higher density lie the entire Medak, Among the districts of the state. Hyderabad district NaJgonda and Nizamabad districts and parts of recorded the highest literacy rate of 58 33 per cent. Karimnagar, Warangal. Mahbubnagar, Kurnool and The districts having higher rate ofliteracy than the State Guntur districts. There are intra-district variations average are Krishna (41.71 per cent), West Godavari in the density which support the sub·divisions of tbe (17 (.1 per cent), Guntur 06 U6 per cent), Fa:.t Godavari districts based on physio-geographical factors. The (~5.31 per cent). NellOle (32. 1 6 per cent), Chittoor (31.85 maps on density (total. urban and rural) by sub-micro p~r cent) and Cuddapah (31.16 per cenO. Adilabad regions clearly reflect the impact of physio'geographic and Mahbubnagar districts have recorded a very low factors on the distribution of populdtron as per the findings of the regional divisions of the state. proportion of literates, i.e., 18.79 and 19.42 per cent respectively. In the state, there are 51 99 There are 59 scheduled ca~tes in Andhra Pradesh. per cent literates in the urban areas whereas 2324 According to the 19zs1 Census. total population of per cent in the rural areas. The lowest rate ef literacy scheduled ca~tes is 7 961 730 sharing 14 87 per cen t of 40.33 per cent in urban areas is recorded in Adilabad of the total population of the Slate. Of the total district. Among the rural areas, the Krishna delta scheduled caste population in the state 84.81 area shows a higber percentage of literates. Krishna per cent live in rural areas, while 15 19 per cent district has recorded the highest literacy rate of 3).98 are recorded in urban areas. The scheduled castes are per cent in the rural population closely followed by distributed unevenly in the state. The maximum West Godavari (33.7& per cent), Guntur (30.83 per proportion (2\ . 67 per cent) of scheduled caste popula­ cent) and Ea~t Godavari (30.48 per cent). The lowest tion is found in Nellore district closely followed by literacy rate in rural areas is noticed in Adilabad ]9.47 per cent in Rangareddi, 18.85 per cent in Karim­ district (1362 per ceDt). nagar and 18.33 per cent in Adilabad district. 1he proportion of scheduled tribe population form 5.93 The general literacy rate among the males in the per cent. The total scheduled caste and scheduled state is 39.26 per cent while in rural and urban tribe population forms about one fifth!! III 137 731 areas it works out to 32.25 and 61.89 per cent persons) of the total Pl p Jlation of the state. respectively. The highest literacy among the total male population is recorded in Hyderabad district Scheduled tribe population has higher concentra (60 72 per cent). The general literacy rate among tion in Vishakbapatnam, Adilabad. Warangal and the female population of the state is 20.39 per Kbamrram districts. KhamIJ1am district has recorded cent composed of 14.08 per cent of the female the bighest proportion of scheduled tribe population literates in rural areas and 41. 54 per cent of the (24 ~5 per cent) to total population followed by female literate population in urban areas of the state. AdHabad (I .65 per cent), Vbhakhapatnam 03.74 per The highest literacy rate amongst the rural femaJe cent) and Waran~al (12.73 per cent'. Nellore (8.81 per population is recorded in West Godavari district cenO, Nalgond a (8.58 per cent', Vizlanagaram (8 50 (28.15 per cent). Krishna, East Godavari and Guntur per cent) and Mahbubnagar (6.35 per cent) also have districts recorded 27.18. 2444 and 21.50 per cent higher proportion of scheduled tribes than the state literacy rates respectively amoDg the rural female averge (5.93 per cent). population. The lowest female literacy rate of 5.46 per cent is recorded in the rural population of Adilabad The higber concentration of scheduled tribe district. popUlation in urban areas has been noticed 10 Guntur district with 22.74 per cent, Krishna distTlct with The total population of Andhra Pradesh is 53 549 673 21.48 per cent. Prakasam district with 16.68 per cent, persons as per 1981 Census which has been classi­ Nellore district with IS.83 per cent and KurDool fied Into three broad groups, viz., main workers, margi· district with 15.68 per cent, while in the remaining nal workers and non-workers. In broader sense-(i} those districts the concentration of scheduled tribe popula- who had worked in some economic activities during

27 the major part of the year for a period of six months 3.11.4 Rayalaseema including the districts of or mote have been classified as main workers, (ii) those Chittoor, Cuddapah, Anantapur and KurnooI, who had worked for less than six months have been classified as marginal workers; while (iii) non-worken 4.3.4 Southern Andhra Coastal Plain including the were those who had not worked any time at all in the districts of Nellore and Prakasam, year preceding the enumeration. The proportion of total workers to total population in Andhra Pradesh is 4.3.5 Krishna Delta including the districts of 45.76 per cent. The proportion of main workers, mar­ Guotur and Krishna, ginal workers and non-workers is 42.26, 3.50 and 54 24 per cent respectively. The percentage of agricultural 4.3.6 Godavari Delta including the districts of East labourers and cultivators is 15.55 and 13.83 to the total Godavari and West Godavari, population of the state. The proportion of male main workers to total male population in the state is 4.3.7 Northern Andhra Coastal Plain including the 57.12 per cent of which 21.06 per cent are cultivators, districts of Srikakulam, Vizianagaram and 15.14 per cent are agricultural labourers, 2.57 Vishakhapatnam. per cent are engaged in household industry, manufacturing. processing, servicing and repairs and 18.35 per cent are other workers. The Godavari Depression 1.11.1) consists of Karimnagar, Waranga) and Khammam districts. The river Godavari is the main river flowing in the south­ The proportion of female main workers to total east direction joined by its tributaries in Waranga] female population in the state is 27.02 per cent of which are flowing from south-west. The other small which 6.43 per cent are cultivators, 15.96 per cent rivers ot this region are Sabari, Muneru. Palair, agricultural labourers, 1.39 per cent in household industries. etc., and 3.24 per cent are other workers. Akheru and Wira. This region is affected by floods during rainy season. There are few isolated hills in Comparatively, the percentage of male main workers the central and eastern parts of the region. As regards is higher throughout the state as usual. the hill ranges which run in the north-east and south- west directions in Karimnagar is quite conspicuous. On the basis of physiographical background, The famous hills of Hasanaparthi and Chandra­ elevation, distribution of forests, geology, soH cove­ giri lie in the north-west of Warangal in this rage and different regional characteristics as out lined region. The steep slopes face erosion during rainy earlier, the entire Andhra Pradesh has been divided season and the topography is dissected The main into two main regions. viz .• Andhra Plateau and Andhra soils of this region are red-sandy, black clay, loamy Coastal Plain. Further these two have been sub-divided clay, black cotton soils and alluvial soils in the river into eight micro regions with the above considerations valley. The north-eastern and south-eastern portions of on large scales as given below: this region are composed of Gondwana rocks while lest of the region is characterised by the Archaean 3.11.1 Godavari Depression including the districts gneisses. of Karimnagar. WarangaI and Khammam, The TeJangana Plateau (3. I I 2) consists of the 3.11.2 Telangana Plateau including the districts of districts of Mahbubnagar, Rangareddi. Hyderabad. Rangareddi, Hyderabad, Mahbubnagar, Medak. :Medak. Nizamabad and Adi1abad. The river Goda­ Nizamabad and Adilabad. vari flows along the northern border of Nizamabad and southern border of Adilabad districts. The river Penganga touches the northern border of AdiJabad 3.11.3 Krishna Piedmont Plain including Nalgonda district, while river Musi and river Manjira flow district, through Hydcrabad and Nizamabad distrittl. The river Krishna enters the district of Mahbubnagar Iakamma rivers flow through this region. The eastera from the south-west and is joined by river Tunga­ part of the region is influenced by Bay of Bengal. bhadra on the southern border of the district. The The coastal plain has been formed after the deposition districts of Telangana Plateau are mostly covered of sediments of rivers and from the sea. The main with tropical dry deciduous type of forests which forest types of this region are southern dry mixed constitutes half of the forest coverage of the state. deciduous and southern thorny forests. The eastern In this region the land is undulated and hillocks are part facing sea coast is covered with alluvium and scattered all over the surface. The SatmaJa hill is laterite, while the remaining part of the region belongs lying in this region. This region has developed on to Archaean and Upper and Lower Pre-Cambrian the Archaean gneisses. The main soils found are formations. The main soils of the region are brown. deep black, medium black, red sandy and laterites. red sandy, coastal alluvium, laterites and mixed red and black soils. The KrisbDa Piedmont Plain (3.11.3)* includes The Krishna Delta (4.3.5) includes Guntur and Nalgonda district. The river Krishna flows along the Krishna districts. These districts are separated by southern border of the district. The river Dindi joins the river Krishna on the southern margin. The the river Krishna which is one of the main rivers of region is having undulating terrain and has developed this region. The Nallamala hilJs and reserved forests are spread in the western and northern part, while the predominantly on the furmations of Archaean gneis­ other areas of the region can be categorised under Coas­ ses. The forests of the region are dry deciduous tal Plains as weJJ as Krishna Delta. The deltaic portion scrubs and mainly located in the Krishna-Dindi forest of this region has been formed by the sediments of tract. The main soil of this region is red sandy. • the Krishna and its tributaries. The delta area is formed by the Recent alluvium while in the remaining The Rayalaseema region (3.11.4) consists of part of the region Upper Pre-Cambrian, Lower Pre­ Chittoor, Cuddapab, Anantapur and Kurnool dis­ Cambrian and Archaean rocks are found. The main tricts. The river Pennar and Swarnamukhi are the soils of the region are deltaic alluvium. red sandy, main rivers of this region. The river Krishna and deep black and mixed red and black. The main Tungabhadra form the northern border of this region. forest types of the region are dry deciduous scrub and Almost the entire eastern part of this region is southern dry mixed deciduous. covered with hill ranges. The main hill ranges are Nallamala. Eramala, Lankamala, Velikonda. Palkonda The Godavari Delta (4.3 6) consists of East Goda­ and Naglapuram. The remaining part of this region vari and West Godavari districts. The river Godavari has even topography formed by river basins. Most with its tributaries, Vasistha and Gautami Godavari part of the region is composed of Archaean gneisses. flow through the middle part of the region. The The north-eastern part consists of Lower Palaeozoic Godavari Delta has been formed of the sediments and Upper Pre-Cambrian formations. The important deposited by the river. The region is affected by the forest types of this region are dry deciduous scrubs, floods of Godavari during rainy season. The dry peninsular sal, soutbern thorny and southern dry northern part of the region is mostly covered with mixed deciduous and teak forests. The main soils of forests and hills of the Eastern Ghats. The middle this region are red sandy, mixed red and black, red part of the region is plain while the south-eastern loamy and alluvial. part belongs to the Godavari delta. The delta area of the region consists of the Recent alluvium while The Southern Andhra Coastal Plain (4.34) consists the remaining portion has Lower PIe-Cambrian of Nellore and Prakasam districts. The western part (Khondalites and Charnockites) rocks. The region of the region is baving Velikonda and Nallamala hill is covered with southern dry mixed deciduous and ranges, while the remaining part of the region is tropical dry forests. The main soils of the region almost plain. The Swarnamukbi, Penner and Gund- are red and deltaic alluviums.

" At the district set-up of reaional divisions, the piedmont characteristics are considered as an intesral part of plateau characteristics in this part of the country. 29 The Northern Andhra Coastal Plain (4.3.7) con­ Within the broad frame-work of two macro regions, sists of Srikakulam. Vizianagaram and Vishakhapat­ viz .• the Deccan Plateau (3) and the Coastal Plains & nam districts· The river Suvarnamukhi, Vegavati, Islands (4) of the national set-up the entire state has Langulya and Vamsadhara form the primary drainage been further dIvided into two meso regions. eight system. The north-western part of the region is hilly and micro regions in the frame of the state and 141 sub­ forested. The middle part of the region is a riverine micro regions in the districts of the state. 'n the plain while the south-eastern part represents coastal chapters following hereafter a brief analysis of the characteristics. The coastal plain haa alluvium de­ physio-cultural characteristics at sub-mIcro regional posits while the remaining part of the region is formed level of each district has been given with additional by the Lower Pre·Cambnan (Khondalites and Char­ ~tatistics within the frame of the regional divisions as nockites> rocks_ Southern dry mIxed deciduous and the fourth tier. It is hoped that this study will emer­ tropical dry forests are mainly found over the region. ge as a reasonable tool in the field of area-specific The main soils of the region are coastal alluvium, planning for a balanced socio-economic development red sandy and laterites. of the state with reference to the regions evolved in this volume for each district.

10 3.tl ANDHRA PLATEAU

Micro region District with Sub·micro region with codo (4th tier region) with code code

1 3

3.11.' Godavari Depression Karitlinagu 3.' I.l.t Tadcbetla-Singaram Forested Region 20

3.11.1.2 Dharmapur-Bagdapalli Mantbani Plain 3.tt.t.3 Metpalli·Jagtial Plain 3.1I.1.4 Sirailla Upland 3.11.1.S Karimnagar-Peddapalle Plain 3.tI.l.6 Husnabad Upland '.11.1.7 Huzurabad Plain

3.l1.1.' Godavari Basin

Waranpl 3.11.t.t Jangaon.Warangal.Narasampet-Mahbubabad 21 Region 3.11.1.2 Parkal Plain 3.11.1.3 Mulug.Cbintagudem.Gudur Forested Region 3.11.1.4 Nagaram·Mangapet Forested Region S.l1.I.S Godavari Buin

Kbammam 3.... 1.1 Nusur.Cherla Forested Upland az

3.11.1.2 Godavari Basin "'1.1.3 Narakonda.Tatllanka-Baodarugudem Forested Regioo

3.11.1.4 Rekapallo Bills (Eastern Ghats) 3.1I.I.S Kannogiri.Pongadapa-Damarcherla Porcatd Region

3.11.J.6 Khammam-Madbira.Kalluru.Kotbagudem Plala 3.11.1.7 Mabbubabad-GundalaoChimalpad Forested R.e&ion

•• 11.1.8 Damartolu-Bboorpmpadu Foreated ReaioD

81 1 2 3

3.11.2 Telar gana Plateau Mahbubanagar 3.11.2.1 Kodangal-Koilkonda Upland 14 3.tI.'1. ~ Mahbuf)nagar-Wanaparthi.Maktha1 Region 3.11.1.3 Krishna-Tungahbadra Iotcdluve 3.11.2.4 Sh dnllgar-Badepalle·Achampet Region 3.11.2.5 Mudbivenu-Cb.rakonda Upland 3.11.2.6 Koll pur Region 3.11.2.7 KollapllI-Amrabad FOrested Region

Rangareddi 3,1U.l Tandur.Pargi Forcsted Reiion 3.11.2.2 Marpally-Vicaral"-ad Upland " 3.11.2.3 Musi·Musa Valley 3.11.2.4 Mcdchal-Hayathnagar Region 3.11.2.5 Maisaram-Ibrahimpatnam Region

Hyderabad 3.U.2.1 West-South Hydcradad Urban Area 16 3.11.2.2 Hyderabad Municipal Corporation

Medak 3.11.2.1 Narayankhed-Andolc Plain 11 3.11.2.2 Zahirabad Plain 3.11.2.3 Sangareddi-Patanchcru-Hatnur ReSion 3.11.2.4 Med .k-Narsapur Forested k egion 3.11.,l.5 Ramayampct-Gajwel-Siddipet Plain

Nizamabad 3.11.2.1 Bheemgal Plain 18 3.11.2.2 Kamareddy-Domkonda Plain 3.11.2.3 Yellareddy Woodland 3.11.2.4 Madnur Plain 3.11.2.S Banswada-Bodhan Tract 3.11.2.6 . Nizamabad-Armur Plain 3.\1:Z.7 Godavari Basin Adilabad 3.11 .2.1 Adilabad·Pcnganga Rtgion .19 3.11.2.2 Satmala Hill Tract 3.11.2,3 Nirma) Hill Tract 3.11.2,4 Bhainsa·Nirmal Plateau 3.lI,2.S Dhanora-Rali Forested Region 3.11,2.6 Asifabad-Sirpur-Tandur Forested Region 3,11.2.9 Mandamari-YamanpaIli Region 3.11.2.a Godavari Basin

32 1 3

3.11.3 Krishna Piedmont Plain Nalgonda 3.11.3.1 Bhongir-Ramannapet P!ateaq 23 3.11.3.2 Devarakonda Plateau 3.t 1.3.3 Nalgonda-Miryalguda Plateau 3.11.3.4 Sucyapet-Huzurnagar Plateau

~.1I.3.S Krisbna·Dlndi FOIested TIaet

3.11.4 Rayalasecma Chittoor 3.11.4.1 Peddaeru·Bah da·Punchu Region 10 3. 1.4.2 Pa'akonda·Yclikonda Range 3.11.4.3 Sw.unamukhi.Kalangi Plain 3.11.4.4 Nagari·Nagalapuram Hills 3.11.4.5 Chittoor Upland

~.11.4.6 Ayirala-Puddur Forested Region (Mahendragiri Forested Reg:on) 3.11.4.7 Punghnur-Kuppam Upland

Cudda~ah 3.11.4.1 Penner k. iver Basin

11 3.11.4.2 Lankamala HiIls 3.11.4.3 SagiJeru River Yalley 3.11.4.4 Yellkonda R:wge 3.11.4.5 Cheyyeru Pulong-Patagunjana Plain 3.11.4.6 Palakonda Range 3.11.4.7 Papagnni.Mandavi.Bahuda Region

Anantapur 3.11.4.1 Lpper Vedavati Plain 12 3.11.4.2 Kalyand",rg Upland

3.11.4.3 Madakas'ra l pland 3.11.4.4 lA) Penner Kiver Upper Basin 3.11.4.4 (B) Penner River Upper Basin 3.11.4.5 Penner River Middle Basin 3.11.4.6 Anantapur-DharmavaIam Region 3.11.4.7 Penukonda.Kadiri FOIested uplllnd

Kurnool 3.11.4.1 Alur Plateau 13 3.11.4.2 Tungabhadrtl.-Hindci Plain 3.11.4.3 Adooi·Dhone Plateau 3.11.4.4 Enamala Hills 3.11.4.S Kurnool-Nandikotkur Plain 3.11.4.6 Nandyal-Banganapallc.AlIagadda Plain 3.11.4.7 Nallamala Hills

33 4.3 EASTERN COASTAL REGION

J .2 3

4.3.4 Southern Andhra Nellore 4.3.4.' Velikonda Range Coastal Plain 09 4.3.4.2 Udayagiri·Atmakur Region 4.3.4.3 Sangam·Kavali PlaiD 4.3.4." Kovur.AUuru Coaltal PlaiD ".3.4.5 I'ellore-Sullurpet Coastal PlaiD 4.3.4.6 Rapur.Podalakur Plain 4.3.4.7 Venkat.giri-Gudur Plain

Ptakasam 4.3.4.1 NaUamala Hills 08 4.3.4.2 GUDdlakamma Plain 4.3.4.3 Darsi.Addanki Plain ••3.4.4 Ongole-Chir.la Coastal Plain 4.3.4.5 Kandukur Plain 4.3.4.6 Podili·Kanigiri Plain 4.3.4.7 Velikonda Range

4.3.5 Krishna Delta Guntur 4.3.S.1 Macherla.Gurazala Region 07 4.3.5.2 Nallamala Hills

4.3.~.3 Bollapalle.Venltatayapalem Forested Region

4.3.5.4 Vinukonda.Rompicherla Plain 4.3.5.5 Sattenapalle Plain 4.3.5.6 Narasaraopet.Guntur.TenaIi Plain 4.3.5.7 Bapatla.Repalle Coastal Plain

KriJhna 4.~.S.t Jaggayyapet·Nandigama Plain 06 4.1.5.2 Konda palle.Jamalapur.Kottur Forested Upland 4.3.'.3 Tiruvur Plain 4.1.5.4 Nuzvid Region 4.3.5,5 Mylavaram.Vijayawada.GudivBda Plain 4.3.5.6 Kaikalur-Machilipatnam Coastal Plain 4,3.S.7 Krishna Delta

4.'.6 God .. vari Delta West Godavari 4.3 6.1 Papikonda Btlls (Eastern Ghat.) 05 4.3,6.2 Chintalapudi.Kannapuram Region 4.3.6.3 Eluru·Kovvur Plain 4.3.6 •• Godavari Delta

34 J

Ba,t Godavari 4.3.6,' Eastern Ohats 04 4,3,6,2 YeUavaram-Anllavclrlm Forested Upland 4.3.6.1 Rajabmundry·Pratbipadu Plain

4.3.~,4 Tuni-Kakinada Coastal Plain 403.6.5 Godavari Delta

4.S.7 Nortbern Andhra Srikakulam 4.3.7, t BarnakoDda-Kadaaandi Forested Region Coastal PlaiD 01 4.3,7.'2 Langulya. Vamsadbara Plain 4,~,i,3 Pathapatnam-Banapuram-Mandasa Forested Region ••3.7. , Sompeta-Ichcbapuram Coastal Plain 4.'.7.S Tekbli-Palaaa Coastal Plain 4.',7,6 Srikakulam Coastal Plain

Viziaoagarilm 4.3,7,1 Kurupam Forested Upland Cl 4,3,7,2 Suvarnamukhi-Vegavati Plain 4,3.7.3 Western Forested Tract 4,3,7,4 Cbeepurupallc-Oajapatbinagaram-Viyyampcta Relion 4.3,'7.' Vizianagaram-Bhogapuram Coastal Plain

Viabakbapatnam 4.3.7,1 Macbkund-Patal Riverine Tract 03 4,3.7 .2 Chintapallc-Pcddakota Forested Region •• 3,7.3 Narsapatnam-Chodavaram Plain 4.3.7.4 Yellamanchili- Nakkapalle Coastal Plafn 4.3,U Vishakbapatnam-Anakapalle Coaetal Plain

.5

CENSUS OF INOlA . MAP 2 80 82·

ANDHRA PRADESH

CENSUS CODE 02

REGIONAL DIVISIONS

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"

46 .0 .;0

('I ('0 ('0 00 00 0\ ...... on 00 ... 10 ... 00 10 0 0\ on 0 ...... 00 ... t"- ~ 10 0: ('0 ...... 0\ eo .... ('0 M 10 en 10 ...... , 10 M .... ('0 N 00 0\ .,., on 0\ \Q ... M ... M If'> ('I 0'1...... M ('I ... 0 0'1 \0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 .... 00 ... 0'1 10 ... 0 cci .... 0 00 ... 0\ vi 00 N r..: on .... ('I .... ('I ...... ,. .... "" M .... 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 .,., vi 0'1 0 N 00 ... 0 ('0 on oi t-: 0\ ('I M r..: 0 00 ID 0\ .,.,on .Q 00 ...... M ... .,., 0 ...... 10 00 .... 10 .... M ...... 00 .... ('I ..... 0 0\ ID 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 M 0 M ...... 00 0\ 00 ('0 <'! 0 00 ..; ..0 ~ ..; r..: r..: r-- 0 0'1 r..: r..: 10 ..; .,., 0 on .... 0'1 t- o .... eo .,., ('I ...... \Q ..,. 00 CI\ ID M ...... M ('I 00 M ('I .... 00 M ......

00 ..,. M 00 ('0 ('0 .,., ...... ,...... \Q M ..,. DO on 10 0\ ..,. .... 00 ...... ,......

.;d OJ "0 d d .!l~ I .- ~ 0 s:: ... ;;; ::;;d ~ .S "i)s 0.'- .9 I 1:3 d !f,g 8,c: ~ os L , ~ eost.l. I os ~ i~ -;0: Q <'<10 ;;; o~ ~s:: os e ~ ! 0:1 '" ~.cti ~ ,.\oj- ~ CI._ <'

41 N 00 &, V> r-- M 0.. \I) 0 ....., CI\ I- ..... 0 N .... on CI\ M M 00 CO -CO \I) 0 "".... I- ~ r-- I- .... I- M 00 N .... \I) N V> ...... M '"...... M M ""

M CI\ V> I- r-- \I) ...... M CI\ 0 .... 0 M 00 0\ \() I(") r-- ..... 1.0 0\ I(") 0 CI\ N 0 M .,.. '"00 00 CO M '" .... 0 ...... \0 0\ 0\ ...... t- V> r-- ..... \D r-- 0 V> CI\ M .... \0 M ..... (') In ..... - 00 ...0 M on 00 N ...... M ..... 00 r-- on CI\ 1.0 r-- \0 V) V> 00 N r-- ..,. CI\ on \() ..,. ... M N 00 ..... 00 -.on \() V> r-- - I:-- M 0 - 0\ -\0 V M V> ..... N l- V .,.. 0 ...... ,. .... \() r-- ..., M 00 r-- I:-- ..... '" .... 00 '" CI\ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 .... CI\ 0 " 0 N .,., ..... 00 00 ~ ~ ..,": 0 \0 -0 ..... 1.0 c:i t- rn r.: ..; 0 .... 00 on 0\ .,., N I:-- I:-- .,., 00 .... 00 0 C") 0\ 0\ 0\ \0 \0 V> 00 .... N M .... N N .... C'I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .,., 0 0 0 0 \Q ~ 0 0 0 00 ~.... M ~... ..; c:i N..,. or) or) N CI\ 00 .... C'I r:: t- O .,., N .... 00 .... 0 \0 ...... 0 0 .,., N 00 C") N N"" N ...... C") N ... V'l on V \0 '" ......

r- N \0 0\ r-- 00 V'l \0 0 .,., M CI\ CI\ ...... ,...... "

!... mo-

""

48 It:> ~ \C N ..... ' 0\ l"- 0\ 0\ .... 0 '

N ..... ' .... N I"- 0 l"- on <'l \t) r- ... 0'1 <"> \0 ....

' I"- <"> ..... 0 - ... N - \C I"- .....

0 0 0 0 0 0 \t) ~ \C en 0 ~ ": 00 oi .... r.: .... on on 0 ... \C ....

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 on 0 ' ..., \0 I"- 00 N N ..... M '

00 00 I.e;> on I(') 00 M 0'1 ..., l"- N 0 ...... I(') ..... on '" eof ...... N o ;;!; N 10 ...... '"00 00 o N 10

...... M \C) o ...... \0 - \C) ...... !"l o o o o o - M 00.., ...... o o t"- o OO 00 \0 M 00 00 !"l .....

o o o o o o o o o o N oci ~.... o 00 10 t"­ 00 Ii") o !"l OO "

M Ii")....

..... ~ M ~

J.~ ('I"') >0 GENERAL MAPS

MAP

Kilometres 100 100 200 ]00 400

2/

o F BENGAL

. headquartelS 0 f Chandigarh, The ecininistlatlve bare 81 Chandlgarh. Halyana and Pu nJa

G. D. & D. GOA, DAMAN & DIU P PONDICHERR Y

N c E A N

72- Ein ot C reenwich

53 CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 4

ao' 82 '4

ANDHRA PRADESH l ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS 1981

STATE BOUNDARY STATE CAPITAl DISTRICT OIST RICT HEAOQ\JAIHERS 0 TALUK TALUK o

A s J1 J1 6. 96 118 160

r I( IlOMETRES

A

IIi

BAY o F BEN GAL

\..

r A

" Eatfot Greenwich

54 ANDHRA PRADESH

Names of the taluks for the code numbers indicated in the map in each district :

Srlkakulam District Visbakhapatnam District

I. Chintapalle 1. Ichchapuram 2. Sompeta 2. Paderu 3. 3. Palasa Araku 4. 4. Patbapatnam Chadavaram 5. S. Tekkali Madugula 6. Kotabommali 6. Narasapatnam 7. Nafasannapet 7. Kotauratla 8. Srikakulum 8. NakkapaUe 9. Amadalavalasa 9. Yellamanchili 10. Hiramandalam 10. AnakapalIe 11. Palakonda 11. K. Kotapadu 12. Rajam U. Sabbavaram 13. Ponduru 13. Vishakbapatnam 14. Ranasthalam 14. Bheemunipatnam

Vlziaaagaram Distriet East Godavari District 1. Rampachodavaram I. Kurupam 2. Yellavaram 2. Parvathipuram 3. Prathipadu 3. Salur 4. Tuni 4. Bobbili 5. Pithapuram S. Badangi 6. Peddapuram 6. Cheepurupalle 7. Rangampeta 7. Gajapathinagaram 8. Korukonda 8. Nellimarla 9. Rajahmundry 9. Bhogapuram 10. Rayavaram 10. Vizianagaram 11. Kakinada 11. Srungavarapukota 12. Tallarevu 12. Viyyampeta 13. Ramachandrapuram 14. Alamur

S5 15. Kothapeta Guntur District 16. Mummidivaram 17. Amalapuram 1. Macherla 18. P. Gannavaram 2. Palnad 19. Razole 3. Piduguralla 4. Rajupalem West Godavari District 5. TalJuru 1. Polavaram 6. Tadikonda 2, Chintalapudi 7. Mangalagiri 3. Eluru 8. Eamani 4. Bhimadole 9. Tenali S. Tadepalligudcm 10. Amruthalur 6. Gopalapuram 11. Repalle 7. Kovvur 12. Pallapatla 8. Tanuku 13. Bapatla 9. Ganapavaram 14. Ponnur 10. Akivecdu 15. Prathipadu 11. Bheemavaram 16. Guntur 12. Penumantra 17. Sattenapalle 13. Poduru 18. Chilakaluripet 14. Narasapur 19. Narasaraopet 20. Ipur Krishna District 21. Vinukonda 1. Jaggayyapet 2. Nandigama Prakasam District 3. Kanchikacherla 4. Mylavaram 1. Yerragondapalem 2. Darsi 5. Tiruvur 3. Addanki 6. Vissannapet 7. Nuzvid 4. Santhamaguluru 5. Parchur 8. Gannavaram 6. Chirala 9. Vijayawada 7. Ongole 10. Vuyyuru 11. Gudivada 8. Maddipadu 9. Podili 12. Mandavalli 10. Tarlupadu 13. Kaikalur 14. Bantumilli 11. Markapur 15. Pamarru 12. Bestavarip~t!\ 16. Movva 13. Giddalur 17. Bandar 14. Pamur 18. Divi IS. Kanigiri

56 H;. KondapI' '~ 4. Sidhoui 17. Kandukur 5. Cuddapah 6. KamaJapuram Nellore District 7. Muddanur 1. Udayagiri 8. Pulivendla 2. Atmakur 9. Lakkireddipalle 3. Vinjamur 10. Rayachoti 4. Kavali 11. Rajampet 5. Butchireddipalem 12. Kodur 6. Kovue 7. Indukurpet Anantapuf District 8. Nel10re 1. Rayadurg 9. Podalakur 2. Kanekal 10. Rapur 3. Uravakonda 11. Venkatagiri 4. Gooty 12. Gudur 5. Tadpatri 6. Singanamala P. Vakadu 7. Anantapur 14. Naidupet 8. Kalyandurg 1 S. Sullurpet 9. Kambadur Cbittoor District 10. Chennekothapalle 1. ThambaUapalle 11. Dharmavaram 2. Madanapalle 12. Penukonda 3. Vayalpad \3. Madakasira 4. Chinagottigallu 14. Hindupur 5. Chandragiri IS. Nallamada 6. Srikalahasti 16. Kadiri 7. Thottambedu 17. Sri Satya Sai 8. Satyavedu KUrnool District 9. Puttur 10. Nagari 1. Adoni 11. Chittoor 2. Yemmiganur 12. Bangarupalcm 3. Kodumur 13. Punganur 4. Kurnool 14. Palmaner S. Nandikotkur 15. Kuppam 6. Atmakur 7. Nandyal Cuddapah District 8. Allagadda 1. Jammalamadugu 9. Koilkuntla 2. Proddatur 10. BanganapalJe 3. Badv~l 11. Dhone ". 12. Patti1conda 4. RamaYampet 13. Alur 5. DUbbak 6. Siddipet MabbobDagar District 7. Gajwel I. KodangaJ 8. Narsapur 2. Makthal 9. Sangareddy 3. Mahbubnagar 10. Sadasivpet 4. ladcberla 11. Zahirabad S. Shadnagar Nizamabad District 6. Kalvakurtbi J. Armur 7. Nagarkurnool 2. Bheemgal Wanapacthi •• 3. Nizamabad" ,. AtmaJrur 4. Bodhan 10. Oadwal S. Madnur 11. Alampur ,. Banswada ll. KoUapur 7. YeUareddy Achampet 13. 8. Kamareddy Ru.... eddl District ,. Domakonda

1. Medchal Adilabad District 2. MarpaUy 1. AdiJabad 3. Hayataaear 2. Utnur 4. IbrahiIDpat11am 3. Wankadi 5. Maheswatam 4. Asifabad t. RajendranaBar S. Sirpur 7. CheveUa 6. Cbinnur 3. Vicarabacf 7. Lakshettipet 9. Tandur 8. Kbanapur 10. Pargi 9. Boath n. Vallabhnagar 10. Nicmal 11. Mudhole H,cJerabacJ District

1. Golconda Karlmoagar District 2. Secundcrabad 1. Mabadc'Vpur 3. Musbirabad 2. Manthani 4. Cbarminar 3. Peddapalle Medak District. 4. Huzurabad 1. Narayankbed 5. BheemadevarapalJc 2. Andole 6. Sultanabad 3. MedaJc 1. Mallial

~I 8. jagdaJ 3. BhoorgatnpildU 9. Metpa11i 4. Mangoor 10. Vcmulawada 5. Sudimalla U. Gangadhar 6. Yellandu 12. Karimnagar 7. Kotbagudem 13. Husnabad 8. Aswaraopet 14. SirsilJa 9. Sathupa11i 10. Madhira W.rangal District 11. Khammam 1. Chitiyal 12. Thirumalayapalem 2. Parkal 3. MuluS Nalgonda District 4. Eturnagaram S. Gudur 1. Yadagidgutta G. Narasampet 2. Bhongir 7. Warangal (Urban) 3. Ramannapet I. Waranga! (Rural) 4. Mothkur 9. Ghanpur S. Thungathurthi 10. Cheriysl 6. Suryapet 11. langaon 7. Nakrekal 12. Kodakondla S. Chandur 13. Wardhannapet 9. Nalgonda 14. Maripeda 10. Nampalli 15. Mahbubabad 11. Devarakonda 12. Nidamanur Xhammam District 13. MiryaJguda 1. Nugur 14. Huzumagar 2. Bhadrachalam 15. Kodad

CENSUS OF INOlA NAP 5

60'

1- ANDHRA PRADESH RELIEF AND DRAINAGE

32 32 64 95 12B 160

KILOMETRES s

s A

16

,. 16

BAY OF BENOAL

GENERALISED RELIEF

1200 (m)

600 300

lS0

75 o 12

61 CVlSUS OF INOlA

--~ -,

ANDHRA PRADESH NORMAL MONTHLY AND ANNUAL RAINFALL

12 64 160 192 5 32 96 118 H KILOMETRES

S '?

,mm 300 1

c

... BAY OF BENGAL

NORMAL ANNUAL RAINFALL IN MILLIMETRES

1100

1000

900 BOO 700 600 TAMIL NADU

Isohyotol Valu., oro In Mililmetros

___L_ __ ~_._.~~_~_ .... __ L-.L ___.______L. ______;_ __ ---'

62 CENSUS Of' INDIA MAP 1

ANDHRA PRADESH

NORMAL MONTHLY AND ANNUAL

MINIMUM TEMPERATURE

A s 32 32 6' 96 128 160 192 H KllOME TFIES r

S A

BAY OF BENGAL

NORMAL ANNUAL MINIMUM TEMPERATURE IN DEGREE CENTIGRADE

24

23 ~.~~ROGYAV~A-. I. RAM i '. 'is-J_J,' 22 ",'.!;i: .""r <) \ _ ...... (1( ~ ,';'. 21 ...... ,.$ ... TAMIL NADU 20

63 CENSUS OF INDIA NAP 1W

-~~------,. 80' ., ----T " I I I ~NOHR~ PRADESH I I NORMAL MONTHLY AND ANNUAL 'I' I I MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE

32 0 32 64 96 118 160 191 A 1Q" ~S KILOMETRES 1 ("> H ,. "" S A ~ .., C; , ~

0 ,a- u'

BAY OF BENGAL

NO'iWI~\. ~NNU~\' "''''1.\t4tU!#, TEMPERATURE IN :ENTIGRADE

3[,

32 NADU )0

I -~o'-Ea-s-to-,-c-lr~-'-nw-,-ch---~-8Lo"~_------8~2;'~------~8~4----~ 64 CENSUS OF INDIA MAP • n'

ANDHRA PRADESH GEOLOGY

STATE/V.T BOUNDARY -' _.-

A S 12 12 64 .. .=-120 ~ ~ H KILOMETRES l' \>- S A ~ "V S

~ \

.~. ~: '\ . ... ~.

, i:3AY OF BENGAL 1~

GEOLOGY

RECENT AllUVIum o (I)

PLEISTOCENE lo.totrlt. B (21

J MI()...PLlOCENE (NEOGENE) RajmQntndr'1 sandstones ~ (1) IJpp.r Gondwonas wl~h marin. IncursIOns MIDDLE TRIASSIC­ l:hikiOi(l 1 ~ LOWER CRETACEOUS { Koto ! UPPER . «I Malul IGONDWlI,NAS UPPER CARBOHIFERWS­ IKam)h, 1 LOWER TRIASS(C l~:I~~~rQr lDWER J (51 14' • LOWER PALAEOZOIC­ UndQlr Sf tits. Parllom S,rlfS 11 KURNOOlS LPPC:R PRE-CAMBRIAN I1mmalarnad~u Striu .BaF'l9Or'lapcHi Series) & (61 ~Sulla'lOI S.ri.s. Shima Serifs 1 Equivalents • rKrlshn,a SerifS)' CUDO'APAHS LPPER PRE-CAMBRIAN S'rtts.NallamQI~1 & ~ (71 lch,yolr Serlts ,Pa~aQhnt Slrlts [Ptnganga Beds, Pokha[ Serifs } EqLIIYclont£ (Ohorwor (Mttavolcol'llcs,Mltas,dlmttlrsl LOWER PRE-CAMBRIAN ~KholldQhte5 ~ (91 [Chornockifls

ARCHAEAN gn'I'S ond D (" 1~~~:'~~de9~tl~~te lot".r unclassified Crystalline!> INTRUSIVES NON-DATED Granites \ (101 rCIoSfpet Granites • PRE-CAMBRIAN )Alkaline Rocks T A rn (III l~~~_b~~CrSthOSjle IGobbro, Bcsic Intruslv6(Dolfritts t N B- NUMBERS GIVEN IN THE PARENTHESIS IN THE LEGEND MESOZOIC - EFFUSIVES OF THIS MAP MAY 8E PEFERRED TO IN THE SAME m LOWER TERTIARY DfCCatl Trap (12) ORDER IN ALL THE INSET MAPS OF GEOLOGY OF THE PRE-C~M8R\AH \CUOOAPAH TRAP} Cuddopon Trap DISTRICTS SHOWING REGIONAL DIVISIONS rn 113)

eased upon the map of c;.ologlcai SurvlV of India

11 East at Gorttnwlcn at

65 MAP , ,£I'$JS OF INDIA -_.__ .--"- U· 84' 78 80' rr- -~~------I ANDHRA PRADESH

I SOILS .\

BOUNDARY, STATE _._ BOUNDARY, SOILS

96 128 160 3bLJLJt I =1 ==:J KILOMETRES S A J.( ~ r I? ~ ~ A ~ ? c:, '< ,

~

Is" 18' ~

OF BEN GAL

NO. SUB - ORDER ASSOCIATIONS

3 §:9 AQUALFS - USTAI.FS 7 USTALFS 8 USTALFS - ORTHENTS 9 USTALFS - OCHREPTS :i ~ ~~;r!t~~: ~~~gms !15 USTALFS - ROCK OUTCROPS ~g ~ ~~~::rJENTS { 36 m PSAMMENTS - FLUVENTS ~ f.2l ~~~~~~~~:~~g~m~-ROCK OUTCROPS 59 ~ ORTHE NTS - OCHRE PTS - USTAI.FS { 61 ORTHENTS - TROPEPTS 66 ~ TROPEPTS { 58 l=J TROPEPTS-PSAMMENTS-FLUVENTS 92 USTERTS 95 USTERTS - TROPEPTS 961lill USTERTS-FLUVENTS { ~7 U5TERTS-ORTHENTS 99 USTERTS-USTALFS-TROPEPTS 1020 ROCK DUTCROPS-UDAlFS-USTAl1"S

APPRQX\lv\A1E TRADITiONAL NOMENCLAIURE AQUALFS -High base s1atus soils (Hydromorphic) USTAlFS -High base stotus-reod loamy,red sandy and alluvial soils ORTHENTS -Rocenlly formed soHs OCHREPTS -Shallow black, brown and alluvial soils of norlhern-regions lROPEPTS -Shallow black,orown and alluvjal soils ot soulhem.reogions USTOLLS -Grassland 50ils- of suo-tropical regions UDALFS -High base statu!; sOils of humid regions u· PSAMMEN1S - Sandy soil. (Recent) rLUYENTS -Alluvial soils (Recent allUVium) SOUrCf! '_ f SOils of Indio' Published by Notional Bureau of USTER1S -Deep black soils Survey and lOr'ld USII Planning (I.C.A.R), N09pLIt'

66 CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 10

78' 80'

ANDHRA PRADESH

DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION 1981

BOUNDARY, STATE-· -BOUN DA RY , DISTRICT-·_ 5 32 6' 96 128 160 322 ~_~=:;-_ r t:::: KILOMETRES

\

8 A Y o F B E N G A L

14'

SIZE OF URBAN POPULATION

1000,000

a '".,,",50,000 1 0,000

\.

\ • Each dot represents 10 1 000 Rural populaiion T A ~

7. tcst of Greenwich 82' at

67 CENSUS 01' INOlA ...... 11

so'

ANDHRA PRADESH

DENSITY OF POPULATION 1981 ,\ (BY TALUKS)

SlATE BOUNDARY _,_, _ DISTA(J' BOUNDA~Y

T.a.LUK

32 32 54 95 12S 160 10' s J<.ILOMtrRES I

IIi

A

yo' te'

BAY OF BENGAL

DENSITY OF POPULAllON PER Km2

14' 501 AND ABOV E

401 500

301 400

201 300

101 200 State Average 195

100 AND BELOW 11'

84

68 CENSUS OF INDIA

80· 82°

ANDHRA PRADESH

DENSITY OF POPULATION 1981 ( By Sub- m'lcro Regions) Boundary ,State ._._ 80undary ,Oistrict.-.- Boundary, Regional Division ...... A 5 /of II 0 128 100 r J2 64 "' KllOlo4tTRES

! '

jl BAY OF BeNGAL

2 DENSITY OF POPULATION PER km

500 AND ABOVE

400 - 499

300 - 399

200 - 299 T A ~ 100 - 199

o 12 99 ANO BELOW

69 CENSUS OF INDIA

80°

ANDHRA PRADESH RURAL DENSITY OF POPULATION 1981 (BY lALUKS)

STATE BOUNDARY _. - DISTRICT BOUNDARY

TALUK BOUND ARY

32 32 64 96 128 160 20 A 5 KILOMETRES

o 18

. 1&

BAY OF BENCAL.

DENSitY OF POPULA 1ION PER Km2

501 ANO ABOVE. 1.° •~ 401 - 500 ~ 301 - 400 ITIIIJ 201 -300 ~ 101 -200 ~ Stote Average 152 r P7l 100 AND BELOW ~ .1 o 121 D NO RURAL POPULATION 12 L_. __ ~ ______~~ ______~ ______~ __ ~ 0 78 East of Greenwich. 82Q 8,0

70 CENSUS Of INDIA I

AND HRA PRADESH RURAL DENS lTV OF POPULATION 1981 {By Sub-micro R . Boundary, State • eg Ions} B _.- Bound oundary, Rogion I D' . . ary, DlStrlct._ a lVISlon •. 20' s 31 0 Jl GJ. 128 160

KllOM£l~£S A

18'

A

.J -\ l"· ....;il I '. U I._ ,I .-v' [ E.U E.U ? , C·J \. I 16 '_,'..~ .. J? ~ .. r·"J k~',J a kms

BAY OF BENGAL

DENSITY OF POPULATION PER krr{

JOO AND ABOVE

200 - 299

100 - 199

99 AND BELOW E.U ENTIRELY URBAN

71 MAP IS CENSUS OF' INDIA

ANDHRA PRADESH

URBAN DENSITY OF POPULATION 1961 (9Y TALUKS)

STATE BOUNDARY _._._ DISTRICT BOUNOARY _._._.-

TAlUK

32 32 6~ 96 '26 160 A s /;

\

II

.I ~.~_..F§... <' "':' ~" ... ..:.:;:;;t j#N'A.r"~ t:::~ " .•~ . '" ',- 16 BAY OF BENGAL S • 0 S

~m.

,.I DENSITY OF POPULATION PER Kml

4501 end above - 4001 - "500 - 3501 - 4GnO -~ 3001 --- 3500 ,)TATE AVERAGE 3087 OJ]] 2501 ~~JO till- 2001 2500

2000 ~nd b.low A 0 . 0 Entirely Rural N.A. Data Not Ava,lable

82' a. East of Grunwlch

72 CENSUS OF INDIA

84

AND HR A PRADESH

lTV OF POPULATION 1981 URBAN DENS . Reg'Ions) c:.ub-mlcr ° (By oJ District ,_. oundary, 5t., •• _. ~-, Boundary, B ',onal D,v-.;,on, .. . A s Boundary, R.g 64 96 20 H 12 0 J2 128 '60

K Il.OMETRE.C: A

. II

. . 11 16

BAY OF B~NGAL

2 DENSI,- Y OF POPULATIO N PER km

5000 AND ABOVE

l.OOU - 1.999

3000 - 3999

2000 - 2999

1000 - 1999 7 A 999 AND BELOW

NO URSA N POPULAllON

East of Grll.nwich

73

PART III REGIONAL DIVISIONS OF DISTRICTS

KARIMNAGAR DISTRICT

REGIONAL DIVISIONS

Karimnagar district is a part of the Godavari De­ part. and Lower Palaeozoic-Upper Pre-Cambrian and pression (3.11 l). It is located a pproximately between Archaean rocks in western part are also noticed. The the latitudes 18°0' and 19°0'N and longitudes 78°30' soil sub-order association found in the region is and 80°31 E. The district extends over an area of 11 823 Ustalfs Ustolls. These are high base status soils or km2 ano has a population of 2 436 323 persons accor­ sub tropical origin. Cultivated land with even surface to ding the 1981 census. It consists of 14 taluks. is limited. Settlements are sparsely distributed. The rellion is entirely rural and has 100 villages identified 2 Physiographica\ly, the district is comprised Of in this region. Its total area is 1 349.00 km which is plateaus with an absolute height of below 690 metres inhabited by 82005 rural population as per 1981 River Godavari and Manner and their tributaries have Census. The region is least populated with the lowest 2 created substantial plain characteristics. River Goda­ density of 61 persons per km • vari forms the northern boundary of the district while river Manner drains the southern parts of the district. 3.11.1.2 Dharmapur-BagdapaUi-Manthani Plain The general slope tends towards east. The district is mainly composed of Archaean gneisses. Rocks of The region extends over the parts of Ma1lial. Su1- Upper Carbontferous - Lower Triassic and Middle tanabad, Peddapalle, Manthani and Jagtial taluks. Triassic- Lower Cretaceous occur in the eastern areas The region lies in the interfluve of river Godavari and of the district. The impact of geological structure on Manner and is a plain wIth occurrence of hillocks, soil distribution can be viewed as soils of Ustalfs. sub­ rocky surfaceds and dry ponds. Some areas of reserved order association characterises the western half and forests are also located in the eastern most part of Ustalfs-· Ustolls and Usterts the eastern sections of the the region. It is mainly composed of Archaean rocks district. The climate is dry with hot summer. Average with a few occurrence of Lower Palaeozoic - Upper annual rainfall received is 975 mm. The plateau areas Pre- Cambrian formations. The soil distribution in the of the district have significant Isolated forest cover region marks the association of parent rocks and soils. mainly of dry Teak. The associated sub-orders are Ustalfs, Ustalfs - UstoJls and Usterts. The region is mainly agricultural and Keeping all these factors in view the district has relatively developed as compared to the former region. been divided into following eight sub-micro regions. Settlements are even:y distributed throughout the region. This region is characteristically rural and 3.11.1.1 Tadcberla- Singaram Forested Region contains 125 villages with an area of 1 425 00 kms which is inhabited by 202 580 rural population and The region covers the parts of Mahadevpur. Man­ accordlDgly has a density of 142 persons per km2• thani and Peddapalle taluks. The region is rocky with steep slopes covered with reserved forests of teak. 3.11.1.3 Metpalli - Ja&tial Plain The general slope is towards the north. Geologically, the region consists of rocks of Gondwana series The region iDclude~ the parts of Metpalli, Jagtial mainly belonging to Upper Carboniferous -Lower and Mallia) taluks. Lying beside the river Godlwari Triassic period. A few patches of Middle Triassic­ the central part of the regIon is a plain while the Lower Cretaceous rocks in the central and eastern upper and lower parts are rough and hilly. mainly 77 covered with reserved forests of dry Teak. Pedda and 3 towns. The total area of the region is Vagu is the main river flowing from south to north. 1 525.00 km2 which is inhabited by 474 777 persons The region is composed of Archaean rocks. The soils out of v.-hich 355 929 persons reside in rura] and are red loamy belonging to Ustalfs sub·order assccia­ 118 8 '8 persons in urban areas. The region is thickly tion. Settlements are mamly concentrated in the central populated and has the highest density of popUlation part of the region. It contains 182 villages and 3 towns. (311 persons per km2) among the regions of district. With an area of 2 025.00 km2 the region is inhabited 3.11.1.6 Husnabad Upland by 465 670 persons of which 36'3 944 persons reside in rural and 101 726 persons in urban areas. The density of population as calculated measures 230 Th~ region corresponds to the whole of Husnabad persons per km2 which is relatively higher in the taluk and parts of Karimnagar and Bheemadevarapalle region. taluks. This is an upland with an altitude ranging between 380 and 544 metres above the mean sea level. 3.11.1.4 Sirsilla Upland There are some scattered hillocks covered with open forests. It slopes towards the north. River Manner The region consists of Sirsilla and Vemulawada flows along the northern border of the region which is taluks. It is an upland with a few hillocks. Dry joined by Mohedamada river flowing in the region in ponds and stony waste markedly characterise the south-north direction. The entire upland is composed region. The north-western part of the region has of Archaean gneisses. Soil sub-order Ustalfs occurs in dense mixed jungles. This upland is criss-crossed the west of river Mohedamada while Usterts occurs in . by river Manner and its tributaries mainly Mula vagu, the east. Most of the area is under cultivation and Nekka vagu and Bikka vagu. The western part is the settlements are evenly distributed. It is entirely relatively higher. The altitude decreases towards the rural having 1 14 villages. Its total area is 1 375.00 east. The region is made up of Archaean rocks and km2 which is inhabited by 283 222 rural population. the soil sub·order found is Ustalfs. The central and The region has a moderate density of popUlation (206 2 eastern part of the region is mainly inhabited. It persons per km ) in the district. " comprises 173 villages and 2 towns. The total area of the region is 1 850.00 km2 which is inhabited by 311.1.7 Huzurabad Plain 362323 persons according to 1981 Census. Out of The region covers the entire Huzurabad taluk and these 314 978 persons reside in rural and 47 345 parts of Karimnagar and BheemadevarapaIJe taluks. persons in urban areas· It has a moderate density of 2 The region is almost plain with a few scattered hillocks. 196 persons per km • The towns and larger settlements are mainly concentrated along river Manner and its Tributaries of Manner river which form the northern boundary of the region flow in west-east direction in tributary Mula vagu. the region. It has Archaean geology and the soils belong to Usterts sub-order association. In addition, 3.111.5 Karimnagar-PedPapalle Plain settlements are evenly distributed. MMe particularly, the size of settlements in the eastern section of tbe The region covers the parts of Karimnagar. Ganga­ region is larger. It has 114 villages and I town. The dhara. SuItanabad and PeddapaUe taluks. It is total area of the rellion is 1 175.00 km2 which Is "almost plain with numerous perennial and seasonal inhabited by 320 571 persons as per 1981 Census. channels. The main river is Manner which flows along Out of these 299 429 rersonsreside in rural and 21 142- "the southern border of the region. Among the in urban areas. It is one of densely populated regions tributaries of Manner draining the region Husain of the district and ranks second in terms of density Miyan vagu flowing in west-east direction is impor­ 2 (273 persons per km ). tant. The general slope of the region is towards south­ east. The region is made up of Archaean rocks; 3. n.l.s Godavari Basin erosional surfaces have caused isolated hillocks of various heights. The main soil sub-order association The region covers the parts of Sultanabad, found in the region is Ustalfs. In the eastern most Peddapalle, Mantbani, Mahadevpur. Jagtial, Mallia! part Usterts occurs in some areas. Settlements are and MetpaUi taluks. The region runs along tb'e compact and evenly distributed. It has 169 villages southern bank of river Godavari. !fhe eas"tern and 78 western parts of the r~gion are covered under dense with Ustalfs in tbe eastern part of tbe region. The reserved forests of Teak while the central part is central part of region is suitable for cultivation and is inhabited where towns and large settlements are relatively developed one. Impact of physiographical located. Geologically. the western area of the region factors is clearly seen in settlement distribution which is composed of Archaean gneisses. The eastern part are concentrated in the central part. It contains 120 of the region is relatively complex having rocks of villages and 3 towns. With an area of 1 099.UO km2 Upper Carbonjferous-Lower Triassic period Rocks of the region is inhabited by 245 175 persons of which Lower Palaeozoic- Upper Pre-Cambrian and Middle 149 506 persons reside in rural and 9S 669 persons in Triassic-Lower Cretaceous period occur in patches. urban areas. The density of population is higher (223 2 Soils of the western part of region belong to USlaifs persons per km ) mainly because of location of 3 sub-order association while Ustoll8 are associated towns in the region. CENSUS OF INDIA MAP

ANDHRA PRADESH KARIMNAGAR DISTRI CT CENSUS CODE 20 REGIONAL DIVISIONS 8 A \.. o 10 IS 20 25

KILOMETRES I) o

Vl

q

o

'\ 5 c

z ,l Ii: 0 A K

A R

SOilS ,GEOLOGY 1001020 ~ I ~ a 1020 Boundary,Stiite ~ "'" ,~ Boundary, Distriel ." · 11 · \ . I TAOCHERi..A-SINGARAM FORESTED REGION

Bounduy. Taluk 1'\1'\ '2 DHARIo4APUR-B,AGOAPAlll ... MAtHHANI PLAIN Villag. Having 5 000 And AbovI Population . ~.lI'l.J Iro4ETPAlLI -JAGTIAL PLAIN Urbln Area .. ~ l · II . ' ·4 SIRSILlA UPLAND RS Railway Line with station, Brood Gauge ... 1. ,,·1.1 KARINNAGAR-PEDOAPALlE PLAIN Stolte Highway ., ----1tL J. lI.1.6 HUSNABAO lA.AtIl LII ' ·7 HUZURABAD PLAIN I River '. -----"- )·\1.\·8 GODAVARI BASIN

7 USTALFS :::~:':'~'~'.~,"~ _ - ~ __o ___ · _ · ~ tl I EJ { 14 USTALFS.USTOllS a ARCHAEAN If' mIlS 92 USIERlS ~ LDMR PALAEOlOIC - UPPER PRE- CAMBRIAN· I'''''' ::::o~ ~~ ======~= == == ~_ ~J._ [ rum UPPER CARBONIFEROUS-LOWER TRIASSIC IS) :~:~~OF:~:~_B~U:_d~~~ -_- _-~ _-~ -= ~ ~ ~ -- ! MIDDLE TRIASSIC-LOWER CRETACEOUS (41 mm [Rnd th. seqUlnu of rlgio",1 divi.ion, WIth nitren,. to Ih ! '" India map (odls upto] li.r)

81

DATA ON REGIONAL DIVisl0NS

District : Karimnagar Census Location Code No. 20 State : Andhra Pradesb

District Region No. of villages No. of towns Area in km2 in region Population in region No. & in each region in region/ --_._- (19H) Name as evolved name T R U -_ T R U

2 3 4 6 7 8 g 10

Karimnagar 3.11.1.1 100 villages No town 1 349.00 I 349.00 820J5 82005 Tadcherla- (60 in MJ.hadevpur, Singaram 35 in Manthani and Forested 5 in Peddapalle Region taIuks)

3.11.1.'2 125 villages No town 1 425.00 1 425.00 202 580 202 sao Dharma pur- (36 in Mallial, 22 Bagdapalli- in Sultanabad. 46 Manthanl in Peddapalli. 9 in Plain Iagtial and 12 in Manthani taluks)

3.11.1.3 112 villages 3 town. 2 02S.00 1 95'.23 VO.77 465 670 363 944 101729 Metpalli- (91 in Metpalli, 62 J. Metpalli Jagtial in Jagtial and 29 in 2. Koratla Plain MalliaJ taluks) 3, lagcial

3.11.1.4 1'3 villages 2 town. I 850.00 1lOUO 41.10 3f2 323 314 978 .,345 Sirsilla ("17 in Sirsilla and 96 in 1. Sirailla Upland Vcmulawada talulca) 2. Vomulawada

3.11.1.5 169 villages 3 towns 1525,00 1 487.94 31.06 474 777 315 929 US_ Katimnagar- (23 in Karimnagar. I. Kothapalli Peddapalle 60 in Gltngadhara. (Havcli) Plain 47 in Sultanabad and 2. Karimnlgar 39 in Peddapalle taluks) 3. Paddapalle

3.11.1.6 114 villages No town 1 375.00 I 3".00 283 222 283 211 Husnabad (59 in Husnabad, - Upland 33 in Karimnagar and IU in Bhcemadovarapalle taluks)

83 2 3 , 1 4 6 7 • 9 10

3.11.1.'7 114 viii ages 1 tow~ I 1".00 1 142.70 32.30 320 571 299 429 21 142 Huzurabad l57 in Huzurabad, Huzurabad Plclin 4 in Karimnagar and ,3 in Bheemade. varapalle taluks)

3.11.1.8 120 villages 3 towns 1 099.00 1 04'.43 53." 245175 149506 956'9 Godavari (7 in SUltanabad, I. Ramagundam Basin 22 in Peddapalle, 2. Jangaon J 6 in Manthani, (Godavari "" in Mahadevpur, Khani) 16 in Jagttal, 3 in 3. Manman.i Mallial and 9 in MetpaUi talukl)

84 REGlON-WISE VILLAGE CODES, 1981

. District : Karimnagar Census Location Code NC). 20 State: Andhra Pradesh

SI. Division Taluk Location Code Total No. of Area of Remarks NO. Number &; No. of CensUI villages in Regional Name Villages 1981 Taluk Divi. Division sion in Kmz -_ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 a

I. 3.11.1.1 Mabadevpur 7. 8, 10, IS, 17, 60 Code No.9, 11, to 14, 16, 18, 19, Tadcberla- taluk 20. 23,24, 25, 53 21, 22, 26 to 52, 77 to 80 Singaram to 76. 81 to 107 are in region 1.lt.I.8 Forested Region

Manlbani taluk 20 to 24, 32 to 38 35 Coce No. 25 to 31, 39, 40 are in 41 to 61 region 3.11.1.2

Peddapallc 61,61,92 to 94 5 00 1 349.00 Code No. 63 to 11,84, 81i are in taiuk region 3.11.1.2 and Code No. 72 to 8 i, 8', 87 to 91 are in region 3.11.1.5

2. 3.11.1.2 Mallial taluk 3 to 9, 11 to 38, 36 Code No. 10, is in region 3.11.1.8 Dharmapur- S2 and code No. 39 to 51 are Baadapaili- in region 3.11.1.3 Mantbani Plain

Suitacabad 4 to 13,18 to 29 22 Code No. 14 to 17 are in reaion taluk 3,U,1.8

Peddapalle 23 to 42, 46 to 46 Code No. 43 to 4', 72 to 83, 85 are tal uk 60, 63 10 71, 84. in region 3.11.1.5 and 86 Code No. 6J, 62 are in region 3.U.I.l

Jaatial 51, 53, ", 56, 9 Code No. 52, 54 are in region taluk 68 10 70, 85, 86, l.Il.I.S and Code No. 57 to 67, 71 to 84 ale in regIon 3.11.1.3

Manthani 7,8, 10, 25 to 31, 12 12S I 425,00 Code No.9, 11 to 19 arc in region taluk 39,40 3.U.1.8. and Code -No. 20 to 24, 32 to J8 are in rOBion 3.II.t.1

8S 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 8

Code No. ]4, IS to 2] are in region 3, 3.11.1.3 Mctpalli taluk 5 to 13, 1~, ]6, t7, 91 Metpalli- 22 to 100 3.11.1.11 Code No. 10,45 partly Jagtial are fully and 46 Metapalli Plain included in town and 51 is merled wilh Koratla town. Jagtial 6, 12 to 20, 23 to 62 Code No.7 to 11, 21, 22, 33, 34, taluk 32, 35 to 50. 57 57, '4 are ia region to 67, 71 to 84, 3.11.1.8 and Code No. ", 87 '3, ~5, 56, 68 to 7D,liS 16 are in region 3.11.1.2 Code No. 80,81 arc partlY included in Jagtial tewn.

Mallial taluk 39 to 51,53 to 29 182 2025.00 Code No. 52 is in region 3.11.1.2 68 47 Sirsilla (Urban) Is 4. 3.11,1.4 Sirsilla 1 to 78 77 Code No. SirsHla taluk deleted and 48 is parly Upland included in SirsilJa town,

Vemulawada 1 to 96 96 17l I 8S0.1)0 Code No. 36 is partly included in tal uk Vemulawada town. Code No. 23, 24, 29 to 31 S. 3.tI.l.5 Karimnagar 1 to 22, 32 23 are in Krimnagar- taluk region 3.11.1.6 Code No, Peddapalle Plain 1 is merged ia Kothapalle (Haveli) town and 19 is partly included in Karim· nagar town.

Gangadhara 1 to tiO 6()

t~luk Suhanabad 30 to 76 47 taluk Peddapalle 43 to 45, i2 to 39 169 1 525.00 Code No. 46 to 60, 68 to 71. 84 to 86 taluk 13,8\ 87 to 91, are 10 region 3.11 I 2 aDd 95 to 112 Code No. 61, 62. 92 to 94. are in re!!ion 3.11.1 1 Code No. 73 is Inculded in Peddapalle town

6. 3.11.1.6 Husnab ad 1 to 59 '9 Husnabad Upland .aluk Karimnagar 23, 24, 29 to 31, 33 Code No. 25 to 28 are in region taluk 33 to 60 3.11.1.' and Code No. 32 is in region 3.11.1.5 Bheemade- 40, 43, 44, 54 to 22 114 1 375.CO Code No. 41, 42, 45 to 53, S7 to " vardpalle tal uk 56,60 to 75 are in region 3.11.1.7

1. 3.11.1.7 Huzurabad J to 57 57 Code No. 29 is merged with Huzu. HUll,lfabad PI,in taluk rabad tOwn. Karimnagat 2S to 28 4 taluk

. " 86 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 I

Bheemade- 1 to 3', 41, 42, $3 114- 1 PS.OO Code No. 40, 43, 44, 54 to 56 arc varapalle tslut 4S to 53, 57 to 59 in regioD 3.11.1.6

I. 3.' 1.1.8 Sultanabad J to 3, 14 to 17 7 Code No.4 to 13 are In region Godavari Basin talut 3.11.1.2

PeddapaUe 1 to 22 2J Code No, 14 and 18 are included in taluk Ramagudam and Jangaon towns respectively.

Manthanl 1 to 6, 9. U to 19 16 Code No.7, 8, 10 arc in regioD taluk :Ul.l.2 and Codo No, 11. 12 are marged with Manth ani town.

Mahadevpur 1 to 6, 9, II to 14, 47 Code No.7, 8, 10, U,17, 20,23 to taluk 16, 18, 19, 21,22, 25, '3 to 76 are in 26 to '2, 77 to 80 region 3.U. 1.1

Jagtial taluk 1 to 5, 7 to 11, 2f, 16 Code No.6, 12 to 20,23 to 32, 3' to 22,33, 34, 52, '4 SO are in region 3.11.1.3 and Code No. 51, 53 are in region 3.\1.1.1

MalJial 1.2.10 3 Code No. 3 to 9 are ia rcaion taluk 3.11.1.'2

Metpalli 1 to ., 14, 18 to 21 9 120 1 ~99.00 Code No.' to 13 IS to 17 are in region 3.11.1.3

87 STATEMENT ON REGION· WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS

District; Karimnagar Census Location Code No. 20 State : Andhra Pradesh

Stafe District Division Namo; of Geology Soils Physio.cultural Characterilti!;s Number & Administrative Name Divisions

2 3 4 S 6 7

Andhra Karimnagar 3.11.1.1 Mahadevpur. Upper Ustal!s­ This region is rocky with steep slopes covered Pradesh Tadcberla-­ Manthani and Carboni· Ustolls with reserved forests. The SiDgaram and pamur Singaram Pcddapalle fero~s­ reserved forests are notable The average height Forested taluks Lower of this region ra ges between ~oo and 6uO mtrs. Rellion Triassic The direction of the slope is from south to north' and Middle Gunda-manakin vagu, Pedda vagu and Inmala Triasaic­ vagu are the ma'n rivers flowing in this region. Lower Tanks. canals and streams are the main sources Cretacious of irrigation. Transport and communications are poor. Settlements are spsnely distributed. Big settlements are Tadcheria. Yatanaram, Madaram, Nandigaon and Gollagudem.

3.11.1. '2 Mallial, Archaean Usfa!fs- This region is almC1st plain with occu· Dharmapur- Sultanabad, and Lower Ustolls rrence of a few hillocks. forest patches, dry Bagdapalli - Peddapalle, Palaeoz.:lic- and Usta/fs - ponds, steep rocky slopes etc. The reserved Manthanl Jagtial and Upper Pre. Usterts foresta are Manthani and KhammampaIli. Plain Manthani Cambrian Tanks. streams canals and wells are the' main Taluks sources of irrigation. Roads and railways are available. In tbis regi"n almost even distri­ bution of settlemenh is ~een with a few big settlements such as Manthani, Kamanpuram. Upatla etc.

3.11.1.3 Metpalli. Archaean Usta/fs This region is mostly plain with hillocks MetpaUi­ ]agtial and patches of reserved fore~ts. Maximum Jagtial and Mallial height of the region is 375 mtrs, Reserved forests Plain taluks are Arisikota. Ko,hapulam-Kadmail, Vemul. kuthi-Koblapuram and Raitapuram. Tribula. ri~ of tbe GOdavari flow in this region where Pedda vagu is the main one. The sources of irrigation are tanks, canals, wens and streams. Tbere is no railway lme in this region. Only roa 5 are available for transportation. Maio settlements ale Metpalle, Jagtial. Koratla. Mallia!. Raikal, Atmakur. Kodimya\a and Chittopuram.

3.11.1.4 Sirsilla and Archaeall Usta/fs The region is an upland with occur­ Sirsilla Vemula\lada rence of hillocks. dry ponds. sand hllls, tJpland taluk!; dunes, rocky slopes. cliffs, stony waste and dense mixed jungle. Some pa!ches of reserved fore&ts on western side of this region are leen. Main reserved forests are Sirsilla, Bigonal Lingava, Kodamal and Alpaspur. The average _height is betwe~_n 350 an!,! 450 mtrs. The slope

88 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

. direction is from west to east. River Manner is the main river which flows through this region with its tributaries, namely, Nekka vagu, Mula vagu and Bikka vallU. Irrigation is carried out mostly under the Manner and Gorantial pro­ jects. Tanks. kuntas and wells are also useful minor irrigation sources. This region is not connected by railways and as such it has to depeml on road transport only. Almost even distribution of settlements is there, the impor­ tant settlements are Sirsilla, Mattarabad, Charlakonaha. Vettemla, Wediaram, Markak, Nizamabad, Yellareddi, Ghambiraopet and Anantaram.

3,11.1,5 Karimnagar, Archaean USlalfs and This region is having plain area. River Man­ Karimnagar- Gangadhara, Uslerr .. Def is the main river which flows on the southern PeddapaUe Sultanallad border of this region, Husain Miyan vagu also Plain and !lows through this region. This region is baving Peddapalle random hillocks, Itee:' rocky slopes, numerous taluks seasonal channels and Significant ponds. Wells, kuntas, streams and tanks are main sources of irrigation. Roads and railways are available. Transport and communicatioDS! are 800d. Settlements are dense. Big settlements are Karimnagar, Osmanagaram, Srirampuram, Peddapalle, Elgandal and G hattubudkur •

3.11.1.6 Husnabad, Archaean Ustal/s and With an average height between 380 and 54' Husnabad Kairmnagar Ualerla mtrs tbe region slopes from south to north. Upland and Bheema­ This region is an upland having steep rocky devarapalle slopes and hillocks. Some patches of forests aro taluks also seen. The Manner, one of the main tribut­ aries of the Godavari, flows in this region along the nothern torder. There arc many tanks, the important one among these is the Ankireddipalle tank on the border of the Kar1mnagar tal uk. Irrigation is also done with minor irriaation sources such as tanks. kuntas, wells and canals. This region does not have railway facility and entirely depends upon road transport. Major district roads pass through this region. Shamgaram Irrigation Project located in this resion is an important feature. The main settlements are Gannaram, Sundargiri, Thigalapalli, Suni­ gram and Kondapur.

~,1J,J.7 Hzuarurabad, Archaean UsttrlS This region is dry plain with occurrence of Huzurabad Kimnagar hillocks. River Manner flows along the north­ Plain and Bheema­ ern border of this relli..n. Cbinna vagu and devarapalle Kesapatnam vagu also flow through this region. taluks Tanks, streams, canals, wells and kuntas are the sources of irrigation. Roads and railways are available; transport and communications are good with even distribution of settle­ ments. The big settlemenlS are Kamalapur, Jamnikunta. Huzurabad, Yelkuturti and Dudanpalle.

89 1 2 3 4 6 7 8

3.11.1.8 Sultana bad, Arcbaean, Usta/ls and With a maximum beight Ilpto 500 mtrs tbis Godavari Peddapdle. Middle Ustalls­ region has a slope from soulh to north. BasIn MaDtbani, Triassic­ Ustolls Tbis regioD is almost plain. It i. located Mabadevpur, Lower alona the river Godavari which makes Its Jagtial, Cretaceous, northern boundary. Manthani is an impor­ Mallia! and Upper Car­ tant re~erved forest in this region. Gudla­ Me palle boniferous­ manaka vagu and Pedda "agu also flow taluks lower lriassic in this region Minor irrigation is available and Lower by tanks and kUnll's. The region is not con. Palaeozoic - nected by railways but a district road wbich Upper pre­ pa~ses adjacent to it provides tran~port and Cambrian communIcations fllcllities. Sparse settlelLents are f"und and tbe big ontS are Manthani, Yelta Chanavaram. Mutyala, Cbasaon, Dh.rmapui. and Mutnur.

90 WARANGAL DISTRICT

REGIONAL DIVISIONS

Warangal district is a part of Godavari Depression The soils in general are red loamy and the sub·order as­ C3.11.1) The district lies approximately between 17° 19' sociation is related to Ustalfs-Tropepts Along the nor­ and 18° 13' north latitudes and 78°49' and 800 43' thern border extension of Usterts are observed. It is east longitudes. It has an area of 12 846 km2 and a mainly an agricultural area with almost even distribution population of 2300295 persons (1981 Census). of settlements. It contains 593 villages and 4 towns. Its PhysiographicaJly, the northern part of the district is total area is 6 354.00 km 2 which is inhabited by lower (below 300 metres) than the southern major part I 668 093 persons out of which 1 271 619 persons (300-600 metres). A few areas showing even the higher reside in rural and 396 474 persons in urban areas. elevation (upto 1 200 metres) are also seen randomly. The region has a density of 263 persons per km!. The slope tends to the north in the northern part and 3.111.2 Parkal Plain to the east in the rest part of the district in general. Drainage is governed by Godavari. Manner Akeru and The region covers the parts of Chitiyal, Mulug. Maneru rivers with their tributaries as well as frequent Parkal. Ghanpur. Warangal (R). Narasampet and perennial lakes/tanks particularly in the northern areas Gudur taluks. It is a plain region with a few hillocks, of the district. Geologically, the major portion of forest patches and dry ponds. Its geology is Archa­ the district in the west is occupied by Archaean rocks ean. The soils are medium black, red loamy and while the remaining part bears a complex geology brown belonging to Usterts in the north-west and specifying the rock formations of Upper Pre-Camb­ Ustalfs-Tropepts in the major remaining part of the rian, Lower Palaeozoic-Upper Pre-Cambrian, Upper district. The region is entirely rural comprising of Carboniferous-Lower Triassic and Middle Triassic­ 190 villages. Its total area is 1 5 ~ 2 .00 km2 which is Lower Cretaceous periods. Soils of the region show inhabited by 4 '0 598 rural population making a a vast expansion of Ustalfs-Tropepts categories density of 266 persons per km2. excluding some areas in the north-west and north-east 3.n 1.3 Mu)ug-Chintagudem-Gudor Forested Region under Usterts, Ustalfs and Ustalfs-Ustolls. Vegetal cover relates to teak forests in the r,orth-eastern part Extending over the parts of Eturnagaram. ChitiyaI, and dry deciduous scrubs in the extreme west. Gudur, Parkal and Mulug taluks, the region has a rugged topography characterised by hills and forests. Altogether, such heterogeneity in the physio­ Geologically, the region is composed of Upper Pre­ geographic factors at the micro level leads to sub­ Cambrian. Lower Palaeozoic-Upper Pre-Cambrian divide the district into the folloWing five sub-miCro and Upper Carboniferous-Lower Triassic rocks. The diviSions· soil sub-order association found is Ustalfs-Tropepts. Settlements are mostly concentrated in the cultivated 3.11.1.1 Jangaon-Warangal-Narasampet -Mahbuba­ areas. It is entirely a rural region having 193 villages. bad Region It has a total area of 3 304.0U km 2 which is inhabited The region is the largest one covering almost half by 151 702 rural popUlation and thus it shows a 2 density of 46 persons per km • of the district area which comprises Cheriyal, Jangaon, Kodakondla, Warangal,(U). Wardhannapet, Mallbuba­ 3.11.1.4 Nagaram-Mangapet Forested Region bad aad Marlpeda taluks as a whole and Ghanpur, Wa.rangal (R), Gudur and Narasampet taluks in parts. . ?ov~ring the part of Eturnagaram tal uk it is quite This is a plateau region composed of Archaean rocks. dIstinctIve from the neIghbouring regions in its 91 physiographic perJonaIity and is characterised by bank) in a strip covering the part of Btumagaram rough topography wIth hillock~ covered with dense taluk in the north-eastern part of the district. mixed forests. Geologically. the region belongs to It is composed of Upper Carboniferous-Lower Upper Carboniferous-Lower TrIassic formations in tbe Triassic in the southern and Middle Triassic-Lower major part and Middle Triassic-Lower Cretaceous Cretaceous formations in the northern areas. The soils formations in the extreme north. The soil sub-orders are red loamy and red sandy belonging to Ustalfl found are Ustalfs (in the major portion) and Ustalfs­ (southern part) and Ustalfs-Ustolls sub-order associa­ Ustolls (in the north). There are only 67 villages in tions (northern part). The region has only 45 villages 2 this region accounting for a total area of 1 331.00 km with an area of 275.00 km2 which is inhabited by inhabited by 26 636 rural population where the region 2 33 266 rural popUlation. It shows a density of 121 shows a density of 200 persons per km • 2 persons per km • 3.11.1.5 Godavari Basin The region stretches along the Godavari (right

92 ANDHRA PRADESH WARANGAL DISTRICT CENSUS CODE 21 REGIONAL DIVISIONS

5 · 0 10 IS 2i1 25

KILOMETRES

/

/

RF

\ ,, ". ",', '. r, .. ' 3-11-1-1 JANGAON·WARANGAL-NARASAMPEf·MAHBUBABAO RE~ON RF ~ .' ~ J·I1 ·I·2 PARKAl PLAIN U D U J·II-I ·J IokJI.UG-CHINTAGUDEM·GUDUR FORESTED REGION ' " J·I1N NAGARAM·MANGAPET FORESTED REGICN

J·IIH GODAVARI BA~N

o

IOUNOARY,Slm .. .. o

BouNom,OISIRICI ..

IOUNOAIY, IAlIJII ...

VILLAGE HAVING 1000 ANO AlII'i! POPIOIlIIfj .. • o URBAN AREA .... JB s RA I L'AYL~EWIIIISIAIIJj,1III1iII GAUGE .. JL

OI~ER IMPOR T;NT R O ~ O S . •....-e.. c RiVER .-- REGlllfjll. D"'S~N .... GEOLOGY SOilS 10 0 ~ 10 0 ~ NACRO ... t:±:J t:±:J KMS KMS NESO.

NICRO

SUI'NICRO WI1H eoUNOAAY . _ ,FOlIES!. ______.

[RtClid th. uqUfft(l 01 r~iond divilion. with rrl,r.nctto tht all Iftdio. InOP up to 3 u'r]

AR CHAEAN '"

UPPER PRE-CANBRIAN I71

LOWER PA LAEOZOIC·UPPER PR E· CAMBRIAN I'I .

UPP ER CAR BO NIF EROU S- LO WER TRIAS SIC (SI

MIDDLE TRIASSIC-LOWER CRETAC EOUS II)

DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS

Distri~t: Warangal Census Location Cod~ No. 21 State: Andbra Pradesb

District Region No. of villages No. of fowns Area in km2 in region Population in region No./ in each region in region/ _------(1981) Name as evolved Name T R U ------T R U

1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10

Warangal 3.11.1.1 59' villages 4 towns 6354.00 6265.8088.20 1668 O<}J 1 271 619 396474 JaDgaon - (8 1 in CheriyaI, 1. WarangaI Warangal- ~fi in Ghanpur, 5S 2. Jangaon Nars~mpet - in Jangaon, S! J. M thbuba­ Mahbuba- in Kod,kondla, bad bad Region 78 in WarangaI Rural, 4. DornakaI 2(1 in Warangal Urban, 28 in Gudur 6~ in Wardhannapet. 54 jn Narasampet, 4 in Maripeda and 81 in Mahbubabad taIuks)

3.1I.1.~ 190 villages No town 1 5nOO 1 582.00 - 420 598 420 598 Parkal (~1 10 ChitiyaI, Plain 1 in Mulug 61 in ParkaI 6 in Ghanapur, 37 in Warangal and 14 in Narasampet 9 in Gudur taluks)

3.11.1.3 193 villages No town 3 304.(J0 3 304.00 - lSI 702 I 51 70~ MuIug- (51 in Eturnagaram, Cbinta- 13 in Chitiyal, gudem - 90 in Gudur, Gudur 6 in Parkal Forested and 33 in Region MuIug taIuks)

3.11.1.4 67 villages No town 1 331.00 1 331.00 - 26636 26636 Nagaram- (67 in Eturnagaram Maogapet tlluk) Forested Region

3.11.1.S 4' villllgc:s No town 275.00 275.00 33266 33266 Godavari (45 in Eturnagaram Basin taIuk)

95 REGION-WISE VILL ~GE CODES, 1981

District: Warangal Census location Code No. 2i State: Andbra Pradesb

SI. Division Taluk Location Code Total No. of Area of Remarks No, Number & No. of Census villages in Regional Name Villages 1981 ------Division Divi- in km!! Taluk sicn

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

I, 3. tI .1,1 Cheriyal 1 to 81 81 Jangaon- taluk Warangal-

Narasarnpet- Ghanpur 1, 2, 9 to 6 ~ !6 Cede No.3 to 8 are in region Mahbubabad taluk 3.11.1,2 Region

Jangaon taluk 1 to S5 55 Code No, 29 is merged with Jangaon town, Kondakondla 1 to 51 51 taluk

WaTangal 27,36 to 39. 41 28 Code No. 28 to 35. 40 are ill Rural taluk to 63 resion 311,1.2

Warangal 1 to 20 20 Code No, 2. 4, 7 to 10, 14 to Urban tal\lk 19 are fully and I, 3, 5, 6, U partly included in Warangal town,

Gudur taluk 11, 30, 31, 84 to 28 Code No. 12 to 29,32 to 83,9 90, 96 to 1()4, 106 to 95. 105 are in to 114 region 3.11,],3 Wardhannapet 1 to 65 65 taluk

Narasampet 7 to 13, 22 to 68 54 Code No. 14 to 21 are ill region taluk 3.11,1,2 Maripeda taluk 1 to 74 74

Mahbubabad 1 to 81 81 593 6354,00 Code No, 42 and 80 are merged taluk in Mahbubabad and Donakal towns respec- tively,

Z, 3,11.1.2 Chitiyal 1 to 51 ~l Parkal Plain taluk Mulug taluk r. 2, 7 to 16 12 Code No. 3 to 6 are in region 3.11.1,3

96 2 4 , 7 8

Parka! taluk 1 to S, 10 to 32, 61 Code No.6 to 9. 33, in " ate 34 to 52. 54 to b7 rtaion l.ll.U

Ghanpur 3 to' 6 taluk

Waranpl 1 to 26. 28 to 35, 37 Code No. 27. 36 to 3f, 41 to 6S Rural <10,64,65 are in region l.l1.1.1 taluk

Naralampet 1 to 6, 14 to 21 14 Code No. 7 to 13 are in reaion talU)( 3.11.1.1 Gudur taluk 1 to 8, 10 9 190 1582,00 Code No.9 is in region 3.11.1.3 3. 3.11.1.3 Eturnaaaram 52, 55. 66, 59 to 51 Code No. 53. 54. 57, 58, 67 to 69 Mulu,-Chinta- taluk 66, 70, 8'. 113, 71 to 77,82 to 84, ICS, lIudem - Gudur 116, 120 to 12J, 87, 90 to 92. 97, '9, 109. Forested 12(;. 129, 134, 135, 111,112,114, lIS, 117 Region 136. 118 to 164 to 119, 124, 125, 117, 128, 130 to 133, 137 ate in region 3.11.1.4. and Code No. 78 to 81,88, 89, 93 to f6, 98, 100 to 108, 110 are in relion 3.11.1.5 Chitiyal taluk 52 to 64 13

Gudur taluk 9, 12 to 29.32 to 90 Code No. 10 II in realon 3.n.I.2 83, 91 to 95, lOS, and Code No. 1J, 30, US to 12' 31, 14 to 90, H to 104, 106 to 114 are In reaion 3.11.1.1 Parkal talull • to 9.33, 53 6 Code No. 10 to 32, 34 to 52 are in region 3.11.1.2

Mulua ta1uJ1 S to 6, 17 to 25 33 193 3304.00 Code No. 7 to 16 are in reaion 117, 29, 31 to 33, 3.U.1.~. Code No. 26, 35, 39 41 to 52, i8, 30, ~4. 36, 37,38, 54 40, 53 have been merged with Code No 41.27, 31,29, 27, 39, 35, 39, 39 respecti. vely. 4. 3.11.1.4 Bturnaaaram I, 2, I. 12, 18, 1',28 68 68 I 331.00 Code No.3 to 7, 9 to II, U to Nalaram- taluk to 33, 35, 36, 37, 39, 11,20 to 17, 34, 38, Manlapet 41 to 48, 50, 5., 53, 40, 78 to 81, .., 89. Forested 54, 57, 58, 67, 68, 6f, 93 to 96, '8, 100 Repon 71 to 77, '2, to 84, to 108, 1I0,IH; are in 86, 17. 90 to 92. 91 realoD '.1I.1.S and

97 2 3 4 6 7 8

99, 109, 111, 11', 114, Code No. 52, 55, 56, 115,I17to119,124, ~9 to 66, 70, 8.5, 113, 125,127,128, 130 116, 120 to 23, 116, to 133,137 67 67 1 331.00 129,134.135, 136 are in region 3.11.1.3 and Code No. 49 is merged with reserved fotest.

5. 3.11.1.5 EturnagaraJD 3 to 7, 9 to II, 13 Code No. " 7, P, 12, IB, 19, 28 Godavari talult to 17, 20 to 21, 34, to 3', 35 to 37, 39, 41 Basin 38, 40, 78 to W, to 48, 50; 51, 53, 54, 8', ~8, 89,9.3 to 96, 57, 58, 67 to 69, 7 L 98, 100 to 108, ItO 45 45 275.00 to 77, 82 to 84, 86, 87, 9J to 92, 97, 99, 10~ are in region 3.11. 1.4 and Code No. 57, 5~, 56, 59 to 66, 70, 85 are in region ~.11.' ,3

98 STATEMENT ON REGION· WISE PHVSIO·CULTVRAL DETAJLS-

District: Warallgal

State District Division Name of Geology Soils Physio.cultural Characteristics Number &: Admin'strative Name Division

1. 3 4 5 6 1

Andhra Warangal 3,11.1.1 Cheriyal, Archaean USlalfs. With an average height ranging between Pradesh Jangaon-- Gbanpur, Usta!fs· 200 and SOO mtrs. the region slopes from Warangal­ Jangaon. Tropepts north-west to south-east. It is charac Narasampet­ Waransal (U), and terised by a dendritic drainage pattern Mahbubabad Waraugal (R), Vsterts with frequent tiny ponds. The maio river Region Kodakondla. flowinl is Akeru. Tbere are random Gudur. stony waste and rocky knobs spread Wardhanna· over the region. It is mainly agricu­ pet, Narasam· ltural area with almost even distribution Pet. Maripeda of settlements. The main settelemenls and Mahbuba· are Narasampet, Mahbubabad, Dor­ bad taluks nakal and Nallikodur.

3.11.1.1 Chltiyal, Archaean Ustalfs­ Witll an average height of 100 mtl'l. parkal Plain Mulug. Tropepts the region slopes towards the north. It is Parkal. and drained by Sali vagu, Moruvancba vaga, Ghanpur. Usterts Pedda vagu and several other streams Waranga! (R), lastly culminating into Manner river. Narasampet The region has tbe characteristics of a and Gudur plain with Occurrence of hillocks. forest taluks patches aDd dry ponds (comparatively longer in Size). Settlements are almost evenly distributed.

3.11,1.3 Bturnagaram, Upper Prc- Ustal/!J- Showing an average height or MuluI­ Chitiyal. Cambrian. Tropept.r 300 mtrs. it is cbaracterised by a Cbintagudem - Gudur, Par- Lower Palae rugged topography composed of hills Gudur leal and ozoic-Upper (UPIO 500 mtrs.), steep rocky slopes, l"orested Mulug taluks Pre-Cambrian aoc. sheet rocks etc. It has an ubiquitous 'Region Urper Carboni­ reserved forest cover of dense mixed ferous-Lower jungles. Numerous seasonal channels Triassic and significant lakes, viz., Parkal, La~kavaram. Cbanpur, Ramappa etc. are the drainage features of this region. The region bas very small and scat­ tered patches of cultivated land in­ babited wjth smaller sized settlements.

99 2 3 4 6 7

3.11.1.4 Etufnagaram Upper Car- Ustalfs With an average height below 00 Nagaram­ taillic boniferous - and mtrs and a slope towards the east Mangapet Lower Triassic Usta/fs- the region is characterised by a rough Forested and Middle- Ustolls topography with random hillocks and a Region Ttiassic- ubiquitous rc:sened forest cover ldense Lower Cr~t- mixed Jungle mostly of teak). Scattered aieous patches of smaller settlements arc found lying in prollimily to the channels.

3. 1.'.5 t!turnagaram Upper rar- Usta(fs Rivrr Godavari is Bowing on tbe Godavari taluk boniferous- and eastern margin of this region. Patcbes BaSlo Lower Triassic Ustalfs­ of small settlements are found on the and l\.1iddle USlolls bank of the river. lbe regien slopes TrIassic Lower to\\ ards the east cries-crossed by seas­ Cretaceous onal channels.

100 :KHAMMAM DISTRICT

REGIONAL DIVISIONS

Khammam district is a part of Godavari Depres­ More than fifty per cent area of the district is sion (3. 11.1) as delineated for the present study. It covered under forests of reserved category. Thele are lies approximately between 160 45' and 18°35' N. dense mixed jungles of Teak, Bljasal, Tunki, Sandra latitudes and 79°47' and 80°47' Elongitudes. Extending Anduk. Bamboo and Tapsi. The climate is characte­ over an area of 16 029 km! the district has a popula­ rised by a hot summer and good rains. The tempera­ tion of 1 751 574 according to the 1981 Census. It ture shoots upto 40°C in June. The district receives consists of 12 taluks. On account of the Eastern Ghats an average annual rainfall of 1 018 mm. three fourths the district, in general. represents rough topography of which is concentrated during south-west monsoon consisting of dissected. uplands and hills some times period. exceeding a height of 600 metres above the mean sea level The central and eastern parts of the district Keeping these pbysio-geograpbical factors in view are mainly hilly. Important are Marrigutta. Rajagutta. the district has been divided into following eight lub­ Yerragutta and Bison hills. The entire drainage of micro regions. the district is controlled by the river systems of Godavari and Krishna. However, the rivers/streams 3.11·1.1 Nugur-Cberla Forested Upland flowing tow.uds north-east join Godavari while those flowing in southern directIOn join the river Krishna. The region extends over the part of Nugur taluk. Godavari enters this district near Chandupalle village Tbis is the smallest region in the district as delineated in Nugur tal uk. After flowing a distance of about covering northern most part of the district lying 18 kms in the south·eastern direction it leaves the adjacent to the Godavari Basin. It is mainly covered district at KolIur village of Bhadrachalam talule. The with reserved forests of dry Teak. The entire region important tributaries of river Godavari are Sabari and is hllly composed of rocks belonging to Upper Pre­ Kinnerasani. The notable tributaries of river Krishna Cambdan period. The soils are red loamy, red flowing in this district are Wyra, Muneru, PaIeru and sandy and alluvial. The main sub-order associated is Kattaleru. Ustalfs. Settlements are scattered and isolated along­ with cultivated areas. It consists of only 30 villaaes The district has very complex geological structure. and has no town. The region has an area of 776.00 2 The central part between river Godavari and Kinne­ km which is inhabited by 11 822 rural population. rasani spreading in a northwest-southeast direction is Being a forested region it is thinly populated and has mainly composed of Upper Carboniferous-Lower a low density of 15 persons per kmll, Triassic rocks. The south western and northern and southern central parts are developed on Archaean 3.11.1.1 Godavari Basin gneisses. The extreme north-western and some western parts are made up of Upper Pre-Cambrian rocks. The The region covers the parts of Nugur, Bbadra­ hilly areas of the district comprise Lower Pre·Camb­ chalam, Bhoorgampadu and Mangoor talub. rian deposits while Recent alluvium is found along The region extends in a narrow belt along the river river Godavari; the proximity is wide in the western Godavari. This elongated region bas varied geololY. part. Major part of the district is occupied under The western part of the region mainly belongs to Ustalfs soils. In the western part Ustalfs-Tropepts Recent, Middle Triassic-Lower Cretaceous and Upper occur in large areas. Udalfs-UstaIfs associated with Carboniferous - Lower Triassic periods while eastern Rock Outcrops are found in lome parts of Eastern part is mainly composed of Archaean rocks. All Ghats. intrusion belonging to Pre-Cambrian period il abo 101 visible in the eastern margin of the region. The main Aqualfs-Ustalfs. The soils are red loamy and soil sub-order found is Ustalfs however, there are local alluvial. Settlements are very sparse. It contains 56 variations in the soil distribution. There are few villages and 1 town. With an area of 1 201.00 km2 scattered patches of reserved forest. Settlements are the region is inhabited by 16 525 persons Of the total, concentrated in relatively flat areas along river 11 956 persons reside in rural and 4 569 persons in Godavari. The region contains 376 villages and 1 town. urban areas. This is the least populated region in the 'Viz., Bhadrachhlam an important religious centre and district with a density of only 14 persons per km2 as per place of tourist interest. Its total area is 1 351.00 km:l 19.s I Census. which is inhabited by 208 958 persons of whi'.'h J 87 604 persons reside in rural and 21 354 persons in urban 3.11.1.5 Kannegiri-Pengadapa-Damarcberla Forested areas. Settlement concmtration is good and the region Region ranks second in the district in terms of density of 2 population which is 155 persons per km • The region covers the parts of Bhoorgampadu. Kothagud·. m, Aswaraopet and Sathupalle taluks. 3.11.13 Narakonda -Tatilanka~ E.mdJrugudem Falling in the vicinity of the Eastern Ghats, the region Forested Reg ion repre:ents rugged topography with steep to mrderate slopes Some parts are sandy. The general slope is It is a forested region e{tending over the PlrtS of towards the 'West. It is mostly covered with reserved Nugur and Bhadrachalam taluks. The region is hilly forests consisting of Bijasa], T~ak, Tunki. Sandra. which slopes towards south, criss· crossed by the Bamboo and Tapsi trees. Most part of the region is trlbutaries of Godavari. Notable rivers are Sabari in composed of Upper Carboniferous Lower Triassic the east and Talperu in the west. The region is mainly rocks. A few areas in the western and north-eastern composed of Archaean rocks A patch of Recent part have deposits of Lower Pre-Cambrian rocks. The alluvium occurs in the central part of the region. soils are red loamy and red sandy (Ustalfs). Cdalfs­ Conforming to its geologic'll structure the soils mainly Ust"lfs associated with Rock Outcrops occur in rela­ belong to Ustalfs sub·order associations Besides. tive-Iy higher areas in the south-eastern part of the there occur Aqualfs- U~talfs deposited in the western region. The distribution of settlements is random. part along river 1 alperu and Ustalf~- Ochrepts in It contains 113 villages and 1 town. Its total areas is northwestern parts. The region is mainly covered under 2 650 O! km2 which is inhabited by 189 001 persons of reserved forests of dry Teak. Settlements are not which 149 885 persons reside in rural and 39 116 evenly distributed and concentrated in low flat ar(as persons in urban areas. The density of population is of the region. It is entirely a rural tract and contains moderate and is com ;:luted as 71 persons per km2 ) 57 villages. Its total area is 1 226.00 km2 which is according to 1981 Cemus. jnhabited by 44 471 rural population. The region has 2 a density of 36 persons per km • 3.11.1.6 Kbammam - Madbira-Kalluru-Kotbagudem Plain 3.11.1.4 Rekapalle Hills (Eastern Ghats) The region includes Thirumalayapalem, Madhira and K'1ammam taluks and the parts of Aswaraopet, The region forming parts of the Eastern Ghats Kothagudem, Yellandu, Sudimalla aud Sa thupaUe covers the parts of Bhadrachallm. B! oorgampadu and taluks This is a phin in character" irh isolated hiUs Aswaraopet taluks. It has the hi_hest altitude in the and scattered patches of forests mainly concentrated district exceeding 600 m above the mean sea level. With along the northern border of the region and in some rough hilly topography the region is covered with western and central pans. PaJeru river is flOWing on reserved forests (dense mixed jungles mainly of Teak). the western border of the region. The region is drained Geologically, the region is made-up of Lower Pre­ by river Muneru, Wyra and Kattaleru aU flowing from Cambrian rocks. An intrusive belonging to Pre­ north to south fOllowing the general slope of the Cambrian period separates the region from Godavari region. Geologically, most part of the region consists Basin. The main soil sub-order found is Ustalfs. In of Archaean gneisses. The eastern part falling towards higher altitudes in the southern part of the region Rock the east of flver Wyra is com pc sed of Lower Pre-­ Outcrops-Uda1fs-Ustalfs occur in significant area while Cambrian rocks. Recent alluvium is found deposited the northern most part of the region has depOsits of along rivers, mainly Wyra and Kattaleru. To the west of

102 river Wyra rocks of Upper Pre-Cambrian period occur between the reserved forests. It contains 54 villages in a north-south elongation. The main soil sub-order and only 1 town. The re~i"n covers an area of found in eastern part is Ustalfs while Ustalfs-Tropepts 2 05000 km2 which is inhabited by 129 232 persons of occur in rest part of the region. This is the roost which 101 940 persons reside in rural and 27 292 inhabited region in the district Settlements are evenly persons in urban areas. Being a forested region the 2 distributed. It consists of 40 I viII ages and 3 towns den~ity of population is Jow at 63 persons per km • including the district Headquarters, i.e., Khammam. It has an area of 4 875.00 km2 \\hich is inhabited by 1 058 586 persons. . Of these 853 53 I persons reside in 3.U.I.S Damartogu-Bhoorgampadu Forested Region rural and 205 055 persons in urban areas. The region represents highest concentration of population among The region covers the parts of Sudimalla, Mangoor, 2 the regions and has a density of 217 persons per kro • Bhoorgampadu and Kothagudem taluks· This is also a forested region covered with reserved forests which 3.11.1.7 Mabbubabad -Guodala ._ Cbimalpad Forested are dense mixed jungles mainly of dry Teak. The entire region is hilly with steep rocky slopes in the western Region side. There are hills of more than 500 m height above the mean sea level. A few tributaries of Goda­ 1 he region covers the parts of Sudimalla, Yellandu, vari drain the region in west-east direction. Kinnar­ Kothagudem and Mangoor taluks. The entire region sani is an important river flowing along the southern is hilly mostly covered wIth reserved forests of dense border of the region. The region is mainly composed mixed jungles. The altitude some time exceeds 600 m of Upper Carboniferous-Lower Triassic rocks. In the height above the mean sea level. Major part of the re_ eastern part near the confluence of river Godavari and gion is composed'of Upper Pre-Cambrian rocks. In some Kinnarasani deposits of Upper Pre-Cambrian and Lower parts Upper Carboniferous-Lower Triassic rocks occur Pre-Cambrian rocks are also found. Tbe main soil sub­ along the eastern border while Archaean gneisses are order found is Ustalfs. In western part Tropepts is found in southern border of the region. Soils are red asso ciated with Ust.ilfs. It contains only 50 villages. loamy and red sandy belonging to Ustalfs-Tropepts With an area of 1 900.00 km2 the region is inhabited by sub· order association. Settlements are sparsely distribu­ 92 979 rural population. The region has a density of 49 2 ted located alongwith cultivated patches scaLtered in persons per km •

JSOF INDIA

ANDHRA PRAD£SH GEOlOI KHAMMAM DISTRICT ~ CENSUS CODe 12

REGIONAL DIVISIONS

I\ILCJo.ETRE5

f1.1.1 NlICiIA-CH£RLA FORESTED UPLAND

.11.1.2 GOONiARI BASIN

(/) ".t.3 IWIAIIONOA-TATllANKA-WOAIlJGUOEM FQAESTfD REGION

11.1.4 A£KAPAlLE tillS (EASTERN GHATS)

n . I.5 KNtf:GIfij-PENGAOAPA-DAMARCHE:RLA fORESTED REGION UPPER CARIONlfEROI n.1.1 MHAMMAN-MADHN-KALLlII.U-YCTHAGLllD4 PLAIN "'IOOlE 111.1"55IC- LOI 11 . 1.7 NAHAII!IAIAO- GlJNDALA- CHIMALPAD FOAfSrro REGION Q RECENT I!) 11.1.1 D;.triWtlOOU-IHOOAG.-.IIBW FORnTfD MalOH

RJ

R, A 0 "­ 3.11.1.5'.· , v ~ \ " IOI.NOAAY. STATf .' \ IOIH)MY, DlSTAICT' 1 0 1 IOUHOMY, TAlUK ...

t VlLUGf HAYING 1000 AN) AItfNf. PONATlOfil" ' .,.I ~~'"l' URIAH AAU I RAILWAY LIN! WITH STATION.8ROAD GAUGE:

STAT! HIGHWAf

0 OTHER IMPORTANf ROADS

\ RIVER

I - __ _" "10 _

'\ "ICIOO _

SUII-NICRO WITH IIOI.JrCNIr _ s saJf».AY,FORfST ______H N [FINd lilt .~. 01 rtgIoneI dvil:_ with , ...... IN m.p cod" 14110 3 tltr]

105

DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS

District : Kbammam CenSuS Locatiou Code No. :21 State : Andbra Pradesh

District Region No of villages No. of towns Area in km2 in region Population in region No., in each region in region} -----_ ----- ( 981) Name as evolved Name T R U ------T R U

1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10

Khammam 3.11.1.1 30 villages No town 976.00 776.00 11822 11 822 Nugur-Cherla (30 in Nugur Forested taluk) Upland

3.11.1.2 376 villages 1 town 1 351.00 I 347.00 4.CO 208958 187604 21354 Godavari (162 in Nugur, 1 Bhadra- Basin )69 in chalam Bhadrachalam. 17 in Bhoorgampadu and 28 in Mangoor taluks)

3.11.1.3 157 viII ages No town 1 226.00 1 226.00 44471 44471 Narakonda- (15 in Nugur Tatilanka- and 142 in Bandaru- Bhandra.:balam gudem Fores- taluks) ted Region

3.' 1.1.4 56 villages 1 town N.A 1 20).00 N.A 16525 11956 4 569 Rekapalle (45 in Bhadra- I Mothu- Hills (Eastern chalam, gudem Ghats) )0 in Bhoor- gampadu and 1 in Aswarao- pet taluka)

311.1.S 113 villages I town 2650.00 2548.00 IOUO 189001 149885 39116 Kannegiri- (1 S in Bhoor- 1 Palwancha Peogadapa- gampadu DamarcherJa 35 in Kotha- Forested gudem, 62 in Region Aswaraopet and 1 in Sathupalle taluks)

3.11.1 6 401 villages 3 towns 4875.00 4828.00 47.00 1 OS8 ~86 853 531 20S OSs Khammam- (1 in Aswarao- 1• .Kotba- Madbira- pet. 25 in gudcm Kalluru- Kothagudem, 2. Khammam Kotbagudem 25 in 3. Madbira Plain Yellandu,

107 2 3 4 6 7 8 10

13 in Sudimalla, 77 in Tbirumalaya. paJem taluk. 110 in Madhira. 86 in Kbammam and 64 in Sathupal1e taluks)

3.11.1.7 '4 viUaaea I town 2 O~O.OO 2044.00 1.00 129 23Z 101940 27292 Mabbubabad-(3J in Sudi- 1 YelJandu Quod.la- malla 9 in Chimalpad Yellaodu Forested 13 ill Kotba- RClion JUdcm and 1 in Man,oor taluta)

3.11.1.8 50 vilJaaes No town 1900.00 1900.()0 92979 9Z 979 Damartogu- (8 in Sud;- Bhoorgampadu malla 25 in Forested Maoloor Rcsion J2 in Shoor- gampadu and 5 in Kotbaaudcm taluks)

108 REGION-WISE VILLAGE CODES. IP81

District : Khammam Census Location Code No. n State: Andbra Pradeala

st. Divi.ion Taluk Location Code Total No. of Area of Remlik, No. Number & No. of Census Yill.pa fa Reaional Name villaaea 1981 ---._-_ Division Taluk Divlsloa la km'

I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

I. UI.\.1 NUaUf 28, 55, 56, 79 to 81, 30 30 716.00 Code No, 29 to 54, 57 to 78, 8l to Nuprcbarla- tatuk 86, 87, 90, 92 to 98, 85, 88, 8'. 91. 99, 100. Porcstod 101, 102, 103, lOS, 104, 106, 107, 110, lU Upland 108, 109, III to to 117 are ia rqioD 114, 118,119, 120 3.11.1.2

2. 3.11.1.2 Nuaur talut 1 to 27, 29 to 54, 162 Code No. 28, 55, '6, 79 to 62, 8f, Ooda.. rt Basin 57 to 78, 83, 84, 85, 87, !JO, 92 to 98, 101 to 88, 89, 91, 99, 100, 103, lOS. 108, 109, 111 104. 106, 107, 110, to 114, 118 to 120 are liS, 116, Uf. III In reaion 3.11.1.1 aDd to 128, 133 to 136, Code No. 129 to 132, 142 to .57, 1.59 to 137 to J41, U'. 17', 174. \16 to 192. \96 193 to 195. 20S are in to 204, 206, 207 rCliOD 3.11.1.3

Bhadracbalam J, 7 to 14. 16,21, 169 Code No.2 to 6, ". 17 to 21, 27, talut to 26, 28 to 33, 34 to 4J. 52 to ". 7J to 42,to 51. 60 to 72, 110, 112, 113, 131 to 143, 144 to 146, 148 to 147. IS7, 163 to 177, 187 156, 158 to 162, to 204, ~38 to 257, 259, lOS to 237, 240 to 266, 329 to 331 are iD QQ, 267 to 328, rcaioD 3.\1.1.3 and Code 334 to 340 No. 111, 114to 130,17' to IS6, ~'. 332, 333., ia rqion 3.11.1.4 Cod. No. 215 i. meracd witb Bbadrachalam town.

Ihooqampadu U, 14, 24,27, 28, 17 Cod. No. IS to 23, 25, 26, 30 to 33 taluk 29, 34 to 39, 41 to ... in reaion 3.11,1.5 aad 45 Codc No. 40 is fa ..... gion 3.11.1.4

MaDJOOf taluk I to 14, 20. 22, 23, !21 57' 13S1.oo CocJo No. 15 to 19. 21, 24, 31 to 2$ JO, 4, to ,,$ '0 40 are ,. &"'011 '.11.1.' u. I 2 3 4 S 6 7 8

3. 3.1t.1.1 Nugur taluk ]29 to 13Z, 137 to IS Code No. 133 to 136, 142 to 157, Narakonda- 141, lSa, 1705, 193 159 to 174, 176 to 191, Tatilaoka- 194, 19S. 20, 196 to 204 are in Bandarugudem region 3.1I .1.2 Forested Region

Bbadrachalam 2 to 6, 15, 17 to 21. 14Z 157 1 226.00 Code No, 7 to 14, 16, 22 to 26, taluk 27; 34 to 41, 52 to 28 to 33, 42 to '1,60 to 59, 73 to I to, 112, 72, 144 to 146, 148 to 113, 131 to 143, 156, 158 to 162, 20S to 147,157,163'0117, 237, 260 to 265, 267 to 187 to 204, l38 to 328, 334 to 340 arc in 257, 259, 266, 329 region 3.11.I.l and to 331, 356 Code No. Ill, 114 to 130, 178 to 186, 258, 332, 3U. 3'1 to 3S.s are in region 3.11.1.4

4. 3.11.1,4 Bhadrachalamu Ill, 114 to 130, 45 Code No. 112, 113. 131 to 143, Rebpalle Hills taluk 178 to 186, 258,332, 14') H7, 163 to 177, 187 (Eastern Ghah), 333, 341 to 3SS to 204,2311 to 257,259, 266. 329 to 331 are in

region ~.1I.1.3 and Code No. 144 to 146, 148 to 156, IS8 to 162, 205 to 237.260 to 265, 267 to .U8. 334 to 340 are in region 3.11.1.2 Code ,"'0, 1J..l is merged with MothuBudem town,

Bboorgampadu 40,46 to S4 10 Code No. 41 to 4S are in region taluk 3.lJ.'.2 Aswaraopet 2j '6 1 201.00 taluk

,. 3,It.l.5 Bhoorgampadu IS to 23, 25, 26, I' Code No. 24, 27 to 29 arc in Kannegiri- taluk 30 to 33 region 3.11.1.3 Peogadapa- Damarcharla Kothagudemu 19, 22 to 31, 43. 33 Code No. 20, 21. 40, 41 are in re- Forested taluk 53 to 6\ 68, 69 gion 3.11.1.7 ano Codo Region No. 39. 41, 44 to 51. 67 are in regioo 3.11.1.6 Code No 3~ to 38 fully and 34 partly are mer,cd with ~othaBU- dem and 19 in Palwan- eba towns.

110 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 •

Aswaraopet 1 to 28, 30 to 47, 62 Code No. 29 fs in region 3.1I.t.4 taluk 49 to t4 and Code No. 48 is in region 3.11.1.6 Sathupalle 32 1 113 2650.00 taluk

6. 3.11.1.6 Aswaraopet 48 Kbammam- taluk Madhira-

Kalluru- Kothagudem 13 to 17, 39, 42, 2S Code No. 18; 20, 2'. 40, 41, 7j are Kothagudem taluk 44 to 51, 67, in reaioD 3.11.1.7 and Plain 70,72 to 78 Code No. 19, 22 to 3', 43, '3 to 66, 68, 69 are fn reaion 3.11.1.5 Code No. 16, 17 are included in Kothaaudem town.

Yellandu taluk 5, fi, 7, 13 to 34 25 Code No.8 to 12 are ia rcaiOD 3.11.1.7

Sudimalla 26 to 34, 36, 38, 13 Code No.3'. 37, 3t to 49 are in taluk 50,51 reaion 3.11.1.7

Thirumalaipalcm 1 to 77 77 taluk

Madhlra taluk I to 110 110 Code No. IE i. included in Madhira town.

Khammam I to 86 86 Code No. 15, 16,35 are fully in. taluk eluded and 14 partly included in "bammam town.

Sathupallc taluk 1 to 31, 33 to 6' 64 401 4875.00 Cod. No. 32 is in reaion UI.I.S

7. 3.11.t.7 Sudimalla taluk 6 to 8, 10, 11, 14 31 Cod. No.9. 12, 13 arc in r'lioD Mahbubabad- to 25, 35. 37, 39 to 3.11.1.8 and Cod. No. Gundala- 49, 51 26 to 34, 36, 38, 50, 51 Chimalapad are in resion 3.U.I.' For_ted aeliOD

Yellandu taluk 1 to 4, 8 to 12 9 Codo No. ,to , aro in fCIIon '.1l.t.6 Code No.4 is iDcaldtd io YcI1aD4a ton.

111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Kothasudcm 1,2,8toI2,18. 13 Code No. 3 to 7 arc in region talut 20, 21, 40. 41, 71 3.11.1.8 ancl Code No. I IS to 17. 3'. 42. 44 to '2, 67. 70 are in reafoa 3.U.U aad Code No. 1'; 21 to 38. 43. 5' to 66, fl. 69 are in rOlion 3,ll.1.' Code No. 2 il submer- led under Kinnerasani Project,

Maa,oor talllk 54 1 54 1050.00

3.11.1.8 Sudimalla 1 to 5. 9, 12, 13 8 Code No.6 to I, 10. 11 are ia •• Dalllartolu - tslut "lIOD 3.11.1.1 Bbooraampadu Forested Reaion

MaDloor IS to 19. 2); 14. 25 Code No. 20. 22. 23. 25 to 30. 41 taluk 31 to 40; 46 to 53 to 45 are in resion 3.U.1.2

Bhoorgampad. 1 to 12 U ..." taluk:.

Kothaguaem J to 7 50 1900.00 taluk.

112 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS

District: Khammam CeDSUS Location Code No. 21 State: .t\odbra Pr"des"

State District Division Name of Geology SOils Physio-cultural CharaeteristiOI Number & Administrative Name Divisions

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Andhra Khammam 3.11.1.1 Nugur taluk Upper Pce­ USlal!s With an absolute height between Pradesb Nagur­ Cambrian 175 and 34' mtes. it slopes towards Cherla tre west. This region is spread in Forested a narrow strip almost covered with 'Uplllnd thick Ieserved forests, viz., NUIUf and Cherla There is a range of hiDs ending in a scarp near Talperu river and Nfruda vagu which flow through tbe region. Isolated patches 0' settlemente are located in the forests, viz., Pena­ golu, Pamunuru and Chermala Wells and kuntas are the main irrigation SOurces in this regioD. Roads and railways are not available

3.11.1.1 Nugur, Bhadra­ Recent, Ustalls With an absolute heiaht of 130 Godavari chalam. Bhoor­ Middle and 190 mtrs. this region of 1001 B\lsin gampadu and Triassic-Lower narrow strip of land lies a10na MaDBoor taluks Cretaceous, sides of the Godavari river. Bo­ Archaean, sides Godavari, Talperu and Sabari Lower Pre- are the other important rivers 10 Cambrian this region. The main irrilation and Upper Car­ sources are wells, tanks and boniferous­ canals. Only road transport is avai­ Lower lable in this region. The maiD Triassic settlement. and transrort routea are dc\eloped aloDI river Godavari. Important settlements arc Nup, Veokatapuram. Cheria, ltapavaram, Muruonuru, Gavridevipeta. Narsa­ puralJ2 and Dobbagudom.

8.11.1.3 NUBur and Archaean Aqual!s­ In this reaion the river Sabarl i. Narakonda­ Bhadrachalam Ust,ffs. an important tributary joininl the Tatilanka­ taluka Ustalfa - Godavari river. This region i. Bandaru­ Ochrepta covered with low hills and foreste gudem and and has a hei.ht between 125 and Forested Ustalfs 515 mtrs. with a slope towards Realon south-east. Some high bills rile to the east of Sabari river adjoinfq the ghats. In the eastern half il

113 1 2 3 4 s 6 7

is mostly covered with reserved forests (dense mixed jungle of born· boo). viz.. Bandarugudem, Edu­ gurallapalle, GoJIaguppa and Rama­ cbandrapuram. Irrigation i. done tbrough rainfed lanks, wells and kuntas. Only roads are available as means of transport. Settlements are sparse. Big settlements are Kumman dra. Edugullapalle, Kamalapuram and Nellipaka.

3.11.1.4 Bhadracbalam, Lower Pre­ Ustalfs, This region is almost covered Rekapalle Bhoorgampadu Cambria~ Ustalfs- with reserved forests. Important are Hills and Aswaraopet OchTlpts Lakkavaram, Mad'lguru. Marri­ (Ea5tetrn taluks and guda, Kaleru and Warsugiri reser­ Ghats) Rock OUI- ved forests. With an average height crops- between 231 and (\32 mtrs. it hal Uda/fs - rocky slopes and cliffs. Most part Usta/fs of this region is covered with low bills. Some high hills rise to the east of Sabari river adjoining to tbe ghats where RekapaJIe hills are the ma in. Sileru river. a tributary of Godavari, flows along the northern border of the region The region is poor in transport facility. The main irrigation sources in this region are streams, wells and kUDtas. Settlements are scattered. Notable are Jidiguppa Lakkavaram and Chandaradi. Motbugudem is the only town located in the region.

3.tt.'" Bhoorgampadu, Lower Pre­ Ustalfs With an average height of 212 Kannegiri­ Kothagudem. Cambrian and and and 596 mlrs.. this region is Pengadapa­ Aswaraopet, Upper Car­ Rock out­ having steep to moderate Slope Damarcharla and Sathupalle boniferous - crops­ It hIlS large ext en IS of forest areas.' Forested taluks Lower Udalfs­ Reserved forests are Timmapet,a Region Triassic Usta/fs Peogadapa. Katkur. Vedantapuram. Damarcherla and Kannegiri. These are dense mixed jungles mainlY of Teak. This region is drained by a number of small rivulets. River Godavari and Kinnarasani flow on the northern border of this region. The main irrigation sources are tanks, kUntas. numerous seasonal channels and canals. Roads and railways are available in some parts. Settle­ ments are smaller in size. Th'l bigger ones are Nagupalle. Naldupeta. Pat­ warigudem, Aswaraopet and VenJa. napalem.

114 1 2 3 4 s 6 7

3.11.1.6 Aswaraopet. Archaean, USlalfs It is a dry plain region having Khammam­ Kothagudem, lower Pte­ and small patches of reserved forests such Madhira­ Yellandu. Cambrian Ustalfs­ as Gobbegurti, Komepalle etc. Kalluru­ SudimalJa. and Recent Tropepts This regIOn has !andy SI il with Kotbdgudem 1 hirumalaipalem, occurrence of small hilll)cks. PlaiD Madhira, The two important rivers that Khdmmam and flow through this regiOn are Muneru Sathupalle and Paleru both ultimately jOining taluks the river Krishna. The fiver Muneru flowing from north to SQutb passes through the we,tern side of Kham_ mam town. Wyra and Kattaleru are the other rivers flow:ng through this region Paleru Wyra and BethupalJe Gangaram projects are important medium irrigation projects located in this region. 'Ihis regiofn has both rail and road lllcilities. Sc·tJement size is Ielati"ey large­ Important settlements are Kotha­ gudem Khammam, Kalluru Mitla­ palle. Garla, Kashmaneli. T hattam­ pad and Madbira.

3.11 .. 17 Sudimalla, Upper Pre­ Ustalfs This is a hilly region with exten­ Mahbub ,bad - Yellandu. Cambrian, and sive forest~ m the northern portion, Gundala- - Kothagudem Upper Car­ Usta/fs­ viz., Komararam. Mahbubbad. Gun­ Chimalpad and Mangoor boniferous­ Tropepts dala Lakshmipuram etc. With an Forested taluks Lower Triassic average height of 348-flSZ mtrs. this Region and Archaean region is having ~and hills and dunes. rocky slopes, random stony waste and rocky knobs. Kinnarasani is an important river flowing in the northern border of this region. Bnyyaram tank and SlOga­ bhupalem project are the major ir igallon SOUl ces in this region. This region has both road and rail­ way facilitIes. Smaller settlements are found in this region. The maio settlements are Yellandu. Komapu­ ram Kambolupalle, Singareragota- imella and Cbatipalle Devigudem.

3.11.1.8 Sudimalla, Upper Car­ Uslalls 'Ihis region is almost coveresd Damartogu- Mangoor. boniferous­ and with reserved for <:'5 ts and has Bhoorgampadu Bhoorgampadu Lo~er USIIl/fs- steep rocky slope' and sand hills. Forested and K otba- Triassic and Tropepts Manallagutta, Damartogu and Region gudem taluks Upper Pre­ Manbarlagudem are the important Cambrian res rved forests. With an ave rag height of 290- ~6'1 mtrs., it slopes towards east. Kinnarasani is the

115 1 2 5 6 7

important river which flowl alonl the ~outhern border af this region. River Jalleru and Cureta vagu also flow in this region. The main source, of irrigation ate tanks (Kinnarasani tank), kuntas and canals. Transport and communi cation facilIties are poor. Settlements are isolated in the forest. Im- portant settlements are Bhoorgal­ mpadu. Markadu, Regulagudem. Venkatapuram Rnd Allapalli.

116 MAHBUBNAGAk DISTRIC1'

REGIONAL DIVISIONS

Mahbubnagar dil.trict is a palt of the Telangana east and Ustalfs· TropeptB in the west. the settlements plateau (3.11.2> and is situated approximately between are scattered. The region contains 237 viIIages and 16° and ,7° N. latitudes and 77° and 79° E. longi tudes. and 1 town accounting for a total area of 2 575.00 Administratively being comprised of 13 taluks, it km 2 which is inhabited by 317 S13 per,sons of which occupies an area of 18 432 km 2 with a population of 306 154 persons reside in rural and 11 359 persons t2 444 619 persons (1981 Census). Physiographically, in urban areas. The region has a density of 123 persons it is higher in altitude in the north and north-western per kms. par~. showing a rugged topography and an elevation ranging between 600 and 1 200 metres. Other part of the district has an elevation between 300 and 600 3.11.2.2 Mabbnbnagar-Wanapartbi-Maktbal Region metres. The district, with a general slope towards the south-east is drained by the rivers Krishna, Tunga-­ Extending over the parts of Makthal. Atmakur, bhadra, Pedda vagu, Chinna vagu and Dindi along Wanaparthi. Kollapur, Mahbubnagar and ladcherla with some perennial tanks/lakes. Vegetation is dry taluks, it i. almost a plain region. Pedda vagu and deciduous with scrubs in the north and north-western Okacheti vagu are the main rivers besides Krishna parts and teak forests in the south-eastern part. which flow along the southern boundary of the region. Geologically, the district mainly belongs to the The entire region is composed of Archaean rocks Archaean formation. A few areas in the north­ except a few patches of Lower Pre-Cambrian roeb in western and western part have Palaeozoic-Upper Pre­ the middle of the region. Soil sub-orders found are Cambrian Lower Pre-Cambrian. Mesozoic-Lower Ustalfs in the east and Ustatfs-Tropepts and Usterts Tertiary and undated formations. A smaller area in the west. It has 416 villages and 3 towns. Its total in the south-east is noticed to show the Upper Pre­ area is 3 950.00 km2 which is inhabited by 681 111 Cambrian formations. As regards soils, Ustalfs group persons of which 537 tl39 persons reside in rural and (with 3 sub-order associations) predominate all over 144 072 persons in urban areas. It has a densit1 of the district excepting for a smaller area along the 1?2 persons per km'. south-western margin of the district where Udalfs and Uaterta groups are noticed. 3.11.2.3 Krishoa-Tuagabhadra Interlun Keeping in view all such physio-geographic traits the district may be divided Jnto seven sub-micro The region is trianaular in shape being constituted resions al u.der- by Gadwal and Alampur taluks between the rivers Krishna and Tungabhadra forming the northern and 3.11.2.1 Kodangal-Ioilkonda Upland southern boundaries of the region respectively. The region is composed of Archaean, Lower Pre-Cambrian The region includes Kondangal tal uk and parts and Lower Palaeozoic-Upper Pre-Cambrian rocks. of Muthal, Atmakur, Mahbubnagar and Jadcherla The soil sub-orders found are Udalfs in the north and taluks. It is an upland having slope towards the Usterts-Tropepts in the south. The area is suitable south-east. The south-eastern part is covered with for cultivation due to being rich in river-borne allu­ reserved forests. Most of the region is composed of vium. Consisting of 202 villages and 2 towns it has Archaean rocks. Rocks of Lower Palaeozoic-Upper a total area of 2 050.02 kmll which is inhabited by Pre-Cambrian, Mesozoic-Lower Tertiary and undated 355236 persons out of which 313533 persons reside in rocks are found in the western part. The main soil rural and 41 703 persons in urban areas. The reBioa sub.ord.rs occuring in the region are Ustalfs in the makes a density of 173 persons per km'. 117 3.112.4 Sbadnagar-Badepalle-Achampet Region Kollapur, Nagarkurnool and Achampet taloks. Small tributaries of the river Krishna criss-cross the area The region extends OVer the parts of Shad nagar , in north-south direction The region mainly consists of Jadcherla, Mahbubnagar. Wanaparthi, Nagarkurnool, Archaean rocks. The main soil sub-order found is Kalvakurthi and Acbampet taluks. Most part of the Ustalfs. Settlements are evenly distributed. It contains region is plain and cultivated. The DlOdi and Chinna 144 villages and 1 town. Its total area is 1 575.00 vagu rivels flow through the middle part of the region 2 km which is inhabited by 239 358 persons of which following the general slope towards the south-east. 225 874 persons reside in Iural and 13484 penons Its geo! ;gy is Archaean and main soil sub-order found in urban areas. Its density of popuiaition is 152 is Ustalfs It contains 454 villages and 3 towns making 2 persons per km • altogether a total area of 4 527.38 km2 which is inhdbiced by 68~ 671 persons of which 634844 persons reside in rural and 49 827 in urban areas. It has a 3.11.2.7 Kollapur-Amrabad Forested Region density of 151 persons per krn 2 • 311.2·S Mudhivenu- Cbarakonda Upland The region is situated in the south-eastern part of the district and is bounded by the rivers Dindi and The region covers the parts of Kalvakurthi and Krishna on the north-east and south. This interfluve Shadn -gar taluks. The northern part of the region covers the parts Achampet and Kollapur talnks. Most has artas of reserved forests. Pedda vagu is tbe main part of the region is hilly and covered with reserved river flowing in this region. The region is composed forests. Geologically, the region mainly belongs to of Archaean rocks. Ustalfs soils are found all over the Upper Pre-Cambrian period. Ustalfs.Orrhents the region .The region has only 58 villages with a is the main soil sub-order association found in the total area of 950·tJO km~ inhabited by 107 693 rural region. Settlements are scattered. It contains only 2 population. It shows density of 113 persons per km • 35 villages and 1 town. The total area of the region is 2804.00 km2 which is inhabited by 59037 persons 3.11.2.6 KolJapur Region of which 52 261 persons are in rural and 6 176 persons in urban areas. The region has a density of only Being bounded in the south by the river Krishna 21 persons per km2 and hence is the least popula­ this reglon extends northwards over the parts of ted.

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n I ! G U N T U R I I D 5 T R C T

DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS

District : Mahbubnagar Census Location Code No· 14 State: Andbra Pradesh

______...--- .#--- -~ - ~----,._ ~ District Region No. of villages No. of lowns Area in km' in region Population in region No.1 in each region in regionl ------(1981) Name as evolved Name T R U ------T R U

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 JO

Mahbubnagar 3.11.2.1 237 villages 1 town 2 5".00 1 !l34.GO 40.10 317513 306 134 11 359 Kodangal­ (156 in Kodangal. 1. KOliai KOllkonda I ~ in Makthal. Upland 1 in Atmakur, , in JadcberJa and 61 in Mabbub­ naiar taluks)

3.11.2.2 416 villages 3 towns 3 5'0.00 3 8.91.40 .58.60 681 111 537039 14407:1 Mahbub- (116 in Mak thaI, J. Mahbub­ naaar- 121 in Atma- nagar Wan a par- kur, 141 in '1. Narayanpet thi- Wanaparthi, 3. Wanaparthi Maktbal 13 in Kollapur, Rcaion 6 in Mahbubnagar, and 19 in Jadchcrla talub)

3.11.2.3 Q02 villages 2 towns Krisbna- (102 in Gadwal talut 1. Gadwal Tunga- and 100 in Alampur 2. Alampuf bbadra taluks) IIltcdluy.

3.t1.2.4 454 vlllages 3 towns .. 527.38 .. "9'.38 32.00 , ... 671 G4 144 049 .2f Shad­ (120 in Shadnagar. I. Fadcpalle lIagar­ 66 in Jadcberla, 2, Farooqnagar BadepaU.­ 1$ in Mahbubnagar. 3, Nagar- Acbampct 3 in Wanaparthi, kurnool Relion 101 in Nasar­ turnool, 92 in Kalvakurthy and ~, in Acbampct taluka)

121 2 3 .. 6 7 8 9 10

3.11.2.5 58 villages No town 9'0.00 950.00 107 69] 107 693 Mudhivenu­ (55 in Kalvakurthi Cbarakonda and 3 in Sbadnagar Upland talukl)

3,11 .2.6 144 villages 1 Town I ,75.00 1 $56.60 18.40 2393'8 225 874 13 484 Kollapur (9i) in Kollapur J. Kollapur aeaiOD 37 in Nagar­ kurnool and 8 in Achampet taluks)

3.11.2.1 3' village. 1 town N,A. 2 804.00 N.A 59 037 52 261 6 176 Kollapur­ (29 in Acbampet Sriaailam Amrabad and 6 in Kollapur project Forested laluks) towDsbi,r. ReiloD left Dank colony

J22 REGION-WISE VILLAGE CODES, 1'81

Dlltrid : Mahbubnaglr Census Location Code No. 14 State : Andllra Pradesll

SI. Division Taluk Location Code Total No. of Area of Remarl

1 IZ 3 4 S 6 7 8

I. 3.1I.2.t Kodaoaal 156 Kodan'Rl- tRluk Koilkonda Uplan4 Maktbal 12 to 22, 57, '8, 14 Code No. 23 to 56 are in resion taluk 59 3.11.1.2

Atmakur 1 1 taluk

ladcberla 82 to 86 taluk

Mabbub­ 1 to 15, 31 to 69, 61 237 2573.00 Code No. 16 to 30 are in region nagar­ 72,77 to 82 3.U.2.4 and code No. 70, taluk 71, 73 to '16 are in region ~.1J.2.2 Code No. 37 it partly included in Mabbubnaaar town.

2. 3.11.'2.2 Maktbal I to 11, 25 to S8 116 Code No. lIZ to 22, 57 to S9 are in Mabbub. taluk 60 to 130 region 1.11.'2.1. Code No. 36 nagar­ is merged with Narayanpet Wanapartbi­ town. Maktbal lleJion Atmakur 2 to 122 121 taluk

Wanapa­ 1 to 19, 22 to 2', 141 Code No. 20, 21, 26 are In reaion rthl taluk 27 to 144 3,1 I .2.4. Code No. 77 Is merged with wanapartbi town.

Kollapur 1 to 6, 33 to 39 Code No.7 to 32 are in region 3.11.2.6 taIuM

Mabbub­ 10, 71, 13 to 76 6 Code No. 72 is in rqioll U1.2.1 nagar taluk

Jadcherla talnk 65,66, 69 to 81, 19 416 3950.00 Code No' 67, 68 are in resion 3.lf.?. B7 to 90 and code No. 82 to 86 are In region 3.11.2.\

123 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 8

3 3.11.2.3 Gadwal 1 to 102 102 Code N('. 15 is partly merged in Krishna- taluk Gadwal town. Tungabbadra Interfluve A]ampur talux 1 to 100 100 202 20S0.(O Code No. 9:1 is included in Alamrur town.

4. 3,\\.2.4 Shadnsgar I to 38, 40to 107, 120 Code No. 108.110,111 are in region Shadnagar- tal uk 109, 112 to 124 3.1I.2.S. Code No. 13 is Badepalle- merged with Farooqnagar town. Code No. 39 is in Pargi taluk or Rangaceddl district.

Achampet Jadcherla 1 to 64. 67, 68 66 Code No. 6~, 66 are in region ~.11.2.1 Region talu.k Code No. ~9 is included in BadepaUe town. Mahbubnagar 16 to 30 15 talux

Wanapartbi 20,21,26 3 Code No. 22 to 2S are in region taluk 3.11.2.1l.

Nagarkurnool 1 to 93, lOS to 101 Code No. 94 to 104 are in region taluk 112 3.11.2.6. Code No. n is merged witb Nagarkurnool town.

Kalvakurthi I, 2, 22 to 34, 92 Code No.1 to 21, 3S to 6S, lOa, 103 taluk 6lJ to 101, 104 to are in region 3.11.2.5 147

Achampet 1 to 49,58 to 65 57 454 449'.38 Code No. SO to S7 arc in reEion 3.11.2. taluk

S. 3.11.2.5 Kalvakurthi 3 to .21,35 to 68, 55 Code No. 22 to 34, fi9 to 101 are in Mudhivenu- taluk 102, 103 region 3.11.2.4 Charakonda Upland Shadnagar 108, 11", 111 3 58 950.00 Code No. 109 in reaion 3.11.2.4 i talut

6. 3.11.'2.6 Kollapur taluk 7 to 32, 40 to 52, 99 Code No. 33 to lQ, arc region 3 .• 1.1.2 Kollapur 56 to 31, 83 to JI6 aDd Code: No. 53 to 53. 82 Region are in regIOn 3.11.2.1 Code No. 8S. liS are merged with Kollapur town,

Nagarkurnool 94 to 104, 113 to 37 Code No. iOS to 112 are in region taluk 138 3.11.2.4

Achampet taluk SO to 57 8 144 1 S75.00

7. 3.1' .2.'1 Achampet 66 to 94 29 Kollapur- taluk Amrab.d Forested Kollapur taluk 53, 54,55, 82, 6 35 2804.00 Codo No. !6 to 81, 83 to 1!6 are in ROiioD 117,118 roaion 3.11.2.'

124 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS

District: Mahbuboagar Census Location code No. 14 State: Aodbra Pradesh

State District Division Name of GeololY Soils Physio-cuItural Characteristics lIOumber & Adminis­ Name trative DiviSIon

1 2 3 4 s 6 7

Andhra Pradesh Mabbub­ 3.lt 2. t Jadcherla, Archaean, USlal/s and The region has a height upto nagar KndangBl­ KodaDgal, Lower Ustal/s­ 61Q mtrs. On the unper part of the KOllkonda M;.,kthal, Paleozoic- Tropepfs region grasses and trees like palms Upland Atmokur and Upper Pre­ are grown. Settlements are scatter red Mahhubnagar Cambrian and over the region. Transport & com­ tsluka Mesozoic- munications is not very devel,'ped. Lower This area is not very suitable for Tertiary cultivation.

3.1 1.7.2 Makthal, Archaean Uatal/s, The region is almost plain. Pedda Mabbub Atmakur, and Lower Ustal/s­ vagu and Okacheti vagu the tributa­ nagar _­ Wanaparthi Pre-Cambrian Tropepts ries of river Krishna are flowing Wanaparthi­ Kollapur, and UsterfJ in this regL,n. Palms Hnd ,mall Maklhal Mahbubnagar, trees are found on higher areas. In Region and ladcherla this area roadi and railways are taluks available as means of transportation. Settlements are mainly concentrated on the river bank.

3. t 1.2.3 Gadwal and Archaean, Udaf/s and This region is an interfiu'e of KriehDa­ Alampur Lower Pre­ Usterts­ river Krishna and Tung" bhadra. Tungabhadra taluks Cambrian Tropepts Most of the area i~ suitable for Interfluve and Lower cultivation. Some patches of reser. Palaeoz"lc - ved forests are also available­ Upper Pre­ p,lms and bomboo are the main Cambrian species growing in these forests mainly in the western part. Settlements are located on the road side and Gadwal town is thickly populated in this region.

3.1 I.? 4 Sbadnagar, Archaean USfal/s This region is almost plain and Shadnagar­ Jadcherla, suitable for cultivation. Dindi and Badepalle­ Mahbubnagar, Chinna vagu rivers flow through the Achampet Wanaparthi, central part of the region. A few Region NagarkulDool, tanks are also available. Settlements Kalvakurthi are spread throughout the region. and Achampet Farooqnagar. Badepalle and Nagar­ taluks kurnool are the three towns. All are connected by metalled roads.

3.11.2.' Kalvakurthi Archaean Ustalft The northern part of the region is Mudhivenu- and Shad- covered with reserved forests. This Charakonda nagar taluks upland is drained by Pedda vagu river Upland whIch flows in the southern part of the region. Settlements are spread throughout the region.

125 2 3 4 5 6 7

3.tt.'1.6 Kollapur, Archaean Usta//s A few tributaries of river Krishna KolJapur Nagarkur­ and Upper drain the region in north-south Region nool and Pre-Cambrian direction. Forests are located along Achampet the eastero boundary of the region. taluks Settlements are evenly distributed. Few roadg are dew:lopiClg. Small tanks (dry/ptrcnnial) are also available. Kollapur is the only town located in the region.

31.1.2.7 Achampet Archaean Ustal/s­ With an average height between KolJapur­ and Kolla­ and Upper Orthents 451 and 676 mtrs. Most part of the Amrabad pur taluks Pre-Cambrian region is covered by Kollapur-Amra· Forested bad reserved forests. Some settle. Region ments are available on the road side in the middle rart of Amrabad reserved fore&t. A metalled road passes t '11 ough tbis reserved forest. The entire area is billy and not sui­ table for cultivation. In this region Srisailam Project Town-ship Left Flank Colony is located.

126 RANGAREDDI DISTRICT

REGIONAL DIVISIONS

Rangareddi is a part of the Telangana Plateau of Marpally, Vicarabad and Pargi taluks. It is having rugged terrain marked with stony waste, boulders and (3.11.2) and is constituted by 11 taluks accounting for rocky slopes. The general slope is towards the west a total area of 7 493 km2 and a population of J 582 062 persons (1981 Census). It lies approximately between which is evident from the flow of the Kanga river and the latitudes of 16°30' and 18°20' North and longitudes its tributaries. The surface is mostly covered with open and dense mixed forests (Teak) and open scrubs. of 71°30' and 79°30' East. Geologically, most part of the region is composed of PhysiographicaUy, the district shoWS the height Archaean rocks. In the north-western part Lower between 300 and 600 m. in its western and eastern Palaeozoic-Upper Pre-Cambrian, Mesozoic-Lower Tertiary and Pleistocene formations are conspicuous. parts intervened most obviously by the elevated middle The region shows Usterts'Fluvents soils in the northern part that ranges even upto 1 200 m. Naturally, slope part and Ustalfs--Tropepts and Ustalfs in the south­ direction in both the parts is centrifugal. i.e., the western western and southern parts. Settlements arc parts part tends to the west and the eastern part to the east. Major drainage channels are Konga, Pedda vagu. and governed by agricultural tracts. Altogether there Pochamma vagu etC. in the western part and Musi, are 341 villages and 1 town making a total area of 2 Yenteru, pooya vagu. Erramulli vagu, Mula vagu etc. 24.62.00 km • It is inhabited by 352397 persons of in the eastern part. The middle part shows considerable ~hlch 319 947 persons are in rural and 32 450 persons ruggedness marked with small hillocks, stony waste, 10 urban areas. The density of population comes 143 persons per km2 for the region as a whole. rock outcrops, boulders and rocky wastes. Geologi­ cally, the eastern part of the dhtrict covers the 3.11.2.2 Marpally-Vicarabad Upland Archaean rocks while the western part has some areas Lying to the east of the former region this covets of the Lower PaJaeozoic-Upper Pre-Cambrian, unda­ the parts of Marpally, Vicarabad, Chevella and Pargi ted granites and MesozolC-Lower Tertiary formations taluks and Shadnager taluk of Mahbubnagar district. over the Archaean. The middle part belongs to This is an upland sloping towards the east. The Mesozoic-Lower Tertiary (Deccan Trap) interrupted river Musi with other streams/nalas is flowing in the by significant areas of laterites of Pleistocene. The Soils southern most part of tbis region. The region is mar­ relating to Ustalfs group cover the eastern and south­ ked with small hillocks and stony wastes. Open western parts, while those relating to Usterts are visible scrubs are numerous and areas of open mixed jungles over the central and western parts of the district. A are rare. The region shows Mesozoic-Lower Tertiary small patch of Orthents-Tropepts is noticed in the geological formations with the rocks of Pleistocene extreme north-west. Vegetation includes patches of lat~rites. The soils are mainly Usterts covering the dry deciduous scrubs throughout except two signifi­ major part. However. there are Ustalfs soils on the cant patches of Teak forests in the north·west and w~stern margin of the region. Settlements are sparsely extreme south. dlstIlbuted. It contains 146 villages and 1 town with a total area of 1 075.62 km2 which is inhabited by Thus, in view of the above physio-geographical 185910 persons of which 165 173 persons reside in factors and their spatial variations, the district has been rural and 20 737 in urban areas. The region has a divided into five suh-micIo regions as under- 2 density of 173 persons per km • 3.11.2.1 Tandur-Pargi Forested Region 3.11.2.3 Musi-Musa VaUey

Expanding over the western part of the district The region covers the parts of Chevella and this region is comtituted by TanduI taluk and the parts Rajendranagar taluks. It is drained by Musi·Musa 127 rivers with a general slope towards the east. the the re,ion. Settlements are randomly distribute!! Osman Sagar and Himayat Sagar are the important concentrating mainly in the cultivable zones. There water bodies in the eastern part of the region. The are 195 VIllages and 10 towns inhabited by a total surface is rough marked with hillocks, rocky knobs and population of 553 498 persons over an area of 1 231.00 2 boulders particularly towards the east. Its geology is km • Out of this total population there are 266 658 mainly Archaean. Mesozoic-Lower Tertiary forma­ persons in rural and 286 840 persons in urban areas. tions are seen only in the western side. The main soil The region has a density of 450 persons per kms. sub-order association found is Usterts. Most part of the region is suitable for agriculture. There are 207 villages and 4 towns that account for an area of 3.11.2.S Maisaram -Ibrlbimpataam RegioD 2 1 175.00 km • It has a population of 281 044 persons where there are 244 074 rural and 36 970 urban In the south-eastern part of the district thl. region dwellers making altogether a den~ity of 239 persons includes Maheswaram and Ibrahimpatnam taluks in 2 per km • full and Hyathnagar taluk in part. The presence of boulders. rocky knobs and stony waste is the main 3.1I.2.4 Medchal-Hayathoagar Region characteristics of the region. Small hills with open scrubs characterise the physiography of the eastern Occupying the north-eastern part of the district, part of the region. The southern part is al80 having this region consists of Medchal and Vallabhanagar undulating surface marked with steep rocky slopes and taluks and Hayathnagar taluk in part. The surface is hillocks with limited forest areas. Geologically. the rugged marked with rocky are'ls. boulders, stony waste region eXhibits Archaean rocks throughout the region and hillocks. There are abundant ponds/tanks which where soils are red sandy in character relating to Us­ are seasonal. Musi is the main river of the region talfs group. Settlements are dispersed being located flowing to the east. Its geology ubiquitously belongs mostly in the agricultural tracts or along the transport to Archaean period showing the rock formations such routes. The region is entirely rural with 163 vilJages as cordierite gneiss, hornblende-biotite gneiss and ir.habited by 209213 persons over an area of 1 550.00 unclassified crystallines. The soils are Ustalfs-Tropepts kmll. It makes a density of population of 135 perSOBl 2 in the western part and Ustalfs in the eastern part of per km • ANDHRA PRADESH RANGAREDDI DISTRICT CENSUS CODE 15 REGIONAL DIVISIONS 10 15 20 25

KILOMETRES

-4

o

o »

"

'? o

2 '/1.0' Vl ,1'-0"

Qt ...

f>. -+ r

r 3.111.2 ,I Tandur- Pnrgi Forested Re9ion Boundary t Stote 3,kn Marpally -Vicarabad Upland

3,11.2,3 Musi -Muso Valley Boundary J District N Boundary I Taiuk 3.lil.2·4 Medchal-Hoyt:!tmaqaT Region Village Hoving 5000 And Abov. Populolion ,11.2.5 Moisoram -lbrahimpatnam Region •

Urban Area , .. ~ Railway Line with station, Broad Gauge., '" .. =-oI! R~ GEOLOGY SOILS Motre Gauge· . .,....Iii 10 0 10 l=±=l National Highway .. ' .. __HI Kms. rmmrf7 USTALFS State H"9 hwoy .. __51 ARC HAEAN (9) l[1! ... ~. .n'1 USTALFS - TROPEPTS Other Important Roods . .. "'-- m61 ORTHENTS-TROPEPTS LOWER PALAE02QIC­ ,Riv., ...... -;::d. UPPER PRE-CAMBRIAN (6) J ~!91 USTERTS m',') ~96 USTERTS-FLUVENTS Regional O'imian .. , ...... 3.11 ME5010lC LOWER m m m \..,~ TERTIARV (12) Macro _ ------~ t m m m m III In m ,,)-,s' Meso ------PLEISTOCENE (2) ~ "'-( Micro - --

SUb-Micro WIth Boundary ------Boundary, Forest __ ------_ .. " [Read the sequencti! of ngiono[ divisions with retaren all Indio mop code, up to 3 tie~ HYD. DT. - HYDERABAD DISTRICT

DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS

District: Rangareddi Census Location Code No. 15 State: ADclhra Pradesh

District Region No. of villages No. of towns Area in km2 in region Population in reaion No., in each region in region/ ------(198 I) Name as evolved Name T R u T R u

1 2 3 .. s «) 7 a 9 10

Ranpreddi 3.11.2. t 341 villages 1 town 2 462.0) 2456.20 5.80 352 397 319 947 32 4'0 Tandur. (132 in Tandur. Tandur Pargi 46 in Marpalle. Forested 45 in Vicarabad Region and 118 in Pargi taluks)

3.11.2.2 146 villages 1 town 1 075.62 1 064.82 10.80 1" 910 165 173 20 737 Marpally­ (43 in MarpaJly, Vicarabad Vicarabad 63 in Vicarabad, Upland 19 in Pargi, 20 in Chevella and 1 in Shadna,ar taluk of Mabbubnaaar district)

3.11.2.3 207 villages .. towns I 175.00 1094.40 80.60 281 044 244074 36 970 'Musi·Musa (90 in CheveU. and 1. Budvel Valley 117 in Rajendranagar 2. Kukatpallc talnts) 3. Musapet •• Shamsbabad

3.11.2.4 J95 villages 10 towns 1231.00 1127'(0 104.00 553 498 lf6 651 q'" Medchal. (93 in Medchal talut~ I. Qutubu)la· Hayatbnagar 19 in Vallabhnagar pur Reaion and 83 in Hayath- 2. Machabo- nagar taluks) Jaram

111 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10

3. Alwal 4. Balanagar '. Bowenpalle 6. Fatbcnagar 7. Kapra 8. Yapral 9. Malkajgiti 10. G hatkeswar

3.11.2.5 163 villages No town 1 S~O.OO 1 SSO.()O 2(9213 209213 Maisaram- (65 in Maheswaram, Ibrabim- 27 in Hayath- patnam nagar and 71 in Region Ibrahimpatnam taluks)

132 REGION-WISE VILLAG~ CODES. 1981

District: Rangareddl Census Location Code No. 15 State: Andbra Pradesh

SI. Division Taluk Location Code Total No. of Area of Remarks No. Nnmber & No. of Census villages in Regional Name villages 1981 ------Division Divi- in km2 Taluk sion

1 2 3 4 6 7 8

1. 3.11.2.1 Tandur taluk 1 to 132 132 Code No. 60. 61. 80 are included Tandur-Pargi in Tandur town. Forested Region MarpalJy taluk 28 to 33, SO to 89 46 Code No. 34 to 49 are in reaion 3.1I.Z.2

Vicarabad taluk 37 to 49, 59 to 71., 45 Code No. 50 to 58, 73 to 90 are in 91 to 108 region 3.11.1.2

Pargi taluk 1 to 9, 17 to 31, 43 118 341 2 462.00 Code No. 10 to 16, 32 to 42. 61 to 60, 61 to 137 are in region 3.11.2.2

2. 3.1I.:U Marapally I to 27. 34 to 49 43 Code No. 28 to 3J are in reaion Marpally­ talut 311.2.1 Vicarabad Upland Vicarabad 1 to 36. 50 to 58 Code No. 37 to 49, 59 to 72 arc in tal uk 73 to 90 region 3.11,2.1 Code No. 3S, 51, '8 are merged with Vicarabad town.

Parai taluk 10 to 16, 32 to 42, 19 Code No. 17 to 31, 43 to (0 arc in 61 region 3.11.2.1

Chevclla taluk 13 to 17. 19, 35 to 20 Code No. 1~, 20 to 34, 46, 49 to 61 4$, 47, 4" 62 arC in region 3.11.2.3

Shainagar talut 39 1 146 1 075.62 (Mabbubnagar diltrict)

3. 3.11.2.3 Chevella taluk 1 to 12. 18, 20 to 34, 90 Code No. 13 to 17. 19. 35 to 4'•• 7. Musi-Musa 46. 49 to 61. 63 to 48, 62 are in regioD Valley 110 3.11.2.2

Rajendranagar 1 to 117 117 207 1 175.(0 Code No. 16, 17, 18 are merled talut with Kukalpalle, Moosa­ pellnd Budvcl tOWOI respectively, 89, 90 in Shamshabad, Code No. 1 is treated as 0.0 to BalaDasar (P) and 2 to KutatpaUe (P) townl.

133 1 1 3 4 6 9 8

3.11.2.4 Mcdchal talut I to 93 93 Code No. 77 i. merged with Qutb- '. Mcdchal- ullapur town. Hayatbnapr Region Vallabbnagar I to 19 19 Code No. 3 and 13 are treated as taJuk Out-Growths to Macha- Balaram and Alwal towns respectively.

Hayatbnaaar 1 to 20, 25 to 44, 83 19.5 I 231.<'0 Code No. 21 to 24. 45 to 47, 69 to taluk 48 to 68. 80 to 92, '19. ~3, 94 103 to 109 are 95 to 102. ItO in region 3.11.2.5. Code No. 4 is mer,ed with Gbatkeswar town and 32. 34. 56 are Out- Growths to Hyderabad cit, of Hyderabad district.

5. 3.1l.2.' Maheswaram 1 to 65 65 Maiser.m- talut Ibrabimpatnam Reaion Ibrabimpatnam 1 to 71 71 taluk

Hayathnagar 21 to 24. 45 to 47. 27 163 1 "O.CO Code No.2' to 44. 48 to 68, '0 to tal uk 69 to 79. 93, 94, 103 92, 95 to 102 are in re- to 109 glOD 3.11.2.4

134 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS

District: RangarOOdi CensDs Location Code No. 15 State : Andhra Pradcah

State District Division Name of Geology Soils Phy.io ·cultural Characteristic. Number &: Administrative Name Division

1 2 3 4 S 6 7

Andhra Rangareddi 3.11.2.1 Tandur. Archaean, USlaJfs, With a complex geological struc­ Pradesh Tandur - Marp .. Uy, Lower Palaeo· Uslalls- ture, the region shows the character Pargi Vicarabad zoic. Upper Tropepls of a dissected landscape. The Forested and Pargi Pre- Cambrian, and average height of the region in tho Region taluks Pleistocene Uslerls- northern part ranges between 400 and Laterites and Flullenls 600 mtrs and tbat in the southern Mesozoic- part between ~oo and 100 mtrs. with a Lower Tertiary. general slope towards the west. It is drained by the Kanga, Pedda vaau Pochamma vague Kollam vagu. Kakkareni and others forming a dendratic pattern of drainage. Des­ pite considerable agricultural land it is characterised by the open scrubs, stony waste, rock outcrops, boulders, rocky slopes. tiny ponds/tanks etc. Roughness of the surface may ob­ viously be marked under the forest patches. Vegetation cover com­ prises of the frequent patches of open and dense mixed jungles with Teak and miscellaneous species. Settlements are sparse, although those are of big size and lie parti­ cularly in agricultural areaa or be­ sides the perennial water bodies. The big ones are Indur, NagapaUi, Bar­ wad Dharur, Pargi, Doma Markal, Mohammadabad etc. Transport net­ work is mainly radial being radiated from Tandur.

3.1 J.2.2 MarpaIly, Mesozoic- U8la/fs This region i. altogether different Marpally­ Vicarabad. Lower Ter- and from the fOlmer one io its physio­ Vicarabad Chevella and tiaryand Uslerls cultural personality with an average Upland Pargi taluks Pleistocene height above 600 mtrs. a bove the mean and Shadnagar Laterites sea level and a general slope towards Taluk (Mahbub- the cast. Tbo only significant river nagar district) in this region is Musi. Other

135 1 2 3 4 s 6 7

seasonal streams/nalas form dendra tic pattern of drainage. More ruaged surface is observed in the northern rart marked with small hillocl!.s, stony waste, open scrubs, rock outcrops and rare patcbes of open mixed jungles. There is a considerable expansion of agricultural area. Settlements are almost evenly distributed with SParse dispersion. Bia settle- ments arc Patlur, Marpally, Pudur, Chincbalpat. "lur etc. Transport network is more developed in the eastern part comprising of rail and roads.

3.11.2.3 Chevella and Archaean U81erls Having an average height cf 600 Masi-Musa Rajendranagar and mhs. in the north and £60 mtrs. Valley taluks Mesozoic- in the east it is dra1ned by the Musi Lower river in the north and by Musa Tertiary naIa, Yenteru river, Brravadka. Boya vagu etc. in the south. Be­ Sides, the presence of the Osman salar and the Himayat sagar in the eastern part is also worth mentioning. Roughness of tbe surface is more obvious in the eastern part alonl with hillocks. rocky knobs, boulders elc. Altogether it shows a good expan·ion of agrlcaltural land some­ times interrupted by the patches of wastes, epen scrubs and a few ratches or stony waste. Settlements are almost even but sparse, Big ones are Dhobipet. Sbankarapalle. Gundipet, Mohina­ bad, Chevella, Shababad. Hayatabad, Shamsbabad etc. Transport net­ work is comprised of rails and roads and is considerably good.

3.1 1.7.4 Medchal, Archaean Ustalfs With a general slope towards Medchal- Hayatbnagar. and the east and the average height be. Hayatbnagar and Vallabb- USlalls - tweeD '00 and 600 mtrs. it is mainly Resion naaar taluks Tropepls drained by abe Musi river aDd its trjbutaties, viz., Shabmirpet vagu,

136 7 2 3 .. •

Etramulli vagu and others. DIstinc­ tive feature of this region is a marked abundance of ponds/ tanks (mostly seasonal) throughout the region. On the whole. it is characterised by relatively rugged ~ulf~, tocky k~. oou\dctt., rock outcrops, stony waste, hillocks, steep rocky slopes and significant patches of uncultivable land and opo scrubs. Settlements concentrate particularly in the agricultural patches and are ,andom. Bigger settlements are Dhundgol, Medchal, Aliabad Maula Ali, Ghatkesar, Hayathnaga; etc. Transport network comprises of rail and roads presenting a spinal pattorn radiating from Hyderabad.

3.11.2.5 Mabeswaram, Archaean, Vstalfs With a general slope towards Maisaram­ Ibrahimpatnam the east and ao average height bet­ Ibrahimpat. and Hayath- ween 500 and 700 mtrs. it is drained Dam Reaion nalar taluks by the Chinoa Musi river, Yellininetl vagu, Mula vagu and a few other seasonal streams and nalas along with numerous ponds/tanks (moltly seasonal). The region, in general, is characterised by the presence of boulders, rocky knobs, stony waste, rocky slopes, small hills, open scrubs etc. Surface configuration along the eastern and southern mar· gins is obviously marked with con­ siderable roughness owing to steep rocky slopel around the forest patches, hillocks and knolls. Signi. ficant forest patches (fairly dense mixed and open mixed) are dispersed throughout the region. Settlement dispersion is random; the settlements beiDa located preferably io agricul­ tural patches and on the transport routes. Bjg settlements are Amirpet, Maisaram, Nednoor, Kongara. Ibrahimpatnam. Raipol, Manchal, Gunjal, Yacharam. Chintapetta etc. Transport network is not satisfac· torily developed due to topographical problems.

131 lIVDERABAD DISTRICT

REGIONAL DIV1SIONS

'the district of Hyderabad is a part of tbe Telangana Thus, in view of its physiographic personality as Plateau 0.11.2) and is located approximately at the well as existing landuse pattern. the district bas been intersection of t 7°20' north latitude and 78°30' east lon­ sub-divided into two sub-micro regions as under- gitude. Being surrounded by Rangareddi district from all sides, it is entirely an urban dIstrict comprised of 4 3.11 2.1 West-South Hyderabad Urban Area taluks, viz., Golconda, Secunderabad. Mushirabad and 2 Lying along the western and southern margins of Cbarminar. It covers an area of 217 km aud a the district as a crecent, the region covers the parts of population of 2260702 persons (1981 Census). Golconda and Charminar taluks. It is characterised by rugged surface composed of hillocks, rocky knobs, The district as a whole is of urban sprawl. Accord­ stony waste, ponds/tanks and less occupance of built-up ing to 1981 Census it contains 61 villages which are areas, although built-up structures are visible at some included partly in Hyderabad Municipal Corpora­ tion and partly in other towns of Hyderabad district nuclei. such as Golconda Fort Area, Keshargiri, Saroornagar and Barkal. The region is developed on and hence there is no rural area in the district. the Archaean rocks with Ustalfs-Tropepts soil sub­ order association. Physiographically, it is characterised by an average elevation between SOO and 600 IDtrs. being the general 3.11.2.2 Hyderabad MUDicipal Corporation slope towards the east. The topography is rugged The region holds the major coverage extending over particularly in the eastern part. Quite contrary. the the parts of Golconda. Secunderabad. Mushlrabad and major part of tbe dIstrict in the east is ObVIOusly Charminar taluks. The Musi Clver runs through tbe noticed to have congested settlements under urban southern part and Hussain Sagar is the most signifi­ system of Hyderabad. cant water body in the centre of the region. A few smaller tanks ponds can also be dotted in the region. Drainage features of the district include the MUSi Its geology is Archaean and soil is UstaIfs-Tropepts. river as well as Hussain Sagar and Miralam tank. This region is distinguishable from its counterpart as Geologically. the district shows Archaean rocks it has a considerable coverage under compact built-up specified as cordierite gneiss. horn blend-biotite and area and the congestion of the built-up area is higher, unclassified crystallines. Soils of the district relate to particularly between the twin cities of H)'derabad and Ustalfs-Tropepts sub-order association. Secunderabad. 5''''"i) II> :t 0. • c: n i)" g_ CD :0 I 0 3 ~ :t o " (; " . o:0

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DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS

District: Hyderabad Census Location Code No. 16 State I Andhra Pradesh

District Region No. of villages No. of towns Area in km2 in region Population in region'" No.' in each region in region! ------(1981) Name as evolved Name T R U -----_.--- T R U

1 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 JO

Hyderabad 3.11.2.1 22 villages 5 Towns 85.00 ~5.00 West· South (9 in Golconda 1. Hyderabad M.C. Hyderabad and 13 in (Portion) Urban Area Charminar taluks) 2. Lalaguda (P) 3. Secunderabad cantonment 4. Osmania University S. Gaddi Annaram (P)

3.11.22 39 villages 132.00 132.00 Hyderabad (5 in Golconda, Municipal 1) in Secunderabad, Corporation 14 in Mushirabad and 7 in Charminar taluks}

Note:- The villages (61) in all these taluks are included partly in Hyderabad Municipal Corporation and partly in other towns of Hyderabad district and there is no rural area in the district, * Regionwise break. up of the population could not be v. or} ed out. 'J he total population of the district is 2 2(0 702 persons which is entirly urban.

141 RttION-WlSE VlttACE tobls, i981

Dfstrict: Hyderabad Ceusus Location Code No. 16 State: Andbra Pradesh

SI. Division Taluk Location code Total No. of Area or Remarks No. Number & No. of census villages in Regional Name villages 1981 ------Division Taluk Division in km2

1 2 3 4 6 7 8

L 3.11.2.t Golconda J, ~ to Q. 12, n, 9 Code No.2 to 4, 10, 11 are In West- taluk 14 reaion 3.11.2.2 South Hyderabad Urban Area

Charmlnar 3.4, " 10, 11, 13 13 22 85.00 Code No. 6 to 9, 12, are in rcaion taluk to 20 3.11.2.2 2. 3.' 1.2.2 Golconda 2,3, 4: 10, 11 5 Code No. S t09 are Hyderabad taluk In region Municipal 3.11.2.1 Corporation

Secundc- 1 to 11 II rabad taluk

Mushirabad 1 to J4 14 taluk

Charminar J, 2, 6 to 9. 12 1 39 132.00 Code No. talult 3 to 5, 10, 11 aro in region '.11.2.1

142 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS

DJstrlct: Hyderabad Ceasus .tocatfOD Code No. 16 State : Aodhra Pradesh

Physio-cultural Characteristics "laic District Division Name of Geology Soils Number &. Adminis- N8I&c trative Division

6 7 1 2 3 4

Ustalfs­ Lying on the soulh-western margin Hyderabad 3.11.2.l Golconda and Archaean Andhra rropepts of the district as the crescent the Pradcah West- Charminar South taluks region bears Archaean geology and Hyderabad red sandy soils. It shows an average Urban Area height between '00 ard 600 mtrs. General slope of the northern part tends towatds the south while that of the southern part towards the north culminating into Musi river from both the sides. PhYsiograpbicaJly, it is chlCacteri~ed by the ruged surface composed of hillocks. rocky knobs, stony waste. boulden. ponds/tanks and a few patches of vine trellis etc, There I. a less occupance of built-up area altholJlb built-up structures are visible at some nuclei such as Golconda Fort Area, Keshavglri, Saroornagar and Barkas settlements.

3.11.'.2 Golconda, Archaean Ustalfs-­ As the phYsical characterbtics the Hyderabad Sec;Jnderabad, rropepts region shows an average height Municipal Musbir.bad and between 5Of) and 540 rotrs. Musl Corporation Charminar river rUns throu,b t'tIe southern taluks plrt and Hussain Sagar is the most significant water body in the centre of the region along with a few smaller ' tank. /pnnds scattered randomly. There is a meagre scope left (or open apaces, orchards or the like, 1be regil'D as a whole sbows com­ Plct built-up area with intricate' \\eb of the roads street! aud )anel. Congestiol) in the built-up area is higher particularly between Hydera­ bad and Srcunderabad since the area lYing between the two i. C.B.D (core) of the town. The region as­ compared to others. offers better opportunities for vtlrious socio­ economic transactions within and beyond the region.

143 MEDAl: DISTRICT

REGIONAL DIVISIONS

Medak district is a part of the Telangana Plateau Usterts soil sub-order association is generally found (3.11.2). Forming part of Deccan table land the in western half with large extension of Orthents­ district lies between 17°27' and 18°19' North latitudes Tropepts in extreme western part of the district. and 77°28' and 79°10' East longitudes. It occupies an The climate is generally dry with hot summers. It area of 9 699 km! inhabiting 1807 139 persons as per receives an average annual rainfall of 885 mm. 1981 Census. It consists of 11 taluks. With an average height between 500 and 600 metres above the mean Keeping tbe physiographic characteristics of this sea level. tbe tC'pography of tbe district can be cba­ district into consideration as many as five sub-micro racterised by plain as wtll as upland/plateau. Signi­ regions can be delineated as follows: ficant areas of stony wa~te and boulder rocks charac­ terise tbe district with open scrubs and dry chanoels; 3.11.2.1 Narayankbed - Andole Plain ponds are quite frequent all over tbe district. A few ranges Jike that of Medak hills cross the district. In The region cut out from southern and eastern sides addition, isolated peaks and rocky clusters lie scattered· by Manjira river covers the whole of Narayankhed The billy areas are covered under reserved forests and Andole taluks. The Nizamsagar is located on comprising of maddi, cbinangi. satinwood, mahua. the middle of the northern border. The region is nim and abnus. The leaves of abnus are used for almost a plain with an average height of 500 metres making beedis and are important forest products of above the mean sea level. There are a few areas the district. of reserved forests located in the northern and southern region. Besides. stony waste and boulders Manjira, a tributary of river Godavari, is an are some of the other characteristics of the region. important drainage flowing in the district. It enters Open scrubs cover over scattered areas. Ponds are the district from the north-west and forms the boun­ numerous. most of these are dry-off the monsoon daries of Narayankhed. Andole, Zahirabad, Sada­ period. The north-eastern half is composed of Archa­ sivpet and Sangareddy taluks and then it flo'.'. s to­ ean gneisses while there occur deposits of Mesozoic­ wards the south-L'ast. A few kilometers ahead of Lower Tertiary period in the south-western half of the Sangareddy town the river changes its course and region. In genual, soils belong to Usterts sub-order flows towards the north forming the eastern and association. However, there are extensions of Orthents­ western boundaries of Andole and Narsapur taluks. Tropepts along the western border. The region The important Nizamsagar is constructed en this consists of 312 villages and 3 towns. Encompassing river in district Nizamabad. The other important an area of 2 150.00 km2 the region is inhabited by streams are Haldi and Kudalair flowing in the eastern 370 740 persoos of which 339 896 persons reside in half of the district. The district is composed of the rural and 30 844 persons in urban areas. Tbe distri­ oldest rock formations. i.e.,' Archaean gneisses and bution of population is moderate in comparison to those consisting principally of peninsular granite. The other regions of the district with a density of 172 2 western most part has large deposits of Mesozoic­ persons per km • Lower Tertiary rocks. Besides. in the south-western part Pleistocene-laterite is found between Manjira 3.11.2.2 Zahirabad Plain and Kagna rivers. The soils developed in t'be eastern half on Archaean gneisses are Vstalf. in the northern Lying in the south-western part of the district this part and Vstalfs-Tropepts in the southern part. region covers the whole of Zahirabad taluk and part 144 of Sadasivpet taluk. The region is a plain with its 3.11.2.4 Medak-Narsapuf Foreste4 Region major portion covered under sand and rocky wastes. With an average height of 600 metres it slopes from Being relatively higher in altitude (600 mts) with south-west to north-east. The river Manjira flows large forest covers this region Is obviously distinctive along the northern border of the region. Its small from the adjoining regions. It covers the parts of tributaries and channels join the river from south Narsapur, Medak, Ramayampet and GajwcJ taluks. dissecting the plain. Major part of the region is Pushpal and Baldi rivers with their tributaries flow developed on Pleistocene·laterite. A few patches of in this region from south·east to north-west and join Mesozoic-Lower Tertiary rocks also occur in lower rivcr Manjira which touches the region at its north­ areas. The main soils are Orthents· Tropepts while western corner. Geologically, the region has been there arc extensions of Usterts in the eastern part. developed on Archaean gneisses. Formed on disin­ Settlements are evenly distributed aod inter village tegrated material of parent rocks the soils in the distance is large. It contains 211 villages and 1 town. north-western half belong to Ustalfs sub·order asso­ Its total area is 1 600.00 km 2 which is inhabited by ciation while Tropepts are associated with Ustalfs in 253 062 persons of which 224 106 persons reside in the south-eastern part. There are large patches of rural and 28 956 persons in urban areas. The district reserved forests scattered over the region. These arc 2 has a density of 158 persons per km • open/dense mixed jungles of dry mixed decidUOUS type. Settlements are concentrated in relatively flat areas in lower elevations. The region consists of 3.11.2.3 Sangareddy-Patancberu-Hatnur Region 289 villages and 1 town (M edak). With an area of 2 224.00 km2 the region inhabits 372 503 persons of The region extends over an area comprising of which 343 926 persons reside in rural and 28 577 Sangareddy taluk and parts of Sad!sivpet, Narsapur persons in urban areas. The region has a density 2 and Medak taluks. River Manjira flows along the of 167 persons per km • north-western boundary of the region. Having an 3.11.2.5 Ramayampet-Gajwel-Siddipet Plain average height of 550 metres above the mean sea level The region lying in the eastern part of the district the region generally slopes towards the north. The consists of Dubbak and Siddipet taluks and part of region is prominently characterised by the frequent Gajwel and Ramayampet taluks. It is a plain region occurrence of ponds, dry channels. stony waste. boul­ having some forested area aDd scrubs 00 the one hand ders, open scrubs and rocky knobs. A few forest pat­ and hillocks and rocky waste on the other. River ches are seen in the north· easterrlPart of tbe regIon. The Kudalair flows through the central part of the whole region is made up of oldest rock types belong­ region from south-east to north.west. Its geology ing to Archaean period. Most part of the region has is Archaean. Ustalfs soils are found in the northern Usterts soils whereas Ustalfs-Tropep1s occur in some part of the region while Ustalfs-Tropepts occur in eastern part of the region. Settlements are evenly other part of the region. Settlements are of smaller distributed. It contains 198 villages and 4 towns. The size and sparse in their distribution. There are 255 region bas an area of 1 300.00 km2 inhabited by vjJJapes and 1 town located in the region. The total 344 434 persons as per 1981 Census. Of the total, area of the region is 2426.00 km2 which is inhabited 259 162 persons reside in rural and 8S 212 persons in by 466 400 persons of which 423 645 reside in rueal urban areas. OWIng to the existence of 4 urban and 42 755 in urban areas. The region ranks second centres the region shows the highest density of in the district in terms pf hs density of population population (265 persons per km2) in the district. (192 persons per km2),

145 CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 23

..I \ r------~------~ ANDHRA PRADESH MEDAK DISTRICT CENSUS CODE 17 REGIO NAL DIVISIONS 10 15 20 25

N KILOMETRES

R c A 0 o s D

:.::

<{ -~ i~ \ % v~

<{ \ it \ 2 a: ( C

3.11.2 .2 PLAIN R ZAH~ABAD 4 3 .11. 2.3 5ANGAREOOV~PATAN CH ERU ~ HAT NUR REGION G 4 R 3.11.2.4 ~EDAK-NARSAPuR I ORESTEO REGION 3.11. 2.5 RAMA'tAMPE1-GAJW - S100IPEl PLAIN

Boundary, Slol~

Boundary, District ··· SOIL S GEOLOGY 10010 10 0 10 BoundarY,Toluk "=±=! I=±=I KMS KMS Village' Hoving ') 000 And Abov e' population •

Urban AfrO

R oilway lire With Slollon,BfOtld Gaugt

Railway LiMWilh Slotion,Mttre Gauge National Highway . .. _5_"_ Stotr HIghway

Olhrr Important Roods

Rivrf

R.,IOOQIO"I"00 ...... ~~' . 111·2~. 2 .

ARCHAEAN (9) Macro------~

MC'so ------= =­ • MESOZOIC-LOWER ~ 6\ ORTHENTS - TROPEPIS ~ TERTIARY (12) Micro------~--=-

Sub-Micro With Boundary------...:, . •. Gm 92 USTERTS 0 . PLEISTOCENE m Boundaty,FoUst ______------[Read tht sequ(nc€ of rt9ional divisions wilh rattl'Cf! 10 the 011 Il'dia map codes up 10 3 t~~

147

DATA ON RECIONAt DIVISIONS

District : Medak Census Location Code No. 17 State: AoAra Pradeslt

',to' District Region No. of villages No. of towns Area in km2 in xeaion Population in region No.1 in each region in region/ ------(1981) Name as evolved Name T R U ------T R U

1 .2 3 4 6 7 8 9 lO

Medak 3.11.1.\ 311 villages 3 towns 2 150'00 2 UI.59 31.41 370740 339896 30844 Narayankhed-(139 in Narayankhed 1. Narayankhed Andole Plain and 173 in Andole 2. Andole taluks) 3. Shankarampet

3 .. t.2.'l 2\1 viiI ages 1 town 1 600.00 1 594.81 5.19 253 062 224106 28956 zahirabad (172 in Zahirabad Zahirabad Plain and 3' in Sadasiv­ pettaluk9)

3.1I:2.3 198 villages 4 towoa 1 300.00 I 264.03 3'-91 344 414 ZS9 162 U 271 Saogareddy- (38 in Sadasivpet, I. Sangareddy pataocheru- 72 in Sangareddy. 2. Sadasivpet Hatnur Region '78 in Nanapur 3. Patancheru and 10 in Medak 4. Ramachandra­ tatuka) puram

3.11.'-4 R89 villages 1 town 2 22".00 2 219.00 S.OO 372 503 343 926 28 S77 Mcdak­ (81 in Narsapur. Medak Narsapur 32 in Medak. 92 Forested in Ramayampet aDd Region 84 in Gajwel taluka)

3.1 U.S 25' villages 1 town 2 416.00 2 412.66 U.34 466 400 423 H5 42755 Ramayampet- (8S in Gajwel, 19 Siddipot Gaiwel- in Ramayampet. Siddtpet 77 in Dubbak and 14 Plain In Siddipet tatuka)

149 REGtON-WISE-VILLAGE conES. 1981

District: Medak Census Location Code No. 17 State: Andhra Pradesh

51. Division Taluk Location code Total No. of Area of Remarks No. Number & No. of census villaacs in Regional Name villages 1981 Divi.ion Taluk Division in km2

1 4 s 6 7 8

J. 3.11.2.1 Narayan­ 1 to 139 139 Code No. 106 is included in Narayan­ kbed taluk Narayankbed town. khed­ Andole Andole I to 173 173 312 2 BO.OO Code No. 139, 140 are included Plain taluk in Andole (10,ipet) and in Shankarampet towns. 2. UI.1.1 Zahirabad 1 to 172 172 Code No. 104 is partly merged in Zabirabad taluk Zabirabad town. Plain

Sadalivpet· 1 to 29, 41 to 39 211 16QO.00 Code No. 30 to 40 are in region taluk ,0 3.1I.2.J

3. '.11.2.3 Sadaslvpet SO to 40, 51 to 38 Cede No. 41 to SO, are in region Sanga. tal uk 77 3.11.2.2 Code No ,.5 Is reddy­ partly merged W!tb Sada­ Patancberu­ sivpet town. Batnur Sansared- I to 72 72 Code No. 20,21 are included in San­ Resion dy taluk aarcddy, S, in Patancberu and 66. partly in Rama­ chandrapuram towns. Nar.apur J,~, 12 t.3'. 78 Code No.3 to U, 32 to 68, 85 to talnk 69 to '4, 110 to 10',129 to 137, 149 are iD 128, 138 to 148, region 3.11.2.4 1'0 to 1S9

Mcdak 33 to 42 10 198 1300.00 tatnk

4. 3.tt.'" Narsapur 3 to lI, 32 81 Code No. 12 to 31, 69 to 84, 110 Medak­ taluk to 68, U to 109, to UB, 138 to 14B are in Narsapur H9 to 137, 149 region 3.11,2.3 Forested R.esiOD Mldak 1 to 32 32 Code No. 18 i. mer,ed with Mcdall taluk town. 150 ; 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Rarnayampet 1 to IS. 27 to 92 Code No. 16 to 26.44 to 48, 70 to tal uk 43.49 to 69, 72 are in region 3.tI.'.' 73 to 111

Gajwel 23 to 41. 53 to M 289 1224.00 Code No. 42 to 52. 73 to 9:1, 13l taluk 72, 93 to 130, to 157 are in reaion 1~8 to 164 3.11.2.S

5. 3.11.2.5 Oajwel J to 22. 42 to 8S CoCe No. 23 to 41, 53 to 72, 93 to Ramayampet-taluk '2. 73 to 92. 131 130, 1'8 to 164 are ill Gajwel - to '''. 16' to region 3.11.2.4 Siddipet 169 Plain Rarnayampet 16 to 26. 44 to 19 Code No. '2.7 to 43, 49 to 69 are in taluk 48. 70. 71. 71. legion 3.11,2.4

Dubbak 1 to 77 97 talull!

Siddipet ~ taluk l_toJ4 74 25' 2426.00 Code No. 22 is partly merged with Siddipet town.

151 STATEMENT ON REGiON-WISE rifYstO·cutTURAt DEtAIt~

District : :Medak CensDs Location Code No. 17 State; Andbra Pradesb

State District Division Name of Geology Soils Physio"cultural Characteristics Number &; Adtninisttative Name Division I 2 3 • S 6 7

Andhra Medak 3. \1.2. \ Narayankhed Archaean Orthenta·- Tbe average height of the region Pradesh Nara} an­ and Andole and Mesoz- Tropepts is between 484 and ~l!6 mtrs. khed­ tdluks oic-Lower and A few patche. of forests are Andole Plain Tertiary Uslerts Icon. Two important rivers that flow in the r::lgion are the Manjira and Nalla vagu. Many tanks. well. and ca nals are also seen. State Highway a nd impor­ tant roads pass tbrough thi S legion. Tbe region is havina three towns­ Narayankhed, Shankarampet and Andole. Settlements are sparsely located.

3.11.2.1 Zabirabad and Pleistocene, Orthents­ The average height is between Zahirabad Sadasivpet and Tropepts '" and 633 mlrs. It Is a plain region. Plain taluks Mesozoic­ and The MaDjira river flows on the Lower Vst.rts northern side of tbe region with Tertiary its tributaries. Naranja vagu is another stream tbat drains tbe region Amajor portion of the region is covered with sand and rocky waste, Kuntas and wells are the main sources of irrigation. This region has both roads and railway facilities. Zahitabad is the only town located in the region. Settlements arc sparsely located.

3.11:l.3 Saaaaivpet. Arehaean UsleTts. The average height of the region is SaDJIU"eddy­ SaDgareddy. Ustalfs and 561 mtrs. In this region Manjira is Patancberu­ Narsapur Ustalf,­ the main river. Some tanks and Hatnur and Medak Tr()pepts wells are the sources of Irrila_ Region taluks tion. Commuoication and trans­ port facilities aro develoPed. Settlements are spread sparsely. The region is having 4 town. namely. Sangareddy. Sadasivpet, Patanchoru and Ramachandrapuram.

3.\1.2 •• N8r~apur, Archaean Ustalfs and The average height is .599 mtr. Medak­ Medak, Uslalfs­ 'Ihe area is mostly covered with Narsapur RamayaDlpet Trop,pts forests. Some rocky areas are Forested and Gajwel also found in this region. Pushpal B.eaion taluka and Haldi are important rivers that Bow through this region. Many tanka, ,trcama aod canala are the IOUre.s of irrilation. Transport

152 1 2 3 4 s 6 7

facilities are developed. Two medium irrigation projects. viz.. Mahabuhar Project and Rajaopalle Project are located tbere. Settlements are random distributed. Medak is the only town 10Gatcd in this region.

3.11.2.5 Oajwel. Archaean USlalis and It is a plain region having somo Ramayam­ Ramayampet, Ustal/s­ patches of forests. scrubs and hillocks pet­ Dubbalt and Trop,pls Numerous ponds, tanks and streams Gajwel­ Siddipet taluks are seen in this region. Kudaliar is Siddipet the important river that flows in this Plain region baving small streams 8S fts tributarie.. Tanks, kuntas and wells are tho main irrilation sourees. This region is having only one town, viz. Slddipet. The other important lettle­ ments are Dubbak, Ramayampet and Narayanaraopet. NIZAMABAD DISTRICT

REGIONAL DIVISIONS

Nizamabad district is a part of the Telangana wood, nallamadi, yeppa, bijasal and tarwar. The Plateau (3.11.2). It lies between 18°5' and 19°0' of the forest products like timber, bamboo and beedi leaves northern latitudes and 77°40' and 78°37' of eastern yield good revenue. longitudes. Occupying an area of 7956.00 km2 the district inhabits 1 679 683 persons as per 1981 Census. Based on all these physio-geographical characteris­ Situated in the tableland of the Deccan, the district tics the district has been divided into following seven consists mostly of plains in the western and eastern sub-micro regions. areas. The canals and tanks and the green hills with boulders toppling one over the other and some times 3.11·2.1 Bbeemgal Plain standing queerly balanced, in the central parts, present a picturesque spectacle. Isolated peaks of more than The region lying in the north-eastern part of the 600 metres height and rocky clusters occur frequently. district is comprised partly of Bheemgal and Nizama­ bad taluks. It is a level plain mainly drained by the River Godavari flows along the northern boundary Pedda vagu a tributary of river Godavari, Kappai of the district. It is joined by river Manjira which vagu and other seasonal streams. The southern part enters the district from southern part of Yellareddy is relatively higher and rough. The height decreases taluk and flows mainly in northern direction in the towards the north. Significant areas of dense mixed western part of the district. Nizamsagar dam near foreats mainly of teak exist in the eastern and southern Achampet in Banswada taluk is constructed on river portions of the region. Mainly it is composed of A~haean rocks. A few patches of the Deccan trap Manjira. Pedda vagu is another important river flowing in the eastern part of the district in northern of Mesozoic-Lower Tertiary period al~o occur in direction. The district is mainly composed of Archaean southern part of the region. Ustalfs soils are found gneisses. A large patch of Deccan trap belonging to throughout the region. Settlement dispersion is Mesozoic-Lower Tertiary periods along with some random. The northern part is It.ai[lly inhabited while occurrence of Pleistocene laterite is found in western settlements are sparse in the southern half. It is entirely a rural tract and has only 102 villages. Its parts of Kamareddy and Domakonda taIuks and total area is 1 410.00 km 2 which is inhabited by 186321 northern part of Yellareddy taluk. A few scattered rural population. Population concentration is patches of these rock types also occur in western part not high in this part of the district and the region of Madnur taluk and eastern part of Bheemgal taluk. shows a density of 132 persons per km2• The eastern half of the district consists of Ustalfs soil sub-order association while Usterts occur in the 3.11·2.2 Kamareddy-Domakonda Plain western half besides a large area in the western part of Madnur tal uk falling under Orthents-Tropepts The region located in the south-eastern corner of sub-order association. The climate of the region the district covers the parts of Kamareddy and Doma­ is characterised by hot summer and is generally konda taluks. It is almost a level plain drained dry except durins south·west monsoon. The district by the Manner river which originates from the region. receives comparatively good rainfall in the area which Manner reservoir constructed On this river is located is 1 288 mm average annual. Considerable area in the south-eastern border of the region. The region falling under forests also attracts rains in this district. slopes towards the east. The general physiography The forests are mainly spread over the central part of is represented by perennial tanks/ponds; stony waste the district. These are southern tropical dry deciduous and scrubs are numerous. The forests are common mainly including the species of teak, ebony. black- in the northern portion. Extensions of some reserved 1'54 forests are also seen in the south-western part of the The general slope is towards the north. Tbe northern region. The region has been developed an Archaean part of the region is agricultural while the southern is sneisses. Along the western border a few extensions rugged and is having patches of reserved forests, open of Mesozoic-Lower Tertiary rocks alongwith some mixed jungles. stnny waste, open scrubs and rocky lateritic formatIons are observed. The soils are red areas. The region is mainly composed of Archaean landy. red loamy belonging to Ustalfs sub-order associa­ rocks. In some western pa rts the Deccan trap of tion. The region contains 126 villages and 1 town. Its Me,ozoic-Lower Tertiary period also occurs. Ortbents­ total area is I 029.00 km2 which is inhabited by 244 ,34 Tropepts soil sub-order association occupies most perlons of which 211 486 persons reside in rural and part of tbe region while extension of Usterts is found 33 048 in urban areas. Settlements are mainly con­ in tbe eastern part Settlements are mainly concen­ centrated in the middle part of the region. The trated in the western half of the region and are sparse region has a density of 237 persons per km2 which is in distribution. It contains only 154 villages. Having 2 relatively higher in the district. an area of 91700 km tbe region is inhabited by 148 2St persons residing in rural areas. The region has 2 3.11.1.3 YeJIareddy Woodland a density of 162 persons per km •

The region extending over the central part of the 3.ll.l·S Banswada-Bodhan Tract district includes Yellareddy taluk and parts of Doma­ tonda. Kamareddy, Nizamabad and Banswada taluks. The region bounded by river Manjira from south Signif'ying to its name large area is covered under and west extends over the parts of Banswada and forests mainly of teak. ebony, blackwood, nallamadi, Bodhan taluks. It is a level plain witb agrarian bijasal and tarwar. The surface is uneven composed character showing an average height between 340 and of' rocky knobs, boulders stony waste and open scrubs. 380 metres. Some parts in the eastern margin of the With an average heigbt ranging between SOO and bOO region present uneven topograpby characterised by metres tbe region slopes towards soutb. Nizamsagar rocky and stony waste, hillocks. open and dense scrubs constructed on river Manjira and one of the important with a few extensions of reserved forests. There are water bodies of tbe state is located on the southern numerous perennial tanks in the region. The whole margin of the region. Most part of tbe region is com­ region is composed of Archaean gneisses. The soil posed of Archaean gneisses while Mesozoic-Lower sub-order association found tbroughout tbe region is Tertiary rocks alongwith patches of Pleistocene laterite Usterts. Settlements are evenly distributed and are occur along the north-eastern part. Usterts soil sub­ compact. The region consists of 142 villages and 2 order association occupies the major area of the towns. With an area of 954.00 km2 the region region. A small area in the eastern part has Ustalfs inhabits 297692 persons. Out of total, 232659 soils. Settlements are small and randomly dispersed. persons reside in rural and 65 033 persons in urban It contains 192 villages and 1 town. With an area of areaS. The concentration of popUlation is higher in 2 040.70 km! the region is inhabited by 207 825 the region and it ranks second in terms of density 2 persons. Of the total. 197 354 persons reside in (312 persons per km }. rural and 10 471 persons in urban areas. The con­ centration of population is low and the region is the 3.11.2.6 Nizamabad - Armur Plain least populated in the district with a density of 102 persons per kmt. The region lying beside the Godavari Basin covers 3.11.2.4 Madour Plaill the parts of Nizamabad, Armur and Bheemgal taluks. It is an agricultural plain with an average hdght The region comprising of Madnur taluk and parts ranging between 320 and 440 metres. The patches of Banswada taluk lies in the south-we~tern part of of open scrubs. stony and rocky wastes are prominent the district. The region is almost plain and mainly over the region. A few patches of forests occur drained by Manjira river which forms the eastern between Nizamabad and Armur towns. The region boundary of the region. Among the tributaries of is composed of Archaean rocks. Mainly Ustalfs soils Manjira, Kaulas vagu is important which enters the are found in the region. In western parts, Usterts region in ita south-western corner and flows in the also occur in some areas· Settlements are evenly central part of the region in north-castern direction. distributed. The central part has relatively larger 15S IS OF INDIA

«0 ANDHRA PRADESH «OJ o 0 S ~ T NIZAMABAD DISTRICT 2 R

CENSUS CODE 18 \ "'f- REGIONAL DIVISIONS 1" 10 IS 20 25 '1J KILOMETRES .;- -> -r. 1" Gl J> :0

E E M G B~i' H 3.11 2 1

o

'\ o C ~ R % 3.112.1 BHEEMGAL PLAIN 1 '6> 3.11 .2.2 KAIMREOOY - DOMAKONDA PLAIN S ~ 3.112 .3 YELLAREDDY WOOD LA NO o 3.1124 MAONUR PLAIN Boundary, Slate 3.11.2.5 BANSWADA - BDDHAN TRACT 3.11.2.6 NIZAMABAD-ARMUR PLAIN Boundary, District" 3.11.2.7 GDDAVARI BASIN Boundary, TaluK .. ,.

Village hovir,g 5000 nnd above popUlation • GEOLOGY SO I L 5 Urban Area '~_Ll '~O Ro i [way line wi,lh Stalion, Melr" .iOJgt! KMS KM S

Notional Highway -!l!:!1....

State Highway .. " _ S_H_

Other Im;.orTof>1 P.oods

RegIOnal DIv Is ion" 3. 11 2 t. Mocro. ___ _ .---- . -----~ ~ l;; Meso __ ~ _ _. ______. _ .__ .~ _ ~_....JI !' Micro __ ------~ Sub - Micro with Bounqa ry _____. ______d., ~7USlolfS BoundorY,Forest ___ ~ ____ _ m610rthenfs , Tr0p~p!s (Read the seqUl2nce of regional diVISions With ref2ferlce to the all Ind ia map codes up to) tier] ~92U:'l::rl"

157

DATA ON REGIONAL DMSIONS

District : Nlzamabad Census Location Code No. 18 State: Andhra Pradesh --- District Regil)D No. of villages No. of towns Area in kmB in reaion Population in region No., in each region in region I (1981) Name as evolved Name ------T It U ------T R U

t 2 3 .. 7 8 9 10

Nizamabad 3.11.2.1 102 villages No town I 410.00 1 410.00 186 321 186321 Bheemgal (79 in Bheemgal Plain 23 in Nizamabad and talus)

3.11.2.2 126 villages 1 town 1 029.00 1 022.10 6.90 244 ~34 211 486 33 C48 Kamtreddy- (66 in Kamareddy Kamareddy Domakonda and 6() in Doma- Plain konda taluks)

3.11.2.3 192 villages 1 town 2040.70 2030.00 10.70 207815 191354 10471 Yellareddy (45 in Banswada. Yellareddy Woodland 16 in Nizamabad, 120 In Yellareddy. 4 in Kamareddy and 7 in Domakonda taluks)

3.11.2.4 154 villages No town '17.CO 917.00 148 251 148 251 Madnnr (112 in MadnuI and Plain 42 in Banswada taluks)

3.1'.2.05 142 villages 2 towns 954.00 923.60 30.40 297692 232 659 65033 Banswada- (109 in Bodhan and 1. Bodban Bodhan Tract 33 in BanslVada 2. Banswada taluks)

3.tt.2.6 HiO villages 2 towns 1 196.71 I 14&.00 55.11 527168 320 468 2(16 700 Nizamabad- (85 in Nizamabad, 1. Armur Armur Plain 6S in Armur '2. Nizamabad and 10 in Bheemgal taluks)

3.1U.1 46 villaaes 1 town 401.69 406.00 2.69 67892 to 491 7401 Godavari (4 in Bodban, 10 Sri Ram Balin in Nizamabad, Sagar Project 27 in Armur and S R.P. Colony in Bheemgal talukt)

119 REGION-WISE VILLAGE CODES, 1981

Dislriet : Nizamabad Census Location Code No. 18 State' Andhra Pndesb

!:II. DivisIon Taluk Location code Total No. of Area of Remarks No. Number & No. of census villages in Regional Name villages 1981 ------DIvision Taluk Division in kID'

1 2 3 4 S 6 7 a

1. 3.11.2.1 Bheemgal 6 to 11, 17 to 24, 30 79 Code No. 12 to 16, ~ to 29 arc in Bbeemgal taluk to 94 region 3.11.2.6 Plain

Nizamabad 77 to 81, 102 to 111, 23 102 1 410.00 Cod. No. 82 to 89, 94 to JOl, 112, taluk 120 to 1.l.5. 133, 134 1J4, 116, .17 are in region l.U.2.6 Code No. 90 to 93, 113, U5, 118, 119, 126 to 132 are in reaioo 5.'1.2.3 2. 3.11.2.2 Kamareddy- 1 to 62, 67 to 70 66 Code No. 63 to 66 are in region Kam reddy- taluk 3.11.2.3 Domakonda Code No. S6 rully and 54 partly are Plain mer,ed WIth Kamareddy tOWD.

60 126 Domakonda I to 24,29 to 47, 51 1 029.00 Code No, 25 to 28, 48 to 50 are ill ta/uk to 67 re,ion 3.1).2.3.

3. 3.11.2.3 Banswada 1 to 13, 27 to 39. 51 45 Code No. J. to 26, .0 to '0." to 6'. YIUareddy taluk to ~ 4, 62, 113, 64, 74 6',66 are in rl,ioD '.11.2.' woodland to 77, 94 to 99, US. aDd Code l'Io. 67 to 73, 116 78 to 9 1, 100 to 114 are ill rellon 3.11.2.4

Nizamabad 65,90 to 93, 113, 1]5, 16 Codo No. 66 to 76, 82 to 89, 94 to taluk 118. 119, H6 to 132 JOI, 112, 114, 116, 117. are in re,ion 3.11.2.6 aDd Code No. 77 to 81, 102 to Ill, 120 to l~ are in J'CIlon 3.11.2.1 Yellateddy 1 to 120 120 Code No. 73 is Includecf fA YeDa- taluk reddy tOWD. Kamareddy 63 to 66 4 taluk Domakonda 25 to i8, 48, 49, 50 7 192 2040.70 Code No. 29 to 47 are .m haio. taluk 3.11.2.2 J to 112 lJ2 4. 3.11.2.4 Madnur Madnur taluk Plain Banswada 67 to 73, 78 to 93. 100 42 154 9 1'7.00 Code No. 74 to 77, 94 to 9', U5, ta,uk to 114, jJ7 to J20 are U6 ill reaiOD J.I1.2.5 S. 3.11.2.5 Bodban 4 to 10, 12 to 113 109 Code No. II is in re,iOJ'J 3.11.2.7 Banswada- taluk Cod. No. 30 and 31 art partly Bodhan merlcd witlli BodUa Tract Iowa. 1" 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 8

Banswada 14 to 26, 40 to SO, 33 142 954.00 Code No. 27 to39, 51 to 54, 62 to talule S5 to 61, oS, 66 64 are in relioa 3.11.2.3 Code No. 60 is included in Ban&wada tOWD.

6. 3.11.2.6 Nizamabad 10 to 23. 2S to 64. 8S Code No. 24 i. in re,lon UI.I2.7, Niwnabld- taluk 66 to 76. 82 to 89, and Code No. 65,90 to Armur ,lain 94 to 101, 112, 114, 93. 113. US are in reJiOD 116, 117 3.11.2.3 and Code No 77 to II, IO~ to 1& 1 arCl In relion 3.11.2.1 Code No. 6i. 68, 19 are merpd with Nlzamabad tOWD.

Armus 12 to 18, 33, 34, 35, 6S Code No. 19 to 32. 36, 39 are fa taluk 37. 38, 40 to 92 region 3.11.2.7 Code No. 74 is included in Armur lown,

Bheemgal 12 to 16, 2S to 29 10 HO 1 196.71 Code No. 17 to 24, 30 to 94 are in talule region 3,U.2.1

7. 5.11.2.V Bodban I, 2.3, 11 4 Code No.4 to 10 are in rqioD Godavari taluk 3.11.l.S Basla Nizamabad 1 to 9,24 10 Code No. 10 to 23 are in reaioo taluk 3.1;.2.6 Armur 1 to 11, 19 to 32, 27 Code No. 12 to 18, 33 to 3S, 37. taluk 36,.39 38 are in reaion 3.11,2.6 Code No 24, 25, 26, 17 are partly included in !qat Project Sri Ram Towlllhip. :Bheemgal I to S 5 46 408.69 taluk

161 stATEMENT ON REGION-WtSE PHYSIO-ctJtTURAt DETAtLS

District: Nizamabad Census Location Code No. 18 State: Andbra Pradesh ------______.------~tate District Division Name of Geology SOils Physio-cultural Characteris tics Number & Administrative Name Division

1 :2 3 4 S 6 7

Andhra Nizama­ 3. t1.1.t Bbe'!mgal and Archaean and Ustaifs rt is physiograpbicaU, an almost Pradesh bad Bheem2at Nizamabad Mesotoic- level plain with an average Plain taluks Lower beight of 300-600 mIra. sloping Tertiary towards the north. It is drained by the Pedda vagu. Kappai vigu and other seasonal natas. Significant patches of dense mixed forests (especially of teak) exist in the east and tbe south. Settlement dispersion is random. Big settle­ ments arc Bheemgal, Mortad, Turti, Dharpalle, SimapaUi etc. Tran,poct network is better in western part.

3.11.2.2 Kamateddy and Archaean Ulltalfs The average height of the Kamareddy­ Domakonda and region ranges between '00 and 600 Domakonda taluks Mesozoic­ mtcs. Sloping towards tbe east Plain Lower it is also almost a level plain and j; Tertiary drained by Manner river and other nalas. Numerous perennial tanb! ponds, patches of stony waste and scrubs also represent its phYsiogra. phy. Forests are COmmon in the north and north-eastern part. Settle:­ ment dispersion is almost even; the big ones beini located on the (rans. port routes. These are DomaJconda. Kamareddy. Deoni, Rajampet. Bibipet etc. Transport network is spinal which originates from Kamareddy.

3.11,2.1 Yellareddy. Mesozoic­ Usterts and The region shows an uneven Yellareddy Domakonda. Lower Ustalfs surface composed of rocky koobs, Woodland ltamareddy. Tertiary, boulders, open scrubs etc. Sloplo, Nizamab.d Pleistoceno towards the louth, it har an and Ban.wada and Archaean average heisht between 500 and 600 taluks mtrl, It is drained b,. numerous

102 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

perennial seasonal channels alona with some significant water boctie!, viz, Nizamsagar. It has a predominant coverage of forests (open and dense mixed with teak). Settlements are small/hamlated and randomly dispersed. The bigger ones are Jalapur, Mohammad nagar, Sangareddipet. Gandhari, Indalral etc. Transport network is poorly developed.

3.11.2.4 Madnut and Archaean Orthents - The region shows an average Madnul Banswllda and Tropepts height between 400 and 500 mtrs. Slo­ Plain taluks Mesozoic- and ping tow3lds the north, it is mainly Lower Usterts drained by the Manjira river with Tertiary its tributaries, viz., Lqndikanlor vagu, Nalla vagu etc. Northern part of the region is mainly agricultural \'I hlle the southern part is rugged sbo~ing the significant patches of open mixed jungles (teak), stony waste, open scrubs, rocky slopes. tiny ponds etc. Settlement!! are almost evenly dispersed although sparse. Big ones are Mad our, Jukal, Kanlas, Bicbkunda, Pulkal etc. Transport network is fair.

3.11.2.5 Banswada and Archaean Usterls Tho region is a level plain Banswada- Bodhan taluks with agrarian character showins Bodhan an average height between 300 Tract and 340 mtrs. and a slope towards the north. It is drained by the Manjira river with its tributaries (Baldi and Gundla vagu). Distinc­ tive features of the region are an obvious presence of perennial ponds, rocky slopes, stony waste, hillocks, open and dense scrubs etc. Vegetation specifically pertaIns to palm, palmyra, etc. Settlements are almost evenly dispersed and are of bigger size. The important ones Bre Saloora Pentokurnol, Kotgiri, Kudrur, Birkur, Durki etc. Transport network is comparatively developed'

163 I 2 3 s 6 7

3.".1,6 Nwmabad. Archaean Usta/fo It is almost a plain with ID Nbaa.bad- ArmUl and and averale heiaht ben~een 320 and 440 ArmUl Plain Bheem.al Ust"ts mtra. It slope. toward tho north. taluka T ,ero are many tanka in the region. viz., Gordanani, Abriapatnam, Ralhunath, Masan. Khanjer and Marchipp.. Frequent Ind valt patches of OPOD .crubs, stony waste and rocky knobs etc. _re tho obvious features. A few patches of forests occur betwlcD Nlzlma­ bad Ind Armur. SettlemCJIts .ro spane. Tho biager .ettlement arc Binda, Nandipct, Khudampur, Yetmal, Allur and Balkond •• Trlnl­ port network is better in the e.stern half of the reilon.

5.11.2.7 Niumabld. Archaean Usterts This region is almost plain Godavari Armur and drained by Godavlri river and ita Basin Bbeemgal taluks tributaries. Settlements arc concent. rated on the bank of Godavari river. Transport network is Dot very developed.

164 ADILABAD DISTRICT

REGIONAL DIVISIONS

Adilabad is a part of the Telangana Plateau (3.1 1.2) topograpby along the soutbern and western margin•• and is situated in the northern most part of the state. Reserved forests are also seen in th se areas. Its geology Lying approximately betwern 18·40' and 19° 56' north is characterIsed by Upper Pre-Cambrian rocks in the latitudes and 77° 46' and 800 0' east longitudes it eastern and Mesozoic-Lower Tertiary rocks in the occupies an area of 16 128 km2 and a population of western part. As regards soils the western part I 639003 persons 0981 Census). The district is exhibits Orthents-Teopepts while the eastern part is constituted by II taluks. Its physical boundaries are under Usterts-Tropepts_ Settlements are distributed formed by the Peoganga and Wardha rivers on the evenly and are sparsely located throughout the land· north. Pranhita river on the east and Godavari river scape. There are 174 villages and 1 town_ Covering on the south. Physiographically. an average height of a total aeeas of 1 (JOO 00 km! which is inbabited by 150-300 metres is noticed in the northern, north­ 173 709 persons of which 120 221 persons reside in eastern and eastern parts while tbat of 300·600 metres rural and 53 482 persons in urban areas. The region in the rest part. The area occupied by the Satmala has a density of 174 persons per kms. hill range traversing from north-west to south-east in the middle of the district is. however, con· 3.11.22 Satmala Hill Tract siderably higher i e .• 600-1 200 metres. General slope of the district tends to the east. The Archaean rocks Lying horizontally in the south of the former region, predominate in the southern part and Mesozoic-Lower the region covers the parts of AdiJabad. Boath and Tertiary formations in the western half of the district. Utnur taluka. It has a distinctive identity with rugged The eastern half of the district is noticed to exhibit topography. hills. scrubs. dry channels. forest patches significant coverage under Upper Carboniferous-Lower etc. Prominent geological formation relate to Mesozoic-­ Triassic and Middle Triassic-Lower Cretaceous forma­ Lower Tertiary period in most part patched with tions alongwith some stray areas of Archaean, Upper Pre· Cambrian and Lower Palaeozoic-Upper Pre­ Archaean rocks in the middle of the region. Soils in Cambrian rocks. Spatial variation in tbe soils is least the western SIde are Orthents· Tropepts and Usterts­ Tropepls in the major eastern part. The region is not pronounced in the district since Usterts soils occupy significantly developed. Settlements are smaller in size almost all the dIstrict area excluding a narrow stnp and distnbuted sparsely. Tota] number of villages of Orthents-Tropepts along the we~ tern margin of the in the region comes to be 320 inhabited by 22S 322 district. The district has 8 signJficant coverage ~nearJy rural population over an area of 2 625 km2 making 40 per cent area) under teak forests. 2 thereby a density of only 87 persons per km • On the basis of the spatial variation in the physio- geographica] elements of the district tbere have been 3.11.2.3 l'Tfrmal HOI Tract carved out eIght sub-micro regions as follows- ExtE'ndinJ! over the parts of Boath, Nirmal. Utnur 3.11.2.1 Adilabad -Penganga Region and Khanllpur taluks this region stands in continuity with the former hill tract in view of its physi.cal -egion is located in the extreme north in the character. It is however, mostly covered with dense .strict and covers the major part of Adilabad taluk. mi~ed jun~tes. A ]ittle cultivated land, rough' topo:. River Penganga touches the region on the Borthem gr~phy. scattered hillocks etc. are the other obvious side. With a slope towards the north it is mostly flat features. Geologically, most part of the region (east) and cultivable, excepting for some areal of rough Is under Archaean rocb and the remaining western \ A H

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Disttict : Adllabad Census Location Code No. 19 State: Andhra Pradesh

District Region No. of villages No. of towns Area in kmz in region Population in region No., in each region in regionj -_------(1~81) Name as evolved Name T R U ------T R U

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Adilabad 3.11.2.1 1 74 villages 1 town 1 000.00 979.90 20.10 173 709 120227 53482 Adilabad- (174 in Adilabad 1. Adilabad Penganga taluk) Region

3.11.2.2 320 villages No town 2 625.00 2 625.00 - 228 322 228322 Satmala Hill (36 in Adilabad, Tract 118 in Boath and 166 in Utnur taluka)

3.11.2.3 1 36 V ilIages No town 2 128.00 2 128.00 - 82615 82615 Niemal Hill (52 in Boath, Tract 3 in Utnur, 38 in Nirrnal and 43 in Khanaput' taluks)

3.11.2.4 219 villages 2 tOWDS 1 625.00 1 601.50 23.50 261 910 197402 64 508 Bhainsa- (103 in Mudhol 1. Bhainsa Nirmal Plateau and 116 in 2. Nirmal Nirmal taluks)

3.11.2.S 147 villages No town 2 125.00 2 125.00 - 79763 79763 Dhanora-Rali (5 in Asifabad, Forested 102 in Wankadi Region and 40 in Lakshettipet taluks)

3.11.2.6 341 villages 5 towns 2908.50 2 870.55 37.50 334033 220584 113449 Asifabad- (34 in Wankadi 1. Asifabad Sirpur-Tandur 109 in 2. Bellampalle Forested Region Asifabad and, 3. Sirpur 198 in Sirpur 4. Kagaznaaar taluks) S. Kagaznaiar NMA

. 169 1 4 s , 7 8 9 10

3.11.2.1 146 villages 1 town 1 7J6.95 1 678,15 38.80 HB V3B 1J3'55 44 ..83 Mandamarri­ (11 in Lakshetti- 1. Mandamari Yamanpalli pet, 1 in Region Asifabad, 126 in Chinnur, and 10 in Sirpur tal uk,)

3.11.2.8 248 villages 3 towns 2000.0u 1 952.60 47,40 320613 279 SS2 41 061 Godavari (47 in Mudhol, 1. Sriram Sagar Basi.n 38 in Nirmal. (Pocbampad) Project 34 in Khanapur. towDship L F,e, 81 in 2. Lakshettipet Lakshettipet 3, MancheciyaJ and 48 in Chinnur taluk.s)

.70 REGION-WISE VILLAGE CODES, 1981

bistrlct : AdUabad Census Location Code No. 19 State: Andbra "id...

)I Sl. Division Taluk Location Code Total No. of Area of Remarks No. Number & No. of Census villages in Regional Name villages 1981 ---_--- Division Taluk Division in km2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1. 3.11.2.1 Adilabad 1 to 10, 12 to 120, 174 174 1 000.00 Code No. 11, 121 to 130, 157 to

Adilabad- taluk 131 to 156. 167 to 166, 188 to 192, 194J Penganga 187, 193, 195, 197 196 are in region 3.11.2.2 Region to 203 Code No. 145, 146 and 1,8 m_,ed in Adllaoad toWD.

2. 3.11.2.2 Adilabad 11,121 to 130, 15'7 36 Code No. 12 to 120, 131 to 156. Satmala Hill ta1uk to 166, 188 to 192, 167 to 187, 193. 195. Tract 194, 196. 2G4 to 210 197 to 203 are in region 3.11.2.1 Boath 1 to 34, 37 to 90, 118 Codc No. 35, 36, 91 to 96. '9. 100. ta1uk 97, 98,101, 120, 102 to 119, 122. 138 to 121,123 to 137,145. 144, 146 are in region 147 to 155 3.11.2.3

Utnur 1 to 130,134 to 169 166 320 2625.00 Code No. 131 to 133 are in region taluk 3.11.2.3

3. 3.11.2.9 Boath 35, 36, 91 to 96, 99, 52 Code No. 37 to 90, 97. 98, 101 Nirmal Hill taluk 100,102 to 119, 120, 121, 123 to 137. Tract 122, 138 to 144, 146, 145, 147 to 155 are in 156 to 170 rcgion 3.11.2.2

Utnur taluk 131. 132, 133 3

Nirmal lOS to· 119,'122. 139, 38 Code No. 120, 121. 123 to 130, taluk 145, 146, 147, ISO 134 to 138. 140 to 144, to IS6, 172, 175 to 148, 149. 157. to 159, 161 182, 184. 185 to lVI, 173.174. 183 arc in region 3.11.2.4 and Code No. 131 to 133. 160 to 167 are in reaioD 3.11.2.8

Khanapur 1 to 16, 23, 34 to 43 136 2 128.00 Cod. No. 17 to 22. 24 to 33, 38 taluk 37, 44 to 54. 63 to to 43, SS to 62. 73. 74 72, V5 arc in reaiOD 3.11.2.S 171 ... ,.-- ..... 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

4. 3.11.2.4 Mudhol 1 to 81, 91 to 108, 103 Code No. 82 to 90, 109 to 112, Bhainsa- taluk 113, 114, 115, 118 116, I 7 are 1D region Nirmal Plateau 3.11.2.8 Cod, No. 66 is meraed in Bbaina .. town. Nirmal 1 to 55, 61, 66 to 70, 116 219 1 625.00 Code No. 56 to 60, 62 to 65,71 to taluk 82 to 104, 120, 121, 81, 131 to 133, 160 to 123 to 130, 134 to 167 are in region 3.11;2.8 138, 140 to 144, 148, and Code No.1 05 to 119. 149, 157 to 159, 168 122, 139, 145 to 147 to 171,173,174,183 150 to 156, 172, 175 to, 182 are in region 3.11.2.3 5; 3.11.2.5 Asifabad 60, 61, 64, 80, 81 5 Code No. 62, 63, 65 to 79 are in Dhanora -RaH taluk region 3.11.2.6 Forested Region Wankadi 1 to 12, 14, 23, 24, 102 Code No. 13, 15 to 22, 2S to 41, taluk 42 to 90, 92, 94 to 91, 93, 101 to 104, 106 100, 105, 107, 108, 109 are in region 3.11.2.6 110 to 136 Lakshettipet 1,6 to 9, 14, 15,20, 40 147 2 125.00 Code No.2 to 5, 10 to 13, 16 to taluk 21, 28 to 37, 39 to 19, 22 to 27, 62 to 94. 43, 45, 46, 50 to 53, 97 to 105, 108 to 121 57 to 61, 95, 96, 106, are in region 3.11.2.8 and 107,122 Code No. 38, 44, 47 to 49, 54 to 56 are In region 3.11.2.7 34 Code No. 14, 23,24, 42 to 90, 92, 6. 3.11.2.6 Wankadi 13, IS to 22, 25 to Asifabad- taluk 41, 91, 93, 101 to 94 to 100,105, 107, 108 Sirpur - TanduI ]04,106,109 are in region 3.11.2.5 Forested Region Asifabad 1 to 59, 62, 63, 6S 109 Code No. 60, 61, 64,80, 81 are in taluk to 79, 82 to 110, region 3.11.2.S and Code· 112 to 115 No. 111 is in region 3.11.2.7 Code No. 3S, 36, 2S, 26 fully mer. led in Asifabad town and 106, 101. 110, 111 are partly included in Bellam Palle town

Sirpur 1 to ]83, 185 to 198 341 2908.05 Code No. 184, 193, 197 to 199, taluk 192, 194, 195, 196, 20 ' to 204 are in region 200,201, 205,)06 3.11.2.7 Code No.' is fQ}ly and 7 partly merged in Kaaazanslar town and 19 in Sirpur tOWD. 7. 3.11.2.1 Lakshettipet 38,44,47,48, 49, 11 Code No. 39 to 43, 45, 46, 50 to Mandamarri- taluk 54, 55, 56, 123, 53, 57 to 61, 95, 96, Yamanpalli 124, 125 106, 107, 122 are in Region region 3.11.2.5 and Code No. 62 10 94, 97 to lOS, 108 to 121 are in region 3.11.2.8 Code No. 124 i. merlod ill Mandmari tOWD. !Ta 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Asifabad 111 taluk

Chinnur 1 to 66, 71, 72, 77 126 Code No. 67 to 70, 73 to 76, 118 taluk to 117, 130 to 134, to 129, 135, 147 to 165 136 to 146, 166 are in region 3.11.2.8 Sirpur 184,193, 197 to 8 146 1 7H.9S Code No. 185 to 192, 194 to 196, taluk 199,202 to 201 200,201 are in resion 3.11.2.6

8. 3.11.2.8 Mudhol 82 to 90,109 to 112, 47 Code No. 91 to 108, 113 to 11', Godavari Basin taluk 116,117,119 to 150 118 are in region 3.11.2.4 Nirmal 56 to 60, 62 to 65, 38 Code No. 61, 66 to 70, 82 to 104, taluk 71 to 81, 131 to 133, 120, 121, 123 to 130, 160 to 167, 186 to 134 to 138, 140 to 144, 192 148, 149, 157 to 159, 168 to 171,173,174,188 are in region 3.11. 2. 4 and Code No. 105 to 119,122, 139, 145 to 147,150 to 156, 172, 175 to 182, 184, 185 are in region 3.11.2.3 Code No. 7~. 7" 77, 78, 79 are fully and 3(1,33 to J5, 37 to 39, 41, ~6 to '9,62.65 to 69, 72. 7.\ "6 arc partly subm- erged in Sriram Sagar Pro- ject and Code No. 140 Is merged in Nirmal town, Khanapur 17 to 22, 24 to 33, 34 Code No. 23, 34 to 37, 44 to 54, tal uk 38 to 43, 55 to 62, 63 to 72, 75 are in region 73. 74. 76, 77 3.11.2.3 !.I Lakshettipet 2 to 5, 10 to 13, 1 6 8\ Code No.6 to 9, 14, 15, 20, 21, taluk to 19.22 to 27,62 to 28 to 37, 39 to 43, 45, 94, 97 to 105, 108 to 46, 50 to 53, 57 to 61, 121,126 to 132 95. 96, 106, 107, 122 are in region 3.11.2.5 and Code No. 38, 44, 47 to 49, 54 to 56, 123 to 125 are in region 3.11.2.7 Code No. 911 is merged in LakshClti_ per, 12'.127 in Manchc_ riyal towns.

Chinnur 67 to 70, 73 to 76, 48 248 2000.00 Code No.7!, 72,77 to lt7, 13\) to taluk 118 to 129. 135. 147 134. 136 to 146, 166 are to 165, 167 to 174 in region 3.11.2.7

!'oIote- V'llagc location Codes for Kbanapur Calu" arc according to P.C.H. map. 173 · STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO·CULTURAL DETAlLS

Census Location Code No. 19 State: ADc1hra Pradesla District: .!dil.bad

Name of Adminis· Geology Soils Physio..cultural Characteristics State District Division Number &: trative Division Name

4 5 6 7 1 2 3

This region is mainly hilly Adilabad taluk Mesozoic­ Uslerls­ Adilabad 3.11.2.1 Andhra Lower Ter­ Tropepts cov'red with thick forests. The Pen­ Adilabad­ Pradesh and ganga and Satmala rivers are the Penganga tiary and Upper Pre­ Orthents - main rivers and are flowing on the Region Cambrian Tropepts northern border of this region. There are many other ri,ers/rivulets like Chanda, Dasnapur. Nallamala vagu and Mithadi vagu ultimately joining either Penganga or Satmala rivers. Small patches of reserved for­ ests are located. viz., Buzurg and Ma­ vala. The main sources of irrigation in this region are tanks, kuntas and wells. Big settlements are Adilabad, Pandharwara, Tamsa, Talamadugu and Devampur. Adilabad is tho only Urban area in this region.

Archaean Orthenis - 3.11.2.2 Adilabad, Boath This region is covered with hills Tropepts Satmala Hill and Utnur taluks and and has thick forested area. (open Mesozoic - and mixed dense jungle) whe e Koddam Tract Lower Usterts­ R.F. is important. The absolltte Tertiary Tropepts height ranges from 536 to 611 mtrs. Kadam river originates from this region. Pedda vagu, Vakhas and Gajjala vagu also flow through this region. The irrigation facilities are very poor. It depends on tanks, wells and kuntas etc. Only roads are the means of transport and communica­ tions. Settlements are sparse where big settlements are Utnur, Boath, Chora etc. Only two towns are located in this resion, vIz.. Boatb and Utn\lt.

174 5 6 7 2 3 4

The average height is 221-530 3.11.2.3 Boath, Nirmal, Archaean Orthents- mtfS. This region is fully covered with Nirmal Hill Utnur and and Tropepts hills and thick reserved forests. Tract Khanapur taluks Mesozoic­ and Lower USlerts­ Nirmal-Khanapur reserved forest is Tertiary Tropepts located there. River Sikkumanu and river Kadam are the two important rivers flowing through this region. River Kadam flows across this region and ultimately joins the Godavari river. Gujjala river, Sikhamundry river and Patikerlu vagu also flow in this region. One big tank (pedda­ balJala) is also located there. The irrigation sources are tanks, wells and kuntas. Only roads are means of transport and communi­ cations. Settlements are sparse; big ones are Rhura, Gungapuram, Lakshmipuram, KalIcda etc.

3.11.2.4 Mudhol and Archaean Orthents­ It is a hilly area having some Bhainsa­ Nirmal taluks and Tropeplll patches of reserved forests. Narsapur, Dawan-Chelli R.F. and Nirmal dense Nirmal Mesozoic­ and jungles are notable. Swarna vagu and Plateau Lower Usterts­ Tertiary Tropeptll Siddhu vagu are flowing through this region which are the important sources of irrigation. Sirala and Swarna Projects are important. Settlements are rare; big settlement~ are Nirmal, Wedyal, Lakman Thanda and Narsapur. This region is having two towns, viz. , Nirmal and Bhainsa. these arc connected by roads.

3.11.2.5 Asifabad, Wankadi Archaean, Usterts- The average height is 444 to 644 Dhanora - Rali and Lakshettipet Mesozoic­ Tropepts mtrs. This region Is hilly and has the largest forested area having Forested taluks Lower Tertiary Region and Upper large tract of dense forests. In Pre-Cambrian Asifabad division big reserved forests are Dhanora, Degangutta and Garakpet. Pedda vagu, Vatti vagu and Palla vagu flow through this region, The Kadam project and other tanks, kuntas, wells and channels are the sources of irrigation. This region is having road and railway facilities. Trans-

175 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

port and communications are good. Settlements are 5cattered. Big settle- . ments are Makargur, Dubbagura, Kummuguru etc.

3.11.2.6 Wankadi, Asifabad Upper Pre- Usterts- This region is also mostly covered Asifabad - and Sirpur taulks Cambrian, Tropepls with reserved forests. The western Sirpur-Tandur Archaean, part of the region is hilly and has Forested Region Upper Car- thick forest cover. The reserved for- boniferous- ests are Gudem, Nimbal, Ranchi etc. Lower Tria- The main rivers that flow ssic, Middle in this region are Wardha and Triassic- Pranhita which flow on the nor- Lower thern and eJ~tern border respecfvely. Cretaceous Pedda vagu flows across this region and Lower from west to east and ultimately Palaeozoic- joins river Pranhita. Tanks, kuntas Upper Pre- and wells are the main sources of Cambrian irrigation. Roads and railways are available as transport and commu- nication facilities. Settlements are scattered. Big settlements are Sirpur, Asifabad, Tandur, Wankadi etc. This region is having five towns, Asifabad, Sirpur, Bellam- palle, Kagaznagar and Kagaznagar NMA.

3.11.2.7 Lakshettipet, Upper Cat- Usterts- This region has a large extent of Mandamari- Asifabad, Chinnur boniferous- Tropepts thick forest ar-:a of dense mixed Yamanpalli and Sirpur taluks Lower jungle. Big reserved forests are Region Triassic, Manna. Ya'lchapalle, Chinnur, Kun- .. Middle daram and Bellampalle. This region Triassic- is drained by Pranhita river which Lower flows on the eastern border and Cretaceous further joins Godavari. Pedda vagu and Lower and Golla vagu also flow through this Palaeozoic - region. The main sources of irri- Upper pre- gation are kuntas, wells and canals. Cambrian Road and Railways are available although these are not adequate. Settlements are mainly located in the western palt. Big settlements are Chinnur, Angaralapalle, Shankara- pur and Kottapalle,

J76 1 2 3 4 s 6 7

3.1J.2.8 Mudhol, Nirmal, Archaean, _ Us/"ls­ This region is having plain and Godavari Khanapur, Lak­ Middle Trop,pts dry area with some patches of re­ Basin shettipet and Triassic-- served forests. Kondaram R.F. is Chinnur taluks Lower Cre- worth mentioning. The river Goda­ taceous, vari flows aloog the southern border lower of this region. On the southern side Palaeozoic- Sriramsagar project (L.F.C.) and Upper Pre- many canals, streams, tanks are there Cambrian which are the main sources of irri­ and Upper gation. Roads and railways are Carbonifrous- available as transport and commu­ Lower Triassic nication facili ties. Settlements arc: evenly distributed. Big settlements are Lakshettipet, Indaram, Kazipet, Dharmaram, Bederellia, Janla, Basar and Mudhala to mention a few. This region is having three towns, viz., Lakshettipet, Mancheriyal and Sriram Sagar Project (L.F.C.).

177 NALGONDA DISTRICT

REGIONAL DIVlSIONS

Nalgonda district forms the part of the Krishna of granite or basalt, which support a xerophytic fiora Piedmont Plato (3.l!'3) micro region 8S delineated in like Salvadora, Euphorbia, thorny scrubs and dry Andhra Pradesh The district lies approximately bet­ grasses. The district experiences a dry and veJY hot ween 16°25' and 17°50' of the northern latitudes and summer with temperature exceeding 40°C. About 70 78°40' and 80' 5' of the eastern longitudes. Covering an per cent of rain is received through the south-west 2 area of 14 240 km , the distdct accounts for 2 279 685 monsoon. The average annual rainfall in the district is persons as per the 1981 Census At prelent the distl1ct 701 mm. comprises 15 taluks. River Krishna joined by river Dindi forms the southern boundalY of the district while With many of its physiographic heterogeneity'the Paleru river flows along its eastern border. Tbe district district bas been divided into following five SUb-micro .bas typical physiographic characteristics of a plateau regioDs considering the homogeneous character of and is criss crossed by numerous tributaries of the individual regions as per the criterion developed for above three rivers. Important are Musi and Aler nvers the study. in eastern and northern parts, Halla! in central part and Pedda vagu in southern pan. All drainage fl"WI 3.11.3.1 Bhongir-Ramannapet Plateau into Krishna river system from west and north-webl to The region covering north-western part of the .outh-east The district is very rich in itawater resou­ district comprises Yadagirigutta, Bllongir, Mothkur rces There are many important river projects loc"tcd and Ramannapet [aluks. It is a plateau with an average In the district. Notable are Nagarjuna sagar project height ranging between 450 and 650 metres. Tbe sur­ constructed across the Krishna river, Musi project face is rocky and generally sloping towards east. The acrnss the Musi river and Dindi project across tbe region is drained by Aler river in the northern part and Dindi rlver Besides, there are many perennIal tanks/ Musi river ID the southern part; both flowing parallel ponds located in tbe distnct. A few ranges and bills from west to east. Later Ala joins river Musi at the run through tbe district maInly in soutb-western and corner of south-eastern border of the region. The entire north-western parts. The height of these hills sometime region is composed of Arcbaean rocks. Tbe soil sub­ exceeds 600 metres above the mean sea level. Barring order associations found are Ustalfs in the south-wes­ a lew areas in the southern and soutb-eastern margins, tern half and Ustalfs-Tropepts in the north-eastern the entire district is developed on oldest rocks belong­ half. Settlements are spread along the banks of M usi ing to Archaean period. These primarily conlist Cor­ and Aler rivers and along main transport routes. The dierile gneiss, Hornblende-Biotite gneiss and otber region consists of 312 villages and 3 towns, all taluk unclas~lfitd ct)stalline rocks. Kocks ot Upper Pre-Cam­ headquarters. The total area is 3 396.00 km2 which is bJian and Lower Palaeozoic-Upper Pre-Cambrian inhabIted by 550 183 persons of which 504378 persons occur along the Krilhna and Dlndl [Ivers. A few pat­ reside in rural and 45 805 persons in urban areas. chea of metavolcanica of Dharwar group arc also Concentration of population in the region is moderate scatteJed over the southern part. Formed after the with a density of 162 persons per km!!. dislDtegration of basic rock materials the soils in gene­ ral belong to Uatalfl sub-order alsociation. T,opepts 3.11.3.2 DevarakoDd. Plateau are assOCiated with Ustal{s in a significant area of the distrrct. Nalgonda district is poor in natural vegetation Located in the south-western part of the district as compared to other districts of the state. Forest cover the region consists of Nampalli taluk and parts is very tbm and scattered. The forest areas present a of Chand oar, Nalongda, Devarakonda and Nidamanut tby undulating landscape wtth sudden small outcrop. taluJ,s. The surface is rough consequently the cultiva.. 178 tion is not developed. The average height ranges bet­ and Huzurnagar taIuks. Both the rivers Musi and Paicr ween 435 and 660 metres. Low hills are seen in join Krishna which touches the south-eastern corner of some parts of the region. Hallai river flows along the the region. The surface of the region is rough with an entire eastern border of the region. Pedda vagu is the average height ranging between 215 and 502 metres. other important river flowing in the southern part of Most part of the region is composed of Archaean the region in eastern direction and merging in Nagarju­ rocks. Iu some southern areas rocks of Upper Pre­ nasagar. Some extensions of Dindi reserved forests in Cambrian and Lower Palaeozoic-Upper Pre-Cambrian the southern margin of the region adds an element to also occur. Ustalfs soil sub-order association is found environmental conservation. The region mainly consi­ in the southern half while Tropepts are as&ociated with sts of Archaean rocks. A few patches of metavolcanics Ustalfs in the northern half. Settlements are dense in of Dharwar group are scattered over the south-eastern this part of the region and are mainly concentrated part. The main soil sub-order association found is along transport routes. Large settlements lie in the Ustalfs while Tropepts is associated with Ustalfs in southern half of the region. The region has 261 villages 2 some central parts. The region has 267 villages and 2 and 2 towns encompassing an area of 3 346.00 km • The towns. With an area of 3 27500 km2 the region is inha­ region is inhabited by 676269 persons of which 612074 bited by 404 169 persons. Of these, 380973 persons persons reside in rural and 64 195 persons in urban reside in rural and 23 196 persons in urban areas. The areas. The region has the highest density in the district 2 region has a density of 123 persons per km • (202 persons per km2),

3.11.3.3 Nalgonda-Miryalguda Plateau 3·11.3.5 Krishns-Dindi Forested Tract The region carved out along the river Krishna and Bounded by river Musi in the east and Hallai river its tributary Dindi lie in the southern most part of the in the west this region consist~ of Nakrekal taluk and district in an elongated shape. It covers the parts of parts of Nalgonda, Chandoor, MiryaJguda and !,

179 CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 26

ANDHRA PRADESH NALGONDA DISTRICT CENSUS CODE 23 REGIONAL DIVISIONS 10 15 20 2S

KILOMETRES

o s ,.

/

o o

p <{

(!). ... u <{ 3 . 11.3· 2 z a:

, . 5 T

M4liBU Boundory. Dlstric;t . . ~ __~ ______B__ N~4~G ~ Boundory. luluk

SOILS ~ Village hovino 5 Doo and aboYe popuIQtion .. 10 0 10 20 . t::::I::±d Urban Ar ea ~ - KMS. 0 1 S Railwa y Un.. with stotion, Brood Gouge .,;...J!L National Highway .. .. -..!i!iL

Sial. Hig hway I • ... ~ 'OU.u )I1 p ...t ont. RoOlK ..

R iver . ~

1 .11. 3.1 BHONGIR - RAMNfiAPEf FtA TEAU 3. 11.3.2 OEY~ PlATEAIJ ::.~ ~::_~.:~no_ _~ . _ ~ . ~_ ~ . ~ _ ~ ~:L:i&"'~ 3. 11 .3.3 NAl.GOND.A-NRYAlGUDA PlATEAU "'''0 ______------l 3.11 .14 su\VAPET - t«.JZUVrUrGAR PlATEAU Micro 3 .11. 35 ~-"""" FOAESTEO TRACT Sub ·Micro w.i th B oundory______. _,_ ~{7 USlaH_ bn_xd 12 U.'alfs_ Tropcpls r;:a~~::::~,c~ ~t -";11[;1'101 ;;;.,;;,o-;s ;,; -;.i;~ ·~~ to the oU Indl. mop cOdes up to 1 ' .. r1

181

DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS

DIstrict: Nalgonda Census Location Code No. Z3 State : Aodbra Pradesh

District Region No., No. of villages in No. of towns Area in Km2 in region population in region Name each region as in region! ------(1981) evolved Name T R U ------T R U 1 2 3 4 5 -_6 7 8 9 10

Nalaonda 3.11.3.1 312 villages 3 towns 3 396.00 3 370.10 25,90 550 183 50. 378 45 80S Bhongir­ (63 in Y ddaairigutta, 1. Yadagirigutta Ramannapet 104 in Bhongir, 2. Bhongir Plateau 73 in Mothkur 3. Ramannapet and 72 in Ramannapet taluks)

3.11.3.2 267 villages 2 towns 3 275.CO 3237.60 3HJ 404 169 38097) 23196 Devarakonda (4J in Chandcor, 8 1. Chandoor Plateau in Nalgonda, 73 in 2. Devarakollda NlJmpalli. 108 in Devarakonda and ]5 in Nidamanur taluks)

3.1 1.3.3 257 villages 2 towns 2 793.80 2 V79JO 1 *.30 sn 566 425 979 106 587 Nalgonda­ (85 in NaIgonda, 8 1. Nalgonda Miryalguda in Chandoor, 58 In 2. Miryalguda Plateau MlryaJaguda. 39 in Nidamanur and 67 in Nakrekal taIuks)

3.11.3.4 261 village, 2 towns 3 346.CO 3 28090 65.10 6762,9 6120"4 64 195 Suryapet­ (67 in Thungathurthi, I. Suryapet Huzurnagar 95 in SUf}apet. 57 in 2. Kodad Plateau Kodlld and 42 in Huzurnagar taluks)

3.11.3.5 61 villages lone town 1 4n.20 I 42 .00 4.20 116 498 96 764 19 734 Krishna­ (16 in Devarakonda, 1. Vijayapuri Dindi 11 in Nidamanur, \6 (North) Forested in Miryalguda, II in 'Iraet Huzurnagar and 7 in Kodad tsluks)

183 REGION-WISE VILLAGE CODES, 1981

District: NaIgonda Census Location Code No. 23 State: Andbra Pradesh

Area of Remarks Division Taluk Loaticon Code Total No. of Sl. Regional Number & No. of census villages in No. Division Name villages 1981 ------Taluk Division in km2

4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 Code No. 44, 4, are included in 3.11.3.1 Yadagiri· 1 to 63 63 I. Yadagirigutta town. Bhongir- gutta Ramannpet taluk Plateau Bhongir 1 to 104 104 Code No. 53 is fully and 27. 52 are taluk partlY merged in Bhongir town.

Mothkur 1 to 73 73 taluk Ramannapet 1 to 72 72 312 3 396.0D Code No. 70 is included in Rama- nnapet town. taluk

Code No. 14 to 21 are in region 3.11.3.2 Chandoor 1 to 13, 22 to 5t 43 2. 3.11.3.3. Code No. so is Devarakon- taluk merged in Chandoor town da Plateau Nalgonda 80 to 87 8 taluk Nampalli 1 to 73 73 taluks

106, Devara- 1 to 61, 63 to 92, 108 Code No. 62,93 to 95, 105, konda taluk 96 to 104, t07, 110 to 113 are in region 108, 109, 114 to 3.11.3.5. Code No. 44 is 118 merged in Devarakonda town.

Nidamanur 1 to 4, 6 to 13, 35 267 3 275.01 CadeNa. 5, 14 to 18, 30 to 46 in region 3.11.3.3 taluk J9 to 29, 47 to 53, arc 6? to 65, 69 and Code No. 54 to 61, 66 to 68 are in region 3.11.3.5

Code No. 80 to 87 are in region 3.11.3.3 Nalgonda 1 to 79, 88 to 93 85 3. 3.11.3.2. Code No. 39 Nalgonda- taluk 49, So are partly merged Miryalguda in NalgJnda town. Plateau Chandoor 14 to 21 8 taluk

Miryalguda 1 to 56, 62, 63 58 Code No. 57 to 61 are in region taluk 3,'l.JS;~COaeN6. 35 is merged in Miryalguda town.

Nidamunur 5,14 to 18, 30 to 39 Code No. 6 to 13, 19 to 29, 47 to taluk 46, 70 to 85 53, 62 to 65, 69 are in region 3.11.3.2 and Code No. 54 to 61, 66 to 68 are in region 3.11.3.5

Nakrekal ] to 67 67 257 2798.00 taluk 184 2 3 4 7 8

4. 3.11.3.4 Thunga· I to 67 67 Suryapet- thurthi Huzurnagar taluk Plateau Suryapet 1 to 95 95 Code No. 63, 66 are included in tal uk Suryapet town. Kodad ] to 57 57 Code No. 38 is included in Kodad taluk town. Huzurnagar 1 to 32 , 34 to 40, 42 261 3 346.00 Code No. 33,41, 42, 45, 46 are taluk 43,44, 47 in region 3.11.3.5

5. 3.11.3.5 Devara- 62, 93,94, 95, 16 Code No. 63 to 92, 96 to 104, Krishna- konda taluk 105, 106, 110 to 107 to 109, t 14 to 118, Dindi 113, 119 to 124 are in region 3.11.3.2 Forested Tract Nidamanur S4 to 61,66, 67, H Code No. 62 to 65 are in region taluk 68 3.] 1.3.2. Code No.56 is included in Vijayapur (North) and 54, 5S are sub· merged in Nagarjuna Sagar Project.

Miryal- 57 to 61, 64 to 74 ]6 Code No. 62, 63 are in region guda taluk 3.n.3.3

Huzurna- 33,41,42,45, 46, 11 Code No. 34 to 40, 43, 44, 47 gar tal uk 48 to 53 are in region 3.11.3.4

Kodad taluk 58 to 64 7 61 1 425.00

185 STATEMENT ON REGION·WISE PH¥SIO-CULTVRAL DETAILS

District: NalgoDc1a Census Location Code No.23 State : Andbra Pradesb

State District Division Name of Geology Soils Physio-cu}tural CharacteristicS Number & Administrative Name Division

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Andhra Nalgonda 3.11.3.1 Yadagirigutta, Archaean Ustalls The average height of tbe Pradesh Bhongir­ Bhongir- and region is between 453 and 635 mtrs. Ramannapet Mothkur and Usralfs­ Musi and Alec are tbe main rivers Plateau Ramannapet TropeptJ flowing in tbis region. Dry taluks channels and tanks are also available. Due to rocky surface cultivation is not very developed. Settlements located are mainly on the banks of Musi and Aler rivers. Trees like palms and others are found. All the towns are connected by roads. Broadgauge railway line from Hyderabad to Kazipct passes through Ihis region jdnlng towns Bhongir and Yadagirigutta.

3.11.3.2 Chandoor, Archaean Ustal!, The average height is between Devarakonda Nalgonda, and and 435 and 661 mtrs. Hallai and Pedda­ Plateau Nampalle, Lower Pre- Ustalls­ vagu are the main rivers flowing in Devarakonda Cambrian Tropepts this region. Dry channels and some and Nidamanur tanks are available. State Higway taluks crosses the region in east·weat direction. Due to rough surface cultivation is not developed. Settle. ments are sparse in this region.

3.11.3.3 Nalgonda, Archaean Ustalfs and The surface is rough with dry Nalgonda,- Chandoor, and Ustalfs- channels and tanks. Musi river Miryalguda, Miryalguda, Lower Pre- Troptpts flows aion,s its eastern border plate\llJ Nidamanur Cambrian whereas Halldi river forms the and NakrekaI western boundary of the region. taluks Palms and other small trees are available. Nalgonda and Miryalguda are the main towns which are thickly populated. Nagar­ juna sagar left bank (Lal Bahadur canal) canal is passing through this region which provides irrigational facilities. National Higbway No, 9 pass!" throlJ&h the re~io)1..

186 1 2 3 4 5 6 1

3.11.3.4 Thungathur· Ar~haean, Usta/fs and With an average height between Suryapet_ thi, Upper Ustalj's- 215 and 502 mtrs this plateau is Huzurnagar Suryapet Pre- Tropepts characterisea by perennial and dry Plateau Kodad and Cambrian ehannels and ponds. Palm and Huzurnagar and Lower other small trees are found. Settle- taluks Palaeozoic- ments are located on the road side. Upper Pre. Suryapet and Kodad are tbe main Cambrian towns. National Highway No. 9 passes through the central part of the region joining Suryapet and Kodad lowns. Nagarjuna sagar left bank canal is also passing through the upper portion of the region.

3.11.3.5 Devarakonda, Archaean, Ustalfs Ihe average height of the region Krishna- Nidamanur, Upper Pre- is between 361 and 499 mtrs. Nidgal Dindi MiryaJguda, Cambrian reserved forest and Nagarjuna sagar Forested Huzurnagar and Lower are covering the we.tcrn portion Tract and Kodad Palaeozoic - of this region. Forests are closed to taluks Upper Pre- Dindi and Krishna rivers. Settle- Cambrian ments and transport are mainly developed in the eastern half of the region. C:uIti'lation is not so developed.

18'1 CHIITOOR DtSTRICT

REGIONAL DIVISIONS

Chittoor district is a part of the Rayalaseema accounting for a total area of 4 576.00 km2 which is (3 11.4) and is located in the extreme south of the inhabited by 676072 persons of which 621 134 reside state approximately between 12°37'-14°08' north latitudes in rural and 54 938 in urban areas. Its density of and 78 03'-79°55' east longitudes. It is constituted by population is 148 persons per km2 • 15 taluks with a tOlal area of 15 152 km2 inhabited by 2737 316 persons (1981 Census). Physiographi­ 3·11-4.2 Palakonda-Velikonda Range cally, it is composed of hIlls, plaIDs and upl mds. Normally the heIght increases from east to west This region extends over the parts of Chandragiri, ranging from 75 to I 200 m. Rehef and structure ChinagouigalJu, and Srikalahasti taluks. It is almost of tbe district have generated a ccntflfugal dralll age entirely forested and hilly region with sporadic contributed by perennial/non-perennial channels. settlements. ShOWing the Archaean geology in the Geologically. the di~tflct is compo~ed of Archaean southern part and Upper Pre-Cambrian in the nor­ rocks which is noticed to have bet:n patched wltb thern, this region bears a ubiquitous spread of Ustalfs­ Upper Pre-Cambrian. Middle TfJassic-Lower Creta­ Tropepts. Having 41 villages and 2 tOWDS over a total ceous and Re.:ent rocks in the eastern part. Spl1ual afea of 1 16,,·6'J km2, the region is inhabited by pattern of the soils is related to U Malts group ~Wlth J 07 566 persons with a break-up as 67 ) 78 rural and mIcro level vdflations) which predominates In most part 40388 urban dwellers. It has a density of popUlation 2 of tbe dIstrict towards the west. In the easteln and of 93 persons per km • south-eastern pdrts groups of Fluvents, Psamments, Tropepts and Ortllents are seen from east to west. In 3.11·4·3 Swarnamukbi-KaIangi Plain vieW of vegetal cover, the district has isolated forests all over WhICh include dry tropical mixed deciduous The region extends over the parts of Srikalabasti, and thomy forests. Thottambedu, Satyavedu, Puttur and Chandragiri taluks in the north-eastern part of the district. In its physical Considering the spatial variations in the gamut character it is a plain region with thin vegetal cover of the physio-geographic phenomenon of the district and is drained by the Swarnamukhi and Kalangi it is vIable to carve out seven sub-micro regions as rivers with other seasonal channels. Geogically. it is J under. composed of Archaean and Upper Pre-Cambrian rocks. Soils are Ustalfs-Tropepts in the north-west 3.11.4.1 Peddaeru-Babuda-Punchu Region and FJuventa-Tropepts in the major south-eastern part. The region includes 270 villages and 4 towns accoun­ Occupying the north-western portion of the district ting for a total area of 1 754.60 km2• Out of the total the regIon in.;Judea ThamballapalJe. Madanapallc and population of 432 177 persons there are 245 559 persons Vayalpad taluks and parts of Chinagottigallul" Pun­ as rural and 186 618 persons as urban inhabitants. The ganur and Chandragiri taluks. It is characterised witb density of popUlation in the region is 246 persons hills and associated forests with a slope towards the per km2• north. Geologically, it is composed of Archaean 3·11·4.4 Nagarl-NagaJapuram BiDs rocks uniformly excepting for a very little patch of Lower Pre-Cambrian period in the west. Soils are In the south-eastern part of the district this region Ustalfs in the south-west wbich turn to Ustalfs­ includes Nagari taluk and parts of Thottambedu, Tropepts in the test part of the region. Settlements are Satyavedu sod Puttur taluks. With a general slope aJmu5t evenly dispersed with reference to cultivated towards the south-east it is drained by river Arani that zones. The region includes 270 villages and 1 town flows through the central part of the region. It is 18S characterised by numerous small hills. dense scrubs. the parts of Bangarupalem, Punganur, Cbittoot, waste lands. dry channels and a few forest patches. Palmaner and Kuppam taluks. Physiographically. it Its geology is complex relating to Archaean. Midllie is almost hilly and is covered mainly with dense Triassic-Lower Cretaceous and Recent periods. Likely, forests. The surface is rugged. It shows thc soil distriblltlOn is aho varied. that is, there is a Archaean geology. The soils are Ustalfs-Rock Out­ spread of Psamments-Fluvents, Fluvents-Tropepts and crops in the southern part; Ofthents-Tropepts in the Tropepts. The region has 237 villages and 1. towns middle and Ustalfs-Tropepts in the northern part of with a total area of 2 720.60 km2 which is inhabited the region. The region is entirely rural baving SO by 491 935 persoDs of which 451 216 penons resIde in villages over an area of 1 309.80 km' inhabited by rural and 30 719 persons in urban areas. It has a 61 372 persons making thereby a density of only 47 2 2 persons per km • density of population of 181 persons per km • 2.11.4.5 Chittoor Upland

This region extends over the parts of Chandragiri, 3.11.4.7 Puoganur-Kuppam Upland Bangarupalem and Chittoor taluks. The slope is towards the south-east. In general the region has It stretches along the south-western margin of the isolated hills and the landscape. in addition, has dry district covering the parts of Punganur. Palmaner and channels. ponds and small areas of forests. Geologi­ Kuppam taluks. The slope is towards the south-west cally. it has a ubiquitous spread of Archaean rocks. with a rugged topography. The region has a few Soils are Ustalfs-Tropepts in the north and Orthents­ areas of open scrubs and forests. Geologically. it is Tropepts in the south. There are 201 villages and 1 composed of Archaean rocks and a few tiny patches 2 town over a total area of 1 515.20 km as categorised of Lower Pre-Cambrian formations in the south. in the delineation of the sub-micro region. It is Soils are Ustalfs-Tropepts in the major part of the inhabited by 485 795 persons where 399 565 persons district (north) while Ustalfs-Rock Outcrops arc seen reside in rural and 86 230 persons in urban areas. The 2 in the remaining southern part. The region includes region makes a density of 321 persons per km • 333 villages and 3 towns constituting a total area of 2 3.11.4.6 Ayirala-Puddur Forested Region (Mahendra­ 2 115.20 km which is inhabited by 482 399 persons. Out of these, 419 150 persons reside in rural and giri Forested Region) 63 249 persons in urban areas. With this set-up of the Extending in a zigzag shape from north to south region, the density of population comes to 228 persons 2 in the southern part of the district the region covers per km • ANDHRA PRADESH CHITTOOR DISTRICT CENSUS CODE 10 u 0 o REGIONAL DIVISIONS N L~ IT o 20 .:!" t 4 KILOMETRES f p A H \ ~ D o s R /

FflOM BAMGALOR't - of'

o

o, UPPER PRE-CAMBRIANI71 PLEIS1DCENEm \ ~ \ BOUNDARY, STATE · []]]]]] RECENT !I I BOUNDARY J DISTRICT . \ MIDDLE TRIASSIC .. LOWE~ (4) CRElACE()(JS BOUNDARY, TAlUK ..... 1m LOWER PRe·CAMBRIAN II) VILLAGE HAVING 5000 ANO ABOvE POPULATION

URBAN AREA·" • 3.11.4.1 PEDe RAILWAY LNE'MTH SlAlU'l,BROAO GA!J3E ... .

3.11.4.2 RAILWAY LtE II11H STAIION,METRE GAla .. .. J.1U.3 NAtiONAL HIGHWAY· 3.11./..1, STATE HIGHWAY·' ].11.4·5 OTHER IMPORTANT ROADS, 3 .11.4.6 AYIRPOOR UPLAND RiVER ("IahiRAlA - PUOOUR FOR.ESTED REGION 3.11.4.7 PVNt,ndragiri ForUttd Rtgion I :EAG~::A~ _D~V~I:N_~ _ ~~_ ~ ' ~-- ~3" "lIr'r"2 IGANUR-KUPPAM UPLAND \ MESO ------~ 7USTALFS lUSTALfS-TRlI'EPTS \ ;~::::: -W~H-B:U~O:y~ ~ == ~ ~ ~ ~ =- ~I USTAlFS - ROC. OUTCRlPS \ 8OJKJARV, fOREST - §ljl6PSAM"ENTS-FLUVENTS [READ THE SEQUENCE DF REGIONAL DIVISIDNS WITH [U}l FLUVEN1S-TIWPEPTS REFERENCE TO THE ALL INDIA MAP (.QDES UP TO J TIER] 1TIl~ ORTHEN1S·TROPEPTS

~i6 TROPEPIS

191

DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS

District : Cbittoor Census Location Code No. 10 State: Andbra Pradesh .- District Region No.' No. of villages No. of towns Area in km2 in region Population in region Name in each region in regionj ------(1981) as evolved Name T R U ------T R U

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Chittoor 3.11.4.1 270 villages 1 town 4 576.00 4 568.20 7.S0 676 072 621 134 54 938 Peddaeru- (61 in Thamballa- 1. Madanapalle Bahuda- palle 49 in Punchu Madanapalle 26 Region in Punganur 65 in VayaJpad 62 in Chinagottigallu, and 7 in Chandra- giri taluks)

3.11.4.2 41 villages 2 towns 1 160.60 1 101.30 59.30 107 566 67 178 40388 Palakonda- (41 in Chandragiri 1. Pakala Velikonda tal uk) and China- 2. Tirumalai Range gottigallu and Srikalahasti-NIL)

3.11.4.3 270 villages 4 towns 1 754.60 1 705.60 49.00 432 177 245 S59 186618 Swarnamukhi-(108 in Srikalahasti, 1. Srikalahasti Kalangi 57 in Thott- 2. Renigunta Plain ambedu, 32 in 3. Tirupati Satyavedu, 6 4. Tirupati NMA in Puttur and 67 in Cbandragiri taluks)

3.11.4.4 237 villa ges 2 towns 2 720.60 2 706.00 14.60 491935 461 216 30719 Nagari­ (41 in Thottambedu, 1. Puttur Nagalapuram 56 in Satya­ 2. Nagari Hills vedu, 92 in Puttur and 48 in Nagari taluks)

3.11.4.5 201 villages 1 town 1 515.20 1 505.90 9.30 485 795 399 565 86 230 Chittoor (7 in Chandragiri, 1. Chittoor Upland 69 in Bangaru­ palem and 125 in Chittoor taIuIes)

193 1 2 4 S 6 7 8 9 10

3.11.4.6 50 villages No town 1 309.80 1 309.80 61 372 61 372 Ayirala- (9 in Bangarupalem, Puddur Fores- 4 in Punganur, ted Region 1 in Chitto or, (Mahendragiri 8 in Palmaner Forested and 28 in Kuppam Region) taluks)

3.11.4.7 3 3 3 villages 3 tcwns 2 115.20 2 071.90 43.30 482 399 419 150 63 249 Punganur - (74 in Punganur, 1. Punganur Kuppam 92 in Palma- 2. Kuppam Upland ner and 167 in 3. Palmaner Kuppam taluks)

194 REGION.WISE VILLAGE CODES,1981

District: Cbittoor Census location Code No. 10 State: Andbra Pradesh ...

Sl. Division Taluk Location Code Total No. of Area of Remarks No. Number & No. of Census villages in Regional Name villages I 981 Division Taluk Division in k:rn3

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1. 3.11.4.1 Thamballa- 1 to 61 61 Peddaeru - palle Bahuda - tal uk Punchu Region Madanapalle 1 to 49 49 Code No. 24,35 are fully and 26, taluk 32 are rartly merged In Madanapalle town. Pungunur 1 to 25, 40 26 Code No. 26 to 29, 32 to 39 are taluk in region 3.11.4.7 and Code No. 30, 31 are in region 3.11.4.6 Vayalpad 1 to 65 65 taluk Chinagot- 1 to 62 62 tigallu taluk

Chandragiri 1, 2, 3, 11 to 14 7 270 4 576.00 Code No.4 to 8 are in region taluk 3.11.4.2 and Code No. 9, 10 are in region 3.11.4.5 2. 3.11.4.2 Chandra­ 4t08, 20 to 38, 41 41 1 160.60 Code No.9, 10, IS to 19 are in Palakonda­ giri 45 to 49, 51 to 56, region 3.11.4.5 and Code Velikonda taluk 58, 62, 63, 88, 97, No. 39 to 44, 50, 57, 59 Range 98 to 61, 64 to 87, 89 to 96 Chinagoti­ are in region 3. 1.4.3 and gallu taluk -NIL- Code No. II to 14 are in Srika lahas ti -NIL- region 3.11.4.1 taluk Code No. 25 is merged in Pakala, 88 in Tirumalai and 99, 116 are partly merged in Renigunta towns. Code No. 87 is partly included in Tirupati municipality and remaining portion is merged in Tirupati Non­ municipality XIII.

3. 3.11.4.3 Srikala- 1 to 108 108 Code No. 81 is fuUr and 82 is Swarnamukhi - hasti taluk partly included in Sri­ -Kalangi Plain kaJahasti town. 195 8 1 2 3 4 6 7

Thottambedu 1 to S, 7, 10, 14, 15, 57 Code No.6, 8,9,11, to 13, 18, 19, taluk 16, 17, 20 to 36, 37, 52,57,61,67,69 to 38 to 51, 53 to 56, 74, 76 are in region 58, 59, 60, 62 to 3.11.4.4 66,68, 75, 77

Satyavedu 1 to to, 12, 13, 32 Code No. 11, 15 to 18, 32 to 42 talule. 14,19 to 31, 43 to are in region 3.11.4.4 48

Puttur talule. 6to10,12 6 Code No. 11 is in region 3.11.4.4

Chandra- 39 to 44, SO, 57, 67 270 1754.60 Code No. 45 to 49, 51 to 56, 58, giri 59, 60, 61, 64 to 87, 62, 63, 88, 97, 98 are talllk 89 to 96, 99 to 122 in region 3.11.4.2

4, 3.11.4.4 Thottambedu 6, 8,9, tJ, 12, 41 Code No, 7, 10, 14 to 17,20 to 36, Nagari- taluk 13, 18, 19, 37, 52, 38 to 51, 53 to 56, 58 to Nagala- 57, 61,67, 69 to 60, 62 to 66, 68, 75, 77 puram Hills 74, 76, 78 to 98 are in region 3.11.4.3 Satyavedu 11, 15 to 18, 32 to 56 Code No. 12 to 4, '9 to 31, 43 to taluk 42,49 to 88 48 are in region 3.11.4.3

Puttur 1 to 5, 11, J 3 to 92 Code No. 6 to 10, 12 are in region taluk 98 3.11.4.3. Code No.42 is merged in Puttur town.

Nagari talllk 1 to 48 48 237 2720.6\) Code No. 14 is included in Nagar town.

5. 3.11.4.5 Chandra- 9, 10, 15 to 19 7 Code No. 11 to 14 are in region Chittoor Upland giri taluk 3.11.4.1

Bangaru· 1 to 5, 9 to 43, 45 69 Code No. 6 to 8, 44 are in regio palem to 73 3.11.4.6 taluk

Chittoor 1 to 96, 98 to 126 12$ 201 1 515.20 Code No. 97 is in region 3.11.4.6 taluk Code No. 54 to 56. 64 to 67 are partly merged in Chittoor town.

6. 3.1I.4.6 Bangaru- 6,7,8,44,74 to 9 Code No.9 to 43, 45 to 73 are in Ayirala' palem 78 region 3.11. 4.5 puddur taluk Forested Region Punganur 30, 31, 53, 54 4 Co~k No. 32 to 39, 41 to 52 are (Mahendragirj talllk in region 3.11.4.1 and l'otef!ted Code No. 40 ,is jI). J'~iion Re,ion) },.llA·l 196 I 2 B 6 , B

Chittoor 97 I taluk

Palmaner ". 40, to 42, 50, Code No. 10 to 39, 43 to 49, 51 taluk 81, 83, 99 to 80, 82, 84 to 98 are in relion"3.U.4.7

Kuppam 123, 124, 137 to 7A 50 1309.80 Code No. 125 to 136,146, 147, tal uk 145, 148,170 to 149 to 169, 176 to 179, 175,180, 181, )84, 182, 183, 185, 186, 188, 187, 190 to 195 189 are region 3. 1.4.7

7. 3.11.4.7 Punganur 26 to 29, 32 to 39, 74 Code No. 30, 31, 53, 54 are in Punganur taluk 41 to 52, 55 to 104 region 3.11.4.6 and Code Kuppam No. 40 is in region 3.11.4.1 Code No. 66 is fully and 43,67 are partly merged in Punga· unr town. Upland Patmaner I to ft, 10 to 39, 92 Code No.9, 40 to 42, 50, 81, 83, tatuk 43 to 49, 51 to 80, 99 are in region 3.11.4.6 82, 84 to 98, 100 Code No. 7 is merged in Palmaner town

Kuppam I to 122, 125 to 161 333 2 115.20 Code No. 123, 124,131 to 145, 148, taluk \36,146,147,149 170 to 175, 180, 181, to 169, 76 to 179, 184, 187 are in ragion 182, 183, 185, 186, 3.11.4.6. Code No. I" is 188, 189 fully and 110 partly in_ cluded in Kuppam town.

Note- Village location Codes for Tbottambcdu taluk are accordia. to 1971 D.C.H. map. stATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTVRAL DETAILS

District : Chittoor Census Location Code NO. 10 State: Andbra Pradesb

State District Division Name of Geology Soils Physio.cultural Characteristics Number & Adminis- Name trative Division

2 3 4 S 6 7

Andhra Chittoor 3.1104.1 Thamballa- Archaean Usta/fs With an average height between Pradesh Peddaeru - palle, Madana- and 500 and 000 mtfs and a slope Bahuda - paUe, Punganur, Usta/fs -- towards the north it is characterised Punchu Vayalpad, Chi- TrlJpepts with numerous hills, forest patches, Region nagottigallu ponds/tanks etc. dispersed through and Chandragiri OUt the region. Settlements are taluks almost evenly distributed. The region is served by roads and railways and all important settle­ ments are connected with each other.

3. r 1.4.2 Chandragiri, Archaean Ustal/s- With an average height of 500 Palakonda- Chinagotti- and Upper Tropepts mtrs., it is rugged due to steep rocky Velikonda gallu and Pre-Cambrian ~lop~s, hillocks, springs, dense scrubs Range Snkalahasti etc. There are many hills with a taluks height of more thdn ~oo mtrs. It is roo~t,y covered with forests with rare settlements.

3.11.4.3 Srikalahasti, Archaean Fluvents - It is a level plain of I 00 rotrs. Swarnamu­ Thottambedu, and Tropepts average height drained by the khi - Satyavedu, Upller Pre­ and Swarnamukhi and Kalangi wi,:. Kalangi Puttur Cambrian Ustalfs­ numerous other seasonal channel Plain and Chandragiri Tropepts and ponds. It shows a thin vegetal taluks cover alongwith random settlements mainly being located along trans­ port routes. The transport network is well developed.

3,11.4.4 Thottambedu, Archaean, Psamments- With an average height between Nagari­ Satyavedu, Upper Pre- Fluvenls, 200 and 500 rotrs. and a slope to­ NagaI a­ Puttur and Cambrian, Fluvents- wards the south-east it is characte­ puram Nagari taluks Middle Tropepts rised by numerous hills (even Hills Triassic - and upto 1000 mtrs.), dense scrubs, Lower ere- Tropepts waste land, dry channels, rare vege­ taceou5, tation with a few forest patches and Pleistocene random dispersion of settlements. and Recent

3. 11.-4.5 Chandragiri, Archaean Usta/fs­ It has an average height upto 300 Chittoor Bangarupalem, Tropepts, rotrs. and a slope towards the Upland and Chittoor Orthents­ south -east with scattered hills, taluks Tropepts dry channels' ponds aJ'ld scattered and patches of forests. Settlements are Tropepts almost evenly dispersed. District headquarters is located in this region which is well connected by rail and roads.

118 1 2 3 4 6 7

3.11.4.6 Bangarupalem, Archaean Ust~lfs - With an average height below Ayirala - Punganur, Tropepts, 300 mtrs. it shows rugged surface Puddur Chittoor, Or/hents - cut by numerous dry channels. It is Fousted Palmaner and Tropepts and mostly hilly and is covered Region Kuppam taluks USla11s - by dense forests with rare settle­ (Mahendra- Rock outcrops ment locations. giri Forested Region)

3.1 '.4.7 Punganur. Archaean Ustalls, USla/fs- With an average height above 700 Punganur- Palmaner and and Tropepts and mtrs. and a slope towards the south- Kuppam Kuppam taluks Lower Pre- Usta/Is - east it shows a frequent occurrence Upland Cambrian Rock outcrops of ponds/tanks with dry channels and a few patches of open scrubs and forests. Srttlements are random.

199 CUDDAPAH DISTRICT

REGIONAL DIVISIONS

Cuddapah district is a part of the Rayalaseema Psamments-Fluvents are deposited in the central (3.11.4) micro region. The district lies approximately part. between 13° 43' and 15° 14' of the northern latitudes and 77°55' and 79° 29' of the eastern longitudes. The The hill ranges in the district are covered by district spreads northwards along the western slopes reserved forest. These are of dry deciduous type. of the Ea&tern Ghats encompassing an area of 15 359 This is the only district in the country where the most km2 inhabiting 1 933 304 persons according to 1981 important species of red sancial occurs. Shorea Census. The district presently comprises of twelve engenia occurs in higher altitudes of the district. The taluks. The district is characterised by its magnifi­ climate is characterised by a hot summer. May is cent and historic hill ranges. These hills are of an­ the'hottest month of the year. Average annual rain­ cient crystallme rocks and mostly steep sided and fall received is 685 mm. On account of its different belong to the Pre-Cambrian era, presumably Alogon­ physiographic characteristics the district can be divided ikan. They are made up of tightly folded isoc­ into following seven sub-micro regions. lines with occasional synforms and antiforms (Prudhvi Raju and Vaidyanadhan. 1978). They are relatively flat topped hills due to erosion. The Cuddapah 3.11.4.1 Penner River Basin system of hill ranges forms part of the central portion of the Eastern Ghats. The This is the largest region in the district in terms important hill ranges are Velltkonda hills, Pala­ of both area and population. Covering most of eas­ konda hills. Yerramalais, Nallamalais and Lankamala tern portion of the district it includes Jammalama­ hills The district is mainly drained by Penner river dugu, Muddanur and Kamalapuram taluks and parts and its tributaries. This river enters the district in of Pulivendla, Proddatur, Sidhout and Cuddapah north-western corner near Tallaproddatur in Mudd­ taluks. The region is a level plain sloping towards anur taluk. Just flowing a little distance it is joilled the east. 1t is drained by river Penner and its tribu­ by river Chitravati near Gundlur. Afterwards the taries specially, Chitravati, Papaghni and Kundu. Most river flowing almost in the central part in south­ of the area is agricultural except few hills and patches eastern direction cuts through the Velikonda range of forests located in the central part. This part of the • lying in the eastern border of the district. River basin is composed of Lower Palaeozoic- Upper Penner is joined by Kundu and Sagilcru rivers from Pre-Cambrian rocks while the lower reaches are the north and Papaghni and Cheyyeru rivers from formed of the Upper-Pre-Cambrian rocks. There the south. is a close relationship between geological structure and soil distribution. It is noted in this context The southern part of the district mainly covering that the upper part of the basin is covered by Usterts­ Lakkireddipalle, Rayachoti and Kodur taluks is rated Orthents and the lower part is marked by Tropepts.. to be the oldest one and is composed of Archaean Psamments-Fluvents while eastern margin of the rocks. The inttrfluve of river Penner and Sagileru is region in the eas\. of Kundu river is characterised by developed on rocks of Lower Palaeozoic-Upper Pre­ Ustalfs-Tropepts. The important towns and settle.. Cambrian period while remaining part of the district ments including the district headquarters are located belongs to Upper Pre-Cambrian period. The soils along Penner river. It consists of the largest number of the southern part are Ustalfs-Tropepts. These of villages and towns of the district and has 482 soils are also found deposited in Sagileru river valley. villages and 8 towns. Covering an area of 5 22S.S0 The western part of the district is mainly covered km2 ii is inhabited by 1 027 595 persons. Out ot under the soils of Usterts-Orthents while Tropepts- the total, 735716 persons reside in rural and 291 87g 200 persons in urban areas. The concentration of popula­ Rajampet and Kodur taluks. The region is mostly cove­ 2 tion is high with a density of 197 persons per km • red with reserved forests. These are of dry deciduous type. Some of the hills are surrounded by thick under 3.11.4.2 Laokamala Hills growth consisting of primeval fore,ts. These hills are of ancient cry~talline rock~ belonging to Pre·Cambrian To the east of the former region this sub-micro era and are of greater geological importance. Specifi­ region is carved out consisting of Lanka mala hills cally. these belong to Upper Pre-Cambrian formations. of Eastern Ghats. It Compri~es the parts af Prodd­ The soil sub-order association Ustalfs-Tropepts is atur, Badvel. Cuddapah and Sidhout taluks. The found in northern and southern parts while Tropepts. region is entirely hilly covered with forests The Psamments-Fluvents occurs in the central part of the height exceeds liOO metres above the mean sea level. region. Being hilly covered with forests settlements These hills are of ancient crystalline rocks and belong are rare and scattered over the region mamly lD the mainly to Lower Palaeozoic-Upper Pre-Cambrian periphery of reserved forest'. It is entlfely rural and period and Upper Pre- Cambrian CNallamala series). has only 56 villages. Its total area is 1 541.20 km2 wt ich The soils are deep black and shallow black. The is inhabited by 62 331 persons residing in rural areas. associated soil sub-orders are Ustert'i-Orthents. Some The density of population is as low as 40 penons per 2 extensions of Ustalfs-Tropepts are also observed in the km • northern part of the region. Being a hilly tract covered with reserved forests settlements are rare and are 3.114.5 Cheyyeru-Pulang-Patagunjana Plain isolated. It is entirely rural and the least populated region of the district. It consists of only 20 villages Owing to structural discontinuity of Eastern Gbats with an area of 1 396 60 km2 which is inhabited a few level plain areas have bet:n developed which are by 26 917 persons. The density of population is only surrounded by slopy hills. This region belongs to one 2 19 persons per km • such areas covering tbe parts of Rajampet and Kodur taluks. River Cheyyeru flows in the northern part of 3.11.4.3 Sagileru River Valley the region. The general slope is towards north-east. The trihutaries of Cheyyeru viz., Gundla Eru, Musbti This region confines to lower areas along Sagileru Eru and Gunjana Eru drain the southern part of the river with an average height ranping between 100 and region. Geologically, the region belongs to the Upper 200 metres. It covers the parts of "Badvel and Sidhout Pre-Cambrian period. The northern half has Tropepts­ taluks. It is a valley formed by Sagileru river falling Psamments-Fluvents soils while southern half is in between Lankamala hills and VeIikonda range of occupit'd by Ustalfs-Tropepts soil sub-order association. Eastern Ghats. The slope is towards the south. The The region being suitable for agricultural activities and topography is relatively flat with considerable agricul­ falling on the main transport routes of the state is turalland. The valley is composed of Upper Pre-Cam­ relatively developed one and the most densely populated brian

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-0 r J

0 DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS

District : Cuddapab Census LocatioD Code No. 11 State: ADdbr. Pradesh

District Region No. of villages No. of towns Area in Km' in region Population in region No.1 Name in each region in region! ------(1981) as evolved Name T R U ------T R U

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 -'----~------,

Cuddapah 3.11.4.1 482 villages 8 towns 5225.50 5 125.20 100.30 I 027 595 735 716 291 879 Penner (85 in Prodddatur, 1. Jammalamadugu River 62 in Kamalapuram. 2. Dommara. Basin 6 in Sidhout, nandyal 60 in Jamma­ 3. Kamalapuram lamadugu, 4. YerraguntJa 96 in Pulivendla. ~ 5, puliveodla 78 in Maddanur 6. Proddatur and 95 in 7. Cuddapah Cuddapah taluks) 8. VeparaJa

3.11.4.2 20 villages No town I 396.60 1 396.60 26917 26917 Lankamala (4 in Proddatur, Hills 5 in Badvel, 3 in Cuddapah and 8 in Sidhout taluks)

3.11.4.3 142 villages 1 town 1 J27.30 1 121.00 6.30 180039 168 579 11 460 Sagileru (IV8 in Badvel and 1. Badvel River 34 in Sidhout taluks) Valley

3.11.4.4 56 villages No town 1 54J.20 1 541.20 62 331 62331 Velikonda (27 in Badvel. Range 15 in Sidhout. 8 in Kodur and 6 in Rajampet taluks)

3.11.4.5 128 villages 2 towns 933.60 907.20 26.40 255 446 226949 21497 Cheyyeru­ (62 in Rajampet 1. Rajampet Pulang­ and 66 in Kodur 2. Nagireddipalle Patagunjana taluks) Plain

205 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 10

3.11.4.6 38 villages 1 town 2917.80 2903.30 14.50 74895 67485 74W Palakonda (14 in Cuddapah. I. Madhavaram Range 17 in Sidhout, 1 in Pulivendla, 2 in Rajampet, 2 in Lakkire- ddipalle and 2 in Rayachoti taluks) and KOQur Nil

3.11.4.7 114 vlllages 1 town 2216.40 2176.60 39.80 306 081 270 824 35 257 Papaghni- (48 in Lakkireddi· 1. Rayachoti Mandavi- palle and 66 in Bahuda Rayachoti taluks) Region

~06 REGION-WISE VILLAGE CODES. 1981

District: Cuddapah Census Location Code No. 11 State: Andhra Pradesh

~I , Division Taluk Location Code Total No. of Area of Remarks No. Number & No. of Census villages in Regional Name villages I 98 • Division Taluk Division in km2

1 2 3 4 6 7

J. 3.11.4. t Proddatur 1 to 9, 14 to 89 85 Code No. to to J 3 are in region Penner taluk 3.11.4.7. Code No, 42 to 47 River 48, 49 are partly merged in Basin Proddatur town.

Kamala­ 1 to 62 62 Code No. 12 is full, and ]1 partly puram included in Yerraguntla taluk and Kamalapuram towns respec'ively.

Sidhout 43 to 48 6 taluk

lamala- 1 to 60 60 Code No. SOl 51 aro merged in lama. madugu lamadur town and .s3 in taIuk Dommaranandyal town.

Pulivendla 1 to 96 96 Code No. 66 is merged in Pulivendla taluk town.

Muddanur 1 to 78 78 Code No. 17 is included in Yeparala taluk town and Codc No. 21 is Sub merged in Mylavaram dam.

Cuddapah J, 2, 3, 5, 7 to 20, 9S 482 5 225.50 Code No.4, 6, 21 are in region taluk 22 to 67, 75 to 78, 3.11.4.2 and Code No. 80 to 88, 90 to 94, 68 to 74, 79, 89, 95, 96 to 106, 108,110 )07, J09 are in region 3.11.4.6 Code No. 27 is fully and 26, 63, 66, 67 and 6~ partly included in Cuddapah town. 2. 3.11.4.2 Proddatur 10 to 13 Lankamala taluk Hills

Badvel 64, 65, 92, 93, 114 5 Code No. 66 to 72, 76, 79, 81 to 91, taluk 94 to 99, 103 to lL 3 are in region 3.11.4.3 and Code No. 73 to 75, 77, 78,80, 100 to )02 are in region 3.11.4.4. Cuddapah 4, 6, 21 3 Code No.5, 7 to 20 are in region taluk 3.11.4.1

Sidhout 34, 35. 37 to 42 8 20 1 396.60 Code No. 36 is in region 3.11.4.6 taluk

207 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 8

3. 3.t 1.4.3 Badvel 3,4, 16 to 20,22 108 Code No.5 to 15,21, 39,55 to 57, Sagileru taluk to 38, 40 to 54, 58 73,74,75, 77, 78, 80, River to 63, 66 to 72, 100, 101, 102 are in Valley 76, 79, 81 to 91, region 3.11.4.4 and Code 94 to 99. 103 to 113, No. 64, 65, 92 93, 114 11510140 are in region 3.11.4.2 Code No. IH is inc,lded in .IJ"dvei town.

Sidhout 1 to 5, 7 to 17. 20 34 J42 1127.30 Code No. 6,18,19. 29,31, 57 to taluk to 28, 30,32, 33, 61 are in region 3.1\.4.4, 56, 62 to 66 and Code No. 34, 35. 37 to 42 are in region 3.11.4.2 and Code No. 36, 49 to 55 are in region 3.0.4.6 and Code No. 43 to 48 are in region 3.11.4.1

4 3.11.4.4 :8l1dvel J, 2, 5. to IS, 21. 27 Code No. 3,4,16to 20, 22 to 38. Velikonda taluk 39. 55 56, 57, 73, 40 to 54, 58 to 63. 66 to RallP 14, 75, 77, 78, 80, 72,76,79,81 to 91, 94 100, .01, 102 to 99 are in region 3.11.4.3 and Code No. 64, 65, 92, 93 are in region 3.11.4.2

Sidhout 6,18, 19, 2§, 31, IS Code No. 7 to 17, 20 to 28, 30, 32, raluk 57 to 61, 67, 68. 33, 56, 62 to 66 are in 69,71,72 region 3.11.4.3 and Code No. 36, 49 to 55, 70 are in region 3.11.4.6 and Code No. 34, 35, 37 to 42 are in region 3.11.4.2 and Code No. 43 to 48 are in region 3.U.4.1

K.odur I, tI. 15, 36 to 39, Code No.2 to 10,12 to 14, 16 to 35, taluk 41 40 are in negion 3.11.4.5

Rajampet 13,14, 15, 35, 55, 6 56 1 541,20 Code No. 16 to 34,36 to 54 are in taluk 56 region 3.11A.5

S. 3.11.4.S Rajampet J to 6, 8 to 12, 16 62 . Code No. 7 is in region 3.11.4.6 and Cheyyeru- taluk to 34, 36 to 54, 57 Code No. 13 to 15, H, Pulang- to 69 55, 56, are in region PatagunjaBa 3.11.4.4. Codo No. 46 is Plaia fully and '9, 6! partly mer. ged in Rajampet town.

K.odur 2 to 10, 12, '3, 14, 66 128 ~33.60 Code No. U, IS, 36 to 39, 41 are talnk 16 to 3', 40, 42 in region 3.11.4.4 to 74

9.11.4.6 Cuddapah 68 to 74, 79, 89 95, 14 Code No. 75 to 78, 80 to 88, 90 '. Palakonda taInt 101, 109; Ill, 112 to 94, 96 to 106, 108. ll.... 110 are in reaion 3.U.4., 101 2 3 4 5 6 , 8

Sidhout 36, 49 to 55, 70, 17 Code No. 37 to 42 are in region taluk 73 to 80 3.11.4.2 and Code No. 43 to 48 are in region 3.U.4.1 and Code No. 56, 62 to 66 are in region 3.11.4.3 and Code No. 57 to 61, 67 to 69, 7 J, 72 are in region 3.11.4.4 Code No. 70 is merg~d in Madharam town.

Pulivendla 97 taluk

Rajampet 7,70 2 Code No. 8 to 12, 16 to 34, 36 to taluk 54, 57 to 69 are in region 3.11.4.5 and Code No. 13, 14, 15, 35, 55, 56 are in region 3.11.4.4.

Lakkireddi- 1,2 2 palle taluk

Rayachoti J, 2 2 taluk

Kodur 38 2917,80 taluk

7. 3, 11.4.7 Lakkired- 3 to 50 48 Papaghni - dipalle Mandavi- taluk Bahuda Region

Rayachoti 3 to 68 66 114 2 216.40 Code No. 19 and 29 are fully and taluk partly included in Rayachoti tOWD.

209 STATEMENT ON REGION-WisE PHYSIO·CULTURAL DETAILS

District: Cuddapah Census Location Code No. 11 State: Andhra Pradesh

State District Division Name of Geology Soils Physio-cultural Characteristics Number Adminis- &: Name trative Division

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Andhra Cuddapah 3.lIA.l PuUvendla, Upper Pre- Tropepts- - With an average height between Pradesh Penner Jammala­ Cambrian and Psamments- 150 and 400 mtrs. and a east- River madugu, Lower Fluvents, ward slope it is a level plain. It is Basin Proddatur, Palaeozoic- Uster/s­ drained by Penner and its tributaries Kamalapuram, Upper Pc~ Ortnen/s the Kundu, Chitravati, Papagbni Cud da pab , Cambrian and and Ragenu rivers. It is entirely Sidhout and Ustalfs agricultural except a few hills Maddanur taluks Tropepts and forest patches in the south of the Penner river. Settlements are sparse. Transport net-work is developed and important settlement. are linked with each other.

3.11.4.2 Proddatur, Lower pala- Usterts - It is a hilly region covered with Lankamala Badvel, eozoic-Upper Orthents dense forests. The height exceeds Hills Cuddapah Pte-Cambrian and 600 mtrs. Settlements are rare and and Sidhout and Upper Pre· Ustalfs- located at the margins of the taluks Cambrian Tropepts forests.

3.11.4.3 Badvel and Upper Pte­ Ustal!s­ Having an average beight between Sagileru Sidhout taluks Cambrian Tropepts 100 and 200 mtrs. and a slope to­ River wards the south it is an agricultural Valley area with almost even distribution of settlements. Road network is developed.

3.11.4.4 Badvel, Upper Pre­ Ustalfs­ Lying along the eastern margin of Velikonda Sidhout, Cambrian Tropepts the district it shows a continuous Range Rajampet and and series of hills mostly covered with Kodur taluks Tropepts­ forests. The hills are even beyond Psamments_ 600 mtrs height. The region has Fluvents very sparse settlement distribution.

210 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 8

3.11.4.5 Rajampet and Upper Pre- Ustal/I- With an average height between

Che~yeru- Kodur taluks Cambrian Tropeptl 150 and 300 mtrs. and a slope to- Pulang- aud Tropepts - wards the north it is characterised Patagunjana Psamments- by numerous dry channels, pondsl Plain Fluventl tanks, open scrubs, scattered hills etc. It is mostly agricultural with even distribution of settlements. Transport network is well developed in the region.

3.11.4.6 PuIivendla, Archaean Ustal/s - Being characterised by rugged topo- Palakonda Cuddapah, and Upper Tropepts. graphy showing an average heIght Range Rayachoti, Pre-Cambrian Tropepts- between 300 and 500 mtrs. it is a Sidhout, Psamments- hilly region almost covered by reser- Rajampet, Fluvents and ved forests. The height some time Lakkireddipalle Usterts- exceeds 500 mtn. Distribution of and Kodur Orthents settelement is very sparse. taluks

3.11.4.7 Rayachoti and Archaean Ustal/s- Showing an average height between Papaghni- Lakkireddi palle Tropeptl 200 and 500 mtrs. and a slope toward Mandavi- taluk~ and the north-east it is mainly drained by Bahuda Usterts - the Papaghni, Mandavi and Bahuda Region Orthents rivers. There are numerous scat. tered hills, forest patches, open scrubs and waste land. Settlement distribution is even.

211 ANANTAPUR DISTRICT

REGIONAL DlVISIONS

Anantapur district is a part of Rayalaseema (3.11 4) an area of 3 052.00 km2 it is inhabited by 414 657 and is located in the south-western part of the state persons of which 275 559 persons reside in rural and 0 approximately between 13 41'-15°14' N. latitudes 139098 persons in urban areas. Its density of popula­ i 2 and 76°47'-78°26' E. longitudes. It is constituted by 7 tion comes to 136 persons per km • taluks encompassing an area of 19 130 km2 and a population of 2548012 persons (1981 Census). The 3.11.42 KaJyandurg Upland relief of the district is marked with an average height of 300-600 metres in most part in the north while it Lying beside the western margin of the district the . increases upto 1 200 metres towards the south. With a region extends over the parts of Kalyandurg and Kam­ consequent slope towards the north the region is badur taluks. The slope is towards the west. The drained by Vedavati, Penner, Chitravati, Papaghni etc. mosaic of the landscape is characterised by occasional with their tributaries. Physiographic personality of forests, hillocks and scrubs. Settlements are sparse. the district altogether reflects in the form of basins , Its geology is Archaean in the western half while it uplands and hilly terrain. Geologically, the district is Pre-Cambrian in the remaining eastern part. exhibits major coverage under Archaean rocks.However. Soils are Ustalfs throughout the region. It contains the patches of Pre-Cambrian rocks with difference 43 villages and 1 town covering a total area of z (Lower/Up;er/Cuddapah series etc.) are noticed ran­ 1275.00 km . It is inhabited by 1-,2640 persons of domly all over the district. Soils in the northern and which 105591 persons reside in rural aod 17049 in eastern parts belong to Usterts group in association urban areas. The region has a density of 96 persons with Orthents!UstalfsITropepts. The remaining Wes­ per km2. tern part has uniform spread of Ustalfs-Tropepts. The vegetal cover is scanty showing small patches of dry 3.11.43 Madakasira Upland peninsular sal forests dispersed throughout the district except a very little coverage of the southern thorny In the extreme south-western part of the district forests on the eastern margin adjoining to Cuddapah this region covers the major part of Madakasira taluk. district. It is characterised by a few hills, patches of forests, scrubs and sparse distribution of settlements. The slope I In view of the physiographic diversity at the micro is towards the west. Geologically, Archaean rocks are level the district has been divided into seven sub-micro noticed in the western part while Pre-Cambrian rocks regions as detailed below. occur in the eastern part. Soils are ubiquitously Ustalfs-Tropepts in the region. It is entirely rural 3.11.4.1 Upper Vedavdti Plain having 56 villages with a total area of 1 201 00 km2• It is inhabited by 176 157 persons making thereby a In the north-western part of the district tbis region density of 147 persons per km2• extends over Rayadurg and the parts of Kaneka1, Kambadur. Kalyandurg, Uravakonda and Gooty 3·11.4.4 (A) Penner River Upper Basin taluks. With a slope towards the north it is drained by the river Vedavati and its tributary Chinna Hagari. The region covers the parts of Penukonda, Mada­ Vegetation is sparse. Its geology belongs to Archaean kasira and Hindupur taluks. The region is drained by period showing a few patches of Lower Pre-Cambrian the upper course of Penner and its seasonal tributaries. rocks in the northern part. The soils are Usterts­ The slope is towards the north with dispersed settle­ Ustalfs-Tropepts in the north and Ustalfs-Tropepts in ments. Its geology belongs to Archaean period and the south. Containing 137 villages and 3 towns over the main soils are Ustalfs-Tropepts throughout the 212 region. With a total area of I 225.00 krn2 it has 82 3.11.4.6 Ansntspur-Dharmavaram Region villages and one town inhabited altogether by 235 5'\3 persons of which 179 6 J2 persom reside in rural and Holding a central position in the district this 55 901 persons in urban areas. Ttle region shows region includes in its bounds the parts of Anantapur. 2 a density of 192 persons per km • Tadpatri, Chennekothapalle. Singanamala. Sri Satya SaL Dharmavaram and Nallamada taluks. The slope 3.11.4.4 (B) Penner River Upper Basin is towards the nort h·east. Small hills, forest patches The region covers the parts of Anantapuf, Kanekal, and scrubs are the main features of the region. Geolo­ Kalyandurg, Kambadur and Chennekothapalle taluks. gically the region has a major spread of Archaean It has a general slope towards the north. Cultivable rocks which is patched with Lower Pre-Cambrian patches of land are seen with scrubs. Its geology is rocks in the west. The soils are Ustalfs-Tropepts in Archaean and the main soils are Ustalfs-Tropepts. the west and Usterts in the east. Constituted by Settlements are sparsely distributed. There are only 197 vi\lages and 2 towns with a total area of 3 955.08 2 32 villages with an aggregate area of I 125.00 km2 km it is inhabited by 618 520 persons. Out of these, inhabited by 69 898 rural population. It makes a 448 020 persons reside in rural and 170 500 persons in 2 density of 62 persons per km • urban areas. Its density of popUlation is 156 persons 2 per km • 3.11.45 Penner River Middle Basin 3.11.4.7 Penukonda-Kalliri Forested Upland It occupies the north-eastern part of the district extending over the parts of Anantapur, Gooty. Singa­ It lies in the south-eastern portion of the district namala, Uravak,mda and Tadpatri taluks. The region and extends over Kadiri taluk and part of Penukonda, is characterised with dry channels. ponds, forest Hindupur. ChennekothapalIe, Dharmavaram. Sri patches and dense scrubs. The general slope tends Satya Sai and Nallamada taluks. Physiographically, to the east. Geologically, the western part of the it is having rugged surface. hiIls, forest patches. dense region shows Archaean rocks while the eastern part scrubs and dry channels. Its geology belongs to has Upper Pre-Cambrian rocks alongwith the patches Archaean rocks. however a few strips of Lower Pre­ of Pre-Cambrian (Cuddapah Trap). Likewise, western Cambrian formations are also noticed in the eastern and northern parts have a spread of Usterts-Tropepts part. Soils are Ustalfs-Tropepts in the western and soils and the remaining eastern part shows Usterts_ eastern parts while Usterts are seen in the middle part Orthents. The region has 215 villages and 2 towns of the region. It contains 203 villages and 2 towns 2 over a total area of 3 296 92 km" which is inhabited by making a total area of 4 000.00 km which is inhabited 417 762 persons. Out of this, 334540 persons reside by 492 845 persons of which 427 698 persons reside in in rural and 83 222 persons in urban areas· The rural and 65 147 persons in urban areas. The density 2 density in the region comes to be 127 persons per km • of population is 123 persons per km'.

213 CENSUS OF INDIA

ANDHRA PRADESH ANANTAPUR DISTRICT CENSUS CODE 12 a REGIONAL DIVISIONS \) o 10 '1 'I ~IlOMETRES s

o

v

o

I,!ndorY, Slatf

undcnJ Dlslrict ..

undor Toluk

lag. K vinl! 5000 And Above Popl,llotioll bonAf o ... !PA I;lwar "'With Slollon,8rocd Gau!j! .. JL R5 Iilwa ... neWtlh Slahon,toIctre GaIJ9C

~ ionol ighwoy ... woy --_ SH_

htr Iff! dontRQod&. PLAIN

3.11.0 KALYt.NDURG UPLAND

3.11.4.3 MAOAKASIRA UPLAND A R ).11.t..t.(.l) PENNER RIVER UPPER BASIN __ =. == N A :::~'~ ~.~o~~ ~~ ~.~ ~ ~ ~~lU J.!1.L.4CBJ PENNER RIVER UPPER BASIN

''' __t ______:l :W.4.5 PENNER RIVER MIDDLE BASIN

b-Micro with Boundary ______3.1U.6 ANANTAPUR-DHARMAVARAM REGION ~r)'.FeftSl ______3.11l.7 PFNUKONDA-KIIDtRI FORESTED UPLAND l3J Pr,-CombriQ,n nl) ~od the -..qu.ne. 01 regiMal divisions with f.t.,.nc. to th. QU Indio ~low.r Pr . _CambtronI81 Ip Cod"~p to 31 ...] 0up¢( Pr._Comb"an[l) • Pr,_CombrionICuc:'dopoh

DATA ON REGtONAL DIVISIONS

District: Anantapur Census Location Code No. 1l State: ADdbra Pradesb

District Region No./ No. of villages No. of towns Area in kmi in region Population in region Name in each region in regionl --_.. _---_...... (1981) as evolved Name T R U ---_.. _----- T R U

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Anantapur 3.11.4.1 137 villages 3 towns 3 052.00 2 920.10 131.90 414 '57 275 559 139098 Upper Vedavati (42 in Rayadurg, 1. Guntakal Plain 39 in Kane- 2. Rayadurg kal, 2 in 3. Uravakonda Karnbiidur, 8 in Kalyandurg, 37 in Urava- konda and 9 in Gooty taluks)

3.11.4.' 43 villages 1 town 1 275.00 1 263.30 11.70 122640 105 591 17 049 Kalyandurg (11 in Kalyandurg 1. KalyanJurg Upland and 32 in Kambadur taluks)

3.11.4.3 56 villages No town 1 201.00 I 201.00 - 176 157 176 157 Madakasira (56 in Madakasira Upland taIuk)

3. ,1.4.4 (A) 112 villages I town 1 225.00 1 218.40 6.60 235 $33 179 632 55 901 Pennar River (37 in Penukonda, 1. Hindupur 2 in Madaka- Upper Basin " sira and 43 in " Hindupur taluks)

3.11.4.4 (B) 32 villages No town 1 US.DO I 125.00 - 69 893 69 893 Pennar River (4 villages in Upper Basin AnantapuI, 1 in KanekaI, 11 in Kalyandurg, 10 in Kambadur and 6 in Chennakothapalle taluks)

3.11.4.5 215 villages 2 towns 3 296.92 3254.68 42.24 417 762 334540 33222 Pennar River (78 in Gooty, 1. Gooty Middle Basin 11 in Anantapur, 2. Tadpatri 19 in Singanamala, II in Uravakonda and 96 in Tadpatri taluks) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 JO

3.11.4.6 197 villages 2 towns 3 955.08 3 902.28 52.80 618 520 448 020 170 500 Anantapur­ (44 in Anantapur. I. Anantapur Dharmavaram 1 in T 'dpatri. 2. Dharmavaram Region 24 in Chennako­ thdpalli. 35 in Sri Satya Sai, 29 in Dharma­ .vllram 40 in Sing .namala and 24 in Nallamada taluks)

3.11.4.7 203 villages 2 tonws 4000.00 3 908.5 91.50 492 845 427 698 6S 147 Penukonda­ (20 in Penukonda 1. Kadiri Kadiri Forested 4 in Hindu- 2. Penukonda Upland pur, 2 in Chennakothapalle 2 in Dharma­ varam '6 in Sri Satya Sai. 47 in Nallamala and 75 in Kadiri talUks) REGION· WISE. VILLAGE CODES, 1981

District: Anantapur Census Location Code No. 12 State: Andbra Pradesh

SI, Division Taluk Location Code Total no. of Area Remarks No. Number & No. of census villages in Regional Name villages 1981 ------Division Taluk Division in kmi

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1. 3.11.4.1 Rayadurg taluk 1 to 42 42 Upper Vedavati Plain

Kanekal taluk 1 to 37, 39, 40 39 Code No. 38 is in region 3.11.4.4B

Kambadur taluk I, 2 2

Kalyandurg 1 to 4, 7, 9, 8 Code No.5. 6. 12 to 18 ate in taluk 11, 21 region 3.11.4.4 Band Code No.8, 10, 19, 20 are in region 3.11.4.2

Uravakonda 1 to 27, 32 to 38, 37 Code No. 28 to 31, 39 to 41 are taluk 42 to 44 in region 3.11.4.5

Gooty taluk 1, 2, 3, 20 to 25 9 137 3 052.00 Code No.4 to 19 are in region 3.11.4.5

2. 3.11.4.2 Kalyandurg 8, 10, 19, 20, 22 11 Code No.9, 11.21 are in region Kalyandurg taluk to 28 3.11.4.1 and Code No. Upland 12 to 18 are in region 3.I1.UB

Kambadur tal uk 3 to 33, 35 32 43 1 275,00 Code No. 34 is in region 3.11.4.4B

8. 3.11.4.3 Madakasira 1 to 56 56 56 1 201.00 Madakasira taluk Upland

4. 3.11.4.4 (A) Penukonda 6 to 16, 25 to 40, 37 Code No. 17 to 24, 41 to 46, S2 Pennar River tal uk 47 to 51, 53 to 57 are in region 3.11.4.7 Upper Basin

Madakasira 57. 58 2 taM:

Hindupur taluk 38 to 61,66 to 84 43 82 1 225.0'> Code No. 62 to 65 are in teion 3.11.4.7 B I :1 3 4 6 7 8

5. 3. tt.4.4 (B) Anantapur taluk 12, 13, 26, 27 4 Code No. 14 to 25 are in region Pennar River 3.11.4.6 Upper Basin

Kanekal taluk 311

Kalyandurg 5,6,12 to III, 29j 11 Code No.7, 9,11 , 21 are in region ta1uk 30 3.11.4.1 and Code No. 8, 10, 19, 20, 22 to 28 are in region 3.11.4.2

Kllmbadur taluk 34, 36 to 44 10 Code No. 35 is in region 3.11.4.2

Chennakothapalle 15 to 20 6 32 1 125.00 tal uk

6. 3.11.4.S Gooty taluk '" to 19, 26 to 87 7il Code No. 20 to 25 are in region Pennar River 3.11.4.1 Middle Basin

Anantapur taluk 1 to 11 \1

Singanamala 1 to 19 l~ taluk

Uravakonda 28 to 3J, 39, 40, 11 Code No. 32 to 38, 42 to 44 are taluk 41, 45 to 48 in region 3.11.4.1

Tadpatri taluk 1 to 96 96 215 3 296.92

7. 3,11.4.6 Anantaput taluk 14 to 25, 28 to 59 44 Code No. 26, 27 are in region Anantapur- 3.11.4.4 B Dhannavaram ,RelioD

Tadpatri taluk 97

Chennakothapalle 1 to 14, 21 to 30 24 Code No. 15 to 20 are in region taluk 3.11.4.4 B

Sri Satya Sai 4 to 7, 11, 14, 16 to 35 Code No.8 to 10, 12, 13, 15, 27, taluk 26,29 to 37, 41 to 49 28, 38 to 40 are in rCiion 3.11.4.7

Dharmavaram 1 to 29 29 taluk

Singanamala 20 to 59 40 taluk

220 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

NalJamada taluk 1 to 13, 15 to 24, 26 24 197 3 955.08 Code No. 14, 25 are in region -. 3.11.4.7

I. 8.11.4.7 Penukonda taluk 1 to 5, 17 to 24, 41 20 Code No.6 to 16, 25 to 40, 47 Penukonda- to 46, 52 to SI are in region Kadiri Forested 3.11.4.4 A Upland Hio2upur taluk 1 to 37, 62 to 65 41 Code No. 38 to 61 are in region 3.11.4.4A Chennakothapalle 31, 32 2 taluk

Dharmavaram 30, 31 2 taluk

Sri Satya Sai 1,2,3,8,9,10,12, 16 Code No.4 to 7, 11, 14,16 to 26, taluk 13, J5, 27, 28,38, 29 to 37, 41 to 49 are 39, 40, 50, 51 in region 3.11.4.6

Nallamala taluk 14, 25,27 to 71 47 Code No. 15 to 24, 26 are in region 3.11.4.6

Kadiri taluk 1 to 75 75 203 4000.00

221 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS

District: Anantapur Census Location Code No. I2 State : Andhra Pradesh ------4. State District Division Name of Geology Soils Physio-cultural Characteristics Number & Administrative Name Division

2 3 4 5 6 7

Andhra Anantapur 3.11.4.1 Rayadurg, Archaean and Ustalfs­ It has an average height between Pradesh Upper Kanekal, Lower Pre­ Tropepts 400 and 500 mtrs. and a slope to­ Vedavati Kambadur, Cambrian and wards the north. It is characterised Plain Kalyandurg, Usterts­ by dry channels and ponds, sparse Uravakonda and USlalfs~ vegetation, cultivated land and Gooty taluks Tropepts sparse settlements.

3.11.4.2 Kalyandurg Archaean Ustalfs­ With an absolute relief of 600 Kalyandurg and Kambadur, and Pre­ Tropepts mtrs. and above and. slope towards Upland taluks Cambrian the west it is drained by numerous prrenniHI and dry channels and ponds. It has forest patches, a few h,llocks, scrubs and sparse settle­ ment dispersion.

3,11.4.3 Madakasira Archaean, Ustalfs­ With an average height between Madakasira tal uk and Pre­ Tropepts 600 and 900 mtrs. and a slope to­ Upl:md Cambrian wards the west it is charactertised by a few hills, dry ponds, forest patc­ hes, scrubs and sparse settlements.

3.11.4.4 (A) Penukonda, Archaean Ustalfs­ Being drained by the upper Pennar River Madakasira and Tropepts course of the Pennar along with its Upper Bllsill Hindupur tabks seasonal tributHries it has Hn average height between 600 and 650 mtrs., a northwards slope, frequent dry ponds and almost evenly dispersed settlements.

,3.11.4.4 (B) Anantapur, Archaean Ustalfs­ With an average height of 500 Pennar River Kanekal, Tropepts mtrs. and a slope towards the Upper Basin Kalyandurg, north it is characterised by numerous Kambadur and dry channels, scrubs, cultivated land Chennekothapalle and sparse but almost evenly dis­ taluks persed settlements.

3.11.4.5 Gooty, Ananta­ Archaean and Usterts­ Having an average height between :rennar River pur, Singanamala, Pee-Cambrian Orthents 300 and 500 mtrs. and a slope to. Middle Basin Uravakonda and (Dhaewarl and wards the east it shows numerous dry Tadpatrj taluks Cuddapah) Usler!s- channels, ponds, forest patches dense Tropepts scrubs, a few hillocks, cultivated lanll and sparse settlements. 1 2 3 4 s 6 7

3.11.4.6 Anantapur, Tad. Archaean and Usta/fs­ With an average height between Anantapur­ patri, Chenne· Lower Pre­ Tropepts 300 and 500 mtrs. and a north·east Dharmavaram kothapalle, Sri Cambrian and wards slope it is drained by the Region Satya Sai, Usterts Thadkal Bru, Pedda vanka, Chitrao Dhrmavaram, vati, Maditeru etc. It shows small Singanamala and hills, dry ponds, forest patches, N.lIamada taluks scrubs and about even settlements.

3.1 1.4.7 Penukonda, Archaean and Usta/fs- With an average height between Penukonda Hindupur, Lower Pre· Tropepts 500 and 800 mtrs. and a slope to· l(adiri Forested Chennekotha pa lie, Cambrian and wards the north it is characterised by Upland Dharmavaram, Usterts rugged surface, hills, forest p' tches, Sri SatYa Sai, dense scrubs, dry channels, ponds Nallam ida and and randomly dispersed settle· Kadiri taluks ments.

223 KURNOOL DISTRICT

REGIONAL DIVISIONS

Kurnool district falls in Rayalaseema (3.1 1.4) are found associated with Orthents in a significant micro region as evolved in the present system of zone. At the south-eastern corner extension of Usterts­ regionalisation. The district lies approximately bet­ Orthents are also noticed. The district has thick ween the north latitudes of 14° 54' and 16° 18, and forest cover which remain green over quite a long the eastern longitudes of 76°58' and 79°34'. It is period. Superior quality of teak is found in the reser spread over an area of 17 658 km2 inhabiting a popu­ ved forest areas in hills. Bamboo and mountain hay lation of 2407299 persons according to 1981 CensuS. are the other important floras growing in tbe district. River Krishna and its tributary river Tungabhadra In the northern parts, where- the jungle is poor, there form' the northern boundary of the district while are extensive pastures. The climate is characterised NaUamala hills run along the eastern border in north­ by a hot summer· The south-west monsoon season south direction. A major part of these hills is sprelld appears from June to September. It receives an average in thi:; district. These hills of Eastern Ghats have annual rainfall of 848 mm. The plateau areas in more than 700 metres height above the mean sea level. western part are very hot in May-June (mean monthly The other notable hill range called Erramala lies over temperature exceeding 40°C). the central part of the district in Kuenool. Dhone and Banganapalle taluks. The average height of these The varied physiographic condition of the district hills is between 400 and 600 metres. The remaining justifies .its sub-divisions into following seven sub­ part of the district consists of Alur and Adoni-Dhone micro regions. plateau in south-western part and plain along Tunga­ bhadra in the northern part and areas in between 3.11.4.1 Alur Plateau Nallamala and Erramala hill ranges. River Tunga.­ bhadra separates the district from TeJangana area. The region covering the maximum part of AJur The main drainage follows the Krishna drainage taluk lies in the south-western corner of the district. system. The important tributaries besides Tunga­ With an average height of 450 metres the region bhadra are Hindri and Bavanasti. The rivers of this generally slopes towards the west. The surface con­

system flowing in this district are north and north­ figuration is flat topped with occasional areas of rese- .> east bound. Rivers in eastern part join Penner river rved forests and scattered scrubs. The entire plateau system and flow from north to south. The notable consists of Archaean gneisses. The soils belong to river of this system is Kunderu which rises in the Usterts-iropepts sub-order association· Most part is western side of Erramalais and flows in the valley cultivated. Settlements are scattered and the region region in between Erramala and Nallamala hills. is entirely rural having 83 villages. Its total area is 1 264.00 km2 which is inhabited by 127 657 persons. The western areas of the district are entirely deve­ It is a moderately populated region of the district 2 loped on Archaean gneisses. The hilly areas in eastern with a density of 101 persons per km • and central parts of the district are composed of Upper Pre-Cambrian rocks while the central part in 3.11.4.2 TUdgabbadra-Hindri Plain between these hill ranges belongs to Lower Palaeozoic­ Upper Pre-Cambrian period. Massive effusives of The region comprises Yemmiganur as a whole and Cuddapah trap belonging to Pre-Cambrian period are Adoni, Pattikonda, Kodumur and Kurnool taluks in seen over Erramala hills. Major part of the district is parts. The major part of the region falls between the covered under Usterts-Tropepts soil sub-order associa­ Tungabbadra and Hindri rivers which unite at the tion. In eastern part Tropepts and Rock Outcrops north·eastelD corner of the region, In general, the

224 topography is even with scattered hillocks. The slope extension of Archaean gneisses also occurs. Effusives is tO\'l ards the north-east and the average height ranges of Cuddapab are seen extensively beded over the between 300 and 500 metres. There are random region. The main soil sub-order association found areas of forests and open scrubs The region prima- is Usterts· Tropepts while Orthents-Tropepts-Rock: .rily belongs to Archaean rocks. H,lwever, a few Outcrops are found in some upper parts. Settlements areas along Tungabbadra and Hin1ri have deposits are sparse and located far apart alongwith agricultural of Lower and Upper Pre-Cambrian rocks The main areas. It contains 38 villages and 1 town. Its total soils found in the region are Usterts-Tropepts. With area is 1241.00 km2 which is inhabited by 105639 suitable agricultural conditions the region shows a persons of which 94 897 persons reside in rurlll and fairly dense settlement distribution. It contains 214 10742 persons in urban areas. The region has a low villages and 1 town. Enc()mpassing an area of density of population measuring 8S persons per kms, 2 134.00 km2 the region is inhabited by 451 419 per­ sons. Out of these. 400 71 ~ persons reside in rural 3.11 4.5 Kurnool-Nandikotkur Plain and SO 701 persons in urban areas. The region bears a higher concentration of population and ranks second This plain region covers the parts of Nandikotkur. in the district in terms of its density of population Kumool and Atmakur taluks. Fal1ing in between 2 (212 persons per km ). Erramala and NalJamala hills the northern boundary of the region is made by river Tungabhadra which 3.11.4.3 AdoDi-Dhone Plateau later joins river Krishna along this border. Being a level plain most part of the region is cultivated and This plateau extending mainly over Hindrl river densely populated. However. a few small forest areas catchment covers the parts of Adoni. Alur, Pattikonda are also seen in eastern and western margins of the Kodumur, Kurnool and Dhone taluks. The region region. There are many perennial ponds and tanks. is characteriled by undulated surface with the existence. Its geology belogns to Lower Palaeozoic-Upper Pre­ of hillocks and areas of rocky waste. The general slope Cambrian period with the occurrence of a Pre-Camb­ Is towards north-east. 1here are 8 few areas of rian (Cuddapah trap) effusive on the western margins reserved forests and scrubs mainly spread in the of the region. The main soil sub-order association eastern part in the vicinity of Erramala hills The found is Usterts-Tropepts. Settlements are evenly plateau i8 made up of Archaean gneisses. The main distributed and relatively large in size. It includes 110 loil lIub-order association occuring in the region is villages and 3 towns. With an area of 1 828.00 km2 Usterts-Tropepts. Settlements are sparse and small the region is inhabited by 507 932 persons. Out of in sizes. These are found associated with cultivated the total, 256 515 persons reside in rural and 251 417 areas which are expansive. It consists of 160 villages persons in urban areas. The region has the highest 2 and 2 towns covering an area of 3442.00 km • The population concentration in the district and ranks region Inhabits 478 688 persons as per 1981 Census. first in terms of population density which is 278 Out of theset 347 240 persons reside in rural and 2 persons per km • ..... 131 448 persons In urban areas. The region is modera­ tely populated in the district with a density of 139 2 3.11.4.5 Nandyal-BanganapaJle-AHagadda Plain persons per km •

3.11.4.4 Erramala Hills The region coinciding with Kunderu river valley lies in between Erramala and Nallamala hills which In the central part of the district ErramaJa hilJs make its western and eastern boundaries respectively. lies tn southwest-northeast direction. This hilly region It covers whole of Koilkuntla taluk and the parts of comprises tbe parts of Kurnoo). Nandya). Dhone snd Nandikotkur, Nandyal, Allagadda and BanganapalJe Banganapalle taluks. It has a rugged topography taluks. River Kunderu a tributary of river Penner wltb bills of more tban 600 metres height above the flows in tbe central part in southern direction. The mean sea level. Tbese hills are mainly covered Madduleru and J urreru on the west and the Galecu and witb forests of teak and bamboo groves. Significant vakkileru on the eaat are the chief feeders of Kunderu. areas of mountain hay and scrub are also seen over with an average height between 200 and 300 metres tbe region. Erramala hills are composed of Upper the region slopes towards the south. The region is mai­ Pro-Cambrian rock.. In the eastern part of the region nly composed of Lower Palaeozoic-Upper'Pee-Cambrian

~2S CENSUS OF_lNDIA MAP 30 .. ~------~------I ANOHRA PRADESH KURNOOL DISTRICT CENSUS CODE 13 s R c REGIONAL DIVISIONS

10 II 20 21

KI LOMETRES

H 8 U

U R

o

R.F. oct

VI

0::

Q.

s·

10l LI

U 0 0 p .

Bound ary, St a t~ Bou ndary, Distr ict Bound arv , Ta (oK

Vi l lage H a~ing SOOO And Ab o"', Popu laticn J·II ·'·( 4.lUR PLATEAU Urba r\ Aru RI 3·1"'·2 TUHGABHADRA- HINORI PLAIN Ra il wav line with slolion, Brood lJoug. -!!i- ...... ,_RI ] · II ·,,· J AO ONI - OHONE PLATEAU ~.t r t Gauge , 3·I H·4 Nil tiona l Highwa y - ERRAMALA HILLI ~

Stalt H ig~W2Y • •• 1 _IH_ J.iH ·5 KURNOOHANOIKOT KUR PlAI N OHm Important Rood,s 3·11·(.6 NANOYAl - BANGANAPAL lE - ALLA GAODA PlAtl 6 5~ ORTHENTS - TROPEPTS - ROCK OUTCROPS Rim ~ 3·1104 ·7 HALLAMALA HILLI ~ 95 UITERTS - TROPEPTS 97 USTERTS - ORTHENTS RQgl o ~ a l DI~ISlon I 3 · 11 , 1

o ARCHAEAN 1'1 ~ U PPERPRE-CAt-1BR IA N(1 J ::::o~~~~=~= ~~_~~~=~ ~~~~~ r § LOWER PRE-CAMBRIAN I' ) S"b -M" " w

227

District : Kllrnool Census Location Code No. 13 State: Andbra Pradesh

District Region No.j No. of villages No. of towns Area in km2 in region Population in region Name in each region in regionj ------( 19&1) as evolved Name T R U ------~- T R u

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Kurnool 3.11.4.1 83 villages No town 1 264.00 1 264.00 127 657 127 657 Alur Plateau (83, in Altp: taluk)

3.11.4.2 214 villages 1 town 2 134.00 2119.50 14.50 4$1419 400 718 SO 701 l'hungabha. (98 in Adoni. I. Yemmiaanur dra - Hindri 55 in Plain Yemminagur, 8 in Pattikonda, 33 in Kodumur and 20 in Kurnool taluks)

.3.11.4.3 160 villages 2 towns 3442.00 S 409.2' 32.71 471611 347240 13144. Adoni- (24 in Adoni, I. Adoni Dhone 11 in Alur, 2. Dhone Plateau 65 in Pattikonda, 4 in Kodumur. 3 in Kurnool and 55 in Dhone talub)

.3.11.4.4 38 villages I town 1 241.00 I 240.56 0.44 lOS 63f '4197 II 74.2 Erramala (4 in Kurnool. 1. Buuanipalle Hills 2 in Nandyal, 24 in Dhone and 8 in Ban- ganapalle taluka)

3.11.4.5 no villases 3 towns 1128.00 1 787.S1 40.6' S07 "2 ~" 515 lSI 41f Kurnool- (49 in Nandi- 1. Atmakur Nandikotkur kotkur, .3 3 in 2. Kurnool Plain Kurnool and 3. Nandikotkut 28 in AtJDakur taluks)

229 t 2 4 5 7 8 9 10

3.11.4.6 256 villages 3 town!! 4 873.00 4 822.64 50.36 570 375 448 997 121378 NandyaI- (6 in Nandi- I. NandyaI BanganapaIIe-- kotkur, 54 2. AIIagadda AIIagadda in NandyaI, 3. Banganapalle Plain 92 in Koilkuntla, 58 in Allagadda and 46 in Banganapalle taluks)

3.11.4.7 64 villages I town 2 876.00 2 870.04 5.96 165 589 141676 23 913 Nallamala (18 in Atmakur, I. Srisailam Hills 17 in Project Nandyal and Township 29 in AUagadda Right flank taluks) Colony ·REGION-WISE VILLLGE COPES. 1911

District: J[umool Census Location Code No. 13 State : Anclbra Pradesh

- Location Code Total No. of Area of Remarp S1. Division Taluk No. Number II No. of Census villages in Regional Name villages 1981 ------Division Taluk Dhlsion in JunI

1 3 4 5 6 7 8

I. 3.11.4.1 AIur taluk 1 to 14, 18 to 33, 42 83 83 1 264.00 Code No. 15 to 17, 34 to 4 are Alur Plateau to 94 in region 3.11.4.3

2. 3.n.4.2 Adoni taluk 1 to 98 '8 Tungabhadra- Hindri Plain Yemmiganur 1 to 55 S5 Code No. 38 is merged in Yemmi· talul< Banur town. Pattikonda I to 5, 15,16, 17 8 Code No.6 to 14- are in region taluk 3.11.4.3 Kodumur 1 to 30, 33, 34, 35 93 Code No. 31, 32 are in region taluk 3.11.4.3 Kurnool taluk 1, 4 to 10, 20 to 20 214 2 134.00 Code No.2, 3, 1 J to 19, 26 to 38 25, 39 to 43, 45 are in region 3.11.4.5 and Code No. 44 is in region 3.11.4.3

3. 3.11.4.3 Adoni taluk 99 to 122 24 Code No. tiD to 113 are fully and Adoni - Dhone 119 is partly included in Plateau Adoni town. AIur taluk 15,16,17, 34 to 41 II Code No. 18 to 33 are in region 3.11.4.1 Pattikonda 6 to 14, 18 to 73 65 Code No. 15 to 17 are in region taluk 3.11.4.2 Kodumur 31,32, 36.37 4 Code No. 33 to 35 are in region taluk 3.11.4.2 Kurnool 44,46,47 3 Code No. 45 is in region 3.tl.4.2 taluk Dhone taluk I to 29, 42, 43, 47 53 160 3 442.00 Code No. 30 to 41, 44 to 46 are to 68 in region 3.11.4.4 and Code No. 48 is partly in Dhone town.

4. 3.11.4.4 Kurnool 56, 58, 59, 60 4 Code No. 57 is in region 3.11.4.S Erramala Hills taluk Nandyal taluk 25, 26 2 Dhone taluk 30 to 41, 44, 45, 46, 24 Code No. 42, 43, 47 to 68 are in 69 to 77 region 3.11.4.3 Code No• .7. is merged in Bagpni. palle town.

BlU'lpnapalle 11, 24 to lIO 8 3.8 1 241.00 Code No. 12 to 23 arc in reaioD taluk .. 3.11~4.6

~31 I 2 3 4 S 6 7 8

Nandikotkur 1 to 38, 40 to ~O 49 Code No. 39 is in region 3.11.4.a S. 3.1I.4.S . - - __ . Code No. 27 lCurnool- taluk is merged Nandikotkur in Nandikotkur town, Plain Kurnool 2, 3, 11 to 19, 26 to 33 Code No.4 to to, 20 to 25, 39 to taluk 38, 48 to 55,57 43, 45 are in region 3.11.4.2 and Code No. 44, 46, 47 are in region 3.1).4.3 and_56 thu~gion 3.11.4.4 Code No 3, 4 II are included in ~urnool town.

Atmakur 1 to 12,18 to 31, 28 110 1 828.00 Code No. t3 to 17, 32, 33 are in taluk 34,35 region 3.11.4.7. Code No, 19 is partly merged iD Atmakur town.

,. U1.4.6 Nandikotkur 39, 51 to 55 Code No. 40 to 50 are in region Nandyal- taluk 3.11.4.5 Banganapalle- AUagadda Plain Nandyal I to 3, 14 to 24, 27 to S4 Code No.9 to 13, 40 to 46 58 to taluk 39, 47 to 57, 63 to 73 62 are in region 3.11.4.7 and Code No. 25, 26 arc in region 3.tI.4.4

Allagadda 2 to 20, 28 to 37, 42 sa Code No. 21 to 27, 38 to 41, 4S, taluk to 47, 50, 55 to 66, 49, 51 to 54, 67 to 73, 74 to 81, 86, 87 82 to 85 are in region 3.1l.4.7 Code No. 6i, 64 are merged in AUagadd4 town.

KoilkuntIa 1 to 92 '2 taluk Banganapalle 1 to 10, 12 to 23, 31 46 256 4 873.00 Code No. 11,24 to 30 are in region taluk to 54 3.11.4.4 Code No.47 and S6 are partly included in' Nandyal town.

Code No. 18 to 31, 34, 35 are is 3.11.4.7 Atmakur 13 to J7, 32, 33, 13 V. region 3.11.4.5 Code No Nallamala Hills taluk 36 to 46 16 is included in Sri Sailam Project township.

Nandyal ~ to 13, 40 to 46, 51 17 Code No. t 4 to 24, 27 to 39, 47 taluk to 62 to 57 are in region 3.11.4.6 and Code No. 25, 26 are in region 3.11.4.4 Code No. 32& ~3 are included in Banganapalle town. Ulagadda J, 21 to 27, 38 to 41, 29 64 28 76.00 Code No.2 to 20, 28 to 37, 42 to aluk 48, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 47,50,55t066,74to 67 to 73, 82 to 85 81 are in region 3.11.4.6

232 STATEMENT ON REGION·WISE PHYSIO·CULTURAL DETAILS

State: Andbra Pradesb District : KurDool CenSQS Location Code No. 13

Soils Physio-cultqral Chllracteristic& Statll District Division Name of Geolo~y Number & Administrative Name Division

6 7 1 2 3 4 5

Ustl'rts­ With an average height between Andhra Kurnool 3.1'.4. t Alur taluk Archaean 400 and 500 mtrs. and a slope to­ Pradesh Alur Plateau Tropepts wards the west. It i. a plateau with cultivated land, patches Of forest, stony waste and scrub<. Settlements are sparsely located. The bigger ones are Alur, Holalarundi, Nagaruru and Chippigiri. The region has spinal network of transport radiating from Alur.

With an average height between 3.11.4.2 Adoni, Yemmi· Archaean, Usterfs- 300 and 500 mtfS. and a slope Tungabhadra­ ganur, Pattikonda, Upper Pre- Tropepts towards the north-east it is a plain Hindri Plain Kodumur and Cambri1n and Kurnool taluks Lower Pre­ being characterised by a good Cambrian amount of cultivated land, random patches of forests, scrubs and hillocks. Settlements are almost evenly distributed although sparse. Bigger settlements are ¥emm;ganur, Kosigi. Gudur, Pejapali, Veldurti etc. Transport network is good.

With an average height between 5.11.4.3 Adoni, Alur, Archaean, UsterftJ - and 479 lIod 517 mtrs. and slope towards Adoni - Dhonl;l Pattikonda Upper Pre­ Tropepts Orthents­ the north-east, it is a plateau region PlateaU Kodumur, Kur­ Cambrian and nool and Lower Pre­ Tropepts­ having some patches of reserved Dhone taluks Cambrian Rock Out­ forests, viz., Adoni, Partikonda, crops Gondlakonda etc. Two main rivers Hindri and Pedda vanka are flowing in the region. Cultivation is not so much developed. Settle­ ments are sparsely located. Adoni and Dhone are the urban ceotres of thiS region. Transport network is developed.

Orrhents- The region shows an average hei- 3.11.4.'+ Kurnool, Upper Tropepts- ght between 400 and 600 mtrs abo.e Erramala Hills Nandyal. Dhone Pre· Cambrian and Bangana­ and Pre­ Rock Outcrops the sea level. It has a rugged topogra- paJle taluks Cambrian and phy along with patches of cultivated Effusives Usterls- land. Significant patches of forests Tropepts and scrubs are located Settlements are very rare and small in sizes Buggaoipalle is the only urban centIC. Transport net work is good.

233 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

3.11.4.5 Nandikotkur, Lower Palaeo­ Usterts­ The region is plain with an aver- " Kurnool­ Kurnool and zoic-Upper Tropepts age height of 4{){) mtrs anove sea Nandikotkur Atmakur taluks Pre-Cambrian level and slopes towards the north. It Plain aud Pre­ shows a good amount of cultivated Cambrian land along with a few forest patches Effusives and perennial ponds/tanks. Settleme­ nts are evenly dispersed. Major ones are Kurnool, Nandikotkur and Atmakur. Transport network is developed.

3.11.4.6 Nandikotkur, Lower Palaeo­ Orthents­ With an average height between Nandyal­ Nandyal, AIla­ zoic- Upper Tropepts 200 and 300 mtrs above the sea level Banganapalle­ gadda, KoiI­ Pre-Cambrian Rock Out­ and a slope towards the south. Alla&adda Plain kuntla, and and Upper crops, It is drained by nUIPerous dry Banganapalle PIt-Cambrian Usterts­ and perennial channels with talub Tropepts and numerous ponds/tanks. The region Usterts­ is cultivated with even dispersion Orthents of settlements. Bigger settlements are Velugodu, Nandyal, Poman, Banganapalle and Allagadda. Trans­ port network is developed.

3.11.4.7 Atrnakur, Upper Pre­ Orthents- Stretching in north-south direc- Nallamala Hills Nandyal and Cambrian Tropepts- tion it has an average height between Allagadda taluka Rock Outcrops, 400 and 700 mtrs. The region is Usterts- characterised by rugged topography, Tropepts and hillocks, scrubs, wastes, etc. It is Usterts- mostly covered wilh forestes, Orthents Settlements are smaller in size and rare in occurrence. Srisailam Projec. Township Right Flank Colony it the only town located in this region

234 NELLORti: DISTlUCt

REGIONAL DIVISIONS

Nellore district, the southern most coastal district of Upper Pre-Cambrian period. The middle part or of Andhra Pradesh belongs to the Southern Andhra the district mainly condsts of Arc'llaean and Lower Coastal Plain (4.3.4) micro region. It lies approximately Pee-Cambrian rock,. Tne coastal part of the district between the latitudes 13° 30' and 15° 6' north and has Psamments-Fluvents soil sub-order assooiation tongitudes 70° 5' and 80° IS' east. Tne district extends characterising sandy alluvial soils The rest of the over an area of 13 076 km2 accounting for 2 014 879 district mainly belongs to red loamy soils where Tro­ persons as per 1981 Census. It consists of 15 taluks pepts is found associated with Ustalfs. The climate with 1 182 villages and 8 towns. of th" district is salubrious. May-June are the hottest months with mean maximum temperature of about Physil)grapnicllly, th~ district, in general, is flat 39°0. The rainfall is uncertain and is rccei ved from and of low elevation. The maximum height exceeding both north-east and south-west monsoons. It receives 1000 metres is observed along its western border where good rainfall with an average annual of 1 047 mm. Velikonda range stretching in north·south direction rainfall. bounds the district. The height decreases towards the Keeping these physiographic characteristics in view, east to merge along the coast facing the Bay of Bengal the district has been sub-divided into following seven The sandy coastal belt extends from the sea for 5 to 7 sub-micro regions. kms interior, all along t he length of the district. There are numerous back water channels along the coast, the 4.3.4.1 VelikoDda RaDge best known among them is the Pulicat lake, located in The region covers the western margin of the dist­ the southern margin of the district. Towards the rict and includes the parts of Udayagiri, Atmakur. extreme south· east is Island of Sriharikota where the Podalakur, Rapur and Venkatagiri taluks. This hilly East Coast Rocket Launching Station is located. The region is mostly covered with reserved forests, dense astern hllf of th! di,trict is fertile with large paddy scrn bs and jungles. These are of dry deciduous type . ..._ cultivating areas. The coast is fringed with large tracts These hills are made up of ancient crystalline rocks of shrub jungles interspersed with coconut, palmyrah, belonging to Pre-Cambrian period. Specifically, cashew and casuarina plantations. The western half is these belong to Upper Pee-Cambrian formations. relatively higher in altitude and the height of Velikonda The main soils are Ustalfs-Tropepts while Psamments range in the western margin of the district exceeds 1000 & Fluvents are associated with Tropepts in the area metres. There are large areas of reserved forests and along Penner river which cuts down tbese hills in the cen­ low shrub jungles diversified with rocky hills and stony tral part of the region. The region is spread over an area plains. The main rivers which drain the district arc of 130000 kmll. It is entirely rural and has 39 villages tbe Penner and Swarnamukhi. The numerous minor inhabited by 37935 persons. The region is least streams in the district are little more than mountain populated in the district with a density of 29 persons torrents and their beds lie so low beneath the adjoining 2 per km • Jands that their water is seldom available for irrigation purposes. All drainage falls in to the Bay of Bengal. 4.3.4.2 Udayagiri-Atmakur Region The region occupies the parts of Atmakur, Udaya­ The coastal plain area consists of Recent alJuvium giri and Vinjamllr taluka. River Penner forms the and Pleistocene-laterites while the Velikonda range in southern boundary of the region while Velikonda western part of the district is composed of old rocks range bounds it from the west. Besides Penner, the 235 important rivers draining the region are Pilla peru and 4.3.4 5. Nellore-Sullurpet Coastal Plain Baggeru. The region is a plain and the general slope tends towards south-east· There are few scattered The region mainly covers the soutI:tern coastal part areas of reserved forests in the central and we,tern of Nellore district and is separated from the former parts of the region. It mainly consists of the Lower region (43.4.4) by river Penner which makes the nort­ Pre-Cambrian rocks with some occurrences of Archaean hern boundary of the region. It includes the parts of­ gneiss in fringe areas. The main soils are U~talfs­ Indukurpet. NelJore. Gudur, Vakadu, Naidupet and Tropepts whIle T ropepts-Psamments-Fluvents are Sullurpet taluks. It is also sandy plain formed by the found in a small area along Penner river. This sand depo~ited by sea and the rivers Penner and region is entirely rural and has recorded 173 Villages Swarnamukhi and their tributaries. There are numerous 2 covering an area of 2 550.00 km • It is inhabited by back waters along the coast, the best known is Pulicat 263 612 persons as per 1981 Census with a density of lake located in the southern corner of (he region. 2 103 persons per km • Recent alluvium is found deposited throughout the region and the main soils are Psamments-Fluvents. 4.3.4.3 Sangam-Kavali Plain Like its counterpart (region No. 4.3.4.4) this regIOn is also mostly cultivated with large areas of paddy culti­ The region extends over the part of Kavali, But­ '~tlon. The settlements are compact and large in chireddlpalem, Vinjamur and Kovur taluks. The sizes. The region cJntains 269 villages and 2 towns. river Penner forms the southern boundary of the Its tot~l area is 2 525.00 km~ which is inhabited by region while coastal plain lies in the east of this 586 147 persons. Out of these, 328 087 persons reside region. The region is a plain with few patches of in rural and 258060 persons 10 urb.tn areas. It ranks reserved forests scattered in the northern part. Geo­ second in terms of denSity of population which is com­ puted as 232 persons per km2 • logically, it belongs to Archaean period and consists of gneisses. The main solis are Usta]fs-Tropepts. Most part of the region is under cultivation. Settle­ 4.3.4.6 Rapur-Podalakur Plain ments are mainly concentrated in the southern part. It contains 99 villages and one town inhabited by 232 199 The region lying over the central part of the district persons of which 221 539 reside in rural and 1u 600 in comprises the parts of Podalakur, Indukurpet, Rapur, urban areas. Encompas~ing an area of 1 huO.OO km2 NeJlore and Gudur taluks. River Penner forms its the region is moderately populated with a density of northern boundary while Velikonda ra nge lies in the 129 persons per km2 according to 1981 Census. west and coastal plain (Nellore-Sullurpet Coastal Plain) in the east of tbls region. Tbus, this plain region 4.3.4 .... Kovur-Alluru Coastal Plain is mainly developed between the coastal plain and the Eastern Ghats. The western part along Velikonda range The region lies in the extreme north-eastern part is rough and has some reserved forest areas. The of the district along the coast. River Penner forms its region exhibits low hillocks, scattered reserved forests southern boundary. Administratively. it covers the and some dense scrubs. It is mainly composed of Lower ' parts of Kavali, Butchireddipalem and Kovur taluks. Pre-Cambrian rocks. However, there occur some It is a sandy plain mainly formed of sea deposits. The extensions of Upper Pre-Cambrian and Archaean rocks western part of the region is elevated and has PleisfO­ in the western part and Recent alluvium in the eastern cene laterite deposits. The major part of the region is The main soil sub-order found is Ustalfs-Tropepts~ covered under Recent alluvium. The main sod sub­ The region includes 189 villages covering an area of 2 order association found is Psamments-FJUvents. Settle­ 2 275.00 km • It is entirely rural with a popUlation of ments are compact and larger in size. It contains 74 236 683 persons. It has a density of 104 persons 2 2 villages and 2 towns. With an area Qf 750.00 km the per km • region is inhabited by 280 784 persons. Of these 212252 persons reSIde in rural and 68 532 persons in 4.3.4.7 Venkatagirj-Gudur Plain urban areas. The region shows the highest population concentration in the district with a denSity of 374 Falling in the southern most part of the district 2 persons per km • this region also lies in between Velikonda range and

236 the Netlore-Sullurpet Coastal Plain. Administratively, Some areas along Swarnamukhi river have Fiuvents parts of Venkatagiri. Naidupet, Gudur, Vakadu and occuring in association with Tropepts. Most part of Sullurpet taluks are covered under this region. Except the region is under cultivation. Settlements are dense a few scattered hillocks and scrubs. the entire region and spread evenly. There are 361 villages and 3 towns. is plain. River Swarnamukhi flows in the south-eastern Encompassing an area of 1 876.00 km2 these inhabit

> part in north-eastern direction. The region is mainly 377 519 persons according to 1981 Census. Out of these developed on Archaean gneisses. In eastern part It few 296 382 persons reside in rural and 81 137 in urban areas along coastal plain consist of Recent alluvium areas. The density of popUlation is as high as 201 per­ 2 and Pleistocene laterites. The main soil sub-order sons per km . association occuring in the region is Ultalfs-Tropepts.

237

CENSUS OF INDIA MAP31

ANOHRA PRADESH NELLORE DISTRICT ' CENSUS CODE 09 REGIONAL DIVISIONS o 5 10 15 20 A K KILDIo4E TRES

o

800t«lARY, STATE

BOUNDARY, DISTRICT

BOUNDARY, TALUK

VILLAGe: HAVING 5000 AND ABOVE POPlA.A TION

URBAN AREA

~AILWAY LINE WITH STATlON,BP.OAo UAl.JGE •..

NATIONAL HIOHWAY

STATE HIGHWAY _5_"_ OTHER ROADS o U­ RIVER o

o ======::7'MICRO ______.~~= -=-Jil-= j

SUB- MICRO WIT H BOUNDARY ______~- -;_' ;;..;, " BOUNDARY. FOREST ______

[Rud the: ~quc:"':c: oj rt'91OtICIl divisions with rl!:lc:~ncc to the all India u

map .:odu LIpID 31iuJ

"'''l, GEOLOGY so I L 5 r , r 'bbO ~ o "\ 'MS 'M5 o OJ

/

c

4 . 3 4 . 1 VEUKOI'oOA RANGE 4 . 3 4.2 lJOAYAGIRI-ATMAt{UR REGION 4 3 . 4.3 SANGAM _KAVAU PlAlN 4 . 3 4 . 4 KOVUA_ ALLURU ' COASTAL PLAIN ~ 4 . 3 .4.5 NELLORE-SUlWR-PET COASTAL- PLAIN 4 3 4 . 6 RAPlR-PODALAKUR PLAIN ~ 12 US TALF5-~PE PTS 4 3 . '.7 VENKATAGlRI-GUDUR PLAIN

~ 36 PSAMMENlS-fLUVENTS

lli:J..<,3 FLUVENTS-TROPEPTS

t§ 68 TROPEPTS- PSAMMENTS-fLUVENTS

Q

DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS

District: Nellore CeDSUS Location Code No. 09 State: Andhra Pradesh

District Region No, of villages No ...f towns Area in km2 in region Population in region No.jName in each region in region ------(1981) as evolved T R U ------T R. U

2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10

Nellore 4,3.4.1 39 villages No town 1 300.00 1 300.00 379.JS 37 '15 Velikon. (21 in Udayagiri da Range 3 in Atmakur I in Podalakur, 12 in Rapur and 2 in Venkdtagiri laluks)

4.3.4,2 1; 3 villages No town 25S0,OO 25S0.00 263612 2636lZ Udayagiri- (77 in Atmakur. 68 in Atmakur Udayagiri and 28 in Resion Vinjamur taluks)

4.1.4.3 99 villages 1 town 1 800.00 1 792.00 8.00 232 199 221 539 10660 Sangam- (24 in Kavali, 44 in 1. Kovur. Kavali Vinjamur, 26 in Buchi- palle Plain reddipalem and 5 in Kovur taJuks)

4.3.3.4 74 villages rz towns 750.00 720.'70 29.30 280784 2122S1 68 S32 Kovur- (IS in Kavali, 21i in 1. Kovur Alluru Butchireddipalem and 2. Kavali Coastal 33 in Kovur taluks) Plain

4.3.4.5 269 villages tZ towns 2 S25.00 24SUQ 6MO ~86 147 328087 258060 Nellore- (5} in lndukurupet 1. Nellore Sullurpet 20 in Nellore, 12 in 2. SuBurpet Coastal Gudur, 85 ia Vakadu, Plain 2 in Naidupet and '9 in Sullurpet taluks)

4.3.4.6 189 villages No town iZ 275.00 2275.00 - 236683 236683 Rapul- (57 in Podalakur 61 in Podalakur Rapur 38 in Oudur Plain 32 In Nellore and 1 in Indukurupot taluks)

4.3.4.7 361 villages 3 towns 1 876,00 1 856.50 19,50 377519 296382 81137 Venkata. (194 in Venkatagiri 105 in I. Gudur giri- Naidupet, 10 in Sullurpet, 2. Naidupet Oudur 12 in Vakadu and 3. Vcnkatagiri Plain 40 in Gudur taluks)

241 REGION-WISE VILLAGE CODES, 1981

District : Nellore Census Location Code No. 09 State: Andbra Pradesh

SI. Division Taluk Location Code Total No. of Area of Remarks No. Number & No. of Census villages in Regional Name villaaes )98l Divisions Taluk Division in kmll

3 4 S 6 7 8

1. 4.3.4.1 UdaYlgiri 1 to 14, 17, 18, 48, 49, 21 Code No. IS. 16, 19 to 47. SO to Vellkonda taluk 66,17, 88 56, 58 to 65, 67 to 86 Range are in region 4.3.4.2

Atmakur 70,71,72 3 taluk

podalakur 2 1 taluk

Rapur taluk 1 to 6, 12, 14, 16, 20, 12 Code No.7 to II, 13, 15,17 to 19 21,57 22, to 56 are in region 4.3.4.6

Venkatagiri 98, 138 2 39 1 300.00 Code No.7 to 1,13, IS, 7 to 19, taluk 22 to '6 are region 4.3.4.7

2. 4.3.4.2 Atmakur 1 to 69, 73 to 80 77 Code No. 70 to 72 are in region Udayagiri- taluk 4.3.4.l Atmakur Region Udayagiri 15, 16, 19 to 47, 50 to 68 Code No. ]7, ]8, 48. 49, 66, 87, tal uk 56, 58 to 65. 67 to 86, 88 are in region 4.3.4.1 89,90 Code No. S7 is now Code No. 72 of Vinjamur tal uk.

Vinjamur 1 to 12, U, 3S to 28 173 2 SSO.OO Code No. 13, 14, 16 to 34, 43 to 6' taluk 42,66 to 72 are in reaion 4.3.4.3

3. 4.3.4.3 Kavall taluk I to 6, 13, 15, 17 to 24 Code No.7 to 12, 14. 16, 31 to 37 Sangam·_ 30, 38, 39 are in region 4.3.4.4. Kavali Code No. 38 is merged in Kovur Plain town.

Vinjamur 13, 14, 16 to 34. 43 44 Code No. 15,35 to 42 are in region taluk to 6S 4.3.4.2

Butchireddi- 14, 17 to 38, 26 Code No. 15, 16, 39 are in retlion palem 41,42 4.3.4.4 and L.C, 40 is merged in L. C. 36

Kovur 1 to S 99 1 800.00 taluk 242 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

4. ".3.4.4 Kavali 7 to 12, 14, 16. 31 15 Code No. 13, 15, 17 to 30 arc in Kovur- taluk to 37 region 4.3.4.3 Alluru Code No. 14, 16 are partly merged Coastal in Kavali town. Plain

Butchireddi. 1 to t 3, 15, 16, 39, 26 Code No. 14, 17 to 38,41, 42 are palem 43 to ,2 In region 4.3.4.3 taluk Kovur taluk 6 to 38 33 74 750.00 Code No. 35 is merged in Kovur town.

5. .04.3.<4.5 Indukurupet 1 to 30. 32 to 52 '1 Code No. 31 is in region 4.3.4.6 and Nellore- L.C. No. 32 is fully inclu_ Sullurpet ded in NeUore Municipa. Coastal lity. Plain

Nellore 10, 11, ll, 25, 26, 20 Code No. 12 to 22, 24, 28 to 36 arc taluk 27,37 to 50 in region 4.3.4.6 Code No. 11 fully and 10 partly are included in Nellore town.

Oudur taluk 23 to 34 12

Vakadu taluk 2 to 19. 23 to 46, 8S Code No. 20 to 22, 47 to 51. 82, 83, 52 to 81, 84 to 93, 94 art in reaJon 4.3.4.7 95,96,97

~aidupet '2,93 taluk

Sullurpet 3 to 9, 16 to 35, 37 t9 269 2521•. 00 Code No. 10 to .,. 36, 54 are in taluk to 53, 55 to 109 reaion 4.3.4.7 Code No. 60, 62. 68, 70, 71, 73 to 78 arc included in Sullurllet town and Code No. '10 to 115 arc included in Shar Project. Code No. 105 is merged under Shar Project (Sriharikota).

6. 4.3.4.6 Podalakur J, 3 to 58 57 Code No. 2 is in region 4.3.4.1 Rapur- taluk Podalakur Plain Rapur tal uk 7 to 11, n, 15, 17, 6\ C.de No. 12, 14, 16, go, 21, 18, 19, 22 to ", 58 are in region 4.3.4.1 " to 73 Gudur tal uk 1 to 6. 8 to 22, 43, 38 Code No. 7, 31, 42 to 46, 60 to 89 44, 4~, 47 to 59, 90 are in region 4.3.4.7 and Code No. 23 to 34 Ire in regioD 4.3.4.5 243 7 8 1 2 3 4 6 -~

Nellore 1 to 9, 12 to 22, 24. 32 Code No. 10, 11, 23, 25 to 1l7, 37 to taluk 28 to 36, 51, S2 SO are In regloD 4.3.4.5 ' Code No. 21, 22 are included in NelJore tOWD.

lndukurpet 3l 189 2275.1)0 taluk

Code No. 98, 130 are in region 4:3.4.1 7. 4.3.4.7 Venkatagiri 1 to 97,9' to 137, 194 Venkatagiri- talnk 139 to 196 Code No. 109, 141, 158 full and part Gudur PlaID of 159 are included in Venkatagiri town.

Naidupet 1 to 91, 94 to 107 lOS Code No. 92, 93 are in regioD 4.3.4.5 taluk Code No. 61 fun and 47, 48 parts are included in Naidupet town.

Sutlurpet I, 2. 10 to IS, 36. 10 Code No. 3 to 9, 16 to 3'. 37 to 53 taluk S4 are in region 4.3,4.5

Vakadu taluk I, 20, 21, 22, 47 to 12 Code No. 2 to 19, 23 to 46, 52 to 81, 51, 82, 83, 94 8f to 93 Bre in region 4.3.4.5

Gudur taluk 7, 35 to 42, 46,60 40 361 1 876,00 Code No. I to 2:1, 43 to 45,47 to S9 to 89 are in region 4.3.4.6 and Code No. 23 to 34 are in region ".3.4.5 Code No. 65, 6~ are partly merged in Gudur town.

244 STATEMENT ON REGION·WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS

District: NeJlore Census Location Code No. 09 State: Andhra Pradesh

State District Division Name of Geology Physio·cultural Characteristics Number & Admmistra. Name tive Division

2 3 4 s 6 7

Andhra Nellore 4.'.4.1 Udayagiri, Upper Pre­ Usta/fs­ With an average height between SOO Pradesb Velikonda Armai!.ur, Cambrian Troptpts and 1037 mtrs. this region is mostly cov­ Range Podalakur, and ered with reserved forests, dense scrubs Rapue and Tropepts­ and jungles. The reserved fOlests are Venkata­ Psamments­ Korukonda, Sivadurgam, Sitarampuram, glri taluks Fluvents Mallammakonda, Errakonda, Palch- rala etc. Velikonda is a longer strip of hills. The river Penner flows from west to east in the central pori ion of the region. Alapa Bru also flows in this region. Canals are the main sources of irrigation. Settlements are scattered. Only roads are available as ml:ans of transportation.

4.3.4.2 Atmakur, Archaean and Ustalfs­ This region is a plain and slope Udayagiri­ Udayagiri Lower Pre­ Tropepts tends towards south. east. The Atmakur and Vinja­ Cambrian alld main rivers are the Pilla peru and the Region mur taluka Tropepts­ Baggeru which flow from west to east Psamments­ ana join Penner which forms southern Fluvents boundary of the region. Mull?kant tru, Uppu vagu, Kareru and Nerella.eru are the other streams flowing in this region. This region is mostly dry and has numerous scrubs, jungles and pastures. Major soulces of irrigation are tanks. Settlements are sparse; big settle­ ments aIe Udayagiri, Duttaluru and Atmakur

4.3.4.3 Kavali, Archaean Ustal/s­ This is a plain region w,th significant Sangam­ Vinjamur, Tropept8 cultivated area. Rivulets !tke, Upput eru, Kavali Bucbireddy­ Chikati vagu, Chippaleru and ManDeru Plain palem and flow through thIS region. In some portion Kovur taluks there are reserved forests viz, Chinna, Annaluru, Talamanoni etc. Kanigrri reservoir and Vangallu, Duvuru cheru and Buckingham canals are the main sources of irrigation. ThiS region is connected both by roads and railways. Settlements are dense. Kovuru~alle is the only town located in thiS regIon.

4.3.4.4 !(avali, Recent Psamments­ This is a sandy plain mainly drained Kovur­ Burchireddi­ and FluvenlS by Pydem and MaldrL Kiver Penner flows Alluru Co­ palem and Pleistocene along its southern border. Most part astal Plain Kovur is under cultivatiOn. Alluru tank and taluks other small tanks are the sources of irrigation. Roads and railway facilities are available. Settlements are very dense 24' 1 2 3 • 6 'I

and big settlements are concentrated along the main tral'sport routes. Kovur and Kavali are the two towns located in this region. The other notable settlements arc Alluru, Mungamuru, Utukur and Vadareru.

4.3.4.5 Illdukurpet, Rccent Psamments­ This region is also a coastal plain. Nellorc­ Nellore, Fluvents slop'ng towards the Bay of Bengal Sullurpet {ludur, Most of the coastal area is sandy. Coalltal Vakadu, River Penner flows along its northern Pl,in Nai.dupet border. Tn, ri.ver Sill/a' namukbi 1iIllth i.~ aAd SuIlur· tributaries Challilkalva, Upputeru and pct taluks Mavldikalva also f.ow across this regi .• n. River Kalang i merges into the PuIiclite lake. The tanks arc the maID sources of Irrigation. Roads and raiIw y faclilltles are avail ,ble. Settlements are dense. Big setllements are Sullurper, Muttukuru, Ipuru and Kota. The dislflct headquar. ters Nellorc is located in this region.

4.1 ••• 6 Illdukurpet, Archaean, Ustalfs - This region is a plain with low Rapur­ Fodalakur, Receot, Lower Tropepts hill(lcks, scattered reserved fo>rests and Podalakur lbpuf, Pre.< ambrian and Tropef)ts- some dense scrubs. The flver Penner Plain (Judur and and Upper Psamments- flows on the northern m .rgin. The Nellorc Pre. Cambrian Flullents KoJleru, Nallavagu Kandleru river and taluks other mi or streams flow in this region. There are few scattered areas of reserved fo. ests in western part. minor irrigation sources are tanks and wells. Transport and communication facIlities are good with the avaIlabIlity of roads and railways. Settlements are concentrated mllinly ID the eastern part. Big settlements are Rapur. Kalluru, Kaluvaya, Podalakur and Tatiparti.

4.1.4.7 Yenkatagiri, Archaean. Ustalft- The river Swarnamukhi which rises Venkata­ Naldupet. Recent, lower Tropepts and in Chltndraglri hills flows in this giri - Sullurpet, Pre Cambrian Fluvents­ region. Besides tbe chain of hills Gudur Vakadu and and Pleistocene Tropepts along tbe wstern margin therc are Plain Oudur taluk! few scattered hillocks with opcn scrub •• Thc Alapal Eru. Doggavalu Eru and Upputeru rivers also flow through this region. Many tanks are there. Important are Pennaki tank, Cbennur tank and Gudur tank. Roads and railways arc avaIlable and jom the important settle­ ments in the region. This region bas good transport and communication facilities. Vcnkatagiri, Gudur and Naidupet are the three towns located iD the region.

!46 PRAKASAM DISTRICT

REGIONAL DIVISIONS

Prakasam distrct is a part of the Southern Andhra mostly rocky surface covered with reserved forsts. It Coastal Plain (4.3.4). Lying approximately between 15°30' is drained by Yerragondapalem vagu, Gundlakamma. and 16°0'N. latitudes and 79°0' and 800 0'E. longitudes, it Enumaleru and other streams. Its geology is Upper is bounded by Mabbubnagar and Guntur districts in the Pre-Cambrian (Nallamala series). The soil sub-order north. Kurnool district in the west, Cuddapah and associations are Ustalfs-Tropepts and Usterts in the Nellore distncts in the south and the Bay of Bengal in northern part and Orthents-Tropepts Rock outcrops in the east. It is constituted by 17 taluks occupying a the southern part. This region is entirely rural inclu­ total area of 17 626 km2 inhabited by 2 329 571 persons ding 51 villages inhabited by 36 877 persons in an area 2 (1981 Census). of 3 250.00 km • It is sparsely populated showing a 2 density of only 11 persons per km • Physiograpbically, most part of the district is a level plain with an average height below 3UO metres showing 4.3.4.2 Gundlakamma Plain a gradient towards the coast The remaining western part is however rugged and higher in elevation (even The region stretches between the Nallamala and upto 1 200 metres) where the Nallamala and Velikonda Velikonda hill ranges and covers the parts of Yerrago­ bill ranges are the characteristic features of the land­ ndapalem, Tarlupadu, Markapur, Giddalur and Besta­ scape Showing a general slope towards the east, it is varipeta taluks. This region is plain in its physical drained by the Gundlakama, Musi, Manneru, Paleru character. It is drained by river Gundlakamma and and various other rivers. Geologically, the eastern its tributaries. Its geology belongs to Upper Pre-Cam­ part of the district is marked with the rocks of Recent. brian period. The main soils pertain to Usterts in the Pleistocene and Archaean periods. The western half is north and Orthents-Tropepts-Rock outcrops in the occupied by the Upper and Lower Pre-Cambrian rocks. south. It contains 211 villages and 3 towns. Its total As the soils concern. Usterts are found in the north­ area is 3 125.00 km2 which is inhabited by 445 132 ~estern and north·eastern parts, U stalfs-Tropepts in I persons of which 380 992 persons reside in rural and the eastern half and Orthents-Tropepts-Rock outcrops 64 140 persons in urban areas. Its density of popula­ in the western part. Psamments·Pluvents show a very tion is 122 persons per km2 • meagre coverage in the extreme south-east of the district. Vegetal cover in the district is characterised by the 4.3.4.3 Darsi-Addanki Plain extensive reserved forest areas (mainly in the western part) showing dry Teak. southern dry mixed deciduous In the north-eastern part of the district this region and tropical dry evergreen forest types. extends over Darsi, Santhamaguluru, Parchur, Addanki, Maddipadu taluks and parts of TarJupadu and Chirala The heterogenous physio-geographic features of the taluks. With a general slope towards the south-east district lead to sub-divide it into seven sub-micro it is drained by Gundlakamma river flowing through regions as under. its central part. The region has complex geology belonging to Archaean, Lower Pre-Cambrian and 4.3.4.1 Nallamala Hills Recent periods. The main soils of the region are Lying all along the western margin of the district Ustalfs-Tropepts in the west and Usterts in the east. the region covers the parts of Yerragondapalem. Mar­ n consists of 303 villages and 1 town making a total 2 kapur, Bestavaripeta and Giddalur taluks. It hal area of 3 825.00 km • It is inhabited by 715 S2S

247 persons of which 698907 persons are rural and 16618 4.3.4.6 PodiIi-Kanigiri Plain persons urban. The density of population comes to 187 persons per km2 • It is located in the south-central part of the district 4,3 4.4 Oogole-Cbirala Coastal Plain expanding over Podili taluk and the parts of Markapur, Tarlupadu, Kanigiri and Pamur taluks. It is drain;d It lies all along the coast line with a varying width by Musi and Paleru rivers with their tributaries which from north to south covering Ongole and the parts of are the sources of minor irrigation. Its geology shows Chirala, Parchur, Kondapi and Kandukur taJuks. It Archaean and Lower Pre-Cambrian rock formations. is a level plain irrigated by rivers and tanks and is The soils are Ustalfs-Tropepts. There are 260 villages suitable for plantation. Geologically, this region is of 2 and I town with an aggregate area of 3 375.00 km • Recent origin where soils vary from north to south i,e., Total population of the region a(counts for 300 217 Usterts in the north,Ustalfs-Tropepts in the middle part persons where 283 500 persons reside in rural and and Psamments-Fluvents in the extreme south. It has 2 16 717 persons in urban areas, The density of popu­ 79 villages and 5 towns over an area of I 325.00 km 2 lation is 89 persons per km • and is inhabited by 530 895 persons of which 311 463 reside in rural and 219432 in urban areas. It has a density of 401 persons per km'. 4,3.4.7 Velikonda Range 4.3.4.5 Kandukur Plain Stretching in the north-south direction it covers the Occupying the south-eastern part of the district the parts of Giddalur, Bestavaripeta, Kanigiri and Pamur region includes the parts of Kondapi and Kandukur taluks. The region is mostly covered with reserved taluks. It is moslly plam and is drained by Makeru, forests and the Velikonda range having hilly and rocky Manneru, Upputeru and Atleru rivers which are the undulattns surface. In this region settlements are main source of irrigation. Its geology belongs to Re­ sparsely distributed. Geologically, it has Upper and cent and Pleistocene rock formations. Archaean rocks Lower Pre-Cambrian rock formations. The soil sub­ are also seen in the extreme south. Main soils are order associations are Ustalfs-Tropepts and Orthents­ Ustalfs-Tropepts throughout the region. It records 2 Tropepts Rock outcrops. The region is entirely rural 175 villages and 1 town over an area of 1 850,OU km • 2 including 23 villages only. Its total area is 876.00 km Total population of the region is 283 190 persons of which is inhabited by 17 735 persons. Its density of which 250 820 persons are rural and 32 370 urban. It 2 population is 20 persons per km • makes a density of 153 persons per km~.

248 CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 32

t ANDHRA PRADESH G N U R PRAKASAM DISTRICT CENSUS CODE 08

D REGIONAL DIVISIONS

10 15 ~

KIlQ!.4ETRES

(J

' .r If) __ ---.//l . \ \ \ r\ ' ·3·4·\ ,-_./}

Q

o

' ·3·1, ·, NAlLAMALA HillS "I ' ·)·4 ·2 GUNOlAKAMMA PLAIN , ·) ·4· 3 DARSI-ADOANKI'PLAIN

' ·3 ·' ·4 ONGQl£-CHIRALA COASTAL PLAIN

' ·J ·L ·S KANDUKUR PLAIN

'·]·' · 6 POOlll- KANIGIRI PLAIN

4 ·3·' · 7 VEllKONDA RANGE N o BOU NDARY, OISTRI CT E D s R IBOU NDAR Y, U,LUK ' VILL AGE HAVI NG 5000 AND ABO VE POPULATION .

URB AN AREA . GEOLOGY SOILS RAILWA Y LINE WIT H STATION, BROAD GAUGE. 'bbl' 'bbdJ'

RIVER , •. . .. ~ o UPPER PRE-CAMBRI"'N p)

[il]] LOWER PRE-CAMBR "AN (8)

~ ARCHAEAN 191 mIl '36 PSAMI<4ENTS-FLUVENTS

~RE C ENT (I) ~ 55 ORTHENTS-HIOPEPTS-AOCk OUTCROPS ~PlEIS T ~CENE {l) ~'2 USTERTS

249

DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS

District : Prakasam Census Location Code No. 08 State : Andbra Pradesb

~

District Region No., No. of villages No. of towns Area in km~ in region Population in region Name in each region in region/ ------(1981) as evolved Name T B U ------_----.- T R U

t 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Prakasam 4.3.4.1 51 villages No town 3250.00 3250.00 36877 36877 Nallamala (26 in Yerragonda- Hills palem, 11 in Markapur, 11 in Bestavaripeta and 3 in Giddalur taluks)

4.3.4.2 IZII villages 3 towns 3 125.00 3 052.90 72.10 445 132 380992 64140 Gundlakamrna (41 in Yerragonda- 1. Markapur Plain palern, 32 in 2. Cumbum Tarlupadu, 4S in 3. Giddalur Markapur, 37 in Bestavaripeta and 56 in Giddalur taluks)

4.3.4.3 303 villages 1 town 3825.00 3795.10 29.90 71S ~25 698907 16618 Darsi- (3? in Tarlupadu, I. Addanki Addanki 86 in Darsi, Plain 41 in Santha- maguluru, 31 in Parchur, 3 in Chirala, 49 in Addanki and 61 in Maddipadu taluks)

4.M.4 " villages S towns 1 315.00 1 267.00 58.00 S30895 311 463 219432 Ongole- (21 in Cbirala, J. Chirala Chirala 1 in Parchur, 2. Chirala NMA Coastal 48 in Ongole, 3. Vetapalern Plain ~ in Kondapi 4.0ngole and 4 in Kandu· S. Singaraya- kur taluks) konda

4.3.4.5 175 villages 1 town 1 8'0.00 1 842.'30 7.10 283190 250820 32310 Kandukur (86 in Kondapi 1. Kandukur Plain and 89 in Kandukur taluks)

251 1 2 3 4 6 7 9 JO

4.3.4.e 260 villages 1 town 3 37,.00 3 341.80 33.20 300217 283 SOD 16717 Podili. (2 in Markapur, 1. KaniSiri KaDigiri 10 in Tarlupadu, Plain '2 in Podili, 101 in Kanigiri and 5S in Parouc taluks)

4.3.4.7 ~3 villages No town 876.00 876.00 17 ns 1773' Velikonda (' in Kanigiri Range and .0 in Pamur taluks Bestavari- peta and Giddalur taluks-NIL)

252 REGION-WISE VILLAGE CODES, 1981 State: Andbra Pradesh District: Prakasam Census location Code No. 08

Area of Rcmli.ks Taluk Location Code Tot,,1 No. of 51. DIvIsion Villages in Regional _ No. Number & No. of census villages 1981 Division Name Taluk Division in km2

6 7 8 1 2 3 4

26 Code No. 6 to " 12, 13, 29 to 4.3 .... 1 Yerragonda 1 to 5, 9, 10, 11 J. 14 to 28, 34, 48, 49 33, 35 to 47 are in Nallamala Hills pa1em taluk region 4.3.4.2

Markapur 1 to 11 11 taluk Bedavaripeta I to 11 11 taluk OiddaJur 57, '8, 59 3 talult Code No. 9to 11,14 to 28, 34,48, Yerragonda 6, 7, 8, 12, 13, '9. 41 2. 4.3,<1.'1 49 arc in region 4,3,.,1 Gundlakamma palem taluk 30,31,32, n, 3.5 to .7, SO 10 67 Plain Code No. 11 to 27, 33 to"3 47 TarJupadu 1 to 10, 28 to 32, ,,6 32 to 50 are in region talult to 64, 77 to 84 4,3.4.3 and 44 to 46,51 to'S, 65 to 76 are in resion 4.3.4,6 Code No. 38. 39, arc In region Markapur 12 to 37, 40 to 58 ., 4.3 .... 6 Code No. 41 i. taluk partly included in Mar­ kapur town.

Code No. 19 is included in Cum­ Bestavaripeta 12 to 48 37 bum town. taluk 3 12'.00 Code No, 19. 20,31 arc merged in Giddalur taluk 1 to 56 211 Giddalur town.

Tarlupadu 11 to 27, 33 to 43, 32 Code No. 28 to 32 are in rellon 5, 4.3.4.3 4.3 .... 2 and Codo No. taluk to Darsi­ .7 '0 44 to 46 are in resion Addal1ki 4,3.4.6 Plain Darsi taluk 1 to 86 86

Santha- 1 10 41 41 m.guluru talule Parchur taluk t to 31 31 Chir.la taluk I, 14, IS 3 Code No.2 to 13 arc in region 4,3,4.4

Addanki talult 1 to 49 49 Code No. 20, 21 are partIy merged in Addanki tOWD. 3825,00 Maddipadu 1 to 61 61 303 taluk 253 I 2 3 4 6 7 8

4. 4.3,4,4 Chiraia taluk 2 to 13, 16 to 24 21 Code No. 14, l' are in region OngoIe- 4,3.4.3 Code No.6 and Chirala Coastal Parchur talut 32 7 lire included in Chic,,': Plain h. (NMA .. nd Vetapalem towns, Code No. " is partly mer&ed in Chirala M,

Ongole taluk 1 to 48 48 Code No. 14 and 15 are partty in- cluded in Ongole town. Kondapi 66 to 70 , Code No. 67 is merged in Singara- taluk yakonda town. Kandukur 17, 43, 7P, 79 4 7t I 31.5,00 Code No. 18 to 42, 44 to 17 are in taluk region 4.3.4.5

5. 4.3,4.5 Kondapi tal uk 1 to 65, 71 to 91 86 Code No, 66 10 70 are in region Kandukur 4.\4.4 Plain Kandukur 1 to 16, 18 to 42, 89 175 1 850,00 Code No. 17, 43, 78, 79 are in taluk 44 to 77, 80 to 93 region 4.3.4.4 Code. No. 7, 9, 14 are merged in Kandukur town,

6, 4.3.4.6 Markapur ~I, 39 2 Code No. 47 to SO are in region Podili - taluk 4.3.43 and Code No, Kanigiri Tarlupadu 44, 4~, 46, 51 to ". ~O 56 to 64 are in region Plain taluk 65 to 76 4,3.4,2 Podili taluk 1 to U 8Z Kanigiri taluk 1 to 93, 95, 96, 99 to 101 Code No. 94, 9'. 98 are in regioni 104 4.3.4.7 Code No. 20 is partly merged in Kani- giri town. Parour taluk 2 to 6, 26 to 7, '$ 260 3375.CO Code No, 7 to 25 are in region 4.3.4.7

7. 4.3.4.7 Kaniairi taluk 94, 97,98 3 Code No. 95, 96 are in reaion Velikonda 4.3.4.6 Rango Pamur taluk 1, 7 to 25 20 Code No. 2 to Ii are in region 4,3.4.6 Bestavaripeta Oiddalur 23 876.00 STAnM!MT1)N1tMlON-WJSE-PBYSI~AL-DETAILS

District: Prakasam CenSDS Location Code No. 08 State: Andbra Pradesh

State District Diviaion Name of Geolo~ Soill PhYsio-cultural Characteristics Number cl Administrative Name DivilioD

1 2 4 s 6 ,

Andhra Prakasam 4.3.2.1 Yerragonda­ Upper Pre- Ustalfs­ With an average height between Pradesh Nallamala palem, Cambrian Tropepts, 212 and 885 mtrs. the region is hilly Hills Markapur, (NaJIamala Usterts mostly covered with forests. Tbe 1m. Bestavaripeta series) and portant reserved forests are Sundra and Giddalur Orthent.J- Padu, Diguvametta, Iskagundam and taluks Tropepts- Velagatapaya. The rivers Gundla· Rock kamma and Yerragondapalem vagu outcrops flow in this region. Settlements are very sparse. Big settlements are Mundlapadu, Racherla, Bolla­ palle, Peddachemma, Nallagundla etc. The main sources of irrigation are tanks, wells and canals.

4.3.4.2 Yerragonda­ Upper Pre- Usterts, The maximum height of the Gundla­ palem, Cambrian Orthents- region is 359 mtrs. Gundlakamma is hmma Tarlupadu, (Nallamala Tropepts- the main river which flows through Plain Markapur, series) Rock out- this region. Small patcbel of reser- Bestavaripeta, crops ved forests are noticed here In the and Giddalur and southern part. Roads and Railway taluks Ustalfo­ facilities are available. Canals and Tropepts tanks are the main sources of irrigation. Settlements are evenly distributed. Three towns located in tho region are Markapur, Cum­ bum and Giddalur.

4.3.4.3 Tarlupadu, Lower Pre­ Ustalfs­ It is a plain with an average Darsi - Darsi, Cambrian, Tropepts height between 3J4 and 638 Addanki Santhama­ Recent, and mtrs. The river Musi forms its Plain guluru, Pleistocene Usterts southern boundary while Gnndla­ Parchur, and kamma river flows throuah the Archaean, central part of the region. Besides

2SS 1 2 4 6 7 8

Chirala, these. Dornapu vagu Idana vagu Addanld and and Chilakaluru vagu are other im­ Maddipadu portant fivers. The irrigation sour­ taluka ces of the region are tan's, canals etc. There are small reserved for­ ests, viz., Kurichedu, Vallala and Domakonda. Scrubs and thorny species are found in the forests of this region. Railways and roads are available. Addanki is the only town localed in tbis region. Olbtr im,ort&nt settlements of this region are Darsi, Santhamaguluru, Doma­ konda, Maddipadu, Kurichedu and Macharapuram.

4.3.4.4 Chirala, !lecent Ustal!l~ This is a Coastal plain adjoing Ongole- Parchur, Tropepts, to the Bay of Bengal. The rivers Cbirala Ongole, Ust,,13 wblch flow through this reiioD Coastal Kondapi and and are Gundlak-ma, Manneru, Uppu- Plain Kandukur PJam- teru, P~lIeru and Musi rivers. This taluks mIn" - region bas a major irrigation FJupenls project at Lingasamudram which is called the Rallapadu Project. This region is connected by tbe roads and railways and the trans­ port and communication faciltics are good. Settlements are even. Important settlements are Chirala, Vetal alem. Parchur, Ongole and Singarayakonda.

4.3.4.5 Kondapi Recent, Ultal!l­ This region is also a plain anet Kandukur and Kandukur Pleistocene Troll'Pl3 drained by Makeru, Upputeru. Plain taluks and Manneru and Atleru rivers. Canals Archaean and tllnks are the main sources of irrigation. Main settlements are Kondapi, Kandukur. Ponnaluru, Chundu and Harana'

4.3.4.6 Markapur, Lower Ustalfs- The average height is between Podili­ Tarlupadu, Pre-Cam­ Trop,pls 240 ar d 374 mtrs. The Musj river Kanigiri Podili, brian and flows along the northern boundary Plain Kanigiri, Archaean of this region. The Paleru, Narella Ind Pamur vaau and Manoeru rivers drain tb. talnks relion in west-east direction. n.

256 1 2 3 4 6 1 8

main irrigation sources are tanks, wells and canals. Settlements are sparse. Kanigiri is the only urban centre located in this region. Other important settlements are Podili, Tarlupadu, Peddalvalasapadu and Chandrasekhspuram .

•403 .... 7 Kanigiri, Upper Ortltents- The average height of this Velikonda Pamur, Pre-Cam- Tropepets- region is between 550 and 820 Range Bestavaripeta brian Rockout- mtrs, This region is hilly and and (NaJlamala crop' mostly covered with reserved Giddalur series) and and forests. Velikonda reserved forest Taluks Lower Pre- U,'aljl- is worth mentioning. Pugulla Cambrian Tropeptl vagu, Dokkalacheru are some bill streams which flow from west to east. Transport and Communi- cation facilities are poor. Settle- ment. are rare and scattered over the region.

257 GUNTUR DISTRICT

REGIONAL DIVISIONS

Guntur district is a part of Krishna delta (4.3.5) and north ·western areas the district has deposits of micro region as delineated in the present context of Ustalfs·Tropepts. reglOnalisation. The district extends approximately between 15° 18' and 16° 50' of north latitudes and 79° 10, The flora of the district may be classified as (i) and 80°55' of east longitudes. River Krishna bounds Inland flora, (ii) Coastal flora and (iii) Estuarine flora. the district almost (rom three sides-western. northern The inland flora growing mainly in the western part of and eastern separating the district from Mahbubnagar, the district chiefly include Acacia arabica, Gym "os­ Nalgonda and Krishna district. The Bay of Bengal pnria montana, Albizzia lebbeck and Alblzzia odorati­ lies in the south-eastern part of the district. On the ssima. The coastal flora consists mamly of Mimu­ south, the district IS bounded by Pcakasam district. sops hexandra, Memecylon edule and Sapindus emer­ Encompassing an area of 11 391 km2 the region inha­ g[natus. The estuarine flora is evergreen and may be bits 3434 724 persons according to 1981 Census. sub-divided into mangroves and halophytes. The Admintstratively, the distnct is dIvided into 2l taluks climate is characterised by a hot summer. The heat consistmg of 714 census vIllages and 15 towns. The in April-May is oppre~sive. The rainfall generally western part of the district is rugged and relatively decreases from east to the west. More than SO per higher 1D altitude. The height of Nallamala hills located cent rain is received during monsoon season. The in the extreme west is more than 6lJO metres above the average annual rainfal is 815 mm. mean sea level. The eastern part is a fertile plain and Keeping the physio-geographic heterogeneity as well most suitable for paddy cultivation. The coastal plain as homogeneity 1D view, the district has been sub­ along the Bay of Bengal is mainly formed by sea divided into the following seven sub-micro regions. deposits ana debris brought by rIVcr Krishna and its tributaries. A small portwn of Krishna delta also 4.3.5.1 Macheria-Gurazaia Region belongs to this coastal area which is a gently rolling low lying plain WIth less than 20 metres height. This The region spreads from the Nagarjuna Sagar to delta part is believed to be evolved dunng Holocene the east along the Krishna river occupying the part. times (Nageswara Rav and Vaidyanadhan, 1978). The of Macherla, Palnad, Piduguralla and Rajupalem rivers drallling the dlstnct besides Krishna are the taluks. River Krishna forms its northern boundary Gundlakamma, the Musi, the Chandravanka and the while Nallamala hills and other hills of Eastern Ghats Naguleru. The distnct represents varied geological surround this region from the remaining three sides. characteristics. The Nallamala hills and some exten­ The region is relatively lower in elevation than the sions of the Eastern Ghats in the western part are adjoining regions. However, there are a few hills of composed of Upper Pre-Cambrian rocks. The area above 500 metres height. SIgnificant reserved forests beyond these hills along river Krishna consists Of are found along river Krishna. The region is primarily MIddle TriaSSIc-Lower Cretaceous rocks. The eastern developed on Lower PalaeLzoic-Upper Pre-Cambrian part !DclUding the coastal plain is formed on Recent rocks. The main soil sub-order found is Usterts alluvium. In between NaJiamala hills and the eastern while Ustalfl sub-order association occurs along plain extensive deposits of Archaean gneiss and rocks river KrIShna. Large area in the region is cultiVated. of Lower Pre-Cambrian are found. The soil in the The Nagarjuna Sagar Dam provides irrigatlOn facility. coastal plain area consists of Psamments while Usterts The southern halt of the region is mainly inhabited. occur in major part of the district. In some central It has 92 villases and one town. With an area of

IlS8 J 835.36 km2 the region accounts for 389 145 persons. plain. The southern part is drained by Gundalakamma Out of these. 358 426 persons reside in rural and river which is the main river fluwing in this region from 30 719 in urban areas. The region is moderately west to east. Its geology is Archaean in the eastern 2 populated with a density of 212 persons per km • part and Lower Pre-Cambrian in the we,tern. Soils altogether are UstaHs-Tropepls There are 70 villages 1& 4.3.5.2 Nallamala Hills and 1 town con,titutiog an area of 1 086.40 km~ which is inhabited by 186245 persons. Out of the total, This region comprises the Nallamala hills situated 162007 persons reside in rural and 24 238 persons in along the north-western margin of the district. urban areas· The density of population is moderate Administratively, it covers the parts of Macherla and 2 (171 persons per km ). PaIn ad taJuks. It is covered under large reserved forest areas. The hills of the region belong to Eastern 4.3.5.5 Sattenapalle Plain Ghats and are composed of Upper Pre-Cambrian This region expands over the parts of Talluru, rocks· The primary soil sub-order association occuring Rajupalem. Narasaraopet and Sattenapalle taluks. in the region is Usterts. A few areas along river River Krishna forms the northern border of tbis Krishna, h~wever, show deposits of Ustalfs-Tropepts. region. The region is plain, however. in some portions Being a billy region, it is thinly populated and settle­ thorny scrubs and stunned jungles are visible. Archaean ments are rare located in the margins of forested area. rocks are found in the eastern side while Lower Pre­ It includes only 7 villages and one town. Its total Cambrian rocks may be noticed in the western part. 2 area is 705.16 km which is inhabited by 26 162 persons A few areas along river Krishna have deposits of of which 19 976 persons reside in rural and 6 186 Recent alluvium in the north. Soils are uniformly persons in urban areas. The region has a lowest Usterts throughout the region. It contains 87 villages density of population in the district (37 persons per and 1 town with a total area of I 146.89 km2 inhabited 2 km ). by 287 012 persons· Out of these, 254 012 persons live in rural areas and 33 000 in urban. The region has 4.353 BoIlapaIle-Venkatayapalem Forested Region a density of 250 persons per km2 Which is the third highest among the sub-micro regions of the district. The region extends over the parts of Palnad, Raju­ patem. Narasaraopet, Ipur, Vinukonda. PJduguralla and 43 5 6 Narasaraopet - Guntur --Tenali Plain Talluru taluks and is mosty covered with reserved forests. This is the largest region in the district and includes The forests are southern dry mixed deciduous and dry deciduous scrubs. The region is an extension of Eastern the whole of Tadikonda, Mangalagiri, Emani, Ten ali. Ghats and is entirely hilly with average height ranging Amruthalur. Ponnur. Prathipadu, Guntur, ChiJakaluri­ between 251 and 567 metres GeologicallY, the region pet taluks and parts of RajupaJem. TaJluru. Bapatla, Sattenapalle and Narasaraopet taluks. This region is shows Upper Pre-Cambrian rocks in the south-western part and Lower Pre-Cambrian and Lower Palaeozoic­ a sandy plain and the south-eastern part represents the Upper Pre-Cambrian formations in the rest part. deltaic characteristics. The region exhibits a vast Intrusives of granites are also found in some southern expansion of Recent formations excepting for a little areas. The soils in the northern part are Usterts and patch of Middle-Triassic-Lower Cretaceous period near those in the southern part are Ustalfs-Tropepts. Settle­ Guntur. Usterts soils in the western half and Psam­ ments are sparse peeping the environs of the region. ments soils in the eastern part are noticed. Large area is It is entirely rural consisting of 45 viJ1ages with a total cultivated where intensive agriculture is practised. Settle­ 2 area of 1 45000 km • The region is thinly popu­ ments are compact and spread throughout the region. lated and is inhabited by 97 053 persons making a It consists of 345 Villages aud 8 towns with a total 2 2 density of 67 person. per km • area of 3 993.16 km • The region is inhabited by 1 992 958 persons. Rural and urban areas claim for 4.3.5.4 Vinukonda - Rompicherla Plain 1 244719 and 748 239 persons respectively. The popu­ lation concentration is higbe

259 along the Bay of Bengal is bounded by river Krishna Psamments. The settlements are dense mainly con. on the east. The region has been formed by sediments centrated over northern and western parts of the and alluvial deposits made available by river Krishna region. It has 83 villages and 3 towns covering a total as well as sea deposits. The eastern part over a small area of 1 174.10 krn2. The region shows a good con area belongs to Krishna delta and is a low lying plain. centration of population by inhabiting 456 149 peraon,s The important geomorphic features here are ancient (352829 residing in rural and 103320 in urban areas). beach ridges, ancient channels (abondoned channels), It ranks second in terms of density of population (389 flood plain deposits and spits (Babu. 1975). Its geology persons per km2). relates to Recent period and the soils in general are

Na&eswara Rao K. and VaidyaDadhan R. ; Geomorphic Features in the Krishna Delta and its Evolution' Proceedin,s of the Symposium on Morpholo,y and Evolution of Landforms, ",niversity of Delhi, "22~23 Dec. 1918 PP. 120-130. Babu P.V.L.P.; Morphological Evolution of the Krishna Delta; Photonirvachak. lour. Ind. Soci. Photo inter. 3(1), 1975. PI'. 21~l7.

260 CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 33

ANDHRA PRADESH o s fI GUNTUR DISTRICT c CENSU S CODE 07

REGIONAL DIVISIONS

s

BOUNDARY, DIITRICT ..

BOUNDARY, TALUK

VILLAGE HAVING 1000. AND ABOVE POPUL ATI ON · .

URBAN AREA

RAILWAY lINEWfl'H STATICti,BROAD ~ " ..

RAllWAVUNEwnHSTAT.oo,METRE~E .

NATIONAL HIGHWAY . , . ~

SfAT£ HIGHWA'f .. .. _ SH_

OTHER I MPOR.l~Nl .ROADS

RIVER .. ..;;:f;:.

REGIONAL DIVISION. 4 J 5 5

5 R c

BAY o F BENGAL II1UNDARY fOREST ~'~~"m~[Read Ih: Stqu tn t ~" ~ 1 re gi 'onQ I 'di Y i 5 i~~'~ ~i'ih r ~3·i~ ~ . nc ; 'io" ' I;; ~ aU Indio mop ,odu up 10 J ,; "JI------T-----.------~----~"__. GEOLOGY 'WO

4. J. 5. I MACHERLA·GURAZALA REGION

4 J. 5 1 NALLAMALA HILLS

~ REtENT I1J .",@ 4. J .5. J BOLLAPALLE· VENKATAYAPALEM FORESTED REGI~ • m ~ MIDDLE TRIASSlt-LOWERCRETACEOJS U .5.4 VINUKONDA · ROMPICHERLA PLAIN 'LI m m ~ lDWERPRE- C.AMBRI.AN (8) (,,m,,, m" 4 3.1.5 SATTENAPALLE PLAIN L.)11./S o ARCHAEANI~) 1!iJ"17 USTALFS \,. 4.3 5 6 NARSARAOPET·GUNTUR·TENALI PLAIN ~'2USTALFS-T'lJpEPT5 em UPPER PR E·CAMBRIANI7l 4.3 57 BAPATLA· REPALL.E COASTAL PLAIN mlllJ5PSAMMENTS [IJII] LOWER PALAEOZOIC-UPPER PRE - CAMBRIAN (6) ~92USTERTS _ NON-OATEO(101

DATA ON REQIONAL DIVISIONS

District : Guntor Census Location Code No. 07 State: Andhr. Pradesh

District Region No., No. of villages No. of towns Area in km2 in region Population in region Name in each region in rcgionl ------(1 >8J) as evolved Name T R U ------T R U

1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10

Guntur 4.3.5.1 92 villages 1. town 113'.36 1325.10 10.36 319145 35842. ]0 719 Macherla- (33 in Macher! a, 1. Macherla Gurazala 22 io Paload, Region 31 in Pidug- uralla and 6 in Rajupalem taluks)

4.3.5.2 7 villages 1 town 705.16 700.00 5.16 26162 19976 61" Nallamala (2 in Macherla J. ViJayapuri Hills and , in Palnad South taluks)

4.'.5.'3 4S villages No town I 450.00 1450.00 970S3 970S3 Bollapalle- (I in Palnad, Venkata7a- 14 in RajupaJeID, • palem 2 in Nara.ar- Forested aopet, IS in Resion Ipur, 6 in Vinukonda, 7 in Tallura taIuks and Pidagurall. talukl-Nil)

4.3.5.4 7 villages 1 town 1086.40 1083.80 2.60 18624' 162007 24238 Vinukonda- 14 in Narasarao- Vlnukonda Rompicherla pet, 17 in Jpur Plain and 39 In Vinukonda taluks)

4.3.'.5 87 village. I town I 146.890 1125.00 2J.89 287012 254012 SJ 000 Sattenapalle (43 in Tallnru Sattenapalle Plain 20 in Sanona- pallo, 20 in Rajupalom and 4 in NarasaraOpot talus) 263 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

4.3.5.6 345 villages 8 towns 3993.16 3875.00 118.16 1992958 1 244719 748239 Narasaraopet- (7 in Raj'lpalem, 1. Mangalagiri Guntur­ 1 in TaUuru, 2. Guntur Tonali Plain 36 in Tadi­ 3. Chilakaluripct konada, 23 in 4. Tadepalle Mangalagiri, S. TenaH· rz9 in Emani. 6. Ponnur 35 in Tenali, 7. Narataraopet 29 in Amrutbalur. 8. Phiraogipuram 9 in Bapatla, 34 in Ponnur, 31 in Prathipadu. 37 in Gunlur, 14 in Sattenapalle, 42 in Chilakaluripet and 18 in Narasaraopet talaks)

4.3.S.7 83 villages 3 towns 1 174.10 1 125.00 49.10 456 149 352 829 1('3320 Bapatla- (3' in Rcpalle 1. RepaJle RepalJo 26 in Palla- 2. Bhattiprolu Coastal patla and 22 in 3. Bapatla Plain Bapatla taluks)

264 REGION-WISE VILLAGE.CODES, 1981

District : Gontur Censns Location Code No-07 -State: Andhra Pradesh

SI. Division Taluk Location Code Total No. of Area of Remarks No. Number &: No. of Census villages in Rtgional Name villages 1981 Division Taluk Division in km2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1. 4.'U.I Macherla 1 to 13, 16 to 35 33 Code No. 14, 15 are in region Macherla - taluk 4.3.S.2 Code No. 26 Gurazala merged in Macherla R.egion town.

Palnad 1 to 2tt 24 22 Code No. 22 is in r~gion taluk 4.3.5.3 and Code No. 23 il in region ".3.4.2

Pidugu­ 1 to 31 31 ralla taluk

Rajupalem 6, 27 to 31 6 92 1 835.36 Code No. 7 to 9, 19, 20, taluk 26 are in region 4.3.5.3

Code No. 10 to 16, 21 to 25 are in region 4.3.5.5

2, 4.3.S.2 Macherla tsluk 14, 15 2 Code No. 14 included in Vijya­ Nallamala purl South town and Hills 15 Submerged under Nagsrjuna Sag., Project.

palnad 23, 2S to 28 S 7 90'.16 Code No. 24 is in region taluk •. 3.5.1

3. U.S.3 Palnad taluk 22 1 Bollapalle­ Venkataya­ Code No.6. 27 to 31 are in palem Rajupalem ], 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 14 region 4.3 •• 5.1 and Forested taluk 9, 17, 18, 19, 20, 26, Code No. 10 to 16. Reaion 32 21 to 25 are in tosion 4.3.S.S

Natasa- 1,2- raope' talWi 1 3 • 5 6 7 •

Ipur taluk I to 8, 11, 18 to 2S 15 Code No.9, 10, ]2 to 17 arc in region 4.3.'-4 ~

Vinukonda I to 4, 8, 9 , Code No. 5 to 7 are in region taluk 4.'3.5.4

TaUuru taluk J to $, 12, 13 7 Code No. 6 to 11 are in regialS PiduguraUa 4, 1 450.0;) 4.3.5.5

4. ••1.5.4 Narasa- 8 to 13, 26 to 33 14 Code No. 14 to 25 are in Vinukonda- mopet (alu" region 4.3.5.6 Romplclserla Plain

I,ur taluk 9, 10, 11 to 17, 24 17 Code No. 11. 18 to 23 are in to 32 region 4, 3, 5, 3

Vinukonda 5, 6, f. 10 to ., 39 70 1 086.40 Code No.8, 9 arc in region 4.3.S.; Code No. 10 is partly included in Vinuk"Dda (P) 10ViD.

S. 4.3.5.5 TaUuru talull 6 to 11. 14 to 47, Code No. 12, 13 are in region I,Ueaa. "9, 50. 51 43 4.3.5. J and Code No, p,110 48 is in reaion Plaia 4.1.M

liIattena- I to 6, 8 to 20, 24 20 Code No.7, 21 to 23 are in ,alle taluk region 4.3. ~.6 Coce No. 3,' 4 merged in Sattcnapalle lOwn.

Itajupalem 10 to 16, 2( to 2', Code No. 17 to 20, 26, 32 are hlule 33 to 40 20 in region 4.3.5.3 and COde No. 27 to 31 are in region 4.3.5.1

Narasa- S,., 6.7 4 87 1 146.98 Code No. S is in region 4.3,5.6 raope, talulc

6. •. 3.M Rajupalem taluk 41 to 47 , Naralarao- pet.Quntur- TenaU PJ.aIA TaUuru tahu: 48

T,di~Jlda taJull to U 36

Manpl,- I to 23 23 Cod. No. 7 merged in Tadepall. ,id taluk and 12 f"ll and 6 partly included in Mansalam towns.

_mui taluk lto29

THall talllk I to 55 3S Cod, No.8, 9 partly mOl'ae4 fa Ttnali ton. 266 2 3 4 S 6 7 8

Amrutha- 1 to 29 29 lur taluk 4- Bapatla talnk J.2, 3, 21 to 26 9 Codo No.4 to 20 are in regio. 4.3.S.7

Ponnur taluk 1 to 34 3' Code No. 29, 30 merged in Pon- nur town.

Prathip- I to 31 31 adu taluk

GUlllur taluk 1 to 37 37 Code No. 19. 2S fully and 2', 24. 26 partly merged in GUUlur town.

Sattena!)- 7, 21, 22,23,25 to 14 Cotto No.8 to 20, 24 aro ill aUe talnk 34 region 4.3.5.5 Codie No. 23 merged in Phrangi. puram town. Chilakalu- 1 to 42 42 Code No. 26 fully and 18 partly rlpet .aluk meraed in Chilakaluri- pet town.

Narasaro- 5, 14 to 25, 34 to 18 345 3993.16 Code No.6, 7 are in rosion pet taluk 38 4.3.5.5 and Code No. 8 to 13. 26 to 33 are in region 4, 3, 5, 4 Code No. 28 p ,rtly included in Nar.laraopet town.

V. •• 1.s.7 Repalle taluk 1 to 35 lS Code No.3 fullY and • partly Bapatla- included in Bhatti- Repallo prole and 2 3 fully and Coastal Pallapa- I to 26 :16 24 partly mlrged in Plain tla taluk Repallc towns.

Bapatla 4 to 20, 27 to 31 22 83 1 174.10 Code No. 21 to 26 arc in reaieD taluk 4.3.S.6 Code No. 27 to 29 partly merged in Bapatla town. ~TATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-cutTURAL DETAtt.S

District : Guntor Census Location Code No. 07 State: Alldbra Pradesb

State District Division Name of Geology Soils Physio-cultural Characteristics ,', Number &: Adminis­ Name trative Division

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Andhra Guntur 4.3.5.l Macherla, Lower Ustalfs and With an average height between Pradesh Macherla - Palnad, Palaeozoic- Usterts 392 and 530 rotrs. this region is Gurazala Piduguralla, Upper Pre­ partly surrounded by hills. Krishna Region and Rdjupa- Cambrian river forms its {'orthern bouDdary. lem taluks Nagarjuna Sagar Dam provides irrigation facilities. The main reserved forests are Akalavaram, Devupalle and Ganikonda. Macher­ la is the only urban centre of this region. Hyderabad-Vijayawada metre gauge line passes through this region. The main rOld follows this rail way line.

4.3.5.2 Macherla Upper Pre- Us/aJfs- The Krishna river flows on the Nallamaia and Palnad Cambrian Tropepfs western boundary of the region. The Hills taluks and southern and western parts of Palnad Usfert. consist of hills which are part of Eastern Ghats. Rivers Chandravanka, GaH vagu, Dandi vagu and Naguleru vagu also flow in this region. 1 anks, canals and streams are the sources of irrigation. It consists of large extent of reserved forests, viz., Manadadi, Mutukur, Kandlagunta and Kakirala. Settlements are sparse. Vijaypuri (south) is the only tOWD located in the region. Other impor­ tant settlements are Gurazala, Piduguralla, Mutukuru. Rentacbin.. tala, Veldurti and Daihepalle.

4.3.5.3 Palnad, Upper Pre- Ustalfs- This region has an average height :8olIapall. - Rajupalem, Cambrian, Lower Tropepts between 257 and 567 mtrs. River Venkllta· Narasraopet, Pte-Cambrian and Krishna flows on its northOln boundary. yapalem Ipur, Vinuko- and Lower Usterts Nagarjuna Sagar right canal and Gad­ Forcsted nda, Tallura Palaeozoic­ dala vagu flow in this region. This :R'lion and PiduiUf· Upper Prc- region is hilly mostly covered under re­ aila talub Cambrian served forests. Notable are Kachalapur,

268 1 3 4 5 6 7

Yerrakonda, Bollapalle and Papayya. palem Canals, tanks and wells are the sources of irrigatioll. SettlemClOls are sparse. Road and railway facilltiea are poor.

... 3.5.4 Narasaraopet, Lower Ustalfs- This region is a plain drained by Vinukonda- Ipur and Pre-Cam- Tropepts GUlldlakamma river the Kandleru river Rompi­ Vinukonda brian lind and the Bonneru river. There are cherla taluks Archaean several bold hills, such as KOlappa­ Plain konda and Kondlvidu which occupy the north·western rart of the region. Wells and tanks serve the purpose of irrigation. Vinukonda town is connected by both road and railways. Largo settlements are Rampicberla, Sentagudi. padu and Muppalai.

4.3.".5 Tallur. Lower Pre- Usterts It is a plain region and has scattered Sattenapalle Sattenapalle, C~mbrian. and thorny scrub jungle in sOme parts. Plain Narasaraopet Archaean Us talls­ Krishna river makes the nOrthern boun­ and aDd Tropepts dary of t'lts region. Bdau vagu and Mada Rajupalem Recent vagu also flow in this regioD. Naga­ taluks rjuDa "agar right canal passes through the regioD. Sattenapdlle town is well connected by roads and railways. Other important settlements aro Peddakura­ padu, Dodleru alld Dhulipallet.

4.3.5.6 Talluru, Lower Pre­ Psamments This is a plain region. River Krishna Narasarao­ TadlkoDda. Cambrian, and froms its north-eastern boundary. rhe pet­ Mangalagiri, Recent and Usterts other important rivers drainil'g the Guntur­ Emaoi, Middle region are Nakka vagu, Kuppavari Tenali Teoali. Triassic - vagu and Nallavralla vagu. This region Plain Amruthalur, Lower has in general sandy characteristics. Bapatia, Cretaceous Nizamapatnam canal and NagarJuna Ponnur, Sagar right canal are the main sources or Pratbipadu, imgation. This region forml the delta Guntur. area in south-eastorn part. The flat aur-

269 1 2 3 4 ~ is 8

Sattenapalle, raco with soft alluvial soil is suitable for Chilakaluripet. cultivation. Kammaour canal jotOS the RaJupalem and Buckingham canal near the Pedaganjam Narasaorapet in the Bapatla 'aluk. Transport and taIuks communication facilities are good. The region has eight towns and many large rural settlements.

4.1.'.7 llepalIe, Recent Psamment8 Mo~t part of tbe region bas deltaic Bapatla- Pallapalla and chwracteflstics. It is fumed by river Repalle and Bapatla l/sl6rl.r Krishna as well as deposits from Coastal taluks Bay of Bengal. Large portion of the Plain region is under cultivation. The irrigation facilities are provided by tbe splendid network of canals i.e. Bank canal, Nizllmpanam canal, Kammanur canal and certain other drains, viz.. Tungabhadra drain. the Nallamala cirain, the Kandcru drain. etc. Transport and communication facilities are good. Settlements are evenly distributed. Bhattiprolu. Repalle and BapaUa arc the threc towns located In tne region ..

110 KRISHNA DISTRICT

REGIONAL DIVISIONS

Krishna dirtrsct is a part of the Krilhna Delta rivers draining the district are Muneru, Wyra. Tammi­ (4.3.-5.). Being situated approximately between ] 5°43' leru. Budineru. Kattaleru and Upputeru. 17° 10' N latitudes and 80 0 0l.'-IW33 E. longitudes it is bounded by Khammam district in the north, West Goda­ Geologically, the district shows a widespread Recent vari district in the north-east. the Bay of Bengal in the aJIuvium in its deltaic formation.. But in the upper south and south-east and the Krishna river in tbe west. parts of the district the rock formations of Archaean, It is constituted by 18 taluks accounting for a total Lower Pre-Cambrian and Middle Triassic-Lower area of 8 727 km2 and a population of 3 048 463 per- Cretaceous periods are noticed. As the soils are con­ cerned. Ustalfs occur mainly in the northern, Usterts sons 0981 Census). in the middle and Psamments in tbe southern parts of In view of its physical presonality. the dIstrict may the district. In view of vegetal cover. only a few be broadly divided into upland and delta zones-the reserved forests are seen on the Kondapalle bills and former relating to the northern and the latter to the its neighbourhood. However, the species here belong southern part. The general relief of the district ranges to dry deciduous scrubs. upto 300 metres showing a gradient towards the south. The Kondapalle hill range lying between Nondigama and On the basis of the spatial diversity in the physio­ Vijayawada taluks is an tmportant topograpbic feature. geographic elements within the district there have been envisaged seven sub-micro regions as under. The most important pbysical feature-of the district is the Krishna delta covering an area of about 4 600 4.3.51 Jaggafyapet - Nandigama Plain kmg. Most part of the delta belongs to this district. -The shape of the delta is arcuate (Vaidyanadhan.1968) Extending over the north-western part of the dis­ . if only the active delta part is taken into consideration. trict this region includes JaggaY)'apet and Nandigama " It is a gently rolling low lying plain with Vijayawada as taluks and the part of Mylavaram and Kanchikachtalfs are associated with Rock Outcrops. There are 94 the river flows towards the sea on a gentle slnpe. The 2 villages and 1 town over an area of 867.30 km • Totll general slope is 15 cm/km Among the prominent geo­ population accounts for 216 906 persons of which morphic features recognised in the aerial photographs 184 864 reside in rural and 32 044 in urban areas. Its of the Krishna delta are ancient beach ridges, ancient 2 density of population is 250 persons per km • ch,:lDnel~ (abandoned streams) I), mlJTphostructures, flood plain deposl[S and sprts (Nageswara Rao and Vaidyana­ 43,5.5 Mylavaram-Vijayawada-Gudivada Plain dhan, 1978). The delta is very characteristic with its extensive rnanf.!TOVe swamp vegetation along its entire ... Enjoying the central location in the district this coastal part. The whole delta is under canal irrigation region covers Gannavaram and Gudivada taluks in tull where the main crop is paddy. Its geology is Recent. and Vijayawada, Pamarru, Mandavalli Kaikalur, Movva. Soils are Psamments. The regi,)n has 138 vilJages and . Vuyyur1 and Mylavaram taluks in parts. The region 2 towns claiming for a total area of 1 207,20 km2 which is plain and is suitable for cultivation due to irrigation is inhabited by 378 527 persons of which 347435 per­ facility" Most part of the region has Recent geological sons reside in rural and 31 09l persons in urban areas. formations although a little occurrence of Lower Pre­ The density of population comes to 314 persons per 2 Cambrian rocks is also noticed in the north. Soils are km •

Nageswara Rao !(. and Vaidyanadhan R ; Geomorphic Features in the Krishna Delta anti its Evolution; Proceedings of th seymposium on Morphology and EVOlution of landforms. Uni,ersity of Delhi, 22-23 December, 19'8,po. 120-130. Babu P.V.L.P.; Morpboloa;ical Evolution of the Krishna Delta; Photonirvachak, Jour. Ind. Soci. Photointer., 3(t), 1975. pp. 21~27. _ -Vaidyanadhan R.; Index to a Set of Sixty Topographic Maps Illustrating SpeCified Physio~raphic Features from India: C~S.I.R, 1968, p. 22. _" _, _ . .'.

272 MAP ;ENSUS OF INDIA

\) c T ANDHRA PRADESH KRISHNA DISTRICT CENSUS CODE .06 REGIONAL DIVISIONS KM5.5 0 5 10 15 20 KMS.

o o v

/"

(j R

Boundary, District o Boundary, Taluk s Vi,llag. having 5000 and above population • Uf ban Ar.a RS ~ailWay Line with station, Broad Gouge -l!l- / INatianal Highway - ('

Stat. Highway

Rivl2r BAY OF BENGAL

Regional Division

Macro

Meso

Micro SOilS KM5.10 0 10 2C Sub~Micro with Boundary == Boundary, Forest ... . [Read the Sequence of regional divisions with reference to the all Indio mop codes up to J tier]

(.,3.5·1 Jaggayyapet - Nandigama Piain Q Lower prt- Cambrian (8)

4.J.5.2 Kondapalle-Jamalapur - Kaltur Forested upland ~'''hQOan I 9 1 []lJ Middlt: Triassic_Lowe r c"IQw",fid:tl:!d:tl:!l)v . 14) .3.5.3 TirUVUf PI uln ~Rtc(nt{ 1) ~?Ustolfs 4 . J.5.4 Nuzvid Region 1!i:!!lJ12 U,IQlf.·Tropopts Eml JS Psammonts 4.J·5 . 5 Mylavorom -Vij

4. ·5·6 Kaikalur- Machd'potnam Coastal Pla 'n ~ 102 R'ock oukreps -Udalf.­ U,lolfs

4.J· 5·) Kr ishna Delta

DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS

District : Krishna Census Location Code No. 06 State : Andbra Pradesh

District Region No./ No. of vIllages No. of towns Area in km2 in region Population in region Name in each region in regIOn/ ------(19111) as evolved Name T R U ------T R U

1 2 3 4 6 7 8 , 10

Krishna 4.3.5.1 IS!! villages 2 towns 1 404.80 1.369.80 35,00 354734 304840 49894 Jaggayyapet- (45 in Jaggayyapet. I, Jagg

4.3,5.2 44 villages No town 647.90 647,9.> 948rsl 94881 Kondapalle- (31 in Mylavaram, Jamalapur- 2 in Nuzvid. Kottur :z in Vijayawada, Forested 9 in Vissannapet and Upland Kanchikacherla nil taluks)

4.~,S.3 61 villages 1 town '187,80 459,00 28,80 16346, 14343, 20028 Tiruvur (46 in Tiruvur 1. Tiruvur Plain and IS In Visaan. Bapet taJuks)

4.3.5.4 94 villages 1 town 867.30 85,.20 12.10 216908 184864 32044 Nuzvid (1S in Vissannapet 1. Nuzvid Reiion and V9 in Nuzvid taluks)

4.3.5,5 344 villages 8 towns 2954,70 2806.80 147.90 1 326 191 644140 682051 Mylavaram. (52 In Vijayawada, J. Vijayawada Vijayawada- 66 In Ganna. 2. Patamala Gudivada varam, 63 in 3. Gunadala Plain GucHvada 49, 4. Kankipadu in Pamarru, 5. Gannavaram 37 in Vuyyur, 6. Gudivada 129 in Mandavalli, 7, Kondapallc 14 in Kaikalur, 8. Vuyyur 1 in Movva and 33 in Mylavaram taluks) 1 2 3 6 7 8 10

4.3.5.ti 162 village. 3 towns 1 157.30 1 111.'0 45.60 S13 737 336804 1769SJ • Kaikalur- (37 in Kaikalur, J. Padana Macbmpatnam 20 in Madavalll, 1. Macbilipatnlm Coastal 45 jo Baotumilli 3. Kaikalur Plain aocl 60 in Bandar (aluks)

4.3,5.7 138 villagel 2 towns 1201.20 1 189.10 J8 10 378527 347435; 31 092 Krisbna (I in Vijayawada. J. Avaniaadda Delt. 11 in Bandar. 2. Challapalle 16 in Vuyyur " , in Pamarru, '4 in Mowa and ,n iD Di'fi taluks) REGION-WISE VILLAGE CODES, 1981

District: 'Krishna Census Location Code No. 06 State: Andbra Pradesh

SI. Division Taluk Location Code Total No. of Area of Remarks No. Number &: No. of Census ViUaFS I. Regional Name villages a"l ------Division Taluk DivisioD in kmZ

8 I 2 3 .. 5 6 1

Code No. 37 is merged itI. I, U.~.t Jaag'lyyapet I to 4.5, 45 Jaggayapet (OWO. Jaaa"apel- taluk

Code No. 31 fs merged 10 Nandigama Nandiaama 1 to 63 63 Nandigama town. Plain taluk ICanchiJca- 1 to" - cherla taluk

M,lavaram 19 to 22 4 1.58 1404.10 taluk

2. : 4.1,5.2 . Mrta"ram 1 to 18, 23, 21, 28, Code No. 19 to 22 ate in rcalon 4.3.5.1 and It.odapallo- talult 129. 36. 37, 3', 60 Code No. 24 to 2f 30 to Jamalapur- to 65 3I t 35. 39 59 kottur, to are 10 Poreate4 CoaiOD 4.J.S,5 UplaDd

Nuzvid 53,51 Code No 54 to 57 arc in reaiOD taluk 4.3.5.4 taJ_Vijayanda 8,9 2

VissaDOapot 27, 3Z to 39 Code No. 28 to 31 aro In realon taluk 4.3.5.3

Ieanehlkacherla .. 4 649.90

3. 4.U.3 Tlruvur taluk I to 46 46 Codo No.6. t. 10 are included Tifl}vur In Tiruvur town. PlaIA

271 1 2 3 .. , «5 a

Vissanoapet 1 to 4, 12 to 18, 15 61 487.80 Code No.5 to 11, 19 to 26 are talut 28 to 31 in region 4.3.5.4 and,. Code No. 27 i. in region 4.3.5.2

4. 4.1.5.4 Vissannapet 5 to 11, 19 to 26 IS Code No. 12 to 18 are in region Nuzvid talut 4.3.5.3 Ileaion Nuzvid 1 to 52, 54 to 57 79 94 U7.30 Code No. 51, 58 are in rCBion talut 59 to 81 4.3.S.2. Code No. 27 is merged in Nuzvid town. 5. 4.3.5.5. Vijayawada I to 7, 10 to 41, '2 Code No. 8. 9 are in region Mylavaram- tal uk 44 to Sl, S5, S6, 4.3.5.2 and Code NO. Vijayawada- 57, 59,60 42, 43, ,~ to '4, 58 arc Gudivada in reaion 4.3.S.7. Code Plain No. 13. U, 17 to 20 are Included in Vijayawada toWD, 21, 22 in Guodala, 47 in Kantipadu, .to, 41 ia Patamata towns. Gasnavatam 1 to 66 66 Code No. 13 is included in Gall· taluk navaram town.

Oudivada 1 to 6' 63 Code No. 30 to 35, 40 are partly taluk included in Gudivada town. Pamarru I to 29, 31 f. 39 49 Code No. 30, 40 to 44 are in talu" 45 to 55 region 4.3.5.7

Vuyyuru 1 to 37 3f Part of Code No. 18 is included taluk in Vuyyuru tOwn.

MaudavalU 1 to 24. 26, 27, 29 Code No. 2S, 28 are in region tuluk 19 to 31 4.3.5.6

Itaikalur 1 to 11.20.24, 14 Code No. 12 to 19. 21 to 23 taluk 15 are in region 4.3.S.6 Code No.9 is merged in Kaikalur town. Movva a 1 taluk Mylavaram 24, 25, 26, 30 to 33 344 2 9S"'0 Code No. 27 to 29. 36 to 38, taluk 35. 39 to 59, Cl6 60 to 65 are In region 67.68 ... 3.S.2, Code No. 41 is merred in tonda- pallo town.

12 t8 19, 21, d 37 Code No. 20, 24, .zS arc 10 f. ••U,6 EalkalUl ~kalur- talulll U, 16 to !II rcaion 4.3.5.S )tachilipatDI. Coastal MalldavaW 11',28,32, to ., 20 Cod. No, 26, 27. 29 to 31 are 10 • 1aIa til• reaion U.5.S Ita 1 2 3 5 6 7 8

Bantumilli 1 to 45 4S taluk

Bandar 1 to 46, '8 to 71 60 162 1 157,30 Code No. 47 to S7 arc in taluk: region 4.3.5.7. Code No. 29 is fully merged in Pedana town and Code No. 59, 61 aer partly iDcluded in Machillpatnam tOWD.

7. 4.3.5.7 Vijayawada 42, d3, ~2, 53, S4, 8 Code No. 44 to st, SS to 37, Krishna tal uk 5~, 61. 6l Sf,6 are in region Delta 4.3,5,)

Bandar 47 to 57 11 taluk

Vuyyur 38 to 53 16 taluk

Pamarru 3(',40 to 44 6 Code No, 31 to 39 arc in taluk region 4.3.S,S

Movva I to 7, 9 to ,5 S4 Code No. II is in region 4,3.S,S talnk

Divi I to 43 43 138 1207.20 Code No. 27 aDd 3 arc merged taluk in Avanlga"da aud Challapallc towDS respectively.

279 STATEMENT ON RltGION-WISE-PHYSIO-CULTVRAL DlT"AILS

District : Krisbna Census Location Code No. 06 State: ADdbra Pradesh

Stiltc District Division Namc of OcoloBY Soils PhYlio·cultural Charactcristics Number Aoministrative & Namc Division

1 2 4 6 1

Andhra Krishna ".3.'i.l Jaggayyapet. Archaean, Usta/fs This region is mostly plain, Pradesh Jagaayya- Nandi,ama, Recent and and Muneru and Wlra rivcra flow pet - Nandi. Kanchika- Lower Pre- UStlrtll through its central part providing gam a PlaiD cheri a and Carubrian Water facilities to this region. Myiavaram Trees such as palms and bamboo taluks are fou d in tbis region Settle­ ments are "nead. This region is suitable for cultivation.

4,3.S.2 Mytavaram, Archaean Usta/fs This region has an average Kondapalle­ Nuzvid, and and height UplO S4S mtrs. having Jamalapur­ Vija;,awada, Lower Uatert .. Kondapalle Kunduru and KOlhuru Kottur Vissannapet Pre- reserved forests. Budineru river Forested and Kanchi- Cambrian flows through its central p rt and Upland kacherla taluks has some dry tanks on its bank. Settlements are sparse y distr.buted.

4.3.5.3 Tiruvur and Archaean Ustalft This is a plain having small Tiruvur Vissannapet and trees such as palms, bamboos and Plain taluks Lower others. Kattaleru river with its Pre­ tributaries flows in this region Cambrian which is the maif source of irrig­ ation. Settlements are " ostly located on road side and near river banks, Some kachha toads ale available.

4.3.5.4 Vissannapet Archaean Uafa/ja It is a plain with scrubs Nuzvid and Nuzvid Recent, and and small trees This region Region taluks Lower Pre­ Rock out­ is fertile and suitable for culti­ Cambrian, crops­ vation. Settlements are spread Middle Uda/fs­ mostly on the road sides and also Tnassic­ USla/fs at other places. Lower­ Cretaceous

4.3.5.5 Vijayawada, Archaean, Usterls This region is a plain mostly Mylavaram - Gannavaram, Recent and cov,ring the cel tflll part of the Vijayawada­ Pamarru, Lower district. Small trees like palms Gudivada Mandavalli, Pre­ and bamboos are also available. Plain Kaikalur, Cambrian Irrigation facility in the are ais Movva, developed and canllle lire the main Gudivada, source of irrIgation. This area is Vuyyuru and fertile and s"itab/e for cultivatioD. Mylavaram Settlements are spread along the taluks roads. Swamps are seen near Kaikalur town.

280 J 2 3 5 6 7 •

4.3.5.6 Kaikalur, Lower U:ltaift­ It is a coa.tal plain irrigated Kaikalur­ Mandavalli, Pre­ Tropet:l by Bantumilli canal and Machili­ Bantumilli Cambrian and others which arc distributed patnam and Bandar and Recent U,tert. throughout the region; swamps Coastal talUks are found near Chorampudi. This Plain area is suitable for cultivation. Some small trees are also availa ble. Means of transport lind communi­ cations arc only roads in the lower part of the regioD. Settlements are spread throughout the region. Machilipatnam, ODe of the biggest towns of the district, is locatocl in this region.

4.3.'.1 Vijayawada, Lower hammeltta This is a delta formeli by Krishna Bandar, Pre· and Krishna river. In the lower part Delta Vuyyuru Cambrian UlterlS near sea COilst there are reserved Pamarru. and forests such as Telacbettudib­ Movva and Recent bapalom and Nachiogunta. This Divi taluks regiOD it wet and suitable (or coconut CUltivation. Swamps are lcen .n the eutetn part of the region. Settlements are sp'ead on tbe banks of the riVer. Means of transport and communications are roads.

281

CENSUS OF INDIA' MAP 35

A P U 0 I

4.3.6.1 PAPIKOI'«lA HILLS (Eas"", Ghats.) 4 .3 .6.2 CHINTALAPUOI-KANNAPURAM REGION 4 .3.6.3 ELURU- KOVVUR . PLAIN 4 . 3 . 6.4 GODAVARI OELTA

BOUNDARY. DISTRICT BOUNDARY, TAlUK VILLAGE HAVING 7 000 & ABOVE POPULATION • URBAN AREA NATIONAL HIGHWAY .. STATE HIGHWAY RAILWAY LINE WITH STATlON.8ROAD GAUGE_ RIVER BAY OF BENGAL REGIONAL DIVISION 4.3.6 . 4 • t t t MACRO ______'______I: I GEDLOGY ~RECENT (I) I I I I

[Read the sequencE of regional divisiOn&. with r .. terence 10 the all India map code5 up 10 3 ticI']

ARCHAEAN (9)

MESOZOIC -LOWE'R 'rE RTIA~Y

2R~

DATA ON REGIONAL DIVIStoNS

J}istrlct : West Godavari Census Location Code No. OS State: Aodhra Pradesh

District Region No.1 No of villages No, of towns Area in km2 in region Population in region Name in each region in reglon/ (11181) as evolved Name T R u T R u

I 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10

West 4,3.6,l 37 villages No town 650,00 650.00 25668 25668 Godavari Papikonda (37 in polavaram Hills (Eastern taluk) Ghats)

4,3,6,2 III I villages 1 town 1 198.00 1 8!H,20 0,80 327264 310 032 17 232 ChintaJapudi-(97 in Polavaram, 1. Jangared­ Kannapuram 110 in digudem Region Chintalapudi and 4 in Eluru laluks)

4,3.6.3 347 villages 5 towns 3 lal,40 3 104,80 16.60 1 176 112 864 389 311 823 Eluru­ (72 in Bluru, 68 in 1. Bluru Kovvilf Plain Bhimadole. 41 2. Tadepalli- in T Ildepalligudem. gudcm SO in Kovvur, 3. Kovvur 48 in Oopala­ 4. Akiveedu puram, SO in S. Nidadavolc Ganapavaram and 18 in Akiveedu laluks)

4,3.6,4 302 villaaes 5 towns 2 012,60 1 950.50 62.10 1 344 814 I 076 '95 267 a19 Godavari (13 in Kovvur. S2 1. Tanuku Delta in Tanuku. 24 in 2. Bheemavaram Ganapavaram, 3. Penugonda 3' in Akiveedu, 4. Palacole 38 tn Bhecmavaram, S. Naraapur 51 in Penu-mantra, 49 in Poduru and 40 in Narsapur taluka)

U7 REGION-WISE VILtAGE CODES, 1981

District: West Godavari Census Location Code No. 05 State: Andhra Pradesh

SI. DiviSion Taluk Location Code Total No. of Atea of Remarks No. Number & No. of Census viJiages in Regional Name villages 1981 ----_ DiviSIOns Divi- in kroll TaJuk sion

1 :z 3 4 5 6 7 8

1. 4.3.61 Polavaram 1 to 14,27 to 46, 37 37 6~0.OO Code No, 15 to 26, 47 to 74, Papikonda tal uk: 75, !i4, 85 76 to 83 are in Hills region 4.3.6,2 (&steIn Ghats) 2. 4.3.{\.2 Polavaram IS to ?(;, 47 to 74, 97 Code No, 27 to 46. 75, 84, 85 Cbintala- taluk 76 to 83, 86 to 134 are In legion 4.3,6.1 pudi- Code No. il3 is included in Kannapuram Jangareddigudem RegIon town. Cbintal.pudi 1 to 110 110 taink

BlurD taluk I, ilt 3, 19 4 211 1898.00 Code No,.( to 18 are in region 4,3.6,3 3. 4.3,6.3 Eluru taluk 4 to 18, 20 to 76 72 Code No, 19 is in region 4.3.6.1 Bluru- Code No. 32 full and 47 is partly JtO'fV1tt Plain included in Eluru town. Bhimadole 1 to 68 68 taluk TadepalliaudelD 1 to 41 41 Code No. 36, 37, 39 and 40 and talu1l part of Code No. 41 are merged in Tade- palligudem town. Kovvur taluk 1 to 47, 53, 55, 56 50 Code No. 48 to 52, 54 are in region 4.3,6,4 Code No. 19 is included in Kuvvur town and 53 is partly merged in Nidadavole town. Clopal.puram 1 to 48 48 tal~

Ganapavaram 1 to 22, 30 to 42, SO Code No, 2l to 29, 43 to '0, 59 ttluk 51 to SC. 68 to 74 67 are In region to 4.3.6.4

Akiveedu talu. J, 2. 3, 12, 13, 14, 18 347 , I1J,4O Codo No. 4 to ll. 1, to 24. 34, U to 33, 3S, SO, 51 36 to 49 are in relion 4.3.6.4. Code No. 26. 30, 32 are lllerp4 IQ Ativcedu to~

211 1 2 3 .. 5 6 7 8

4. 4.3.6.4 Kovvur .aluk 48 to 52, 54, 57 to 13 Code No. 53, 55, 56 are in Godavari 63 region 4.3.6.3 Delta Ganapavaram 23 to '29. 43 to SO, 24 Code No. 30 to 42. 51 to 58 are taluk S9 to 67 in region •• 3.6.3

Akiveedu taluk 4 to 11, 15 to 24, . 35 Code No. 12 to 14, 25 to 33. 35 34, J6 to 49, 52, 53 50, 51 are in region 4.3.6.3

Bbeemavaram 1 to 38 31 Code No. 24 and 2' fully and ta1uk 32 are partly included in ·Bheemavaram town.

Penumantra I to 51 51 Code No. 16 and ~I are merged in Penumamra town.

Poduru taluk 1 to 49 49

Narsapur 1 to 40 40 Code No. '17 and 28 are fully taluk and 17 and 26 partly merged in Narsapur town.

Taouku taluk 1 to 52 52 302 2 012.60 Code No. 26, '7. '9 are merged in Tanuku town.

289 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS

District: West Godavari CODSQS Location Code No. OS State : Andhra Prade..

State DistriCt Division Name of Geology Soils Physio-cultural CharactoristiQS Number &: Adm nist· Name rative Division

1 2 3 4 6

Andhra Pradesh West 4,3.U Polavaram Lower Rock Outcrops- This t.gion lies in the extreme Godavari Papikonda taluk Pre· Uda/fs- northern portion of the district Hills Cambrian Ustalls with an a\-crage height of 7'7 (Eastern mtrs. above the sea level. Tho Ghats) entire region is hilly and covered witb Papikonda and other reser· ved forests. In this regioD settle· me.,t, are very few and transport is poor.

4.3.6.2 Po!avaram Recent, Rock Outcrops- In this reaion the natural vegets· Chintala. Chintela. Neogene, Udalfs - tion iflcludes palms bamboo and pudi- pudi and Middle Ustal/s other small trees. Small. atches Kaonapuram EJuru TflaSsic - and of reserved forests are also found. Re~lon tatulls Lower Uslerls - In this region settlements are Cretaceous, Fiuvents spread throughout the region. ThO Upper develOPlllent of roads is ,opa. Carboni_ ferous- Lower Triassic, Lower Pre·Cam- brian and Archaean

4.3.6.3 Eluru, Recent, Uslerls, This region is bounded by river Eluru­ Bhimadoli. Pleistocene, Usterts­ Godavari in the east and mainly Kovvur Tadepalli- Mio.Pliocene Fluvents drained by Kakaraparru and Eluru Plain 8udem, (Neogene), and Rock­ canals which are the maio sources Kovvur. Middle Tria- outcrops­ of irrigation. Topographically it is Gopala­ ssic-Lower Udalft. fiat plain area. The region is pur am, Cretaceous, U$talfs fertile and cuhivable. Kolleru lako a.napa. Upper Carboni. i. situated in the south of tbis varam Cerous - Lower region. Swamps and reeds and Triassic, Meso· are also seen. In thit rcgion Akiveedu zoic.L()wer settlements arc highly concentrated, taluks Tertiary alld Transportation system is comPrised Lower Pre~ ot roads aDd railways. Cambrian

290 I 2 3 • 5 6 '1 • ... 3.6.4 Kovwr• Recent Ulla/fi- The region is drained by Godnari Tauuta, Tr(J~pl' Vasista Godavari river and by Delta Ganapa- lome other canal.. The natural varam, '¥eSC1ation includes palms, bam­ Akivccdu. boos and other small trees which 'Bheema- are KeD in the entire leaion. Here var.m. settlements are well distributed PeDD- and connected by roads and mautra. railways. The region is fertile aDd Poduru. eltlcotively under cultivation. aDd Narsapur taluks

2'1 EAST GODAVARI DISTRICT

REGIONAL DIVIS10NS

East Godavari district is a part of the Godavari e~_visag~d to have the following five sub-micro regions- Delta (4.3.6) delineated in the frame of the country. Being located between 16°30'-18°00' N. latitudes and 4.3.6 i Eastern Ghats 81 0 30'-82°3(), -E~longitudes, h--ls- bouilaed by-Kham~---- mam district, Orissa state and Vishakhapatnam district Having an influence and the environment of the on the north, the Bay of Bengal on the east and Eastern Ghats in general, the rc"~ion in tbe district of south and river Godavari on the west. Occupying a East Godavari spreads over the north-western part total area of 10 807 km2 and a population of 3 701 040 comprising the major part of Rampachodavaram and persons (1981 Census) the district is composed of 19 almost half of Yellavaram taluks. This region is less taluks. developed as it is mostly covered with reserved forests. Settlements are sparse. Its geology is Lower Pre­ Physiographic character of the district is reflected Cambrian and soils pertain to Rock outcrops-Udalfs­ through the zones broadly identified as the hilly Ustalfs. The region is constituted by 251 villages and tract (north). the upland (middle) and the delta area 1 town with a total area of 2321.00 km2 and is mhabi­ (south). With a general slope towards the south the ted by 49 567 rural and 3 891 urban dwellers making a general elevation ranges from a few metres near the total of 53 458 persons. The density of population is coast to over lOOO metres towards the north of the 23 persons per kms. Eastern Ghats. These hills are made up of tightly fol­ ded isoclines with occasional synforms and antiforms. 4.3.6.2 Yellavaram-Anna"faram Forested Upland (Prudhvi Raju & Vaidyanadhan, 1978). The Eastern Ghats are believed to be uplifted in post Mid-Miocene This is a forested upland region extending over the times. Geological structure of these hills is characteri­ parts of Rampachodavaram. Yellavaram, Korukonda, sed by the occurrence of Lower Pre-Cambrian forma­ Rangampeta. Prathlp1du and Tuni taluks. It is mostly tions. The southern part of the district is chiefly made covered with reserved fore~ts. Its geology relates to. up of Recent alluvium. A few patches of Middle Lower Pre-Cambrian rock formations. Rock outcrops­ Triassic-Lower Cretaceous. Mio-Pliocene and Mesozoic­ Udalfs-Ustalfs soils lie in the northern side and Ustalfs­ Tertiary rocks may be noticed in the central part of the Usterts-Fluvents in the southern side. The region district. In view of soils. Rock outcrops-Udalfs­ is entirely rural and contains 436 villag~s with an area 2 Ustalfs are found in the north and Ustalfs-Tropepts of 2 67U10 km • It is inhabited by 309857 persons are widespread all along the coast. The area of showing a density of population of 116 persons per km2• Usterts-Fluvents is interspersed between these two. Vegetal cover of the district may be seen as the patches 43.63 Rajabmundry-Pratbipadu Plain of reserved forests most obviously over Eastern Ghats in the northern part. However. total coverage (26.4% The region faJls in the central part of the district of total area) includes 4 types of forests. viz. ,- (i) south­ where river Akhanda Gautami Godavari confines its ern tropical dry deciduous. (ii) southern tropical moist western limits. It covers the parts of Rajahmundry, deciduous. (iii) southern tropical thorn and (iv) moist Peddapuram. Prathipadu, Rampachodavaram, Koru. tropical seral forests (Beachddal). konda Rangampeta and Almur taluks. Topographi­ cally, it is a cultivated plain, irrigated by rivers. tanks On account of the micro level spatial variations and small streams. Its geological structure is consisted in the physio-geographical factors the district may be of Lower Pre-Cambrian, Recent. Middle Triassic-Lower 292 Cretaceous, Mio-Pliocene and Mesozoic-tower Tertiary area of 1 000.00 km' and is inhabited by 743 625 pet­ rocks. Soils are mainly Usterts-Fluvents. The region sons of which 391 577 reside ill rural and 352 048 in includes 196 villages and 4 tOWDS. The total area is urban areas. The region has a density of 743 persons 1 773.00 km' which is mhabited by 883 528 penons of per km2• which 554 856 reside in rural and 328672 in urban areas. Its density of population is 498 persons per km2 4.3 6.5 Godavari Delta which reflects its agricultural richness. The region extends over the southern part of the 4.3.64 Tuni-Kakinada Coastal Plain district and covers Kothapeta, Ramachandrapuram. TalJarevu. P. Gannavaram, Mummidivarm, Amala­ The region is a coastal plain stretching upto the Bay puram and Razole taluks and parts of Rajahmundry, of Bengal in the east. It covers the parts of Tuni. PrathL Kakinada, Rayavaram and Alamur taluks. This region padu, Peddapuram. Plthapuram, Kakinada and Raya­ is captured from two ends by Vasistha and Gautami varam taluks. Its geology relates mainly to Recent forma­ Godavari rivers. The region is formed by deposition tions. Soils are mainly U stalfs-Tropepts. In thIs region of the deltaic alluvial sediments of the Recent geologi­ settlements are found near the sea coast. The northern cal period. Soil sub-order association is Ustalfs­ portion of the region is mostly hilly. Pampa river Tropepts. This region has palms and other small trees which takes its birth in the Prathlpadu, a mountain with thorny bushy types of vegetation. It contains 397 range of tbe Eastern Ghats, flows across this region from villages and 6 towns with a total area of 3 042.00 km2 west to east. All the hIlly tracts and some parts of the and is inhabited by 1 710 572 persons where 1 573 003 sea shore are covered by small forest patches. The persons reside in rural and 137 569 in urban areas. Its region contains 129 villages and 6 towns with a total density of population is 562 persons per km.2

Prudhvi Raju K.N. and Vaidyanadhan R. : op. cit. 1978, P. '17.

· CENSUS OF INDIA " MAP 36

ANDHR A PRADESH EAST GODAVARI DISTRICT CENSUS CODE 04 REG1ONA1.. 0IVISaJNS os or !

BAY OF BENGAL

4.3 . 6.1 EASTERN GHATS 4 . 3 . 6 . 2 YELLAVIoRAM-AHNAVARAM FOREST€O (JPt.,AN D

4 _ 3 . 6 _3 RAJA~ORY - PRATHIf'N)U PLA11'o1

4 . 3 . 6 .4 TUNI-tlAKiNADA COA~TAL PL ..."" 4 . 3 .6. '50 GOOAV,ARI DELTA

BOUNDARY> STATE. BOUN D AR". BOUNDARY, VILLAGE HAV.... G KJOOO AND ABOVE POPUlATlO,.,. URBAH AREA ~ RAILWAY LINE WITH STATION,BROAD GAUGE ~ NATIONAL HIGHWAY _ ~ STATE" H'GHWAY __S_H__

OTHER I M PORTANT ROAD~ RIVER REGIONAL DIVISfON MACRO __ MESO ____ _

MICRO ____ _ ~ LCM'ER PRE-CAMBRIAN C.) _ Jo4O-f'l..IOCEI'tE (]) ~ 102 Aoctc. 0tJTCR0F'S - I".IIQA.LFS- USl'ALFS RECENT II ) ~ S6 USTERTS - FLUVENTS rn:m 1:-: -~:_ I MESOZOIC - TERTIARY ~ t~~~~:C-- TROPEPTS

295

DATA ON REGIONAL DIVIsIOHS

blstriet : East Godavari Census Location Code No.04 State: Andhra Pradesb

District Region No.! No. of villages No. of towns Area in km2 in region Population in region Name in each region 1n region! ------(1981) as eYolved Name T R U ------T R U

1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10

Bast 4.3.6.1 25 t villages 1 town 2321.00 2 nO.tO 0.90 53458 49567 3891 Godavari Eastern (130 in Rampachoda. 1. Donllaraya Ghats varam and 121 in Yell,varam taluks)

4.3.6.2 436 villages No town 2671.00 2671.00 - 309 857 309 8S7 Yellavaram- (64 in Rampacho- Annavaram davaram. Forested 237 in YeJlavaram, Upland 5 in Korukonda, 5 in Ranaampeta. 96 in Prathipadu and 29 in Tuni talab)

••3.6.3 196 villages .. towns 1773.00 1 676.00 97.00 883 521 554 858 928172 Rajahmundry- (7 in Rampaebo- 1. Rajahmu· Prathipado davaram. ndry Plain 47 in ~orukoDda. 2. Rajahmu .. 26 in Rajabmundry. miry (NMA) 54 in Rangampeta. 3. Dowlcah. 27 In Peddapuram. waram 34 in Prathipadu 4, Peddapuram aDd J In Alamar talakl)

4.3.6.4 129 villages 6 towns r 000.00 'll.6e 88.40 743 62$ 391 577 352 .4' Tuni. (24 in Tuni. 2 I. Tuni Eakinada in Prathipadu. 2. Pithapuram Coastal .. in Peddapuram. 3, Kakinada Plain 53 in Pithaparam, 4, Ramanayya. 44 in Kakinada and peta 2 in Rayayatlm 5. SW')'araopeta talub) f. SamaUtot

,297 1 2 .. 5 6 '1 8 9 10

4.3.6.5 397 villages 6town8 3 042.00 2 980.10 61.90 1 710 S7~ 1 573 003 137 569 God4varl (7 In Rajabmundry, 1. Mandapeta Delta 42 in Alamur, 2. Ramachandra- 25 in R-ayavaram, puram 11 in Kaklnada. 3. Amalapuram 51 in Tallarevu, 4. Bandarulanka 47 in Ramachan­ 5. Machavaram drapuram, 36 in 6. Razole Mummidivaram, 71 in Amalaouram. 36 in Kothapeta, 40 in P. Gannavaram aDd 31 in Razole taluks) REGION-WISE VILLAGE CODES, 1981

District: East Godavari Census Location Code No, 04 State: Aodhra Pradesh

81. Division Taluk Location Code Total No. of Area of Remarks No. Number & No. of Censul villages In Regional Name villagel 1981 ----- Division Taluk Divi- in kml sion

1 2 3 4 , 6 7 8

4.3.U Rampach. I to 53, 65 to 101, 130 Code No. 54 to 64 102 to 118, •• Eastern odavaram 119, IZO. 121. 122, 123, 125 to 128, Ghats taluk 124 129 to 154, 155, lS6, 158 to 110 157, 181 to 188 arc in region 4.3,6.2 Yellavaram t to 116, 122 to 121 2S1 2321.00 Code No. 117 to 121, ) 26 are tal uk 125. 127 in region 4.3.6.2

2. 4.3.6.2 Rampach· 54 to 64, 102 to 64 Code No. 6S to 101, tl9 to Yellavaram- odavaram lI8, 123 125 to I2l. 124, 129 to 154, Annavaram taluk J28.155 156, 157.181 to 188 arc Fore,ted 158 to 180, 189 in rig Ion 4,3.6,1 Upland to 192, 195. 196 and Code No. IOJ], 194 arc in region 4,3,6,3

Yellavaram 1]7 to 111, 126, 237 Code No, 122 to 12S. 127 taluk 128 to 358 are in region 4.3.6,1 Korllkonda 3. 4, 5, 6. 7 5 taluk Rangampeta 1. 2. 3, 13. 15 , Code No.4 to 12, 14 are in taluk region 4.3.6.3

Prathipadu 1 to 68.77.78,98, 96 Code No. 69 to 76, 79 to taluk 99, 106, 109. tlO. 97, 100 to lOS. 113 111, 112, 114 to 132 are in region 4.3.6.3 and Code NI). 107, lOts are in region 4,3,6,4

Tuni 1 to 27,35. 36 29 436 2671.00 Code No. 28 to 34 are taluk in region 4,3.6,4

3. 4.3.6,3 Rampachoda~ 193. 194,197 to 7 Code No. 19.5, J96 are in Rajahmuodry - varam taluk 201 region 4.3.6.2 Prathipadu Plain KOTUkonda 1,2,8 to 52 47 Code No. 3 to 7 are in region talut 4.3.6,2

RaiahmundrY 1 to lS, 27 26 Code No. 26 is in region taluk ",3.6.5 Code No.2. 4,22 are included io Rajabmundry and 24 In DawJcsb .. W&ralD COWDI. 299 1 2 3 .. , 6 7 8

Rangampeta 4 to 12, 14, l' S4 Code No. 13, IS are in region taluk to 59 4.3.6.'1

Peddalluram 1 to 9, 14 to 3. 27 Code No. JO to 13 are in taJuk region 4.3.6.4 Code No. 27 i. included is Peddapuram town.

Prafhipadu 69 to 76, 79 to 34 Code No. ?7, 78.98. 99, IOf,. taluk 97, 100 to 10', )09 to 112 are in 113 region 4.3 6.2 and Code No. '107, -I08 arc in rcgion 4.3.6,4 Alamur taluk 1 1 196 1 '113.00

4. 4.3.6.4 Tuni 28 to 34, 37 to 53 24 Code No. 35. 36 are in region Tuni- taluk 4.3.62 Code No. 30 Kaldnada is fully aDd 32 Co~tal palt)y merged in Plain Tuni town. Pratbipadu 107, J08 2 tbluk Peddapuram 10 to 13 4 .aluk

Pithapuram taluk 1 to 53 53 Code No. 34 fully and 22 rartly are merged in Pithapurlm town.

Kakinada 1 to 32, 44 to 55 44 Code No. 33 to 43 arc in taluk region 4.3.6.S

Code No.1. U fully and U partly are mel led in Samalkot town.

Code No. 48, 49, 50, arc fullyalld S4 pattly" in. cluded in Kakinllda town, 22 in Ramar a. napeta and 48 partly merged in Suryarao- peta 10WD, Rayavaram taluk t,2 2 129 1000.00

S. 4.3.6.5 Rajahmundry 26, 28. 29, 30, 31, 7 Code No. 27 is in region Godavari taluk 32, 33 4.3,6.3 Delta

Alamur 2 to 43 42 Cod. No. 14 is merged in Man- taluk dapeta town. Rayavaram taluk 3 to 21 25 Kakinada 33 to 43 11 taluk Tallarevu 1 to 51 taluk '1

300 1 2 S 4 S 6 7 8

Ramachandra- 1 to 47 47 Code No' 1 and 11 are Inclu- puram taluk ded in Ramachandra- puram tOWD. Mummidivaram I to 36 36 taluk

Amalapuram 1 to 71 71 Code No. 38 is "artty merged in tal uk Amalaouram town 29 in Machavaram and 34 in Ba, dalulaoka towns. Kothapeta 1 to 36 36 taluk p. Gannavaram 1 to 40 40 taiuk

Razole 1 to 31 31 397 S 042.00 Code No. 4 is partly included tal uk in Razole tOWD.

301 ·.. STATEMENT ON·REGION-WISE PHYSIO·CULTURAL DETAILS

District: East Godavari Census tocation Code No 0"" State: Andhra Prad,sb

. State District Divisioll Name of Geolo~y Soils Physio.cultural Chara~teristi~s NUmber Administrative & Name Division

2 3 4 5 6 7

Andhra East 4.3.6.8 Rampachoda­ Lower Rock With an average height of ]091 Pradesh Godavari Eastern varam and Pre­ OUlcrops­ mtrs. above the sea level it is Ghats Yellavram Cambrian Udal/s­ mostly covered with reserved taluks Ustal/s forests such as Palagondi, Dever. palle and Kondamadalu. Settle­ ments are spar•• ly distributed. Some portions at the bank of Akhanda Gowtlmi Godavari tiver are cult,V ble. Transport is undor­ developed.

".S.G.! . Rampacnoda­ Recent Rock This region is having an aver­ Yellavaram- varam, Yella- Outcrops- age height upto 854 mtrs. and Ammavaram varam, Koru­ Udal/s­ is mostly covered with reserved Forested konda, Ultal/s forests. In this region Upland Rangampeta, and Usterts- transportation is not deve. Prathipadu Flu'Vents loped except few. roads. It is and Tuni irrigated by Eluru river taluks whicb passes through its centre. Settlements arc scattered.

4.S.6.3 Rampachoda. Recent, Usterts- This regIon is bounded by Rajahmun­ varam, Lower Pce· Fluvents river Akhanda Gowtami Godavari drY-Prathi. Korukonda, Cambrian, and in the we&t with an average padu Plain Rajahmundry, Middle Rock Out- height of 211 rotrs. Small trees Rangampeta, Tria!sic-- cr.plI- such as palms, conifers and Peddapuram, Lower Creta· Udalfs­ bamboos arc ,een. This area is Prathidadu, ceous, Mio- Ustol/s plain and cultivable whIch is irriga_ Pithapuram PltoceLe and ted by Vasista Godavari river. and Alamur Mesozoic Some springs and tanks are also taluks Lower found here. Development of Tertiary transrort and communication facilities is better.

4.3.6.4 Tuni, Lower Ustalft- This region is a coastal plain Tuni­ Prathipadu, Pre. Tropepts lying beside the Bay of Bengal. Kakinada Peddapuram, Cambrian, and In this region tanks and spriop Coastal Pithapuram, Recent Usterlll- are also seen; means of trans­ rlain Kakinada and FJuvel/f.I portation such as roads and and ~~o~Pli~en,e .. broadgauge rail lines are also Rayavara1l7 found. Settlements are found taluks ,near the sea coast. 1he n'or'

302 1 2 3 4 6 7

thern portion of this regio1\ is mostly hilly. Pampa river taking its birth in thePrathipadu mountain range of the Eastern-. Ghats-runs across this region from west to east. All the hilly tracts and some parts of the sea shore are covered ""ith minor forests consistin, of palDlIl and other small trees.

4.3.6.5 Rajahmundry. Recent Ustal!s- This delta re&ion lies alon& the Godavari Alamur, Tropeptl Bay of BeDaal and is captured Delta Rayavaram, and by Vasista and Gowtami Kakinada, Uslertl- Godavari rivers. In this region Tallarevu, FJuvents palms and other small trees are Ramchandra- available. This area is cultivated puram, Razole, and fertile due to good irrigation Murnmidivaram, faCilities. Roads and other means Amalapuram, of transportation are developed. Kothapeta and It is having some of the imp or- P. Gannavaram tant towns of this district. taluks SRIKAKULAM DISTRICT

REGIONAL DIVISIONS

Srikakulam district is a part of the Nortbern Keeping its physical diversities in view, the district Andhra Coastal Plain (4.3.7) and lies in the north­ may be divided into followlDg six sub-micro regions. eastern corner of tbe state approximately between the northern latitudes of 18°20' and 19°10' and between 4.3.7.1 Baroakooda-Kadagandi Forested Region the eastern longitudes of 8rS' and 84·50'. It i. bounded on the north by Orissa state. on the east and south­ This region consists of the parts of the high land east by the Bay of Bengal and on the west by Vizla­ falling between Vamsadhara and Langulya rivers. nal!aram district. This is the second smallest district It covers the parts of Palakonda and Hiramandalam of the state with an area of 5 837 00 km 3 where taluks. It is characterised by rugged topography 1 959 3S2 persons reside as per the 1981 Census. marked with hillocks and knolls with an average Major part of the district is a plain with the charac­ height ranging from 100 to SOO metres. The region is teristics of coastal plain of the Bay of Bengal The mostly covered with reserved forests. It consists of district has a sea coast of 192 kms. In the north, the old rocks of Lower Pre-Cambrian period. The main elevation is higher and surface is rugged on account soil sub-order association found is Ustalfs while of the presence of the off-shoots of the Eastern Ghats. Ochrepts-Ustalfs are associated with Orthents in the The height of these hillocks is above 500 metres at northern part. Settlements are located along the some places. The pJain area has an average elevation cultivated patches scattered over relatively flat areas of 2UO metres above the mean sea level. Vamsadhara of the region. It is entirely rural and includes 148 2 and Langulya are the main rivers of the district which villages with an area of 555.00 km • The region is flow in the central part in almost north-south directIon. inhabited by 35 549 persons. The area is least popu­ The district headquarters of Srikakulam is situated lated in the district and has a lowest density of 64 2 on the bank of Langulya river. The other rivers flowing persons per k m • in this district arc Nagavalli. Suvarnamukhi, Mahen­ dratanaya, Bahuda and Champavati. The rugged 4.3.7.2 Langulya- Vamsadhara Plain topographic area in the north and west consists of Lower Pre-Cambrian rocks while the plain and coastal This is the largest region in the district mainly plain areas have deposits of Recent alluvium. The coinciding with the valleys of Vamsadhara and soIls in the plaID are Psamments while Ustalfs OCcur LanguJya rivers. On the south-east, it is separated in the north-western part of the district. In the extreme by the coastal plain (4.3.7.6). Administratively, this north-west, in few areas Ustalfs and Ochrepts are plain extends over Rajam, Amadalavalasa and the absoclated with Orthents. parts of Hiramandalam, Palakonda. Pathapatnam, Ponduru. Ranasthalam, Srikakulam, Narasannapet and The climate of the district is characterised by Kotabommali taluks. This is almost a level plain humidity throughout the year. The summer is oppres­ with an elevation below 300 metres above the mean sive and the seasonal rainfall is good. The average sea level. However, some scattered vegetal cover in annual ramfall is 1 116 mm. The forests in the district the form of open scrubs is also seen. Perennial are of varying types greatly differing in nature. and seasonal ponds are found throughout the region. Broadly, these may be classified as South Indian moist The general slope is towards the south. Major part deciduous which mainly include sal forests and hiUy of the region consists of Recent alluvium. The area savanah and dry deciduous whi~h included mixed falling to the west of Langulya river is composed of forests and thorn forests. Lower Pre-Cambrian rocks. Ustalfs soil lu1>-ordo r 304 association is found in the northern part of the region by 261 886 persons of which 229 942 reside in rurai Whll~ PS,Jmments occurs in thc southern part along and 31 9~4 in urban areas. The settlements are com­ coastal plain area. Settlements are dense and evenly pact and distrtbuted throughout the region. The distributed. This is the most populated region of the favourable geographical conditions of the region havc district with the highest population concentration led to a higher population concentration. The region 2 (density of population-421 persons per km ). The ranks second in the district in terms of density of 2 region contains 845 villages and 4 towns with a total population (414 persons per km ). 2 area of 2 22515 km • The total population of the region is 936 766 persons out of which 817 861 per­ 4.3.7.5 Tekkali-Palasa Coastal Plain sons are categorised as rural and 118 905 persons as In continuation of the above region this coastal urban. plain also lies along the Bay of Bengal and bears almost similar physiographic characteristics. Adminis­ 4.3.7.3 Pathapatnam -Banapuram -Mandasa Forested tratively, it extends over Tekkali and the parts of Region Palasa and Pathapatnam taluks. Besides a major The region extends over the northern parts of the part of the region being a fertile plain, the physio­ graphic characteristics of the region include seasonal district comprising Pathapatnam. Pal as a and Sompeta taluks in part. The region presents typical rugged ponds, channels. mud, swamps, salt pans and coastal topography consisting of hIlls of a height above 500 sands. The region is developed on Recent alluvium. metres characteristic to the Deccan Plateau. These Psamments soil sub-order association is found are the oif-shoC'ts of the Eastern Ghats and are mostly throughout the region. Settlements are dense and covered with reserved forests. The region has deve­ mainly concentrated in the central part. The region loped on ancient rocks of Lower Pre-Cambrian contains 318 villages and 3 towns. With an area of period. Thc soils mainly belong to Ustalfs sub-order 775.00 km2 it inhabits 238 533 persons according to association. Psamments occupy a few eastern areas 1981 Census. Out of these, 197787 persons residc of the region. Being a hilly region mainly covered in rural and 40 746 in urban areas. The region has 2 with reserved forests, cultivated areas are small and a density of population of 329 persons per km • scattered. Settlements also lie along these areas. It includes 346 villages and one town. The total area is 4.3.7.6 Srikakulam Coastal Plain 82200 km2 which is inhabited by 171 497 persons of which 164 190 reside in rural and 7 307 in urban areas. The region lies in the south-eastern corner of thc The region has a density of 209 persons per km'. district along the Bay of Bengal and consists partly of Ranastbalam, Ponduru, Narasannapet, KotabommaIi 4.3.7.4 Sompeta-Ichchapuram Coastal Plain and Srikakulam taluks. LanguJya and Vamsadhara rivers flow in the central part of the region in south­ The region occupies the north-eastern corner of eastern direction and fall into the Bay of Bengal. The the district and includes Ichchapuram and part of region is rich in cultivation and is partly covcred with Sompeta taluk. This is mainly formed by sea depo­ thorny bushy types of vegetation. It consists of sits. The areas of marshy land and coastal sand with Recent allvium and the associated soil sub-order is some scattered hillocks are the chief characteristics of Psamments. Settlements are dense and evcnly distri­ this region. lhc slope is towards the south-east. buted. The region contains 213 villages and one town 2 Significant area is suitable for cultivation of paddy. with a total area of 876.85 km • It is inhabited by Geologically, it mainly belongs to Recent penod 315121 persons of which 300 619 reside in rural and and the associated soil sub-order a3soclation 14 S02 in urban areas. The concentration of popula. is Psamments. The region has 215 villages and tion is fairly high with a density of 359 persons pel 2 2 towns with a total area of 633.00 kml. It is inhabited km •

305

I I A R A M f ~"

~ "

'"f 5 0 n'" :Ii 0. ~)- 5' '"~ '" - " · 0", '"':' ·c n "· » :r ~ O>~ ill !? i> 1tG' z '1( -

s: s: :n :n Q : g . 0 o· a· g ~ '", !. 3" <.0 "0 ;;;. .:! g "a ." 0 "it

,~I' II ! !I r' · \ i i

D4TA ON UqIONAL DIVISIONS

CfjDlUI LpeatioD Code No. 01

District Region No., No. of villalel No. of towns Area In km2 In reaion Population in re,ion Name in each reaion in rea1on/ ------(1981) II evolved Name T R U ------T R U

2 3 Ci 7 8 9 10

Srikakulam 4.3.7.1 HI villages No town 5'5.00 ,,'.CO - 35 S49 3S '49 Bamakond- (33 in Hiraman- Kadalandi dalam and 11' Forested in PalakoDda Ilcgioll taluks)

4.3.7.2 84' villalel 4 towns 2 225.15 2 117.6' 37.50 936 766 117 861 11890' Lan,uJya­ (97 in Hirlman­ J. AmadallV- Vamsadhara dalam.'" in alasa PJain Pathapatnam. 2. Palakonda, 64 in Kotabommall. 3. Rajam 40 In Narasannapet, 4. Srikakulalll 171 in Amadallvaiasl, 24 in Srikakulam, 34 in Ranasthalam. 82 In Ponduru • • 4, in Rajam and 143 In Palakond. taluks)

4.3.'.3 346 villaaes I town 122.00 815.80 6.20 17J 497 164 190 7307 Patbapatnlm- (22 In Sompeta, 1. Mandasa Banapuram - l' ia FaJasa and .raodasa 30~ in Forested Patbapatnam Reaioo taluks)

4.3.7.4 215 villaps 2 tOWOI 633,00 61$.40 17,60 261 886 229 942 31944 Sompeta­ (50 in Icbcbapuram 1.lcbchapuram Icbcblpuram and 165 in 2. Sompeta Coaatal PlaID Som~ tatuka)

80' 1 2 3 • 5 6 7 8 9 10

4,1.7.5 318 villages 3 towns 72S,()O 703.80 21.20 238 533 197 787 40 746 Tekkali-Palasa (168 in Palasa, 1. Kasibugga Coastal Plain 140 in Tekkali and 2, Palasa to in Pathapatnam 3, Tckkali taluks)

4.3.9,6 21 J villages 1 town 876.85 871,6S S,20 315 121 :!OO 619 14 S02 Srikakulam (37 in Kotabommali, 1. Narasannapet Coastal Plain 45 ill NaraslDDapct, 36 in Srikakulam, 23 in Ponduru and 72 in Ranastllalam taluks)

310 :U:GION-WISE VILLAGE CODES, 1981

Dlstrfct : Srikakalam Census Location Code No. 01 State: Aaclllra Pradel"

SI. Divhion Talok Location Code Total No. oC Area oC RcmlUks No. Number No. 0' census Villages in Rigional & Name vmaaCi 1981 ---.-- Division Taluk Division iD 1m'

J 2 3 4 7 8

1. 4.3.7.1 Hiramandalam 34,42 to 116, 84 33 Code No. 35 to 41. 67 to 83, B rnakonda- talut to 89, 104 90 to 103 arc in Kadagandi reaion 4,3,7.2 Forested Region

Palakonda 1 to 5. 8 to 33. 113 148 '5$.00 Code No.6. 7, 34 to 46, 109 to taluk 47 to 108. 148 147. 169 to 16. :134 to 168, 217 to to 242 are in reaion 233, .243 4.3.7.2

2, 4.3.1.2 Hiramandalam I to 33, 35 to 97 Code No. 34, 42 to 66, 84 to Langulya- taluk 41,67 to 83, 90 89, 104 are in reaion Vamsadllara to 103, 10) to 4.;.7.1 Plain 130 Pathapatnam I to 11. 16 to 4' L.C. No. 52 is meracd in L. C. tsluk 2'. 44, 45, 308 No.5. and C,)de No. to 313,342 to 12 to U, 24 to 43, 46 348,3' to 361 to '1. 53 to 307, 316 to 319, 325 to 327. 333 10 341, 349 to 352 aro in region 4.3.7.3

Kotabommali I to 24, 29 to 64 Code No. 25 to 28 67 to 88 taluk 66. 89,90 are in region 4.3.7.6 Naresanoapet 1 to 29, 42 to 40 Codo No. 30 to 41. 52 to 72 taluk 51,73 are in reaion 4.3.7.6 Amadalavalasa 1 to lOS, 107 171 Code No. 106 is deleted from taluk to 172 tbis taluk. Code No • .,7, 1 ", 165, 167, 168 are fully inclu­ ded in Amadalava­ lasa toWD. SrlkakuJam J to '. 9 to 13, 24 Code No. 6 to 8 are in region taluk 15. 16. 17, 19.to 4.3.7.6 and Code No. 29 14 and 18 are deleted froPl tllia talut

311 1 2 3 4 .5 6 7 8

Code No. 27, 28 and parts of. 26, 29, 30 are parlly included in Srika- . " kulam town. Ranasthalam 1 to 18, 2S. 26. 34 Code No. 19 to 24,27 to 37. taluk 38 to 46. 69, 70 47 to 68. 73, 74 are 7J, 72. 7S in region .3.7,6 , Ponduru taluk 1 to 79, 81, 82, 8Z Code No, 80 is in region 83 4.3.7,6 Rajam taluk I to 145 14.5 Code No.'70 is included iil RaJain town. Palakonda 6, 7, 34 to 46, 143 84S 2 22S.15 Code No. Ii to 33, 47 to 108, taluk 109 to 147, 169 wf 10 168, 217 to to. 21~~ 234 to 242, 233~ 2~3 ar~ ID region 244 to 258 4.3.7.1 Code No; 175; 211, 212 are in-' eluded in Palalonda' town.

3, 4.3.7,3 Sompcta taluk 58 to 64, 89 to 22 Code No. 65 to 88. 102 to 10S,- Pathapatnam- 101, 106, 151 J07 to 150 are in , ' , Banapuram- region 4,3.7.4 Code Mandasa No.' 106 IS included in Forested Mandas'a town. Region palasa taluk 1 to 16, 21, 22, 19 Code No. n to 20 are in region 23 4.3.7.' , , 346 822.00 Code 16 Co 23. 44, 45, 303 Pathapatnam 12, 13, 14. IS, 305 No: , t . taluk 24 to 43, 46 to to 315, 342 to 3~8, 51, 53 to 307, are in region" 4,3,7,2 316. 317, 318, and Code No. 320 to 319.325,326,327, 324. 3 8 to 332 are 333 to 341, 349 in rigion 4,3.7.S \, to 332 " Code No. 20 is merged 4.' 4.3.7,4 I~hchapuram 1 to '0 SO in Sompeta- taluk Ichchapuram town.

lchchapuram / , .1 Coastal Plain Sompela taluk 1 to S7, 65 to HiS ~15' 633,00 Code No. 58 to 6', 89 to 101, I 88. lQ2. 103, 104, 106, IS' are in reg'on J05. 1Q7 to 1~6~' 4.3.7.3 Code Nn. 51, 152 fo lsi 52 and 72 are in_ cluded in Sompeta tOWD. Code No, 21 to 23 are in region 5. 4.3.7,5 Palasa taluk 17 to 20, 24 to 16~ Tekkali- 187 4.3.7,3 Code No. 32, Palua Coaatal 33, ~4 are merged in Palasa and 39, 40, Plain 51 and 53 in Kasi- bugga tow us.

312 - 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 a

Tekkali taluk 1 to 104 104 Codo No.4'. 67 arc included in TokkaJ town.

Pathapatnam 320 to 32., 328 10 318 725.00 Codo No. 325 to 327 are in tal uk to 332 region 4.3.7.3

~. ".3,7.6 Kotabommali 2~t 26, 27. 18. 37 Code No. 29 to 66, 89. 90 arc Srikakulam tal uk 67 to 88, 91 to in regio""" ;':1.2 ',' Coastal Plain 10l

" Narasannapet 30 to 4 t ~2 to .5 Code No. 42 to St, 73 are in taluk 72.74 to 85 region 4.3.7.2 Code No. 29, 40, 42 and 43. are Included partly and 41 fully included io Nal aaannapet town.

Srikakulam 6. 7. 8, 30 to 62 36 Code No.9 to 13. 15 to 17. 19 taluk to 29 are in region 4.3.7.2' and Code. No. Hand 18 are,deleted from this taluk, and transfer. ed to.fi) mad,a- , laval~sa and Pondura taluks respectively.

Ponduru 80.84 to lOS 23 Code No. 81 to 83 are in region taluk 4.3.7.2

Ranasthalam 19 to 24, 27 to 72 2i3 876.85 Code No. 2S, 26, 38 to 46, taluk 37, 47 to 6', 69 to 72. 75 are in 73,74, 76 to region 4.3.7.2 106

313 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CULTURAL DETAILS

I>istrJct : SrlkakuJam CeDSDS LocatioD Code No. 01 Stafe: ADdhra Pradesh

State District Division Name of Ocol081 Soils Physio-cultural Characteristics Number cl Administrative Name Division

1 2 3 4 6 7

Andhra Srikakulam 4.3.7.1 Palakonda and Lower Orthents- WIth an average height between Pradesh Barnakonda­ Hiramandalam Pre­ Ochrept,- 100 aDd 100 mtrs. and a slope towarda kadasandi talub Cambrian Ustalfs the soulh.east it is characterised by Forested and rugled topography mark"d with hillO" Ile.ion Ustalfa cks, knolls elc. It is almost endrely clad with forests. Settlements are located only. in the cultivable areu over the level land.

4.3.'.2 Palakonda, Recent Ustalfa Between the average bei.bt of 100 Langulya­ Hiramandalam, and and and }l 0 mtfS. and a gentle slope toward Vamsad­ Pathapatnam, 1.ower Psammellta the sOllth. it is a level plain drained bara Plain Ilajam, Pon­ Pre­ by the Languly. Vamsadbara and duru, Amada­ Camblian their tributaries witb occurrence of lavalasa. ponds/tanks. Sufficient "egetatlon

Ranaathalatnt with scanty open scrubs. rocky knobs Srikakutam, and cultivated land is visible. Settle­ Narasannlpet, mentl are eveDly di6polsed. and (totabom­ mali talub

4.3.7.3 Pathapatnam. Lower Us101l11 This region has an avera.e height Pathapa­ Sompeta and Pre- and between 100 and 500 mtrs. and a lOam;'" Palau taluks Cambrian PlammelCta slope towards the soulh-east. It ia Banapuram­ drained by numerous seasonal Mandasa Channels. It i. majorly occupied Fore.tecl by forest patches with a lesser aegiOD amount of cultivated land and i. allO characterised by small hillocks, rocky slopes, knobs. scrubs etc. Settle­ ments arc random and preferably located in tho level land.

~.3.7.4 Sompeta and Ilecent P,amment. This coastal plain bas an average Sompeta­ Ichcbapuram aod height below .50 mtrs. and a general Icbcba­ taluks Lower slope towards tbe Bay of Bengal puram Pre. It is characterised by a fe" Coastal Cambrian patches of marsh, coastal sand etc. Plain Mixed Vegetation with cashew planta­ tion alld a Bood amount of cohivatecl

314 1 '7

land with even distribution or setti .. dienl' are tho obvioul features of the re,ion.

4.3.1.5 Pata... Tokkalf. Recent PsamfMnts the re.ion spreads over tho Tekkali - and Patbapatnam and coalt alon, the Bay of Ben ..1 Palasa taluks LOWer 'With an average height upto 100 Coastal Pre- mtrs. aDd slope towards tbe south­ plaiD Cambrian east. It is characterised by a few rock, knobs, seasonal ponds, salt pans and coaltal sand. It i. mostly cultivated with almost even distribution of settlements and a good nelwork of roads and. railways.

4.3.7.6 Ranastbalam, Recent PsamfMnts With an averale height below 100 Srikaku. Ponduru, and mtrs. it is drained mainly by the lam Srikakulam, Lower Pre- Lanlutya and Vamsadhara river. Coastal NarBlannapet, Cambrian aloDgwitb several seasonal channels PJain and Kotabommali and ponds. It is characterised by a taluk. few rocky knobs, ubiquitous vege­ tation, cultivated land and almost even distribution of settlements.

315 V1ZIANAGARAM DISTRICT

REGIONAt DIVISIONS

Vizianagaram district is a part of the Northern them. (Prudhvi Raju and Vaidyanadhan. 1978). The An'

Prudhvi Raju K.N. and Vaidyanadban R.; op.cit. 1978 p.516.

317

CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 38

ANDHRA PRADESH 5 VIZIANAGARAM DISTRICT CENSUS CODE 02 REGIONAL DIVISIONS

10 15 20

KILOMETRES

<..)

4.3.7. 1 KURUPAM FORESTED UPLAND

1..3.7.2 SUVARNAMUKHI -VEGAVATI PLAIN

4.3 . 7.3 WESTERN FORESTED TRACT

4 . 3.7. 4 CHEEPURUPAUE-GAJAPATHINAGARAM -VIVYAMPETA REGION

o 4.3.7.5 VIZIANAGARAM-BHOGAPURAM COASTAL PLAIN

Boundary, Stale

Boundary. Dlstnct ..

Boundary. Toluk Villoge havmg 5000 :and abOlle popuioiton .. • Urban Arlito

R()dwoy Line. With Slolion,Brood Gouge '" Notional Hlqhway Stote Highway -'-"- (/I Other lrnpodonr .Roods . . :r »

7"- VIZ If,I) ~::~ ""."_ ~ ~~ ~ _•__.. :=~ _Jij j :I: Scb- "ino with 80codO'Y ______:J_ BOU'ldory, For~st

[Read the sequence of regionol diviSion with refti!rti!ncti! to the 011 IndiO mop codes up 10 3 II (i> r]

,"c ... VIZ - PART J V1ZIANAGARAM DISTRICT INCLUDED IN VISHAKHAP,A.TNAM DISTRICT V15- P.... RT OF VISHAKHAPATNAM DISTRICT INCLUDED IN VIZ1ANAGARAM DISTRICT

~ ~ ~;~~I~: -Ocnrcpt~ 11135 Psomfl'1ll:nts

B59 Ort~nlS- ' Ochrcp~ UstaUs

DATA ON REGIONAL DIVISIONS

District! Vizianagaram Census Location Code No. 02 State: Andbra Pradtlb

Oistrict Region No./ No. of villages No. of towns Area in kml in region Population in region Name in each region in region! (1981) as evolved Name ------T R U --~------T R U

2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 10

Viziana- 4.3.7.1 279 villages No town 923.00 923.00 - 76062 76062 galam Kurupam (216 in Kurupam Forested Upland and 63 in Par- vathipuram taIuks)

528 villages 3 towns 4.3.7.2 2 145.10 2 087.00 58.10 668 644 560051 108 593 Suvarnamukhi - (24 in Kurupam, J. Parvathipuram Vega .. ati Plain 147 in 2. Salur Parvathipuram, 3. Bobbili 121 in Bobbili, 92 in Badangi and J 44 in Salur taluks)

4.3.7.3 t06 villages No town 651.30 658.30 - 37 894 37894 Western (12 in Parvathipuram, Forested 84 in Salur, Tract 3 in Araku (Vishakha- patnam District), and 7 in Gajapathinaga. ram taluks)

4.3.7.4 534 villages 4 towns 2 300.00 2 239.40 60.60 7J 6 71S 666979 Cheepurupalle - ( t 5 in Gajapathi- J. Cheepurupalle 4973' Gajapathi- nagaram 112 2. Kondapal Alias nagaram- in Cheepurupalle Sriramnagar Viyyampeta 73 in Nelli- 3, Nellimarla Region marla taluk, 7 in 4. Kothavalasa Bhogapuram 50 in Vizianagaram and 83 in Srunga- varapukota taluka (L.C. Nos. 14. IS and 16 are located in Araku taluk of Vishakhapatnam District and 94 in Viyyampeta taluk)

4.3.7.5 98 villages 3 towns 512.00 492.70 19.30 304626 175456 129170 Vizianagaram- (20 in VizJana~aram 1. Gajularega llhogapuram and 78 in llhoga- 2. Konapaka Coastal Plain puram taluks) 3. Vizianagaram

Note: The area and p"pulation totals of the districts (0 1101 tally sileo sOlre of ,Ile Vj)JlgfS & Vizi.nagaum district are located tn Viahakbapatnam district and vice veraa.

321 REGION-WISE VILLAGE CODES, 1981

District Vlzianagaram Census Location Code No 02 State: Aodhra Prades"

SI. Division Taluk Location Code Total No. of Area of Remarks No. Number & No. of Census villages in Regional Name villages 198 1 ---- Division Taluk Division in km2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

129 to 135, 1. 4.3.7.1 Kurupam tal uk I to 100, 103 to 128, 216 Code No. 101, 102, Kurupam 136 to 166, 182 to 240 167 to 181 are in region Forested 4.3.7.2 Upland Parvathipuram 1 tD 41, 48, 49, 71 to 63 279 923.00 Code No. 42 to 47, 50 to 70, 84 taluk 83,129, 132, 133, 135 to 128, 130, 131, 134, to J 38 are in region 4.3.7.2

2. 4.3.7.2 Kurupam taluk 101, 102, 129 to 135, 24 Code No. 103 to 128, 136 to 166 Suvarnamukhi - 167 to 181 are in region 4.3.7.1 Vegavati Plain

Parvathipuram 42 to 47,50 to 70,84 147 Code No. 48, 49, 71 to 83, 129, taluk to 128,130,131,134, 132, 133, 135 to 138, 139 to 155, 168 to 222 are in region 4.3.7.1 and Code No. 156 to 167 are in region 4.3.7.3 Code No. 112, ISO, lSI ,182, 1113 are merged in parva- tbipu·am town.

Bobbin taI\lk l to lZl Hl Code No. 65, lOS full and patr or88 is included 10 ]3pbbili town. Badangi taluk 1 to 92 92

Salm taluk 2Q, 21, 22, 23, 32 to 144 528 2 145.10 Code No. 24 to 31, 52 to 66, 88, 51, 67 to 87,90, 96 89, 91 to 95, 123 to to q2, 129, 130, 134 128,1'1 to 133, 149,151, to 148,152 to 173, 174 to 179, 183, 184, 180, 181, l~Z, 185 to 212 to 214 are in resion Zll! 21~ 4.3.7.3 Code No. 134, 144, 156, 157 are in. eluded in SaIu! town.

3. 4.3.7.3 Parvathipuram 156 to J 67 g Western taluk Forested Tract

Salllr talul~ I to 19, 24 to 31, 52 84 Code No. 20 to 23, 32 to 51, 67 to 66, 88, 89,91 to to 87, 90, 96 to 122, 129, 9', 123 to 128, 130.134 to 148, 150,152 13\ t~ \:.3, \49, \71, to t1l. 1 gO to \%2, US to 179, 183, 1M, 212 to 211,215 are in tcaion to 214,216 to 228 4.3.7.2

322 1 2 3 .. S 6 1 8

Araku taluk J. 3. 132 3 L.C. Nos. 1, 3 and t 32 are loca. (Visakhapatnam ted in Gajapathinagaram District) taluk of Vizianagaram District. Gajapathi. 26. 21, 57 to 61 7 106 658.30 Code No. 28 to 56 are in region nagaram 4.3.7.4

4. 4.3.7.4 Gajapathl. 1 to 25, 28 to 56, 115 Code No. 26, 27, 57 to 61 are in Cheepurupalle- nagaram taluk 62 to 122 region 4.3.7.3 Gajapathi· nagaram- Viyyampeta Region

Cheepurupalle 1 to 112 112 Code No. 78 62, 70 are merged in taluk Cbeepurupalle and 75 to 77, 90 in Kondapalem town. Nellimarla 1 to 73 73 Code No. 67 is included in Nelli· taluk marla town. Bhogapuram 2 to 6, IS, 16 7 Code No.7 to 14 are in region tal uk 4.3.7.5 Vizianagaram 1 to 31, 35 to 51, 50 Code No. 32 to 34, 52 to 63 are taluk 64, 65 in region 4.3.7.5 Srungavarapukota 1 to 13, 17 to 49, 83 Code No. 14, 15 and ] 6 are loca. taluk 51 to 87 ted in Araku taluk of Visbakhapatnam District. Viyyampeta 1 to 94 94 534 2300.00 Code No. 50 is merged in Code talule No. 49 Code No. 86 is merged in Kotha- valasa town. 5. 4.3.7.5 Vizianagaram 32 to 34, 52 to 63, 20 Code No. 35 to 51, 64, 65 Vizianagaram- are in taluk 66 to 70 region Bhogapuram 4.3.7.4 Code No. '4 is included in Kona. Coastal Plain paka, S6 in Gafularega and 60, 61 parts in Vizianagaram towns. Bhogapuram 1,7 to 14, 17 to 85 78 98 S12.0J Code No. 2 to 6, 15, 16 are in taluk region 4.3.7.4

323 STATEMENT ON REGION-WISE PHYSIO-CuLtuaAL llEtAits

bittrlct: Vizianagaram Census Location Code No. 02 State : Andbra Pradelh

State Distcict Division Name of Geology Soils Physio-cultural Characteristics Number &: Adminiatra- Name tive Division

2 3 4 5 6 7

Andhra Vizian­ 4.1.7.1 Parvathipuram Lower Ustalfs­ With an average height between 200 Pradesh agaram Kurupam and Pre­ Ochreprs and ,,50 mtrs. and a slope towards the Forested lturupam Cambrian and south it is drained by the Vottigedda Upland taluks (Khnnda­ Orthents - and other stream. with b ok,n ground lites) Ochrepts­ along sides. It shows an abundance Ustall, of hlllocksl knolls aod rugged lopo­ grapby With steep rocky slopes mocked With significant coverdge of forests. Settlements are locattd along cultiva­ ted patcbes.

4.3.7.2 lC.urupam, Lower Pre­ Usta/fs and It is a level plain having an avera go Suvarnamukhi- Parv.thipuram, Cambrian UstcJlfs- height between 100 and 200 mtts. and Ves·vati Salur, and Recent Ochrepts a slope towards the east. Drained by Plain Bobbili and the Langulya. Suvarnamukhi. Veg8vati Badangi and others it is characterised by to tub numerous ponds/tanks and a few patches of forests mixed with miscel­ laneous vegetation. It is mostly clJlti­ vated showlDg an even dispersion of settlements.

4.3.7.3 Oajaplthina­ Lower Orthents- Lying in the west as a striP with an Western gar1m, Salur Pre- Ochreptl- averaae height between 2. 0 and )00 mtrs Forested and Cambrian Ustalll it is char,cterised by rugled topogra_ Tract Parvathipuram phy marked with a few hillocks, steep taluks of slopes, dense scrubs and a few rocky Vlzlanas rm knobs. It is almost entirely forested and Araku taluk showing random disperaion of settle­ of Vilbakhaplt­ ment., Dam District

324 I 2 3 6 7

4.3.7." Gajapathitta. Lower Lyinl between the aver.ge height of Cboepuru· garam. Cbee. Pre- Ustal!8- 100 and luO mtrs. and a slope towards palle­ PUtupaUe, Cambrian Ochr.pt8 the south it is drained by tbe upper Gajlpathi. Nellimarla, (Khonda. and course of tbe Champavathl, Kandival. na.arattl­ Vilianaga.ram. htes) Psamments ala Goatani and its tributaries. It i. Viyyampeta Srnngavarap. and cbaracterised by a lood amount of Relion ukota, P1eistocene cultivated land except a few small Bho,apuram hillocks aDd opeD scrubs mixed with and miscellaneous vegetation throughout. ViyYampeta Settlements arc almost even in diltri. talub bUllOD.

4.3.7.' VIzianagaram Recent PoSamments It has an average height below 1(0 Vizianagaram - and Bboga. and Lower mtrs. and slope. towards the south. Bhogapuram puram taluks Pre­ It i, drained by the Champavatbi river Coastal Cambrian and some seasonal channels and Plain (Khondalites) ponds. VegetatIon cover is dense compris Dg of plantalion, cOJ.,ifcloul ar d otbers. Settlements are dense. Transport net work is better.

32$ VISHAKlIAPATNAM DISTRICT

REGIONAL DIVISIONS

Vishakhapatnam distrir.t is a part of the Northern patnam city are Khondalite. Charnokite and granite Andhra Coastal Plain (4.3.7). Being located between the The southern foot slopes of the Kailasa range here co-ordinates of 17°15'-18°32' N.latitudes and 151°50'- are flanked by a series of piedmont fans formed of 83°32' E. longitudes, the district is bounded by the detritus of debris stope brought down by streams. The state of Orissa on the north and north-west, Viziana­ material is chiefly silt-gravel-sand. In the inter-fan garam district on the north·east, the Bay of Bengal on areas and along the rest of the foot slope where there the south -east and East Godavari district on the south­ are no fans. it is all colluvium with the same material west. The district accounts for a total area of 11 161 composition as of the fans. The thickness of the collu­ km2 constituted by 14 taluks and inhabited by 2576474 vium deposit varies from 0.6 to 6 metres (Prudhvi persons (1981 Census). Raju and Vaidyanadhan, 1978). It is also relevant there to note that the GSI and other organisations have Physiographically. the district exhibits the chara­ recognised the extensive reserves of bauxite of diffe­ cteristics of a plain landscape in the area extending rent categories ranging to million of tons among the from the coast upto the foothills of the Eastern Ghats. lateritic cappings particularly between Anantagiri and It contains sea stacks, wave-cut platforms. beaches and Araku as well as around Chintapalle (Prudhvi Raju sand dunes. This coastal plain is characterised by small and Vaidyanadhan, 1978). detached hills, large accumulation of red sand. often dissected into miniature badlands and patches (]If dune As far as the soits are concerned. broadly there are sands. Laterites are present here both as altered product 3 soil zones in the district- (i) Pllamments along the coast. (ii) Ustalfs in the middle part and (iii) Orthents· of hard rock as well as colluvium. To the nOlth-west, Tropepts-Rock outcrops in the north. Little patches there is undulating upland area (with a height of even more than 1200 metres) of the Eastern Ghats. In the of Rock Outcrops-Udalfs-Ustalfs and Ustalfs-Ochrepts western part over Chintapalle area relati .... ely flat topS are also seen in the extreme west and north respectIvely. As a general character of the soil spread, the presence and associated laterite cappings are usually recognised. by their negligible to gentle slope (0--15°), light tone of laterites both as altered product of hard rock as well sparse to thin vegetation occurring usually at higher as colluvium is a usual feature in the western and north­ altitudes and spatial extension across fracture. This western parts. Forest coverage in the district accounts area was uplifted alongwith a major part of the Eastern for 42.1 per cent of its total geographical area. It Ghats in post Mid-Miocene period (Prudhvi Raju and includes southern dry mixed deciduous forests in 'the north-western hilly area and tropical dry evergreen Vaidyanadhan. 1978). forests in the coastal area. The district is drained by Siteru, Machkund and On the basis of the micro level diversities in the ph· Pata! rivers on the northen side and by Sarda, Pedda ysio-geographical factors in the district there have been Eru and Varaha rivers in the coastal area. According carved out 5 sub-micro regions as described below to a geomorphological study on Chintapalle area of the distirct (Prudhvi Raju and Vaidyanadhan, 1978), the 4.3.7.1 Machkund-Patal Riverine Tract headward erosion is most important along the streams The region spreads over the north-western part of that flow along the ENE-WSW fracture. In general, the district and is gently sloping towards the north. It major part of the district is under Lower Pre-Cambrian covers the parts of Paderu. Chintapalle and Araku rocks although the formations of the Recent and Plesisto. taluks. It is drained by Machkund. Patal and other eene periods are also visible along the coast. More rivers/streams. Along the river sides land is cultivable specifically, the major rock types around Vishakha- and rest part is having undulating surface with small 626 hills, knolls and forest coverage. Its geology is Lower eastern part. It includes 444 villages and 3 towns with Pre-Cambrian throughout the region and soils are Ustalfs. a total area of 2 4~8.00 km2 which is inhabited by Ochrepts in the extreme north and Orthents-Tropepts­ 563 822 persons of which 508 950 reside in rural and r~ck Outcrops in all the rest part of the region. It is 54 872 in urban iireas. Its density of population is 227 2 (~ .. rely rural including 2139 villages with an area of persons per km • 213 .00 km2 and is inhabited by 290 435 persons. Its 2 (I sity of population is 124 persons per km • 4.3.7.4 YellamanchiIi-Nakkapalle Coastal Plain

4.3.7.2 ChintapalJe-Peddakota Forested Regiou As a strip along the Bay of Bengal this region extends over YellaOlanchili taluk and the parts of Nakkapalle Tbe region is comprised of the parts of Chinta­ and Anakapalle taluks. Sloping towards the Bay of palle. Paderu. Araku and K. Kotapadu taluks of Bengal it is drained by Tandavan, Vardha. Gokivada Vishakhapatnam district and the part of Srungvara­ and Sarada rivers and other streams. Its geolo!!y pukota taluk 0 f Vizianagaram district. It has relates to the Recent and Lower Pre-Cambrian forma­ the most rugged surface with hills, knobs having tions. Soils are Psamments. The area is fertile for varying slopes and is covered with forests. In this agriculture showing even distribution of settlements. area the lateritic cappings occur at altitudes of 1065- It includes 153 Villages and 2 towns with a total area of 1220 metres above mean sea level and are as the layer 85100 km2 and is inhabited by 316013 persons of of weathered product. Some investigations have indi­ which 281 134 reSide in rural and '4 1S79 in urban areas. 2 cated that extensive reserves of bauxites of different Its density of population is 371 persons per km • categories ranging to millions of tons are found here. Its geologv belongs to Lower Pre-Cambrian period and soils are Orthents-Tropepts-Rock outcrops throughout 4.3.7.5 Vishakhapatnam-Anakapalle Coastal Plain the region excepting for a little patch of .R ock outcrops­ Udalfs-Ustalfs in the extreme west. The region has In the eastern part of the district this region Jies 1254villags and one town with a total area of 3 872.00 beside the Bay of Bengal and covers Sabbvaram. Visha­ km2 inhabited by 161 611 persons where 156 829 are in khapatnam and Bheemunipatnam taluks and the parts rural and 4782 are in urban area. The region has a of Anakapalle and K.Kotanadu ta1uks. Its slope is 2 density of 42 persons per km • towards the Bay of Bengal. With specific soil sub-order association of Psamments its geology belongs to Lower 4.3.7.3 Narsapatnam-Chodavaram Plain Pre-Cambrian and Pleistocene periods. Piedmont fans are remarkable feature near Vishakhapatnam city which This region extends over Narsapatnam. Kotauratla are formed of detritus of debris brought down by and the parts of Madugula, Chodavaram. Nakkapal1e. streams. Colluvium with a thickness of 0.6-6 metres ChintapalJe. K.Kotapadu and Anakapalle taluks. It is and material composition of silt-gravel-sand is common i,mostly cultivated land with some patches of forests and in all the rest part. Showing an even distribution of rugged topography and is drained by Sarada river and settlements the region consists of 308 villages and 4 other streams. Geologically. the region shows wides­ towns with a ttJral area of 1 601.00 km2• It is inhabi­ pread Lower Pre-Cambrian rocks alongwith a few little ted by 1 244848 persons of which 533 420 reside in patches of Pleistocene formations in the extreme east. rural and 711 428 in urban areas. It is densely popu­ Soils are Ustalfs. Settlements are more dense in the lated area with a density of 778 persons per km2 •

. ------K.N Prudhvi Ralu and R. Vai dyanadhan 1078; Geomorphology of Vishakhapatnam -'ndhra Prad~sh' Joun'al of the Oeololical Survey of India. vol.t9, No.1 Jan. 1978. pP.21i-34. " Photo- leomorpllic Peatures in Cnin apalle Atea over Eastern Ghats in Andhra Pradesh; Journal of the GeoloBical Society of Jndia, Vol H No. 11, NOV,1918, pp.'I,.. 5,S,

327

CENSUS OF INDIA MAP 39

ANDH RA PRADESH VISHAKHAPATNAM DISTRICT CENSUS CODE OJ REGIONAL DIVISIONS

, P A D r -9 I C r

o

()

4 R

/

'.Its - PART OF VISHAKHAPATNAM DISTRICT INCLl.OED IN V1ZIANAGARAM DlS1lIICT VIZ - PART a: VIZIANAGAAAM DISTRICT INCLUDED IN VISHAKHAPATNAM DISTRICT

SOILS GEOLOGY ~. BOONDARY, STATE BOI..f()ARY, DISTRICT 8OUNDARY, TAWK VILLAGf HAVIt-K'; 5000 AND ABOVE POPUlATrOO

URBAN AREA RAILWAYLINE WI TH STATION, BROAO GAOOE NATIONAL HIGHWAY

STATE HlGtlWAV OTHER IMPORTANT ROADS RIVER 4 . 3 MACHKUN:l -PATAl RIVERINE TRACT REGIONAL DIVISION 4 , 3 . 7 . 2 CHNTAPAllE -PEODAKOTA R:>RESTEO REGION MAcRO _ _ "'£50 ____ _ 4 ' 3 . 1 . 3 NARASAPATN.AM·CHODAVAAA~ PLAIN "'(00 ___ _

4 . 3 7.4 VElLAMANCHIU-NAI

~101 ROCK OUTC ROPS- UDALF5-USIAlFS II PLEISTQCENE (2)

329

DATA ON REGION4L nmsroNS

DIstrict : Vlsblkhapatnam CeDlOS location Code No. 03 State : A.llhrara.e.h

DIstrict Region N0.1 No. of villages No. of towns Area .in Jcm2 in "Sion Population in region Name in each region in regionl -----~-- (1981) as evolved Name T R U ---_------T R U

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Yishakha 4.~.7.1 2 13 9 villages No town 2350.00 2350.00 - 290435 290435 patnam Machkund· (16 in Chintapalle Patal Riverine 1646 in Paderu Tract and 477 in Araku talukl)

4.3.7.2 1254 villages 1 town 3872.00 3 868.70 3.30 1.61 611 156 829 4782 Chintapalle (434 in ChintapaIle, 1. Upper SHeru Peddakota 405 in Paderu, Project Forested 410 in Araku Site Camp Region (L.C. Nos. 1,3 and 132 are located in Gajapathi. nagaram talnk of Vizianagaram district), 3 in Srungavarapukota of Yizianagaram district and 2 in K. Kotapadu taluks)

4.3.1.3 444 villages 3 towns 2488.00 2445.50 42.50 563 822 508 ,SO 14 111 Narasapatnam- (lOin Chint.palle I. Chodavaram Chodavaram 88 in Narasa- 2. Madugula Plain patnam 84 in 3. Narasapatnam Kotauratla 97 in Chodavaram 68 In Madugula 9 in Anaka· palle 86 in K. Kotapadu and 2 in Nakkapalle taluks)

531 2 3 s 6 1 8 JO

4.3.7.4 153 villages 2 towns 851.00 838.00 13.00 316013 2U 134 94.,9 YelJamanchili-(84 in Yellamanchili, J. Payakayaraopeta , Nakkapalle 5 in Anaka- 2. Yellamanchili Coastal Plain palle and 64 in Nakkapalle taluks)

4.3.7.5 :;08 villages 4 towns. 1 600.00.1 462.00138.001 244 848 533 .20 711 .n Vishakhapat- (82 in Bheemuni- J. Anakapalle nam- patnam, 81 in 2. Visakha­ Anakapalle Vishakhapatnam, patnam Coastal Plain 74 in Sabba- 3. Bheemuni~ varam, 68 in patnam Anakapalle and 4. Gopalapatnam 3 in K. Kothapadu talukl)

Note : The area and population totals of the district do not tally since some of the villages of Vi, takbapatnam district ~ located in Vizianagaram district and vice versa.

332 REGION-WISE VILLAGE CODES, 1981

District: Visbakhapatnam Census Location Code No. 03 State: Andhra Pradesh

Sl. Division Taluk Location Code Total No. of Area of Remarks No. Number &. No. of Census villages in Regional Name villages 1981 -_ ---- Division Taluk Division in km2

. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1. 04.3.7.1 Chintapalle 23 to 29, 68 to 74, 16 Code No. 30 to 67, 75, 76, 78 to Machkund- taluk 77. 119 li8 are in region 4.3.7.2 Patal Riverine Tract Paderu taluk 1 to 1009, 1011, 1013, 1646 Code No. 1010, 1012,1014, 1016, 1015, 1018 to 1045, 1017, 1046 to 1056, 1057, 1064 to 1072 1058 to 063, 1073 to 1087 to 1648, 1650 1086, 1649 are in rellioo to 1683 4.3.7.2 Araku taluk 334 to 593, 617 to 477 2 139 2 350.00 Code No. 594 to 616, 638 to 655, 637,656 to 681,702 682 to 701, 732 to 745, to 731, 746 to 778, 779, 812 to 815, 838 arc 780 to 811, 816 to in region 4.3.7.2 837, 839 to 891

2. 04.9.7.2 Chintapalle I to 22, 30 to 67, 75 434 Code No. 23 to 29, 68 to 74, 77, Chintapalle- taluk 76, 78 to I J 8, 120 to 119 are in region 4.3.7.1 Peddakota 0447, 452 453, 454 and Code No. 448 to Forested Reiioa 451 are in region 4.3.7.3 Code No. 3 is merged in Upper Sileru Project Site Camp. Paderu taluk tOIO, 1012, 1014, 1016, 405 Code No. IOU, 1013, lOIS, JOi8 1017, 1046 to 1056, to 1045, 1057, 1064 to 1058 to 1063, 1073 to 1072, 1087 to 1648, 1086, 1649, 1684 to 1650 to 1683 are in 2051 region 4.3.7.1 Araku taluk 2, 4 to 131, 133 to 236, 0410 L.C. Nos. I, 3 238 to 333, 594 to 616, and 132 are located in 638 to 655, 682 to 701, Gajapathinagaram taluJc 732 to 745,779, 812 of Vizianagaram District. to 815, 838 Code No. 231 is included in Scung­ varaoukota taluk of Vjzi­ anagaram district. Code No. 334 to 593, 617 to 637. 656 to 681, 702 to 731. 746 to 778, 780 to 811, 816 to 837 are in region 4.3.7.1

Sruntavara- 14, 1 S, l' 3 Code No. 14, 15, 16 are located pukota tatuk in Araku taluk of Vizianap- ram District

~ Kotapa4u J,2 Z 1 %54 • 872.00 taJut 1. Code No. 452 to 4S4 are in [elio. t. Chintapall. "048, 449, 4S0• .&sl, ".S.f.' 455 to 460 4.3.7.2 ,...0."",.-aruapatIWD- talull -"~- I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

NarasapatllaDl 1 to s..s 88 Code No. S4 is merged in Nar~. taluk patnam town. Kotauratla 1 to 84 84 taluk Ch

Madugul.a 1 to 68 68 Code No. 6 is~ included in 'Jadugula taluk tOwn. Anakapalle 16 to 24 , taluk K. Kotapadu 3 to 88 86 taluk Nakkapalle 18,20 2 444 2 48S.0!) Code No. 19 is in region 4.3.7.4 taluk

4. 4.3.7.4 Yellamanchili 1 to 84 84 Code No. 43 is merged in Yella· YellamanchHi- tmuk roaDl:hili town. NilkkapaUe Coastal: Plain Anakapalle 78 to 82 S talut Nakkapalle 1 to 17, 19,21 to 66 64 153 8S1.00 Code No. 18, 10 are in region taluk 4.3.7.3. Code No' '3 is mergod in NaUapaIle towo.

5. 4.3.7.5 :9hecmuni· 1 to 23, 2S to 83 ,2 Code No. 24 is deleted from this Visbakhapatnam. patnam taluk. Code No. 72, 78 to Anakapalle 8t is included in Bheem Coastal Plain unipalnam town. Visbkahapat- 1 to 81 81 Code No. H to 46, 60 to :'>4, 65 to nam tal uk 68 are merged in Visha- lhapatnam, 47, 48 io Gopalapatnam 'owns and< 32 and48 arc parlly included iD Vishakh .. patnam and GopaJa- ptanam toWDI respect.. voly. Sabbavaram 1 to 74 74 talut Anakapalle I to 1 S, 2S to 77 63 Code No. '6 to 24 are in regioA taluk 4.3.7.3. Code No. 3Z. 16 are included in "nab- palle town.

K. Kotapadu 89, 90, 91 3 308 1 600.00 taluk

394 District: Vishakb,apatnam. CenSDs Location Code No. 03 State: Andhr. Pradesh - S'tate Oistrict Division Name of Geology Soils Physio-cultural Characteristics Number &: Administrative Name Division

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

~Andhra. Vishakha- 4.3.7.1 Paderu, Chinta­ Lower Pre - Ustalfs- Having an average height of 100 Pradesh patnam Machkund­ palle and Cambrian Ochrepts mtrs above mean sea level. it gently PataJ Riverine Araku taluks aod Orthents-slopes towards the north. It is drai­ Tract Tropepts-- ned by Machkund, Patal and other Rock outcrops streams showing cultivable land along sides. Rest part is characterised by ul1dulating surface with small hills, knobs and forest coverage. Settle­ ments are sparse although almost even. The development of roads and railways is not latisfactory.

4.3.7.2 Chintapalle, Lower Pre- O,thents- The region has an average height Chintapalle­ Paderu, Araku, Cambrian Tropepts- of 1000 mtrs. Topographically. it is Peddakota K. Kothapadu, Rock outcrops the most rugged with so many Forested and Srungavara- and Rock- hills, knobs, steep slopes etc. and Region pukota 1aluk of outcrops- is clad with forest cover (dense Vizianagaram Udalfs- mixed with bomboo) except a few district Usta/f8 patches of cultivated land. Settle­ ments are very sparse and random.

4.3.7.3 Narasapatnam, Lower Pre- Ustalfs It is a plain between an average Narasapatnam - Madugula. Cambrian height of 100 and 200 mtrs. and is Chodavaram Kotauratla. and Pleis- drained by the upper <:ourse of Plain NakkapaIle, tocene Varahanala. Surpanala. Pcddaeru and ChintapaIle, Sarda rivers. It is mostly cultivated Anakapalle. excepting a few significant patches Chodavaram of forests with rugged topography. and K. Kotha­ Settlements are more dense in tho padu taluks eastern part. Narsapatnalll, M.ada· aula and chodavaram are the urbaQ centres of this region.

4.3.7.4 AnakapaUe. Lower Pre - Psamnu1ltl With an average height below Yellamanchili­ NakkapaIle, Cambrian 100 mtrs. and a south-east ward AnakapaUe Yel1amanchili and Recent slope it is drained by Tandavao Coastal Plain taluks Varaha, Gokivada and Satda rivers and some pondsjtanks. With a rare

935 3 , s ,

ptesellCC of knobs, forest patchet, coastal sands, salt pans, etc., it is It "' cultivated area showing an eYeD dis-. tribution of settlements. The net work of roads and rail ways Is lood

4.!.7.S AnakapaIle, Lower Pre- PsamtMIfI8 With an averqe heiaht uDto 200 Vishakhapatnant-Sabbavaram, Cambrian and mtn. and a slope towards the south­ Anakapalle Vishakhapatnam, Pleistocene east it is characterised by scattered Coastal Plain Bheemunipatnam hillocks, forest patches with densc, .... K. Kothapadu scrubs, seasonal ponds. marshes, salt tRIuks pans, eoaatal sands and a dense coveraac of vcaetation. Settlement. are evenlY dispersed. The transpo­ rtation facilities are lood. APPENDIX

SHOWING ADMINISTRATIVE CONSTITUENTS BY DISTIRCr WITH REFERNECE TO THE SUB·MICRO REGIONS IN ANDHRA PRADESH AND OTHER STATES. NAMELY. TAMIL NADU. KARNAT AKA. ORISSA, MADHYA PRADESH. MAHARASHTRA AND THE UNION IERRITORY OF PONDICHERRY

Macro Region Meso Region with State Micro Region with District Sub-Micro Region with with Code No. Code No. & Name Code No, & Name Code No, & Name Name &

1 2 3 4 6

COASTAL PLAIN (EAST)

4. The Coastal 4.3 Eastern Coastal Tamil Nadu 4.3.l Kanniyakumari Kanniyakumari 4.3.1.3 Kanniyakumari Plains d: Region Coastal Plain Islands

4.3.2 Sandy Littoral Tirunelveli 4.3.2.4 Tirunelveli Coastal Plain

Ramanatha· 4.3.2.4 Sandy Coastal Plain puram

4.3.3 Coromandal Madras 4.3.3.1 Madras Coastal Plain Coast

Pondicherry Pondicherry 4.3.3.1 Ozbukasai.Pondicherry. Ariankuppam Coastal Plain

Kuaikal 4.3.3.1 Nedunpdu·Tirunallar Plain (Coastal Plain)

Karaital 4.3.3.2 Kattucherry.Karaikal- T.R. Pattinam Coastal Plain

Tamil Nadu Thanjavur 4.3.3.2 Kollidam.Cauver,v Delta·

Chengalpattu 4.3.3.3 Chengalpattu Coastal Plain

Pudukkottai 4.3.3.4 Pudukottai Coastal Plain

Thanjavur 4.3.3.4 Thanjavur Coastal Plain

Thanjavur 4.3.3.5 Yedaranniyam Swamp

South Areot 4.3.3,5 South Arcot Coastal Plain

339 2 3 4 S

Andhra 4.3.4 Southern Andhra NeUore 4.3.4.4 Kovur-Allur Coastal, Pradesb Coastal Plain PlaiM t,

J>rakasam 4.3.4.4 Ongole-Chitala Coastal Plain

Nellore 4.3.4.5 Nellore-SuUurupet Coastal Plain-

4.3.5 Krishna Delta Krishna 4.3.5.6 Kaikalur-Machilipa. tnam Coastal Plain

Krishna 4.3.5.7 Krishna Pelta.

Guntut 4,3.5.7 Bapatla.Repalle Coastal Plaiu

Pondicherry 4.3.6 Godavari Delta ¥analll 4.3.6.1 Yanam Municipal Area

Andhra West Godavari 4.3.6.4 Godavari De1tu Pradesh

East Godavari 4.3.6.4 Tuni-Kakinada Coas. tal Plain

East Godavari 4.1.6.5 Godavari Delta.

4.3.7 Northern Andhra Vishakhapatnam 4.3.7.4 Yellamanchili-Nakka. Coastal Plain palle Coastal Plain

Srikakulam 4.3.7.4 Sompeta-Ichcbapuram Coastal Plain

Srikakulam 4.3.7.5 Tekkali-Palasa Coastal Plain

Vizianagarant 4.3.7.5 Vizianagaram - Bhoga- puram Coastal Plain

Srikakulam 4.3.7.6 Srikakulam Plain

PLAIN

3. . The Deccan 3.9 l{arnataka Karnataka 3.9.1 Northern Bidar 3.9.1.1 Manja-Karat1ja Basin Plateau Plateau Karnataka Plateau

3.11 Andhra Andhra 3.11.1 Godavari Karimna~af ~,11.1.2 Dharmapur-Baadapalli. Plateau Pradesh Depressioll Manthani plain

340 2 3 4 5 6

Waranga! 3.11.1. 2 Parkal Plain

Karimnagar 3. U. f.l Metpalli-Jagtial Plain

Karimnagar 3.11.1.5 Karimnagar-Pedda. paUe Plain

Khammam 3.\1.1.6 Khammam-Madhira- Kalluru· Kothagudem Plain

Klirimnagar 3.11.\,7 Huzurabad Plain

3.11,2 Telangana Medak 3.11.2.1 Narayankhed-Andole Plateau l'lain

Nizamabad 3.11.2.1 Bhimgal Plain

Medak 3.11.2.2 Zahirabad Plain

Nizamabad 3.11.2.2 Kamareddi·Dom.. konda Plain

Rangareddy 3.1\.2.3 Musi-Musa VelleY

Mahbubnagar 3.11.2.4 Shadnagar-Badepalle<> Achampet Region

Nizamabad 3.\1.2.4 Madnur Plain

Nizamabad 3.11.2.5 Banswada·Bodhan Tract

Medak 3.11.2.5 Ramayarnpet-Gajwel· Siddipet Plain

Nizamabad 3. t 1.2.6 Nizamabad-Armur Plain

3.11.4 Rayalaseerna Chittoor 3.11.4.3 Swarnamukhi-Kalangl Plain

3.12.2.7 Nagavali or Langulya 3.l2. Orissa Orissa 3.12.2 Southern Oriss'l Koraput Basin Hiahlands Highlands (Orissa Dandakaranya)

Koraput 3.12.2.8 Vamsadhara Basin

4.3.4.2 Gundlakamma Plain Andhr. 4.3.4 Southern Andhra Prakasam 4. ~·e

Prakasam 4.3.4.3 Darsi-Addanki Plain

Prakasam 4.3.4.5 Kandukur Plain J

Prakasam 4J.4.6 Padili-Kanigiri Plain

Nellore 4.3.4.7 Venkatagiri-Gudur Plain

4.3.S Krilhna Delta Krishna 4.3.5.3 Tiruvur Plain

Krishna 4.1.5.4 Nuzvid Region

Guntur 4.3.5.4 Vinukonda-Rompi. cherla Plain

Krishna 4,).5.5 Mylavaram-Vijaya- wada-Gudivada Plain

4.3.6 Godavari Delta West Godavari 4.3.6.2 Chintalapudi-Kanna- puram Region

4.3.7 Northern Andhra Srikakulam 4.3.7.2 Langulya-Yamsadhara Coastal Plain Plain

Vizianagaram 4.3.7.2 Suvarnamukhi-Yega- vati Plain

Vishakhapatnam 4.3.7.3 Narsapatnam-Choda- varam Plain

Vizianagaram 4.3.7.4 CheepurupaUe-Gaja- pathinagaram-Yiyyam- peta Region

GODAVARI BASIN@

3. The Deccan 3.6 Southern Madhya 3.6.3 Madhya Pradesh Bastar 3.6.3,7 Godavari Basin Plateau Madhya Pradesh Pradesh Dandakaranya Uplands

3.7 Northern Maharashtra 3.7.1 Tapti-Purna Buldana 3.7.1.6 Purna Yalley (South) Maharashtra Valley

3.7.2 Wardha-Penganga- Chandrapur 3.7.2.11 Godavari Basin Wainganga Plain

-@River Godavari flO\\-s through a gorge for a distance of about 48 kms in between village Kalthunuru (L.C. No. 341, R.egion No. 3.11. . .4) in Khammam district and village A. Veeravaram (L.C. No. 186. Region 4.3.6.1) in East Godavari district where the basin is narrowed down at the !lub-micro level due to high ranges and forested hills of the Eastera-Ghata. .'

342 - 2 3 .. 5 6 f,~) -- ,-_.- -_.-.' ...

3.8 Maharashtra MaharaJhtra 3.8.1 Ealtern Plateau Parbhani ~.8.1.l Dudhana Balin Plattau

Parbhani 3.8.1.2 Puroa Basin (South)

Parbhaoi 3.8.1.3 Puroa Valley (South)

Aurangabad 3.8.1.3 Purna Valley (South)

Bid 3.8.1.4 Sindphana Basin

Sid 3.8.1.5 Godavari BasH~

Nanded 3.8.1.5 Godavari Basin

Aurangabad 3.8.1.6 Dudhana Basin

Parbhani 3.8.1.6 Godavari Basin

Aurangabad 3.8.1.7 Godavari Basin

Nanded 3.8.1.7 Siddha Valley

3.8.2 Western Plateau Ahmadnagar 3.S.2.1 Pravara-Mula Basin with Protruded Hills

Abmadnagar 3.8.2.4 Godavari Basin

Nashik 3.8.2.4 Godavari Basin

3.11 Andhra Plateau Andhra 3.11.1 Godavari Khammam 3.11.1.2 Godavari :Basin Pradesh Depression

Warangal 3.11.1.S Godavari Basin

Karimnagar '.11.1.8 Godavari Basin

3.11.2 Telangana Nizamabad 3.11.2.7 Godavari Basin Plateau

Adilabad 3.11.2.8 Godavari Basiu

4. The Coastal 4.3 Eastern Coastal Pondicherry 4.l.6 Godavari Delta Yanam 4.3.6.1 Yanam Municipal Plains ~ Region Area- Islands

Andhra East Godavari 4.3.6.3 R.ajahmundry-Prathi- Pradeih padu Plain

343 - --_. - <-~ -..- ~----~

1 2 3 4 ! ~

West Godavari 04.3.6.1 Eluru-Kovvur Plain j' West Godavari 4.1.6.4 Godavari Delta-

Sast Godavari 4.3.6.5 Godavari Delta-

KRISHNA VALLEY

3. The Deccan 3.8 Maharashtra Maharasbtra 3.8.l Eastern Plateau Sanali 3.8.1.2 Krishna Verla Basin Plateau Plateau Kolhapur 3.8.1.2 Krishna Basin

3.8.2 Western Plateau Satara 3.8.2.2 Koyna Valley with protIuded Hills

Satara 3.8.2.3 Krishna Catchment

Satara 3.8.2.6 Yerla Basin

3.9 Kamataka Karnataka 3.9.1 Northern Karna. Belgaum 3.9.1.2 Krishna-Ghatprabha Plateau tata Plateau Irrigated Tract

Bijapur 3.9.1.3 Upper Krishna Valley

Bijapur 3.9.1.4 GhatprabhaIrrigated Tract

Belgaum i.9.-I.4 MaJprabha Basin

Gulbarga 3.9.1.6 Middle Krishna Valley

3.9. %Central Kama.. Raichur 3.9.2.1 Middle Krishna Valley taka Plateau t! 3.11 Andbra Andhra 3.11.2 Telangana Mabbubnagat' 3.11.2.2 Mahbubnagar-Wana.. Plateau Pradesh Plateau parthi-Makthal Region

Mabbubnapr 3.11.2.3 Krishna-Tunsabhadra Interfluve

Mabbubnagar 3.11.2.6 Kollapur Region

Mahbubnagar 3.11.2.7 Kollapur-Amrabad Forested Region

3.1l.3 Krishna Nalgonda 3.11.3.S Krishna-Dindi Forested Piedmont Plain Tract

3.11.4 lta)'81ascemA I'urnool 3.1I.4.S Kurnool.Nandikotkur Plain

144 2 3 4 6

The Coastal 4.3 Eastern Coastal 4,3.5 Krishna Delta Guntur 4.3.5.1 Macharla-Gurazala Plains Region " Islands Region

Krishna 4.3.5.1 J.ggayyapet- Nandi­ gama Plain

Guntur 4.3.5.3 Bollapalle-Venkat.ya­ paJem Forested Region

Guntur 4.3.5.5 Sattenapalle Plain

Guntur 4.3.5.6 Narasaraopet-Guntur­ Tenali Plain

Krishna 4.3.5.7 Krishna Delta.

TUNGABHADRA VALLEY

!. The Deccan S.' Karnataka l{arnat6ka 3.9.2 Central Bellary 3.9.2.1 Middle Tungabhadra Plateau Plateau Kamataka Valley Plateau

Chitradurga 3.9.2.1 Middle Tungabhadra Valley

Raichur 3.9.2.2 Middle Tungabhadra Valley

Bellary 3.9.2.2 Lower Vedavati (Hagar i) Basin

Shimoga 3.9.2.2 Upper Tungabhadra Valley

Dharwad 3.9.2.3 Varada Basin

ChikmagaJur 3.9.2.3 Upper Vedavati Basin

Chitradurga 3.9.2.4 Middle Vedavati (Hagari) Basin

Bellary ~.9.2.5 Chikka Hagari Valley

Dbarwad 3.9.2.5 Middle Tungabhadra Valley

Chitradurga 3.9.2.6 Upper Vedavati (Hapti) Basin

345 2 4 , ____ 6 ______. -- _.------. _.. _ ------

~.11 Ana Plateau Andhra 3.11.2 Telangana Mahbubnagar 3.11-.2;3 Krishna-TuDaabbal1ra Pradesh Plateau Interfluve

I 3.11.4 Rayalaseema Anantapur 3.11.4.1 Upper Vedavati PlUin

Kurnool 3.11.4.2 Tungabhadra.Hindri Region

PENNER BASINS

3.9 Karnataka Karnataka 3.9.3 Southern Kolar 3.9.3.1 Upper Penner Basin Plateau Karnataka Plateau

Tumkur 3.9.3.2 Suvarnamukhi Basin

Twnkur 3.9.3.4 Upper Penner Basin

3.11 Andhra Andhra 3.11.4 Rayalaseema Cuddapab 3.11.4.1 Penner River Basin Plateau Pradesh

Cuddapah 3.11.4.3 Sagileru River Valley

Anantapur 3.11.4.4 Penner River Upper Basin

Anantapur 3.11.4.5 Penner River Middle Basin

Cuddapah 3.11.4.S Cheyyeru-Pulong-Pata gUDjana Region (Plain

Kurnool 3.11.4.6 Nandyal-Banganapalle- AlIagadda R;:gion

Anantapur 3.11.4.6 Anantapur-Dharma- varam Region

4. The Coastal 4.3 Eastern Andhra 4.3.4 Southern Nellore 4.3.4.2 U dayagiri·Atmakur ..- Plains & CoaMa1 Pradesh Andhra Region Islands Region Coastal Plain

Nellore 4.3.4.3 Sangam-Kavali Plain

Nellore 4.3.4.4 Kovur-Allur Coastal Plain*

Nellore 4.3.4.5 Nellore-Sullurupet Coastal Plam*

Nellore 4.3.4.6 Rapur-Podalakur Plain

$ Intercepted by Eastern Ghats P(Dner Valley is narrev.,d dev.n fer a distance of ateut S3 ires in betv.een village Jyothi (L.C. 43, region No. 3.11.4.1) in Cuddapah district and. vilJa[e I<~lJUIU (Le.t, rcgieD 1\0. 4,3',4.6) in Nellore district. Therefore, the delimitation of Pennel Valley at sub'IrInO Ind 15 r.ct cere fcr Itne 1"0 dlstncts, viz., Cuddarab and Nellore.

346 1 2 3 4 s 6

UPLAND/PLATEAU

3. The Deccan 3.6 Southern Madhya 3.6.3 Madhya Pradesh Bastar 3.6.3.3 Indravati Plateau Plateau Madhya Pradesh Pradesh Dandakaranya Uplands Bastar 3.6.3.5 Bijapur Upland

Bastar 3.6.3.9 GoUapalli Plateau

Bastar 3.6.3.10 Dantewara Plateau

3. "I Northern Maharashtra 3.7.1 Tapti-Puma Buldana 3.7.1.5 Chikhli Plateau Maharashtra Valley Akola 3.7.1.5 Washim Plateau

3.7.2 Wardha-Pen­ Chandrapur 3.7.2.2 Rajura Upland ganga- Wain­ ganga Plain Yavatmal 3.7.2.3 Yavatmal Plateau

Yavatmal 3.7.2,4 Darwha Plateau

Chandrapur 3.7.2.4 Chandrapur Upland

Chandrapur 3.7.2.6 Gadchiroli Upland

Nagpur 3.7.2.6 Umred Upland

Chandrapur :a.7.2.8 Sirouncha Plateau

Bhandara 3.7.2.9 Nishti Plateau

3.8 Uabarashtra Mabarashtra 3.8.1 Eastern Bid 3.8.1.2 Ashti Plateau Plateau Plateau Osmanabad 3,8.1.2 Bhum Plateau

Osmanabad 3,8.1.3 Osmanabad Plateau

Osmanabad 3.8.1.4 Umarga Plateau

Parbhani 3.8.1.4 Hingoli Plateau

Nanded 3.8.1,4 Bhokar Plateau

Solapur 3,8.1.7 Barshi Plateau

Solapur 3.8.1.8 Akkalkot Plateau

347 6 1 2 S 4 5

3.8.2 Westen Plateau Ahmadnagar 3.8.2.10 Jamkhed Plateau with Protruded HIlls I

3.9 Karnataka Karnataka 3.9.1 Northern Gulbarga 3,9.1.1 Aland-Chincholi Tract Plateau Karnataka of Trappean Outcrops Plateau

Bidar 3.9.1.2 Hamnabad Kamthana Lateritic Tract

Gulbarga 3.9.1.3 Gurmatkal Scrubby Upland

3.9.3 Southern Tumkut 3.9.3.1 Pavaaada Uplands KarflataU Plateau

Bangalore 3.9.3.1 Bangalore Plateau

Kolar 3.9.3,2 Gudibanda-Bagepalli Highlands

Kolar 3,9.3.3 Sidlaghatta·Srinivaspur Uplands

Kolar 3,9.3.4 Kolar-Bangarapct rugged Tract

~.10 Tamil Nadu Tamil N'adu 3.10.2 Tamil Nadtt Dharmapuri 3.10.2,1 Hosur Plateau Uplands Uplands

3,11 Andhra Andhra 3.11.1 Godavari Karimnagar 3.11.1.1 TadcbarIa· Singaram Plateau Pradesh Depression Forested Region

Warangal 3.11,1.1 Jangaon-Warangal- Narsampet-Mahbubaba~'\ Region

Khammam 3,11.1,1 Nugur-Cberla Forested Upland

Khammam 3.11.1.3 Narakonda-Tatilanka. Bandarugudem Fores- ted RegioD

Warangal 3.11.1,3 Mulug-Chintagudem- Gudur Forested Region

Karimnagar 3,11,1.4 Sirsilla Upland

Watangal 3.11.1.4 Nagaram-ManBapet Forested Region

348 6 1 2 3 4 5

Khammam 3.11.1.5 Kannegiri-Pengadapa. Damarcherla Forested Region

Karimnagar 3.11.1.6 Husnabad Upland

Khammam 3.11.1. 7 Mahbubabad-Gundala- Chimalpad Forsted Region

khaIIlmam 3.11.1.8 Damartogu-Bhoorgam- pad Forested Region

3.11.l telangana. Mahbubnagar 3.11.2.1 Kodangal-Koitkonda Plateau Upland

Rangareddy 3.11.2.1 Tandur-Pargi Forested Region

Hyderabad 3.11.2.1 West-South Hyderaba Urban Area

Adilabad 3.11.2.1 Adilabad ..Penganga Region

Rangareddy 3.11. 2.2 MarpalIy-Vicarabad Upland

Hyderabad 3.11.2.2 Hyderabad Municipal Corporation

Medak 3.11.2.3 Sangareddi-Patancheru. Hatnur Region

Nizamabad 3.11.2.3 Yellareddi Woodland

Adilabad 3. \1.2.4 Bhainsa-Nirmal Plateau

Medak 3.11.2.4 Medak-Narsapur Fore- sted Region

Rangareddy 3.11.2.4 Medchal-Hayathnagar Region

Mahbubnagar '.11.2.5 Mudhivenu.Chara- konda Upland

Rangareddy 3,11.2.5 Maisaram-Ibrahimpat- Dam Region

Adilabad 3.11.2.5 Dhanora-Rali Forested Upland

Adilabad ~,ll.2.6 Asifabad-Sirpur-Tandur Forested Region

349 2 3 4 S 6

Adilabad 3.11.2.7 Mandamari-Yamanpalli Region

3.11.3 Krishna Nalgonda 3.1 1.3.1 Bhongir-Ramanna pet PIedmont Plain Plateau

Nalgonda 3.11.3.2 Devarakonda Plateau

Nalgonda 3.11.3.3 Nalgonda-Miryalguda Plateau

Nalgonda 3.11.3.4 Suryapet-Huzurnagar Plateau

3.11.4 Rayalaseema Chittoor 3.11.4.1 Peddaeru.Bahuda- Punehu Region

Kurnool 3.11.4.1 Alur Plateau

Anantapur 3.11.4.2 Kalyandurg Upland

Anantapur 3.11.4.3 Madakasira Upl.nd

Kurnool 3.11.4.3 Adoni-Dhone Plateau

Chittoor 3.11,4.5 Chittoor Upland

Chittoor 3.11.4.6 Ayir~la-Puddur Fores- ted Region (Mahendra. giri Forested Region)

ChUtoor 3.11.4.7 Punganur-Kuppam Upland

Cuddapah 3.11.4.7 Papagni_Mandavi·Bahu. da Region/Upland Anantapur 3.11.4.7 Penukonda-Kadiri Forested Upland

4,- The Coastal 4.3 Eastern Coastal Tamil Nadu 4.3.3 Coromandal Chengalpattu 4.\3.1 Tiruttani Upland Plains &: Region Coast Islands

Andhra 4.3,5 Krsslula Delta Krishna 4. ~. 5.2 Kendapalle-Jamalapur. Pradesh Kotturu Forested Upland

4.3.6 Godavari Delta East 4.3.6,2 Yellavaram-Annavaram Godavari Forested Upland

4.3.7 Northern Andhra Srikakulam 4.3.7.1 Batnakonda-Kadaaandi Coastal Plain Forested Re&ion

3SO I a 3 4 S (i

Vishakhapatnam 4.3.7.1 Machkund.Patal Rive- rine Tract

Vizianagaram 4.3.7.1 Kurupam Forested Upland

Vishakhapatnam 4.3.7.2 Chintapalle-Peddakota Forested Region

Srikakulam 4.3.7.3 Pathapatnam-Banapu. ram-Mandasa Forested Region

Vizianagaram 4.3.7.3 Western Forested Tract

EASTERN GHATS/HILLS

3.1.1 Eastern Plateau Nanded 3.8.1.2 Satmala Hills 3, The Deccan 3.8 Maharaihtra Maharashtra Plateau Plateau N.nded 3.8,1.3 Nirmal Hills

3.10 Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu 3,10.2 Tamil Nadu North Arcot 3.10.2.1 Amburdurg-Ammur Uplands Uplands Forested Hills

Dharmapuri 3,10.2.2 Krishnagiri Forested Hills

Salem 3,' 0.2,2 Shevaroy-Kalrayan Forested Hills

North Areet 3.tO.2.3 lavadi Forested Hills

Salem 3,10.2.4 Kollimalai-Pachamalai Forested Hills

Dharmapuri 3.IO.2.S Chitteri Forested Hills

Khammam 3.11.'.4 Rekapalle Hills {Eastern 3.tt Andhra Andhra 3,1 l.l Godavari Ghats) platea\!. ~ade~ll Depression

',11.2 Telangana Aditabad 3.11.2.2 Satmala Hill Tract Plateau

Aditabad 3.11.2.3 Nirmal Hill Tract

3.11.4 Rayalaseema Chittoor 3.11.4.2 Palkonda·Velikonda Range

Cuddapah 3.11.4.2 Lankamala Hills

Kuroool 3.11.4.4 Brramala Hills

351 2 3 4 5 6

Cuddapah 3.11.4.4 Vclikonda Range

Chittoor 3.11.4.4 Nagari-Nagalapuram Hills

Cuddapah 3.11.4.6 Palkonda Range

Kurnool 3.11.4.7 Nallamala Hills

3.12 Orissa High- Orissa 3.12.2 Southern Koraput 3.12.2,5 Koraput Eastern Ghat lands Orissa High- lands (Orissa Dandakaranya)

Koraput 3.12,2.6 Dasmantapur Forested Hills

Koraput 3.12.2.9 Ambadala· Puttasing Forestad Hills (East Koraput)

Pachamalai Forested 4. The Coastal 4.3 Eastern Coasal Tamil Nadu 4.3.3 Coromandal Tiruchchira- 4.3,3,1 Plains &: Islands Region Coast ppaUi Hills

South Arcot 43.3.1 Kalrayan Forested Hills

Andhra 4.3,4 Southern Nellore 4.3,4.1 Velikonda Range Pradesh Andhra II Coastal lain

Prakasam 4.3,4.1 Nallamala Hills

Prakasam 4.3,4.7 Velikonda Range

4.3,5 Krishna Delta Guntur 4.3,5.2 Nallamala Hills

4.3.6 Godavari Della West Godavari 4.3.6.1 Papikonda Hills (Eas. tern Ghat) East Godavari 4.3.6.1 Eastern Ghat

Note: Reg'on No, 3 11.2,3 of Mahbubnagar (Krishna-Tungabhadra Interfluve) has been included in both Krishna Yalley and Tungabhadra Valley,

"'The re~ion has been listed at two places to maintain the continuity of the river basiD it belon~s to,

352