DOCSLIB.ORG

Civilizing Africa” in Portuguese Narratives of the 1870’S and 1880’S Luísa Leal De Faria

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Civilizing Africa” in Portuguese Narratives of the 1870’S and 1880’S Luísa Leal De Faria Empire Building and Modernity Organização Adelaide Meira Serras Lisboa 2011 EMPIRE BUILDING AND MODERNITY ORGANIZAÇÃO Adelaide Meira Serras CAPA, PAGINAÇÃO E ARTE FINAL Inês Mateus Imagem na capa The British Empire, 1886, M. P. Formerly EDIÇÃO Centro de Estudos Anglísticos da Universidade de Lisboa IMPRESSÃO E ACABAMENTO TEXTYPE TIRAGEM 200 exemplares ISBN 978-972-8886-17-2 DEPÓSITO LEGAL 335129/11 PUBLICAÇÃO APOIADA PELA FUNDAÇÃO PARA A CIÊNCIA E A TECNOLOGIA ÍNDICE Foreword Luísa Leal de Faria . 7 Empire and cultural appropriation. African artifacts and the birth of museums Cristina Baptista . 9 Here nor there: writing outside the mother tongue Elleke Boehmer . 21 In Black and White. “Civilizing Africa” in Portuguese narratives of the 1870’s and 1880’s Luísa Leal de Faria . 31 Inverted Priorities: L. T. Hobhouse’s Critical Voice in the Context of Imperial Expansion Carla Larouco Gomes . 45 Ways of Reading Victoria’s Empire Teresa de Ataíde Malafaia . 57 “Buy the World a Coke:” Rang de Basanti and Coca-colonisation Ana Cristina Mendes . 67 New Imperialism, Colonial Masculinity and the Science of Race Iolanda Ramos . 77 Challenges and Deadlocks in the Making of the Third Portuguese Empire (1875-1930) José Miguel Sardica . 105 The History of the Sevarambians: The Colonial Utopian Novel, a Challenge to the 18th Century English Culture Adelaide Meira Serras . 129 Isaiah Berlin and the Anglo-American Predicament Elisabete Mendes Silva . 143 Nabobs and the Foundation of the British Empire in India Isabel Simões-Ferreira . 155 Foreword ollowing the organization, in 2009, of the first conference on The British Empire: Ideology, Perspectives, Perception, the Research Group dedicated Fto Culture Studies at the University of the Lisbon Centre for English Studies organized, in 2010, a second conference under the general title Empire Building and Modernity. This conference constitutes the second part of a three year project undertaken by the group, which will be followed, in 2011, by a third initiative, called Reviewing Imperial Conflicts. The proceedings of the second conference are now presented in this book. Empire Building and Modernity gives a larger scope to the original project, which was developed more strictly around the British Empire, and provides the opportunity to deal with questions related to the formation of modern European empires, namely the Portuguese Colonial Empire. The different chapters in this book reveal a variety of approaches that are very often at the cutting edge of the methodologies adopted in cultural studies, particularly in the field of post-colonial studies. The building of new perceptions on imperial issues interpreted through literature, the visual arts, history and political science, the role of museums, questions of gender and race and the construction of identity through language constitute the guidelines of the contributions presented in this volume. I hope you will enjoy reading it as much as we enjoyed discussing the issues that contributed to its making. Luísa Leal de Faria 7 Empire and cultural appropriation. African artifacts and the birth of museums Cristina Baptista University of Lisbon Centre for English Studies (ULICES) EMPIRE BUILDING AND MODERNITY, Lisboa, 2011 Empire and cultural appropriation. African artifacts and the birth of museums I – Introduction Colonial relationship allowed the British Empire to take possession of a vast spoil of artefacts in the colonies with the purpose of exhibiting it in museums at home. My purpose in this paper will be analysing the conditions and arguments that made possible and also legitimate the removal of artefacts from Egypt, during the imperial occupation, to «feed» the holdings of central museums in Britain, instrumental to Victorian culture and, therefore, crucial to Victorian identity. Theoretical production about this issue — cultural property — is paramount. I will try a Cultural Studies approach to it. Why a paper about museums, one might ask, in a conference under the title Empire Building and Modernity? And, furthermore, why Victorian museums? Concerning this issue, I will quote Barbara Black, in On Exhibit. Victorians and their museums, to enlighten the question, The museum served to legitimate Britain’s power at home and across the globe. It grew implicit with British imperialism, housing the spoils of colonization and guarding the growing perimeter of the British Empire. (Black 2000: 11) Therefore, the link between museums and modernity is inextricable — as Barbara Black stresses — in the sense that they are a response to the new world order, and an attempt of producing meaning, about what Victorians felt their role their time was; on the other hand, the fact of being open to visitors, a contro - versial issue in the Victorian Era, meets the concept of modernity. This meant breaking from the past, when objects of art, part of private collections, were kept from the reach of the population and enclosed in palaces and mansions. The museum provides a critical approach to the history of the past, through the exhibition of large collections of objects, formerly private, as the British Museum was the case, which at a given moment became public 11 EMPIRE BUILDING AND MODERNITY spaces with open access to the population. The shift of the placing of objects provides them with a whole different function, from objects of delight of just a few to powerful symbolic role in a narrative of the nation, intended for the whole population. As Maria Emília Fonseca stresses in The Tree of Life, what is at stake in the exhibitionary practice in a museum is that the work of art becomes a potential producer of internal articulation and of meaning(s). (Fonseca 2007: 10) II – Museums, empire and modernity. Victorians and their museums Museums represented thus an important role in British imperial identity, which included the colonies and occupied countries as part of a larger space that had to be represented in these exhibitionary spaces, turned into a reference of the global power, symbolic or effective, of that small country. When questioning the legitimacy of the appropriation of artefacts in the colonies, particularly in Egypt, one has to look at the colonial relation as an environment that presupposes and validates appropriation. The latter presumes European cultural superiority — defended by ideologists of imperialism, like Thomas Babington Macaulay, an example among many. As Tawadros states, it is in museums, namely, that this cultural superiority is most striking: The notion of western culture as inherently progressive, sophisticated and, above all, superior… remains firmly imbebbed in the cultural institutions of western Europe, not least in its museums. (Tawadros 1990: 30-1) This notion of cultural superiority and concepts like the guard, cataloging, identification and restoring, for further exhibition and, ultimately, the salvation of monuments and artefacts, namely African, legitimated the removal of these artefacts out of their original context, on behalf of a transposition to a new one, inside museums, were — Victorians believed — they should be, for it is there they are appreciated. Victorian museums provided thus a broad and diversified insight of the empire, materialized in the exhibition of artefacts of different origins and of an apparently unquestioned sense of belonging. Besides, Victorians loved collecting. Therefore, the museum, not only the space, as its holdings, fulfils the viewer’s imagination, moved by the beauty and the exotic of the exhibited artefacts. This is why, at the time, a museum was considered a «cabinet of curiosities», were the treasures of the nation were displayed, and were represented the attitudes and perspectives of the 12 EMPIRE AND CULTURAL APPROPRIATION. AFRICAN ARTIFACTS AND THE BIRTH OF MUSEUMS dominant cultures, consisting of a material proof of the cultural endeavours. This love of collections had given way to large private holdings, later sheltered in public museums, once the practice of collecting is profoundly rooted in European tradition, as Susan Pearce states. The motivation behind this attitude includes a range from the celebration of the triumph of war, to the practice of collecting art for the art. (Pearce 1995) Let’s now hear the arguments of the removal. In 1835, Saint-Maur, a member of the Comission Superiéure de Bâtiments à Vapeur, an entity belonging to the shipbuilding industry, is quoted by Reid, in resuming the main argument of the removal of artefacts from Egypt: France, snatching an obelisk from the ever heightening mud of the Nile, or the savage ignorance of the Turks, earns a right to the thanks of the learned of Europe, to whom belong all the monuments of antiquity, because they alone know how to appreciate them. Antiquity is a garden that belongs by natural right to those who cultivate and harvest its fruits. (Saint-Maur 1835 apud Reid 2002: 1) Being the process of appropriation crucial in the birth of museums — for without it they would not have part of their most important holdings —, it is therefore determined by the colonial relationship. Concepts like the ones used before appear within a conceptual framework of keywords as colonialism and imperialism we are all familiar with in the field of Postcolonial Studies, within the wider frame of Cultural Studies; anyway, I would quote David Spurr, in Ashcroft et al., in the definition of appropriation, described as a process: This process [the appropriation] is sometimes used to describe the strategy by which the dominant imperial power incorporates as its own the territory or culture that it surveys or invades. (Spurr 1993: 28 apud Ashcroft 2000/2004: 19) Appropriation, thus, is rooted in the general notion that the artefacts are left to neglect and lack of appreciation in the places of origin. To look into this argument, let’s search in Mr. Budge’s memoirs, for a specific example of how monuments and artefacts were removed from Egypt, and the attitude towards local heritage that this British subject encountered in his several missions in the East.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Roteiro Do Museu Museum Guide MONEY MUSEUM BANCO DE PORTUGAL
    MUSEU DO DINHEIRO roteiro do museu museum guide MONEY MUSEUM BANCO DE PORTUGAL O Museu do Dinheiro apresenta a história do dinheiro pondo em paralelo a evolução das sociedades, no ocidente e no oriente, e as relações entre os indivíduos e o meio. Único na sua vocação, o museu expõe as coleções de numismática e notafilia do Banco de Portugal, alguns objetos de enquadramento e dispositivos virtuais de contextualização. A museografia assenta em núcleos temáticos que focam os pré-monetários e outros meios de pagamento, estórias de moedas singulares, a iconografia do din- heiro, a evolução da banca, o fabrico da nota e da moeda, as ilustrações das notas, os elementos de segurança e testemunhos pessoais sobre o papel do dinheiro na vida do cidadão. Este breve roteiro tem o propósito de fundamentar a interpretação dos temas que constituem a narrativa do museu. Permite ao visitante saber mais sobre objetos, conteúdos e espaços, assim como orientar o seu percurso pelo museu. A seleção feita apresenta obras de referência da coleção, privilegia diferentes tipologias e revela peças que ilustram vários períodos históricos, origens ou aspetos curiosos e marcantes da história do dinheiro. The Money Museum presents the history of money side-by-side with the evolution of western and eastern societies and the relation- ships between individuals and money. Unique in its mission, the museum exhibits the numismatic and paper money collections of the Banco de Portugal, some contextual objects, and virtual devices. The museum design rests upon thematic units focused on pre-monetary instruments and other means of payment, stories of exception- al coins, the iconography of money, the evolution of the banking system, the manufacture of paper money and coins, the illustrations on banknotes, security features, and personal stories about the role of money in the lives of people.
    [Show full text]
  • J-PV Golden Reviewers List 2020
    1512 IEEE JOURNAL OF PHOTOVOLTAICS, VOL. 10, NO. 06, NOVEMBER 2020 Golden List Last Name First Name Institution Country Abdulrazzaq Ali Kareem Budapest University of Technology and Economics Hungary Abe Caio Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos Brazil Abed Issa Southern Technical University Iraq Ablekim Tursun National Renewable Energy Laboratory United States Abu-Siada Ahmed Curtin University Australia Abusnina Mohamed University of Denver United States Ademulegun Oluwasola University of Ulster Faculty of Computing and Engineering United Kingdom Adinolfi Giovanna ENEA Italy Aeberhard Urs Forschungszentrum Julich¨ GmbH Germany Agarwal Anshul National Institute of Technology Delhi India Ahangharnejhad Ramez University of Toledo United States Ahmad S. H. A. University of Queensland Australia Ahmed Jubaer Swinburne University of Technology - Sarawak Campus Malaysia Ahmed Nuha University of Delaware United States Ahrenkiel Richard K. Colorado School of Mines United States Ajewole Titus Osun State University Nigeria Akey Austin Harvard University Center for Nanoscale Systems United States Akin Seckin Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University Turkey Alam Mohammed Ford Motor company United States Albin David National Renewable Energy Laboratory United States Alcubilla Ramon Polytechnic University of Catalonia Spain Algora Carlos Catedratico de Universidad Spain Allen Thomas King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Saudi Arabia Altermatt Pietro Changzhou Trina Solar Energy Ltd China Alves dos Reis Benatto Gisele Technical University of Denmark
    [Show full text]
  • O Maior Burlão De Todos Os Tempos > >
    1 GESTÃO DE FRAUDE CRÓNICA VISÃO ELECTRÓNICA Nº 238 / 2013-08-08 http://www.gestaodefraude.eu João Pedro Martins > > O maior burlão de todos os tempos Alves dos Reis é considerado o maior burlão da História de Portugal. O resto são amadores que tentaram plagiar a obra de um artista inigualável. Este humilde cidadão português, com apenas 18 anos já tinha fal- sificado o diploma do curso de engenharia passado pela Polyte- chnic School of Engineering, uma escola politécnica inglesa que nunca existiu em Oxford. Sócrates e Relvas recorreram ao fator cunha para concluírem as licenciaturas, quando já tinham idade para serem avôs de Alves dos Reis. Além disso, ocupavam cargos políticos e limitaram-se a copiar, com mais de cem anos de atraso, uma ideia genial e ainda por cima sem a originalidade de escolherem a chancela de uma universidade com um nome pomposo, como Independent Uni- versity of Lisbon ou Lusophone University. Alves dos Reis, ao contrário dos banqueiros e dos políticos que lideraram Portugal nas últimas três décadas, não fez desaparecer dinheiro do erário público com destino a paraísos fiscais. Ele fez circular mais 200 mil notas de 500 escudos, quantia que na épo- ca correspondia a 1% do PIB português. Alves dos Reis não falsificou notas de 500 escudos com máquinas tipográficas escondidas na cave de um prédio antigo. Ele falsificou assinaturas para conseguir de forma ilegítima que a Waterlow & Sons Limited, a casa impressora do Banco de Portugal (BdP), emi- tisse 200 mil notas de um lote não autorizado pelo BdP. As notas eram autênticas e tinham imprimido numa das faces a efígie do navegador Vasco da Gama.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Elections 2014 New Members Approved by the Council
    Elections 2014 New members approved by the council: ORDINARY AND FOREIGN PROPOSALS Sect. Full name Country A1 History & Archaeology (17) c. Renate Pieper A1 1. Álvarez Junco José Spain A1 2 Geoffrey Bailey UK A1 3 Gérard Bossuat France A1 4 ISABEL-MAURA BURDIEL Spain A1 5 Robin Dennell UK A1 6 Jos Gommans Netherlands A1 7 Slavko Kacunko Denmark A1 8 Margit Kern Germany A1 9 Marek Kornat Poland A1 10 Gabriele Lingelbach Germany A1 11 Elio Lo Cascio Italy A1 12 Paolo Malanima Italy A1 13 Giorgio Riello UK A1 14 Bogdan SZLACHTA Poland A1 15 Manon Van der Heijden Netherlands A1 16 Eric Vanhaute Belgium A1 17 James Walvin UK A10 Economics, Business & Management Sciences c. P. Nijkamp) (5) A10 2 Richard Blundell UK A10 3 Vincent Crawford UK 1 Sect. Full name Country A10 4 Jan Eeckhout UK A10 5 Frederick van der Ploeg UK A2 Classics & Oriental Studies (12) c. Harm Pinkster A2 1 Øivind Andersen Norway A2 2 John Briscoe UK A2 5 Marcus Deufert Germany A2 6 Eleanor Dickey UK A2 7 Johannes Haubold UK A2 8 Geoffrey Khan UK A2 9 Paolo Liverani Italy A2 10 Gesine Manuwald UK A2 11 Timon Screech UK A2 12 Jakob Wisse UK A3 Linguistic Studies (17) c. Alain Peyraube A3 1 Isabelle BRIL France A3 3 Didier Demolin France A3 4 Konrad Ehlich Germany A3 5 András Kertész Hungary A3 6 Bernd Kortmann Germany A3 8 Shalom Lappin UK A3 9 Melanie Malzahn Austria A3 10 William McGregor Denmark A3 12 Stefan Müller Germany A3 14 Tobias Scheer France A3 15 Klaus von Heusinger Germany A3 17 Ulrike Zeshan UK 2 Sect.
    [Show full text]
  • Expert at a Distance
    EXPERT AT A DISTANCE BARBOSA DU BOCAGE AND THE PRODUCTION OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE ON AFRICA Catarina Madruga CIUHCT ‒ Centro Interuniversitário de História das Ciências e da Tecnologia Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal [email protected] ABSTRACT: The career of José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage (1823‒1907) as director of the Zoological Section of the Museu Nacional de Lisboa (National Museum of Lisbon) followed by the presidency of the Society of Geography of Lisbon is presented in this paper as an example of transfer of expertise between scientific fields, specifically from zoology to geography. Additionally, it explores the connection between scientific credit and political recognition, in the sense of the conflation of Bocage’s taxonomical and zoogeographical work with the colonial agenda of his time. Although Bocage himself never visited Africa, he was part of a generation of Africanists who were members of the Portuguese elite dedicated to African matters and considered exemplary custodians of the political and diplomatic Portuguese international position regarding its African territories. Keywords: Expertise, zoogeography, science and empire, Africa, nineteenth century INTRODUCTION: BARBOSA DU BOCAGE, A NATURALIST QUA GEOGRAPHER In February 1883, the cover of the Diario Illustrado, a Lisbon daily newspaper, featured an article dedicated to José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage (1823‒1907) a member of the Portuguese scientific and political elite, and a well-known zoologist.1 The illustrated text is 1 Alberto Rocha, “Dr. Bocage,” Diario Illustrado, (February 12) 1883, 3508: 1‒2. For a periodisation and analysis of the biographical notes dedicated to Bocage see: Catarina Madruga, José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage (1823-1907).
    [Show full text]
  • The Portuguese in South Africa; with a Description of the Native Races
    The Portuguese in South Africa; with a description of the native races between the river Zambesi and the Cape of Good Hope during the sixteenth century by George M'Call Theal Author(s: Theal, George McCall, 1837-191 Published by: Negro Universities Press Persistent URL: URI:http://hdl.handle.net/10316.2/35399 Accessed : 8-Oct-2021 22:24:52 The browsing of UC Digitalis, UC Pombalina and UC Impactum and the consultation and download of titles contained in them presumes full and unreserved acceptance of the Terms and Conditions of Use, available at https://digitalis.uc.pt/en/terms_and_conditions. As laid out in the Terms and Conditions of Use, the download of restricted-access titles requires a valid licence, and the document(s) should be accessed from the IP address of the licence-holding institution. Downloads are for personal use only. The use of downloaded titles for any another purpose, such as commercial, requires authorization from the author or publisher of the work. As all the works of UC Digitalis are protected by Copyright and Related Rights, and other applicable legislation, any copying, total or partial, of this document, where this is legally permitted, must contain or be accompanied by a notice to this effect. almamater.uc.pt digitalis.uc.pt IN SOUTH AFRICA. 283 concluded between the governments of Portugal and of the South African Eepublic, as the state established by the emigrant farmers from the Cape Colony was called, and in it a boundary line was fixed from the parallel of 26° 30' south latitude along the highest ridge of the Lebombo mountains to the centre of the lower poort of Komati, where the river of that name passes through the range, thence in a straight line about north by east to Pokioenskop on the northern bank of the Olifants river where it passes through the mountains, thence in a direction about north-west by north to the nearest point of the mountains of Chacundo on the Umvubu river, and thence in a straight line to the junction of the Pafuri and Limpopo rivers.
    [Show full text]
  • G-Ccza Kingdom S
    /\fotes on ihe Xritetn Structure of ihe G-ccza kingdom S. MozPumhio 1 8 1 4 0 — f895 Q .U e ^ a n a UNIVERSITY of ZIMBABWE MUYersity ARCHIVES 178 NOTES ON THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE GAZA KINGDOM OF SOUTHERN MOZAMBIQUE 1840-1895 by GERHARD LIESEGANG 1 The state of the Gaza Nguni vaa a complex social formation with a dominant society in the centre and societies which were dominated to various degrees on the periphery. The political and cultural impact of the Nguni was strongest near the capital (and in the south) and faint near the borders. Succession, m arriage, bridepi^ce etc. differed among the dominated societies and reflected ethnic traditions adapted to local conditions (e. g. in those areas where tripanosomiasis was prevalent there could be no brideprice in cattle). Social relations in the areas where the dominant group lived were characterized by the presence of distinct social strata and a large number of captives in the process of distribution and incorporation into the dominant society. Any description of the Gaza political and social system has to take this complexity into account. The central Gaza society was socially stra ified and so were the nearly autonomous chieftainships near the borders. To some extent this was a colonial situation and it is not surprising that some Shona historians, perhaps following nationalist oial tradition, have tended to deny or minimize Gaza 3 influence near Zimbabwe's eastern borders. It seems that by the 1890's the domination of the centre was justi­ fied by the ruling strata in term s of ethnic superiority and the superior 4 quality of the Nguni military system , as well as by previous m ilitary conquest and submission .of the local populations, e.
    [Show full text]
  • Primary Solidarities and the Colonial Past in Mozambique VIBRANT - Vibrant Virtual Brazilian Anthropology, Vol
    VIBRANT - Vibrant Virtual Brazilian Anthropology E-ISSN: 1809-4341 [email protected] Associação Brasileira de Antropologia Brasil de Pina-Cabral, João Listing Rivers and Train Stations: Primary Solidarities and the Colonial Past in Mozambique VIBRANT - Vibrant Virtual Brazilian Anthropology, vol. 2, núm. 1-2, diciembre, 2005, pp. 27-53 Associação Brasileira de Antropologia Brasília, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=406941900003 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative 27 Listing Rivers and Train Stations: Primary Solidarities and the Colonial Past in Mozambique João de Pina-Cabral 1 Summary In understanding present-day Mozambique, stress is usually placed on the colonial/postcolonial temporal boundary as a foundational moment. Colonialism, socialist post colonialism and the present capitalist period appear to annul each other in succession through a chain of successive acts of overcoming. This paper argues that this gives rise to a number of incongruities, for it hides the way in which social persons are linked to historical processes via their primary solidarities. The past and the present are constantly being re-mixed into conglomerates of experience, where each component becomes largely indissociable from the others. The past and the present constantly visit each other in human experience. It is argued that only thus can one make sense of the claims to elite status that are witnessed today. 1 Institute of Social Sciences,University of Lisbon,October 2004.
    [Show full text]
  • Territory Spatio-Historical Approaches to State Formation
    2 Territory Spatio-Historical Approaches to State Formation Every human society has some sort of territorial structure. … In studying political organization, we have to deal with the maintenance or establishment of social order, within a territorial framework, by the organized exercise of coercive authority through the use, or the possibility of use, of physical force. A. R. Radcliffe-Brown (1955 [1940]: xiv) What does the notion of territory entail for state formation? As Elden (2013) has made clear in his recent genealogy of territory, it may be seen as a spatial extension of state power. While Elden’s point is crucial, in this chapter I will entertain the idea that the colonial state form is not different in its key dynamics from later state forms, as well as cer- tain African polities, and in this way the chapter challenges the idea of the colonial state as radically different from earlier or later state forms. While basing myself on information from Manica Province, the empiri- cal material expands beyond these demarcations and involves also cru- cial elements from the greater Shona-speaking area, Southern Rhodesia and Zimbabwe, Malawi, South Africa, and other areas. Manica Province is, thus, part of a much larger political fi eld. Theoretically, of course, there is a long-standing interest in a territo- rial approach to past and present formations of state. As, for example, Foucault (2007 [2004]: 96]) argues, sovereignty is exercised on a terri- Berghahn Open Access Edition- Not for Resale Territory 57 tory and, consequently, on its inhabitants. In the characteristic manner of the Foucauldian genealogy, this notion of territory is integral to a for- mative triangular order that also comprises security and population— an order crucial to his overall analysis of biopower and the state form.
    [Show full text]
  • History, Cartography and Science: the Present Day Importance of the Mapping of Mozambique in the 19Th Century
    History, Cartography and Science: The Present Day Importance of the Mapping of Mozambique in the 19th Century Ana Cristina ROQUE and Paula SANTOS, Portugal Key words: Cartography, History, Mozambique SUMMARY In the late 19th century Mozambique territory was subjected to deep systematic surveys in order to map both the coastal situation and all the territory proclaimed under Portuguese sovereignty. Although trying to respond efficiently to the Berlin Conference decisions of 1885, Portuguese were committed, since 1883, in the making of an Atlas of the overseas territories claimed to be under Portuguese control since the 16th century. This claim was particularly relevant for the East African Coast where those territories were in the mid 19th century disputed by the British and the Germans. Within this scenario and to sustain the Portuguese pretensions, the Portuguese government created in 1883 the Portuguese Commission of Cartography (PCC), an operative institution that should bring together the mapping of the colonial overseas territories and the necessary studies to support it. The first missions were carried out in Mozambique, as early as 1884, and they marked the beginning of a series of survey and scientific missions. The result was the entire recognition of the coast and the production of the first hydrographic maps on this specific area. As the PPC ensured both the cartographic coverage of the coast and of the inland, the analysis and evaluation of its work must consider either the scientific methods and instruments used or the cooperation work with Navy, responsible for the permanent and update survey of the coast, and with he Army and the special Commissions for the Delimitations of the Frontiers of the different areas of Mozambique operating in the territory at the time.
    [Show full text]
  • Timeline / 1870 to After 1930 / PORTUGAL
    Timeline / 1870 to After 1930 / PORTUGAL Date Country Theme 1870 Portugal Reforms And Social Changes Publication of Joao de Deus’s Cartilha Maternal, a beginner’s reading book that was to be in use for a long time. João de Deus was a follower of Maria Montessori’s pedagogical theories and founded in Portugal the “Escola Nova” movement. 1872 - 1874 Portugal Fine And Applied Arts O Desterrado (The Outcast), a sculpture by António Soares dos Reis (1847–89) is an idealised self-portrait. It conveys the collective feelings of his contemporary intellectuals and the feelings of loneliness and longing common to those who had left their homeland. The sculptor’s romantic sensibility enabled him to shape feelings and psychological tensions in the marble. 1873 Portugal Reforms And Social Changes A primary school building to be built in wood attracts the attention of visitors to the Portuguese stand at the “Weltausstellung” (world exposition) in Vienna. 1875 - 1876 Portugal Economy And Trade In 1875 the French government convenes the Diplomatic Conference of the Metre that proclaims the Metre Convention. Portugal receives the tenth copies of the metric and kilogram standards. 1875 Portugal Travelling Aware that Portuguese empirical knowledge of Central Africa was being overtaken by other countries, the “Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa” is founded to "promote and assist the study and progress of geography and related sciences in Portugal". To raise awareness of the colonial Portuguese possessions in Africa and Asia was also a goal. 1876 - 1881 Portugal Cities And Urban Spaces The "Urban General Improvements Plan for Lisbon" (Commission of 1876–81) designs wide, straight roads – modern boulevards – to define orthogonal blocks for buildings, with roundabouts, pavements, vegetation and street furniture namely at Avenida 24 de Julho, Avenida da Liberdade and covering the area from Picoas to Campo Grande.
    [Show full text]
  • A Ideia De Império Na Propaganda Do Estado Novo Autor(Es): Garcia
    A ideia de império na propaganda do Estado Novo Autor(es): Garcia, José Luís Lima Publicado por: Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra URL persistente: URI:http://hdl.handle.net/10316.2/42061 DOI: DOI:https://doi.org/10.14195/2183-8925_14_18 Accessed : 9-Oct-2021 20:10:23 A navegação consulta e descarregamento dos títulos inseridos nas Bibliotecas Digitais UC Digitalis, UC Pombalina e UC Impactum, pressupõem a aceitação plena e sem reservas dos Termos e Condições de Uso destas Bibliotecas Digitais, disponíveis em https://digitalis.uc.pt/pt-pt/termos. Conforme exposto nos referidos Termos e Condições de Uso, o descarregamento de títulos de acesso restrito requer uma licença válida de autorização devendo o utilizador aceder ao(s) documento(s) a partir de um endereço de IP da instituição detentora da supramencionada licença. Ao utilizador é apenas permitido o descarregamento para uso pessoal, pelo que o emprego do(s) título(s) descarregado(s) para outro fim, designadamente comercial, carece de autorização do respetivo autor ou editor da obra. Na medida em que todas as obras da UC Digitalis se encontram protegidas pelo Código do Direito de Autor e Direitos Conexos e demais legislação aplicável, toda a cópia, parcial ou total, deste documento, nos casos em que é legalmente admitida, deverá conter ou fazer-se acompanhar por este aviso. impactum.uc.pt digitalis.uc.pt Revista de Historia das Ideias JOSÉ LUÍS LIMA GARCIA Vol. 14 (1992) A IDEIA DE IMPÉRIO NA PROPAGANDA DO ESTADO NOVO 1. O Estatuto Jurídico do Império no Estado Novo Quando inserimos esta problemática, no cerne da investigação que presentemente realizamos, fazemo-lo corn a expectativa e a dúvida cartesianas que sempre deverão presidir como hipóteses de trabalho, a uma qualquer investigação.
    [Show full text]