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University Microfilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 8320661 Ballard, John Steven EL CICLO DE NOVELAS SOCIOCRITICAS DE ALBERTO BLEST GANA: EL DESARROLLO DE LA ESTETICA REALISTA Y DE LA IDEOLOGIA LIBERAL. (SPANISH TEXT) The Ohio State University Ph.D. 1983 University Microfilms International300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check markV . 1. Glossy photographs or p a_______ g es 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print______ 3. Photographs with dark background______ 4. Illustrations are poor cop_______ y 5 . Pages with black marks, not original copy____ 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sid es of page______ 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several p agesy / 8. Print exceeds margin requirements______ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine____ 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print______ 11. P age(s)_____________lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. P age(s)_____________seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages numbered_____________. Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled p a g______ es 15. Other___________________________________________________________________________ University Microfilms International EL CICLO DE NOVELAS SOCIOCRITICAS DE ALBERTO BLEST GANA: EL DESARROLLO DE LA ESTETICA REALISTA Y LA IDEOLOGIA LIBERAL DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By John Steven Ballard, B.A. , II.A. ****** The Ohio State University 1983 Reading Committee: Dr. Grinor Rojo Dr. Stephen Summerhill Dr. Cynthia Steele | ser Department of ]voman<ie Literature I and Lan uages VITA Ilarch 15, 1950 ..... Born - Ithaca, New York 1973 ............... B.A., Utah State University Logan, Utah 1973-1975 .......... Teaching Assistant, Department of Foreign Languages, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 1975 ............... M.A., Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 1975-1979 .......... Teaching Assistant, Department of Romance Languages and Literatures, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1979-1982 .......... Graduate Administrative Associate, The American Society for Eighteenth- Century Studies, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1982-1983 .......... Assistant Professor of Spanish, Dickinson State College, Dickinson, North Dakota PUBLICATIONS "Marilu&n; la novela olvidada del ciclo nacional de Alberto Blest Gana". Literatura Chilena: creaci6n y critica. Octubrel Diciembre, XVIII (1981), p&ginas 1-9. ii FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Latin American Literature Studies in Latin American Literature. Professor Grinor Rojo Studies in Peninsular Literature. Professors Margarita Levisi and Salvador Garcia Studies in French Literature. Professors Ronald C. Ros- bottom and Charles Williams iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page VITA ............................................ ii INTRODUCCION GENERAL . ................. 1 Prop6sitos y necesidad de este estudio .„. 1 Informaci6n biogr&fica minima ............ 4 La producci6n novelesca de Alberto Blest G a n a ....................... ................ 9 Alberto Blest Gana en la narrativa hispano- americana decimondnica ................... 11 En torno a una cronologia de la produccidn novelesca blestganiana (limites del estudio propuesto) ....................... 15 Fundamentos metodologicos de nuestro traba- jo ........................................ 17 Capitulo I. La aritmdtica en el amor ................. 31 Introduccidn ............ 31 El protagonista y su historia ...... 33 El mundo del protagonista............. s.. 35 El narrador ....... 46 Juicio Sumario ............................. 49 II. Martin Rivas ............................. 53 Introducei6n ............................... 53 El protagonista y su historia ............ 55 De Fortunato Esperanzano a Martin Rivas .. 57 El mundo de Martin Rivas ............... 59 Tipologia .................................. 64 La narracidn ............................... 68 Juicio Sumario ............................. 69 III. Marilu&n ................. 71 Introduccidn ................... 71 La historia del protagonista.... 73 El protagonista y sus proyectos ..... 75 Mariluan y los protagonistas anteriores de Alberto Blest G a n a ................... 82 El mundo narrado ........ 83 La distancia temporal ..... ............... 96 iv Page Las tdcnicas narrativas ..................... 99 Juicio Sumario .............. 101 IV. El ideal de un calavera ........... ........ 105 Introduccidn ............................ ... 105 La historia del protagonista ..oo..o.o 106 El protagonista y sus ideales: el choque en- tre la poesia y la realidad 108 El mundo del protagonista....... 113 Juicio Sumario ......................... 133 V. Durante la Reconquista .................. 135 Introduccidn ................................ 135 La historia ..... 136 La cuestidn del protagonista.............. 138 El mundo narrado .................... 141 Los personajes .......................... 146 El narrador y las tfecnicas narrativas ..... 151 Juicio Sumario ...... 156 VI. Los trasplantados .................... 158 Introduccidn ............... 158 La historia .............. 160 Los Canalejas: el conflicto entre lo viejo y lo nuevo ............ 162 Espacios pdblicos y privados .............. 172 El mundo social ......... 178 La distancia temporal .................... 183 El narrador ......... .................. 185 Juicio Sumario ......... 188 VII. El loco EStero ....................... 193 Introduccidn ...... 193 La historia ................... 194 Carlos Diaz: la fortuna favorece a los auda- ces ..................................ooooo 196 La estructura del mundo narrado ......oo... 204 El t i e m p o ................................ 214 La narracidn .......... 216 Juicio Sumario ....................... 217 VIII. Conclusidn ............... 220 BIBLIOGRAFIA ............................. 225 v Introducci6n General 1. Prop6sitos y necesidad de este estudio Este estudio se propone examinar s61o un grupo dentro de las dieciocho novelas compuestas por el autor chileno deci- mondnico Alberto Blest Gana y que es un grupo al que noso- tros hemos denorainado "ciclo de novelas sociocriticas". In- tegrarian tal ciclo, a juicio nuestro, las siguentes novelas: La aritmdtica en el amor. 1860; Martin Rivas. 1862; Marilu&n. 1862; El ideal de un calavera. 1863; Durante la Reconquista, escrita en 1888 y publicada en 1897; Los trasplantados. 1904; y El loco Estero. 1909. Lo que nos proponemos realizar con las novelas de este ciclo es un andlisis basado principal, pero no exclusiva- mente, en la caracterizacidn del gran realismo decimondnico 1 que Lukdcs ha hecho en vanas de sus investigaciones . La reunidn en el gran realismo decimondnico de la doble dimen- sidn de lo general y lo particular, concretada, entre otros pianos, en el de los personajes, a travds de la presencia del "tipo", amalgama de lo individual o privado y de lo so cial o pdblico, es el concepto matriz que orientard nuestro trabajo. 1 Sabemos que un an&lisis de la indole del que proponemos aqui no se ha hecho hasta hoy con las novelas de Blest Gana, o por lo menos que no se ha hecho con cada una de las nove las que integran el ciclo que a nosotros nos interesa y que es el que mejor se presta a esta clase de examen. No en vano se ha dicho que Blest Gana recoge y reedita, en America La tina,