Phase One Environmental Site Assessment 296 Somerset Street East, Ottawa, On

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Phase One Environmental Site Assessment 296 Somerset Street East, Ottawa, On Executive Summary PHASE ONE ENVIRONMENTAL SITE ASSESSMENT 296 SOMERSET STREET EAST, OTTAWA, ON Project No.: 0CP-18-0041 Prepared for: TC United Group. 800 Industrial Ave, Unit 9 Ottawa, ON K1G 4B8 Prepared by: McIntosh Perry Consulting Engineers Ltd. 115 Walgreen Road, RR3 Carp, ON K0A 1L0 March 2, 2018 i Executive Summary McIntosh Perry Consulting Engineers Ltd. (McIntosh Perry) was retained by TC United Group to conduct a Phase One Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) for the property located at 296 Somerset Street East, Ottawa, Ontario (‘the Site’). The Site is bounded to the north by Somerset Street East, and to the east, west, and south by residential dwellings. The Site currently consists of a single family residential building (currently occupied) and a small detached garage. It is understood that this Phase One ESA is being completed as a component of the City of Ottawa site plan submission process, in support of an application to construct a residential building which will include four residential units and one commercial unit on the ground floor. The Phase One ESA has been prepared in general accordance with the requirements of Ontario Regulation (O.Reg.) 153/04 as amended. The report is also in general compliance with “Phase I Environmental Site Assessment”, Canadian Standards Association (CSA) standard CSA Z768-01, reaffirmed 2016. Based on a review of aerial photographs, historical information, and interviews, the Site was developed with the present-day residential dwelling between 1924 and 1928. Prior to this time, the Site was likely vacant. No Potentially Contaminating Activities (PCAs) or Areas of Potential Environmental Concern (APECs) were identified at, on, or under the Site. The following offsite PCAs were identified in the Phase One ESA Study Area: x 308 Somerset Street East – Possible historical use as a dry cleaner and dye manufacturing, processing, and/or bulk storage. x 306 Somerset Street East – Ontario Spill Record (outdoor oil tank ‘weeping’). x 330 Templeton Street – Ontario Spill Record (underground fuel storage tank leak). x 330 Templeton Street – O.Reg 347 waste generator (oil skimmings and sludges). Based on the nature, location, and age of the offsite PCAs, no on-site APECs were identified. A Phase 2 ESA is not deemed to be necessary at this time. ii Phase One Environmental Site Assessment 296 Somerset Street East, Ottawa, ON 0CP-18-0041 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Phase One Property Information ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Property Identification .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1.2 Property Ownership and Contact Details ................................................................................................... 1 1.1.3 Current and Proposed Future Uses ............................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Surrounding Land Use ....................................................................................................................................... 1 2.0 SCOPE OF INVESTIGATION ...................................................................................................................... 2 3.0 RECORDS REVIEW ................................................................................................................................... 3 3.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 3 3.1.1 Phase One Study Area Determination ....................................................................................................... 3 3.1.2 First Developed Use Determination........................................................................................................... 3 3.1.3 Fire Insurance Plans .................................................................................................................................. 3 3.1.4 Chain of Title ............................................................................................................................................. 3 3.1.5 Reports by Others ..................................................................................................................................... 3 3.1.6 City Directories ......................................................................................................................................... 3 3.2 Environmental Source Information .................................................................................................................... 4 3.2.1 Databases Searched .................................................................................................................................. 4 3.2.2 Database Findings Relevant to the Phase One ESA .................................................................................... 5 3.2.3 MOECC Freedom of Information Request.................................................................................................. 9 3.2.4 TSSA Information Request......................................................................................................................... 9 4.0 PHYSICAL SETTING ................................................................................................................................ 10 4.1 Aerial Photographs and Satellite Images ..........................................................................................................10 4.2 Topography .....................................................................................................................................................10 4.3 Hydrology ........................................................................................................................................................10 4.4 Geology ...........................................................................................................................................................11 4.4.1 Surficial Geology ......................................................................................................................................11 4.4.2 Bedrock Geology ......................................................................................................................................11 4.5 Hydrogeology ..................................................................................................................................................11 iii Phase One Environmental Site Assessment 296 Somerset Street East, Ottawa, ON 0CP-18-0041 4.6 Fill Materials ....................................................................................................................................................11 4.7 Water Bodies and Areas of Natural Significance...............................................................................................11 4.8 Well Records ....................................................................................................................................................12 5.0 INTERVIEWS ......................................................................................................................................... 13 6.0 SITE RECONNAISSANCE ........................................................................................................................ 14 6.1 General Requirements .....................................................................................................................................14 6.1.1 Qualifications of the Assessors .................................................................................................................14 6.1.2 Weather Conditions at Time of Inspection ...............................................................................................14 6.1.3 Property Occupancy/Use Status at Time of Inspection .............................................................................14 6.1.4 Site Photographs ......................................................................................................................................14 6.2 Description of Investigations ............................................................................................................................15 6.2.1 Phase One Property .................................................................................................................................15 6.2.2 Phase One Study Area ..............................................................................................................................15 6.3 Specific Observations at the Phase One Property..............................................................................................15 6.3.1 Structures and Other Improvements ........................................................................................................15 6.3.2 Below Ground Structures .........................................................................................................................15 6.3.3 Storage Tanks ..........................................................................................................................................15 6.3.4 Hazardous Materials ................................................................................................................................15
Recommended publications
  • General Manager, Transportation Services, Vivi Chi, Director, Services Department Transportation Planning
    M E M O / N O T E D E S E R V I C E Information previously distributed / Information distribué auparavant TO: Transportation Committee DESTINATAIRE : Comité des transports FROM: John Manconi, Contact: Phil Landry, Director, Traffic General Manager, Transportation Services, Vivi Chi, Director, Services Department Transportation Planning EXPÉDITEUR : John Manconi, Personne ressource : Philippe Landry, Directeur général, Direction générale Gestionnaire, Services de la circulation, des transports Vivi Chi, Planification des transports, DATE: February 27, 2018 27 février 2018 FILE NUMBER: ACS2018-TSD-GEN-0001 SUBJECT: Report on the use of Delegated Authority during 2017 by the Transportation Services Department as set out in Schedule “G” Transportation Services of By-law 2016-369 OBJET : Rapport sur l’utilisation de Délégation de pouvoirs en 2017 par la direction générale des Services des Transports, comme il est indiqué à l’annexe G Services des Transports, du régulant 2016-369 PURPOSE The purpose of this memorandum is to report to the Transportation Committee on the use of delegated authority for 2017 under Schedule ‘G’ – Transportation Services of By- Law 2016-369. 1 BACKGOUND By-law 2016-369 is “a by-law of the City of Ottawa respecting the delegation of authority to various officers of the City”. The By-law was enacted by Council on November 9, 2016 and is meant to repeal By-law No. 2014-435. This By-Law provides delegated authority to officers within the Transportation Services Department to perform various operational activities, and requires that use of delegated authority be reported to the appropriate standing committee at least once per year.
    [Show full text]
  • By Email January 15, 2021 Mayor
    By Email January 15, 2021 Mayor Jim Watson 110 Laurier Avenue West Ottawa, ON K1P 1J1 Dear Mayor Watson: Poorly Conceived Ward Boundary Change (uOttawa - Lees Campus) Affecting Capital Ward The Old Ottawa East Community Association respectfully requests that a change made during the course of the Ward Boundary Review be reversed before the by-law is proclaimed January 27, 2021. The change does not meet the City’s criteria required for a ward boundary change. Specifically, on December 9, 2020 City Council approved ward boundary changes that included the transfer of the University of Ottawa’s Lees Avenue campus from Capital Ward to Rideau-Vanier. This transfer was introduced by an unknown party near the end of the lengthy ward boundary consultation process but the Old Ottawa East Community Association and the Old Ottawa East community were not made aware of the change until after FEDCO had blessed it. Specifically, the “Recommendations Report” for Council recommended: “Move the Gee-Gees sports field from W6-19 (Capital) to W6-17 (Rideau-Vanier). The reasons given refer to a better boundary (the River rather than Highway 417) and the area’s association with sports facilities directly to the north in Rideau-Vanier. In the recommended ward boundary configuration, the Gee-Gees sports field is moved from W6-19 to W6-17. There are no residents in this area.” (p23) The report later says: “At Robinson Park and Gee Gees Field, #417 is not a big boundary; use the River instead.” (p34) …/2 - 2 - The fundamental criterion for making ward boundary changes is to “achieve voter parity." The transfer of the Lees campus will be detrimental to voter parity because Rideau-Vanier is forecast to grow faster than Capital.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 5 Station Descriptions And
    Appendix 5 Station Descriptions and Technical Overview Stage 2 light rail transit (LRT) stations will follow the same standards, design principles, and connectivity and mobility requirements as Stage 1 Confederation Line. Proponent Teams were instructed, through the guidelines outlined in the Project Agreement (PA), to design stations that will integrate with Stage 1, which include customer facilities, accessibility features, and the ability to support the City’s Transportation Master Plan (TMP) goals for public transit and ridership growth. The station features planned for the Stage 2 LRT Project will be designed and built on these performance standards which include: Barrier-free path of travel to entrances of stations; Accessible fare gates at each entrance, providing easy access for customers using mobility devices or service animals; Tactile wayfinding tiles will trace the accessible route through the fare gates, to elevators, platforms and exits; Transecure waiting areas on the train platform will include accessible benches and tactile/Braille signs indicating the direction of service; Tactile warning strips and inter-car barriers to keep everyone safely away from the platform edge; Audio announcements and visual displays for waiting passengers will precede each train’s arrival on the platform and will describe the direction of travel; Service alerts will be shown visually on the passenger information display monitors and announced audibly on the public-address system; All wayfinding and safety signage will be provided following the applicable accessibility standards (including type size, tactile signage, and appropriate colour contrast); Clear, open sight lines and pedestrian design that make wayfinding simple and intuitive; and, Cycling facilities at all stations including shelter for 80 per cent of the provided spaces, with additional space protected to ensure cycling facilities can be doubled and integrated into the station’s footprint.
    [Show full text]
  • Ward 16 Master THEME EN
    Draft Budget 2020 – Ward 16 – River Councillor Riley Brockington Ward investments in 2020 Infrastructure • $31.2 million on infrastructure, including: o $5.5 million to rehabilitate Mooney’s Bay trunk sewer o $6.8 million for integrated road, sewer, and water work along Claymor and Senio avenues o $5.9 million for integrated road, sewer and water work along Larkin Street, Larose Avenue and Lepage Avenue o $8.8 million on structure renewal, including culverts along the Airport Parkway at Walkley Road, and O-Train overpasses at Heron Road, Riverside Drive and Walkley Road o $3.95 million to resurface Riverside Drive between Hunt Club and Walkley roads Transportation • $817 million to fund Stage 2 of Ottawa’s light-rail transit system, extending service to Limebank Station with a link to the Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport, adding 12 kilometres and eight stations along the Trillium Line, south of Greenboro Station • $125,000 to reconstruct sidewalks and curbs to improve road safety along McCarthy Road between Plante Drive and the rail crossing • $30,000 to apply high-friction asphalt on Prince of Wales Drive at Kochar Drive • $20,000 to repair streetlight cables at Kenzie Street and Leaside Avenue • $6,000 to replace streetlight poles on Riverside Drive at Malhotra Court Parks and facilities • $500,000 on renewal projects, including: o $85,000 for building improvements to the Water Services facility on Clyde Avenue o $80,000 for upgrades to the Deborah Anne Kirwan Pool o $270,000 for concrete walkways and retaining walls at
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Commissions: Threads of an Ottawa Planning History
    Document generated on 09/24/2021 11:42 p.m. Urban History Review Revue d'histoire urbaine A History of Commissions Threads of An Ottawa Planning History Ken Hillis Volume 21, Number 1, October 1992 Article abstract Early planning in Ottawa takes the form of a piece-meal architectural URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1019246ar admixture. On paper there remains a series of largely unrealized proposals DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/1019246ar designed to promote an image symbolic of national identity. Successive federal and municipal agencies worked to various degrees of success to augment See table of contents Ottawa's appearance and amenity. British planner Thomas Adams' departure from, and the subsequent demise of the Federal Commission of Conservation in the early 1920's marked a low point in efforts to evolve comprehensive Publisher(s) planning strategies. The career of Noulan Cauchon, first head of the Ottawa Town Planning Commission, aimed to keep the notion of planning alive in the Urban History Review / Revue d'histoire urbaine city. Certain of his little-acknowledged proposals bear remarkable similarity to the pre-W.W. II planning efforts of MacKenzie King and Jacques Greber. ISSN Cauchon's legacy endures in proposals which appear to have been incorporated into federal planning activities during the post-war era. 0703-0428 (print) 1918-5138 (digital) Explore this journal Cite this article Hillis, K. (1992). A History of Commissions: Threads of An Ottawa Planning History. Urban History Review / Revue d'histoire urbaine, 21(1), 46–60. https://doi.org/10.7202/1019246ar All Rights Reserved © Urban History Review / Revue d'histoire urbaine, 1992 This document is protected by copyright law.
    [Show full text]
  • 2197 Riverside Drive
    For Sublease 2197 Riverside Drive Impressive Common Area Upgrades Available space Highlights Suite 101 1,087 sf • Move-in ready space • Lots of natural light Net Rent • Three sound-proofed offices Contact Listing Agent • New Conference facility in the building • New lobby and elevators • Onsite parking Additional Rent • Public transit and food service amenities at your door $15.43 psf (2020 estimate) step • Bike paths, walking trails, and outdoor green space Lease Expiry • Key fob and security camera system May 31, 2025 Location Possession Ottawa South, Billings Bridge, with a short 10 minute Immediate commute to Downtown Ottawa. Avison Young Matthew Schultz Commercial Real Estate (Ontario) Inc. Brokerage Sales Representative, Principal 45 O’Connor Street, Suite 800 D 613 567 3478 Ottawa, ON K1P 1A4 [email protected] M 613 567 2680 E. & O.E.: The information contained herein was obtained from sources which we deem reliable and, while thought to be correct, is not guaranteed by Avison Young. Pictures 2197 Riverside Drive, Ottawa Matthew Schultz Sales Representative, Principal avisonyoung.ca D 613 567 3478 [email protected] E. & O.E.: The information contained herein was obtained from sources which we deem reliable and, while thought to be correct, is not guaranteed by Avison Young. Pictures 2197 Riverside Drive, Ottawa Map Patty’s Pub Transitway Brewer Park Bronson Avenue Bank Street Riverside Drive Vincent Massey Park Heron Road (Approximately, not to scale) Matthew Schultz Sales Representative, Principal avisonyoung.ca D 613 567 3478 [email protected] E. & O.E.: The information contained herein was obtained from sources which we deem reliable and, while thought to be correct, is not guaranteed by Avison Young..
    [Show full text]
  • Gloucester Street Names Including Vanier, Rockcliffe, and East and South Ottawa
    Gloucester Street Names Including Vanier, Rockcliffe, and East and South Ottawa Updated March 8, 2021 Do you know the history behind a street name not on the list? Please contact us at [email protected] with the details. • - The Gloucester Historical Society wishes to thank others for sharing their research on street names including: o Société franco-ontarienne du patrimoine et de l’histoire d’Orléans for Orléans street names https://www.sfopho.com o The Hunt Club Community Association for Hunt Club street names https://hunt-club.ca/ and particularly John Sankey http://johnsankey.ca/name.html o Vanier Museoparc and Léo Paquette for Vanier street names https://museoparc.ca/en/ Neighbourhood Street Name Themes Neighbourhood Theme Details Examples Alta Vista American States The portion of Connecticut, Michigan, Urbandale Acres Illinois, Virginia, others closest to Heron Road Blackburn Hamlet Streets named with Eastpark, Southpark, ‘Park’ Glen Park, many others Blossom Park National Research Queensdale Village Maass, Parkin, Council scientists (Queensdale and Stedman Albion) on former Metcalfe Road Field Station site (Radar research) Eastway Gardens Alphabeted streets Avenue K, L, N to U Hunt Club Castles The Chateaus of Hunt Buckingham, Club near Riverside Chatsworth, Drive Cheltenham, Chambord, Cardiff, Versailles Hunt Club Entertainers West part of Hunt Club Paul Anka, Rich Little, Dean Martin, Boone Hunt Club Finnish Municipalities The first section of Tapiola, Tammela, Greenboro built near Rastila, Somero, Johnston Road.
    [Show full text]
  • 2 Robinson Avenue
    2 Robinson Avenue Planning Rationale + Design Brief Official Plan Amendment + Zoning By-law Amendment December 22, 2020 Prepared for Place Dorée Real Estate Holdings Inc. Prepared by Fotenn Planning + Design 396 Cooper St, Suite 300 Ottawa, ON K2P 2H7 December 2020 © Fotenn Planning + Design The information contained in this document produced by Fotenn is solely for the use of the Client identified above for the purpose for which it has been prepared and Fotenn undertakes no duty to or accepts any responsibility to any third party who may rely upon this document. \ 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Required Applications 1 1.2 Public Consultation Strategy 1 2.0 Site Context and Surrounding Area 3 2.1 Subject Site 3 2.2 Surrounding Context 3 2.3 Road Network 4 2.4 Transportation Network 4 2.5 Neighbourhood Amenities 6 3.0 Proposed Development and Design Brief 8 3.1 Project Overview 8 3.2 Massing and Scale 9 3.3 Public Realm 11 4.0 Policy and Regulatory Review 14 4.1 Provincial Policy Statement (2020) 14 4.2 City of Ottawa Official Plan (2003, as consolidated) 15 4.2.1 Managing Growth 15 4.2.2 Land Use Designation 16 4.2.3 Designing Ottawa 16 4.2.4 Urban Design and Compatibility 17 4.3 Sandy Hill Secondary Plan 21 4.4 Lees Transit Oriented Development Plan 22 4.5 Transit-Oriented Development Guidelines 25 4.6 Urban Design Guidelines for High-rise Buildings 27 4.7 University of Ottawa Campus Master Plan 28 4.8 Zoning By-law 2008-250 31 5.0 Proposed Amendments 35 5.1 Official Plan Amendment 35 5.2 Zoning By-law Amendment 35 6.0 Conclusions 37 1 Introduction Fotenn Planning + Design has been retained by Place Dorée Real Estate Holdings Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Food Link 2013/2014
    FOOD LINK 2013/2014 A Directory of Community Programs and Services Promoting Access to Food in Ottawa Just Food ottawa.ca/health | ottawa.ca/sante 613-580-6744 | TTY/ATS : 613-580-9656 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................ 3 COMMUNITY FOOD PROGRAMS................................................................................... 4 Ottawa Good Food Box.................................................................................... 4 Collaborative Food Pantry................................................................................ 6 Good Food Markets.......................................................................................... 6 Meals on Wheels............................................................................................. 7 Community Gardening Network of Ottawa......................................................9 Collective and Community Kitchens.............................................................. 14 Buns in the Oven Program............................................................................ 15 SCHOOL-BASED FOOD PROGRAMS.......................................................................... 17 Elementary Services.......................................................................................17 Colleges and Universities Nutrition Services..................................................18 FOOD ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Heron Road Bridge Rehabilitation Ottawa, Ontario
    Canadian Consulting Engineering Awards 2013 Heron Road Bridge Rehabilitation Ottawa, Ontario Association of Consulting Engineering Companies Heron Road Bridge Rehabilitation 2013 Awards Ottawa, Ontario TABLE OF CONTENTS Confirmation Receipt Entry Consent Form PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS .................................................................................................. 1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................ 2 TOC iii Association of Consulting Engineering Companies Heron Road Bridge Rehabilitation 2013 Awards Ottawa, Ontario PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS The Heron Road Bridge located in the nation’s capital, is a vital link within the City of Ottawa’s transportation network being one of several bridges crossing the Rideau River that divides the east and west parts of the City and one of three major east-west cross town routes. Constructed in 1966/1967, it consists of long twin structures carrying Heron Road over the Rideau Canal (National Historic Site of Canada and UNESCO World Heritage site), the National Capital Commission (NCC) pedestrian pathway, Colonel By Drive, the Rideau River, and the Vincent Massey Park access road. Part of the bridge collapsed during original construction and this tragedy remains one of Ontario’s worst construction accidents in history. Each structure consists of seven spans carrying three lanes of traffic. The north structure is about 267m long and the south structure is 276m long. The superstructure consists of cast-in-place post-tensioned voided concrete deck cantilevered to support three suspended spans. The suspended spans consist of nine simply supported prestressed girders, with reinforced concrete deck. The precast girders are supported by corbels at the ends of the cantilevered post-tensioned deck. The substructure consists of six intermediate piers and abutments at each ends. The piers in the vicinity of the Rideau River are supported on spread footing on bedrock whereas the remaining piers and abutments are supported by piles driven to bedrock.
    [Show full text]
  • Canada Gouvernementaux Canada
    Public Works and Government Services Travaux publics et Services 1 1 Canada gouvernementaux Canada RETURN BIDS TO: Title - Sujet RETOURNER LES SOUMISSIONS À: COURIER AND FREIGHT SERVICES Bid Receiving - PWGSC / Réception des soumissions - Solicitation No. - N° de l'invitation Date TPSGC E60LM-120020/B 2013-03-05 11 Laurier St. / 11, rue Laurier Client Reference No. - N° de référence du client Amendment No. - N° modif. Place du Portage , Phase III E60LM-120020 006 Core 0A1 / Noyau 0A1 Gatineau, Québec K1A 0S5 File No. - N° de dossier CCC No./N° CCC - FMS No./N° VME Bid Fax: (819) 997-9776 lm001.E60LM-120020 GETS Reference No. - N° de référence de SEAG PW-$$LM-001-62053 Date of Original Request for Standing Offer 2013-01-25 Revision to a Request for a Standing Offer Date de la demande de l'offre à commandes originale Révision à une demande d'offre à commandes Solicitation Closes - L'invitation prend fin Time Zone Fuseau horaire National Master Standing Offer (NMSO) at - à 02:00 PM on - le 2013-03-11 Eastern Standard Offre à commandes principale et nationale (OCPN) Time EST Address Enquiries to: - Adresser toutes questions à: Buyer Id - Id de l'acheteur Jiang, Kevin lm001 The referenced document is hereby revised; unless otherwise indicated, all other terms and conditions of Telephone No. - N° de téléphone FAX No. - N° de FAX the Offer remain the same. (819) 956-3857 ( ) ( ) - Delivery Required - Livraison exigée Ce document est par la présente révisé; sauf indication contraire, les modalités de l'offre demeurent les mêmes. Destination - of Goods, Services, and Construction: Destination - des biens, services et construction: Comments - Commentaires Vendor/Firm Name and Address Security - Sécurité Raison sociale et adresse du This revision does not change the security requirements of the Offer.
    [Show full text]
  • 10.0 Environmental Effects, Significance and Mitigation
    10.0 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, SIGNIFICANCE AND MITIGATION To a large degree, environmental effects were avoided or minimized to the extent possible due to the nature of the project (i.e., conversion from BRT to LRT); and during the evaluation of the alternatives and the selection of the preferred alternative. Moreover, many mitigation measures have been directly incorporated into the recommended plan. This section describes the environmental benefits and potential environmental effects of the proposed project and mitigation measures for the effects that cannot be avoided. Sections Include: 10.1 Assessment Approach 10.2 Project Benefits 10.3 Impact Assessment Results, Mitigation, Significance and Residual Effects 10.4 Cumulative Effects 10.5 Accidents and Malfunctions 10.6 Municipal, Provincial, Federal or Other Approvals or Permits 10.7 Future Commitments 10-1 • the magnitude, spatial extent, and duration of the effects; irregularities, but would have no measurable effect on the 10.1 Assessment Approach • the proportion of a species population or the number of population, entity or group as a whole. An assessment was undertaken to describe the potential people affected; environmental effects, both positive and negative of the • direct or indirect effects; Positive (P): An effect that exhibits a beneficial outcome. planning, construction and operational activities associated with • the degree to which the effect responds to mitigation; and the proposed DOTT project. The definitions of significance were adopted for use in this • the level of uncertainty about the possible effect. assessment because many of the impacts cannot be quantified in The assessment of effects involves applying the following steps: absolute terms, although changes and trends can be predicted.
    [Show full text]