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Geography Geography Indian Geography Geography SAARC membership countries: Maldives, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, India, Nepal and Afghanistan. • ISRO launched GSAT 9 of SAARC satellite on 5 th May 2017 is used for disaster prediction. This satellite gives services to countries of SAARC accept Pakistan Location of India: 8°4 North latitude 237 °6 North latitude and 68 °7 East longitude to 97 °25 East longitude. • 82.5° East longitude is called Indian Standard Time and it passes through 5 states and union territory. They are Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Orissa and Andhra Pradesh. • GMC Balayogi Bridge interlinks between Andhra Pradesh and Puducherry. He is the first Telugu Lok Sabha speaker and died in helicopter accident. • India is a second largest Peninsula land mass and first one is Arabia. • 23.5°North latitude is called tropic of Cancer passes through 8 states in India. They are Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram. • 5 land lockers are present in India means surrounded by lands of India only and no coastal line. They are Haryana, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Telangana. • Indian territorial waters are extended up to 12 nautical miles (1 nautical mile = 1.857 km). End Points: • East end point Dilpha at purvanchal hills Arunachal Pradesh, west end point is Rann of Kutch Gujarat, Northern end point Indira Col and south end point Indira Point. • East end point and West End Point time difference is 2 hours 30 degrees longitude. The word Andhra was appeared in Aitareya Brahmana Rig Veda. First word in Telugu is NAGABU. MyApp According to article 1 India is the union of states also called as Bharat. India land mass belongs to Northern hemisphere and Gondwana land. 90% population connector concentrated in Northern hemisphere. 10% population concentrated in Southern hemisphere. 90% water concentrated in Southern hemisphere. 10% water concentrated in Northern hemisphere. Earth contains 71% of water and 29% of land in that water 97.5% of saline water 2.5% of fresh water. Earth is formed 4.6 Billion years ago and it is called as Pangea. China contains 19.4% population growth supports and India contains 17.6% population growth. India is in South Asia and China is in East Asia. Indian Geography Indian physical features: Himalayas, Great Northern Plains, Peninsular plateau , Western and Eastern Ghats , Coastal Plains , Iceland’s and Deserts. Note: Bharat Ratna for foreigners Mother Teresa in 1980, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan in 1987 (Red shirts Movement) and Nelson Mandela in 1987 (Nelson Mandela spent 27 years in jail). • Andhra Bank founder was Pattabhi Sitaramayya. • Home Minister is Vallabhbhai Patel because Gandhi and Pattabhi Sitaramayya. • 1 October is international integrity day Boundary countries with India: Afghanistan: • Afghanistan Durand line separates Pakistan and Afghanistan it was introduced in 1896. • Afghanistan contains 80 km least boundary with India. • Afghan-India Friendship Dam, formerly Salma Dam, is a hydroelectric and irrigation dam project located on the Hari River and Afghanistan is primarily part of India. Pakistan: • Rahmat Ali name the name Pakistan • Balochistan is the reason people started education for autonomous region. • Gandhi view on Pakistan division from India rejected • In 1947 29% of land and 18% of population was given to Pakistan in that 7 to 10 million people returned to India. They killed 10 Lakhs people from them. • Jammu and Kashmir, Gujarat, Hyderabad and Travancore are refused to join in India, but Gujarat and Travancore are joined in India withoutMyApp any War. • First war with Pakistan in 1947 after independence for Jammu and Kashmir and at last 17 September 1948 Operation Polo was done on Hyderabad, then Hyderabad was joined in India. • In that were 7 hours first one was Nizam ul Mulk and Amaan Ali Khan richest Nawab maintain relationship with Pakistan and give 3 crores rupees to Pakistan imported weapons said Indian currency is not valid in Hyderabad • K M Munshi is there two opposite. • JN Chaudhuri headed the army on Hyderabad war • War with Pakistan: 1947, 1965, 16 December 1971 Vijay Diwas, 26 July 1999 kargil Diwas and 13 December 2001 Parliament attack. Indian Geography There are three lines in between Pakistan and India Sir creek line except rejected Radcliffe line both India and Pakistan accepted Kashmir Pakistan rejected. China: • 5 states in India have boundary line with China 3380 kilo meters boundary line length in that 2100 KM is in controversy. • In 1917 CPI was established by MN Roy established (Russia). CPI branch was opened in 1925 at Kanpur. • Ranjit Singh conducted conference on July 2017 Delhi. • In 1954 panchsheel agreement was done between China and India. • China has boundary with 16 countries and India has boundary with 7 countries. • Because of Dalai Lama in Tibet who came to India at the time of Jawaharlal Nehru was PM. • Ladakh (Aksai Chin) is a part India till 1962. China occupied Aksai Chin (1700 square kilo meters area) in 1962. • In 1905 Repudi Somanatha Rao is an Indian, on the like of Japan he named their sons Togo and Nogo. • In 1905 China is defeated by Japan who inspires in and leads to Vandemataram movement in 1906. • In 1962 India and China war was held, at the time Prime Minister was Jawaharlal Nehru, Minister of Defence was Krishna Menon and president was Radha Krishna. • Due to the war Radha Krishna forced Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru to remove Defence Minister Krishna Menon. • Sikkim was merged into Indian Union in 1975 as per 35th Amendment Act ii article at that time Prime Minister of India is Indira Gandhi. • Sikkim became a full-fledged state MyAppof India in 1976 as due to 36 Amendment Act. • Line of Actual Control: Doklam, Tibet, Bhutan and India Nathula Pass (Not in Use) and Lipulekh pass are roads to Lake Manasarovar. One belt one road meeting was held on 15 & 16 June 2017 in Beijing China but India is not attended for that meeting. Nepal: It has 5 states have its boundaries in India. They are Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal and Himachal Pradesh. Bhutan: Bhutan has six hydro power stations with 10000 megawatt capacity, we are importing power from Bhutan and exporting to Nepal. • Bhutan has boundaries with 4 states in India Assam West Bengal Arunachal Pradesh Myanmar: Myanmar has boundaries with Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh. Indian Geography Bangladesh: Bangladesh has boundaries with West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Tripura • On 31 July 2016 a railway line from Akhaura to Agartala this is the new railway track between India and Bangladesh of 15 kilometers. • There is another train Maitree Express between India and Bangladesh • Recently India and Bangladesh Land boundary agreement was held in 2015 which was started in 1947 by Indira Gandhi • Enclaves residential areas 111 India transferred to Bangladesh 51 Bangladesh transferred to India. • Largest fake currency state in India is West Bengal. River System: West Flowing Rivers East Flowing Rivers Indus, Lune, Mahi, Narmada, Tapti, Sabarmati, Brahmaputra, Ganga, Damodar, Suvarnarekha, Mahanadi, Mandovi, Zuari, Saraswathi, Netravati, Pamba and Vamsadhara, Nagavali, Godavari, Krishna, Penna, Kaveri Periyar and Bramhani East Flowing Rivers: Indus River: • Left side tributaries are Jhelum (Tulbul project), Chenab (Baglihar Dul hasti and Salal dams), Ravi , Beas (Larji, Thein and Pong dams) and Sutlej (Neptha jakri, Bakra and Nangal dams). • Right side tributaries are Gilgit, Shigar, Kuram, Soyak and Kabul (All are present in Pakistan). Brahmaputra River: length 2900 KM. • Left side tributaries are Dibang River, Lohit River, Dhansiri River, Kolong River. • Right side tributaries are Kameng River, Manas River, Beki River, Raidak River, Jaldhaka River, Teesta River, Subansiri River. MyApp • Tibet is also called as “Yarlung Tsangpo” in Tibetan language, “Dihag and shihag” in Assam and “Jamuna” in Bangladesh. • World largest Riverine Island is “Majuli” Island surrounded by Brahmaputra River. Ganga River: • Left side tributaries are Ramganga, Gomti, Ghaghara (Sarju and Sadra are main tributaries), Gandak and Kosi. • Right side tributaries are Yamuna (Chabal, Betwa and Ken), Tamsa, Son (Rihand River) and Damodar. • It is the largest National River (2525KM) with 26.7% catchment area. National aquatic animal (Dolphins) are exists in this River. • National Ganga River Basin Authority was setup according to 1986 Environmental act. • Ramganga: Born in Uttarakhand. • Ghaghara: It is born in Tran’s Himalayas. It flows through Nepal and India (Utter Pradesh). Indian Geography • Sarju: Ayodhya is located at the bank of this river. • Sadra: 2 Largest canal in Utter Pradesh. • Gomti: It is born in Utter Pradesh. • Gandak: It is born in Nepal and flows through Utter Pradesh. An International project was built on this river. • Kosi: It born in Nepal and flows through India (Bihar). Kosi project also an international project built by both countries. In 2008 400 people are dead due to floods and recently 2017 200 people are dead because of floods. • Yamuna: It is largest tributary of Ganga born at yamunotri (Uttarakhand). Ganga and Yamuna both are called living entities. • Chambal: It is born at Janapav Hills (Madhya Pradesh). It is famous for Gharial Crocodiles. Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan are separated by this river. Projects on Chambal River are Kota barrage, Jawahar sagar dam, Rana pratap sagar dam, Gandhi sagar dam. On the advice of Supreme Court Rivers interlinking was started in 2002 but not executed. But recently cabinet approves Rivers interlinking project. • Betwa: Betwa River born in the Vindhya Range (Madhya Pradesh). A multipurpose dam is constructed on Betwa River. Betwa and Ken rivers interlinking was started in 2006 but not executed. This river passes through “Penna Tiger zone” • Rihand River: Rihand River born in Matiranga Hills (Chhattisgarh , Uttar Pradesh). Rihand project was built on this river in Uttar Pradesh. • Damodar River: Born in Chota Nagpur Plateau (Jharkhand).
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