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The Life History of Raúl Honwana: an Inside View of Mozambique from Colonialism to Independence, 1905-1975

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The Life History of Raúl Honwana: an Inside View of Mozambique from Colonialism to Independence, 1905-1975 The life history of Raúl Honwana: an inside view of Mozambique from colonialism to independence, 1905-1975 http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.SFF.DOCUMENT.crp2b20008 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org The life history of Raúl Honwana: an inside view of Mozambique from colonialism to independence, 1905-1975 Author/Creator Honwana, Raúl; Isaacman, Allen F. (editor); Bender, Tamara L. (translator) Publisher Lynne Rienner Publishers (Boulder) Date 1988 Resource type Books Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) Mozambique, South Africa Coverage (temporal) 1905 - 1975 Source Northwestern University Libraries, Melville J. Herskovits Library of African Studies, 967.903 H775ZX Rights By kind permission of Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc.. Description This autobiography of an important figure in Mozambican history provides a unique view of the transition from colonialism to independence. Edited with a substantive 31-page introduction and detailed footnotes by Allen Isaacman, this book addresses a range of issues, including the role of "assimilados" in colonialism, the mechanisms of racism, forms of resistance, and ties with South Africa. His eight children all played significant roles in the nationalist movement and in post-independence Mozambique, and the family is linked by marriage to other families prominent in Mozambican history. Format extent 200 pages (length/size) http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.SFF.DOCUMENT.crp2b20008 http://www.aluka.org THE LIFE HISTORY THE LIFE HISTORY of Ratil Honwana An Inside View of Mozambique from Colonialism to Independence, 1905,-1975 RAUL HON WANA edited and with an introduction by ALLEN F. ISAACMAN Northwestern University Library Evanston, Illinois 60208 L1L THE LIFE HISTORY OF RACJL HONWANA I dedicate tbis book to My Wife My Cbildren My Grandchildren My Great-Grandchildren THE LIFE HISTORY OF RACJL HONWANA An Inside View of Mozambique from Colonialism to Independence, 1905-1975 RAUL HONWANA edited and with an introduction by ALLEN F ISAACMAN translated by TAMARA L. BENDER LYNNE RIENNER PUBLISHERS - BOULDER & LONDON i--7 5 z X Published in the United States of America in 1988 by Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc. 948 North Street, Boulder, Colorado 80302 and in the United Kingdom by Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc. 3 Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London WC2E 8LU 01988 by Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Honwana, Rail Bernardo Manuel, 1905[Hist6rias ouvidas e vividas dos homens e da terra. English] The life history of Rafil Honwana : an inside view of Mozambique from colonialism to independence, 1905-1975 / edited and with an introduction by Allen Isaacman; translated by Tamara Bender. p. cm. Translation of: Hist6rias ouvidas e vividas dos homens e da terra. ISBN 1-55587-114-3 (lib. bdg.) 1. Mozambique-History-1891-1975. 2. Honwana, Rafil Bernardo Manual, 1905- . 3. Mozambique-Biography. I. Isaacman, Allen F. II. Title. DT463.H6613 1988 967' .903'0924--dc19 [B] 88-4239 CIP British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library Printed and bound in the United States of America The paper used in this publication meets the requirments of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48- 1984. Contents Photographs and Maps viii Acknowledgment ix Introduction, Allen Isaacman 1 CHAPTER ONE Before 1905 33 My Direct Forefathers 33 My Grandfather Mutxequetxa 35 The Battle of Masoyine 38 Episodes at Marracuene and Magul 39 Coolela, Chaimite, and Mukontuene 42 My Father Nwa Xivayi Honwana 44 My Mother Vulande Hunguana 45 Editor's Notes 46 CHAPTER TWO 1905 to 1920 55 My Infancy and Adolescence 55 Goatherding 56 School: Principal Junod and Swiss Magic 57 A Trip to Mbeve 59 One of the Saddest Moments of My Life: The Death of My Mother 60 Editor's Notes 63 CHAPTER THREE 1921 to 1936 67 In Ressano Garcia 67 Three Episodes During 1925: A King and a Prince, Buisonto, and The Railroad Workers' Strike 71 Struck, Tied Up, and Arrested as Though I Were a Criminal 73 vi THE IFE HISTORY OF RAUL HONWANA First Marriage, First Two Sons, and the Duvoisin Family 74 "Pequenino" 76 1929: The Count of Athlon, Princess Alice, and the Elephant Hunt 78 Health Problems 81 In South Africa 82 Nwa Mahlanguana, Traditional Healer and Diviner 83 The Story of Thui-Thui 84 A Strange Communiqu6 87 Santaca and the Cotton Rebellion 87 Siguidana, the Snake Charmer 90 Jolo Albasini, the Grdmio Africano, and 0 Brado Africano 91 Anjuman Anuaril Isslamo 94 The Congresso Nacional Africano 96 "Tea Meetings," or Timite 97 The Instituto Negr6filo 98 About Brown Paulo Dulela 99 The Story of Karel Pott 100 Jos( Cantine Gabriel Dos Santos 101 A Brief Note about Jos6 Joaquim Mansidio 102 RobertMachava 103 Nwa Xiyakelamunga and Sommerschield 104 Assimilation 105 Editor's Notes 106 CHAPTER FOUR 1936 to 1961 117 Moamba 117 The "Native" Tax 118 1940: Second Marriage 120 Life's Joys and Sorrows 122 The Premier Cotton Estates and The Problem of Land Ownership 123 The "Justice of Solomon" 124 An Episode of Espionage 124 A Case of Near Murder 125 Ritual Murder 127 TheStoryofNwaPamula 127 From "Native" To "Non-Native," Automatically 129 Escola de Artes e Oficios 130 Farming and a Little Business to Make Ends Meet 131 Clube Da Moamba and the Grupo Desportivo Africano do Sibie 132 CONTENTS vii The Catholic Church and a Primary School for Africans 133 People From Moamba 134 The Farmers' Cooperative of Tsombene 137 The Colonial Administration 138 My Son Ra(il 139 Reading and Storytelling and Our Family Life 141 Eduardo Mondlane 142 The Imprisonment of Indians 145 Editor's Notes 146 CHAPTER FIVE 1962 to Independence in 1975 153 My Arrest by the PIDE, the Secret Police 153 The Centro Associativo dos Negros and the Nicleo Dos Estudantes 159 Other Associations 161 Life in the Shantytowns of Lourengo Marques 163 The Imprisonment of My Son Luis and Life in Lourengo Marques 164 1968: The Trip to Portugal 166 1972: The Burial of Zedequias Manganhela 168 1975: The Trip to Tanzania 169 Editor's Notes 171 Epilogue 175 Further Readings 177 Photographs and Maps PHOTOGRAPHS Rafil Honwana, South Africa, 1930 6 RaW1 and Naly Honwana, Xipamanine, 1964 7 The Honwana Family, circa 1976 7 MA4PS Southern Mozambique, circa 1905 34 Mozambique in 1975 154 Acknowledgment It would be impossible to thank properly all the individuals who provided valuable assistance in the course of this study. Susan Geiger, Barbara Isaacman, Gerald Bender, Charles Pike, Anton Rosenthal, and Salim Wanambisi made valuable criticisms of an earlier draft of the introduction. Jeanne Penvenne provided important insights and data derived from her pioneering research on southern Mozambique. She also meticulously read the entire manuscript and made a number of suggestions I have incorporated into the text and notes. I have benefited from long autobiographical discussions with Paulo Zucula and Carmen Medeiros, who were born in Gaza and Niassa provinces, respectively, and are currently studying at the University of Minnesota. I would also like to thank Tamara Bender, who not only did an outstanding job translating and editing the text, but was a wonderful intellectual companion who grappled with many of the complex issues in this book. My profound thanks to Gita Honwana, the driving force behind this project, and to Naly Honwana, Luis Bernardo Honwana, Rafil Honwana, Jr. and Maria Violante (Tina) for all their time and effort. Funds from the Graduate School and the College of Liberal Arts of the University of Minnesota as well as the National Endowment of the Humanities helped me to complete this project. In the final analysis, I remain profoundly indebted to RaOil Honwana, a patriot and teacher. Allen Isaacman Introduction Rail Honwana was born in 1905. He has lived through and participated in many of the important events that have shaped Mozambican history. From this perspective his autobiography has significance as a "marker of transition" from colonialism to independence.' In 1983, at the age of seventy-eight, he set out to tell his story. A man of prodigious memory and fiercely proud of his African heritage and Mozambican identity, Honwana sought "to preserve the past and to remind the young people of Mozambique of the long and rich history that antedated the armed struggle." He was particularly concerned "that the contributions of men such as Jolo Albasini, Robert Machava, as well as the founders of the Instituto Negr6filo and the Congresso Nacional Africano who fought against racial oppression not be forgotten."2 First published in 1985,* Honwana's book was both widely acclaimed and somewhat controversial. His story provides a unique view into colonial Mozambique. In the process, he addresses a number of important issues, including the role of "assimilados," the ways in which racism structured the daily lives of non-Europeans regardless of their class position, and the variety of mechanisms that Africans used to cope with and struggle against colonial oppression.
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