Do Mfecane Ao Estado De Gaza
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University of the Witwatersrand
UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND AFRICAN STUDIES INSTITUTE African Studies Seminar Paper to be presented in RW 4.00pm MARCH 1984 Title: The Case Against the Mfecane. by: Julian Cobbing No. 144 UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND AFRICAN STUDIES INSTITUTE African studies Seminar Paper to be presented at Seminar in RW 319 at 4,00 pm on Monday, 5 March 1984 THE CASE AGAINST THE MFECANE by. QuJJjun Cobbing. By the 1970s the mfecane had become one of the most widely abused terms in southern African historical literature. Let the reader attempt a simple definition of the mfecane, for instance. This is not such an easy task. From one angle the mfecane was the Nguni diaspora which from the early 1820s took Nguni raiding communities such as the Ndebele, the Ngoni and the Gaza over a huge region of south-central Africa reaching as far north as Lake Tanzania. Africanists stress the positive features of the movement. As Ajayi observed in 1968: 'When we consider all the implications of the expansions of Bantu-speaking peoples there can he no doubt that the theory of stagnation has no basis whatsoever.' A closely related, though different, mfecane centres on Zululand and the figure of Shaka. It has become a revolutionary process internal to Nguni society which leads to the development of the ibutho and the tributary mode of production. Shaka is a heroic figure providing a positive historical example and some self-respect for black South Africans today. But inside these wider definitions another mfecane more specific- ally referring to the impact of Nguni raiders (the Nedbele, Hlubi and Ngwane) on the Sotho west of the Drakensberg. -
11010329.Pdf
THE RISE, CONSOLIDATION AND DISINTEGRATION OF DLAMINI POWER IN SWAZILAND BETWEEN 1820 AND 1889. A study in the relationship of foreign affairs to internal political development. Philip Lewis Bonner. ProQuest Number: 11010329 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11010329 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ABSTRACT The Swazi kingdom grew out of the pressures associated with competition for trade and for the rich resources of Shiselweni. While centred on this area it acquired some of its characteristic features - notably a regimental system, and the dominance of a Dlamini aristocracy. Around 1815 the Swazi came under pressure from the South, and were forced to colonise the land lying north of the Lusutfu. Here they remained for some years a nation under arms, as they plundered local peoples, and were themselves swept about by the currents of the Mfecane. In time a more settled administration emerged, as the aristocracy spread out from the royal centres at Ezulwini, and this process accelerated under Mswati as he subdued recalcitrant chiefdoms, and restructured the regiments. -
Civilizing Africa” in Portuguese Narratives of the 1870’S and 1880’S Luísa Leal De Faria
Empire Building and Modernity Organização Adelaide Meira Serras Lisboa 2011 EMPIRE BUILDING AND MODERNITY ORGANIZAÇÃO Adelaide Meira Serras CAPA, PAGINAÇÃO E ARTE FINAL Inês Mateus Imagem na capa The British Empire, 1886, M. P. Formerly EDIÇÃO Centro de Estudos Anglísticos da Universidade de Lisboa IMPRESSÃO E ACABAMENTO TEXTYPE TIRAGEM 200 exemplares ISBN 978-972-8886-17-2 DEPÓSITO LEGAL 335129/11 PUBLICAÇÃO APOIADA PELA FUNDAÇÃO PARA A CIÊNCIA E A TECNOLOGIA ÍNDICE Foreword Luísa Leal de Faria . 7 Empire and cultural appropriation. African artifacts and the birth of museums Cristina Baptista . 9 Here nor there: writing outside the mother tongue Elleke Boehmer . 21 In Black and White. “Civilizing Africa” in Portuguese narratives of the 1870’s and 1880’s Luísa Leal de Faria . 31 Inverted Priorities: L. T. Hobhouse’s Critical Voice in the Context of Imperial Expansion Carla Larouco Gomes . 45 Ways of Reading Victoria’s Empire Teresa de Ataíde Malafaia . 57 “Buy the World a Coke:” Rang de Basanti and Coca-colonisation Ana Cristina Mendes . 67 New Imperialism, Colonial Masculinity and the Science of Race Iolanda Ramos . 77 Challenges and Deadlocks in the Making of the Third Portuguese Empire (1875-1930) José Miguel Sardica . 105 The History of the Sevarambians: The Colonial Utopian Novel, a Challenge to the 18th Century English Culture Adelaide Meira Serras . 129 Isaiah Berlin and the Anglo-American Predicament Elisabete Mendes Silva . 143 Nabobs and the Foundation of the British Empire in India Isabel Simões-Ferreira . 155 Foreword ollowing the organization, in 2009, of the first conference on The British Empire: Ideology, Perspectives, Perception, the Research Group dedicated Fto Culture Studies at the University of the Lisbon Centre for English Studies organized, in 2010, a second conference under the general title Empire Building and Modernity. -
Early History of South Africa
THE EARLY HISTORY OF SOUTH AFRICA EVOLUTION OF AFRICAN SOCIETIES . .3 SOUTH AFRICA: THE EARLY INHABITANTS . .5 THE KHOISAN . .6 The San (Bushmen) . .6 The Khoikhoi (Hottentots) . .8 BLACK SETTLEMENT . .9 THE NGUNI . .9 The Xhosa . .10 The Zulu . .11 The Ndebele . .12 The Swazi . .13 THE SOTHO . .13 The Western Sotho . .14 The Southern Sotho . .14 The Northern Sotho (Bapedi) . .14 THE VENDA . .15 THE MASHANGANA-TSONGA . .15 THE MFECANE/DIFAQANE (Total war) Dingiswayo . .16 Shaka . .16 Dingane . .18 Mzilikazi . .19 Soshangane . .20 Mmantatise . .21 Sikonyela . .21 Moshweshwe . .22 Consequences of the Mfecane/Difaqane . .23 Page 1 EUROPEAN INTERESTS The Portuguese . .24 The British . .24 The Dutch . .25 The French . .25 THE SLAVES . .22 THE TREKBOERS (MIGRATING FARMERS) . .27 EUROPEAN OCCUPATIONS OF THE CAPE British Occupation (1795 - 1803) . .29 Batavian rule 1803 - 1806 . .29 Second British Occupation: 1806 . .31 British Governors . .32 Slagtersnek Rebellion . .32 The British Settlers 1820 . .32 THE GREAT TREK Causes of the Great Trek . .34 Different Trek groups . .35 Trichardt and Van Rensburg . .35 Andries Hendrik Potgieter . .35 Gerrit Maritz . .36 Piet Retief . .36 Piet Uys . .36 Voortrekkers in Zululand and Natal . .37 Voortrekker settlement in the Transvaal . .38 Voortrekker settlement in the Orange Free State . .39 THE DISCOVERY OF DIAMONDS AND GOLD . .41 Page 2 EVOLUTION OF AFRICAN SOCIETIES Humankind had its earliest origins in Africa The introduction of iron changed the African and the story of life in South Africa has continent irrevocably and was a large step proven to be a micro-study of life on the forwards in the development of the people. -
The Portuguese in South Africa; with a Description of the Native Races
The Portuguese in South Africa; with a description of the native races between the river Zambesi and the Cape of Good Hope during the sixteenth century by George M'Call Theal Author(s: Theal, George McCall, 1837-191 Published by: Negro Universities Press Persistent URL: URI:http://hdl.handle.net/10316.2/35399 Accessed : 8-Oct-2021 22:24:52 The browsing of UC Digitalis, UC Pombalina and UC Impactum and the consultation and download of titles contained in them presumes full and unreserved acceptance of the Terms and Conditions of Use, available at https://digitalis.uc.pt/en/terms_and_conditions. As laid out in the Terms and Conditions of Use, the download of restricted-access titles requires a valid licence, and the document(s) should be accessed from the IP address of the licence-holding institution. Downloads are for personal use only. The use of downloaded titles for any another purpose, such as commercial, requires authorization from the author or publisher of the work. As all the works of UC Digitalis are protected by Copyright and Related Rights, and other applicable legislation, any copying, total or partial, of this document, where this is legally permitted, must contain or be accompanied by a notice to this effect. almamater.uc.pt digitalis.uc.pt IN SOUTH AFRICA. 283 concluded between the governments of Portugal and of the South African Eepublic, as the state established by the emigrant farmers from the Cape Colony was called, and in it a boundary line was fixed from the parallel of 26° 30' south latitude along the highest ridge of the Lebombo mountains to the centre of the lower poort of Komati, where the river of that name passes through the range, thence in a straight line about north by east to Pokioenskop on the northern bank of the Olifants river where it passes through the mountains, thence in a direction about north-west by north to the nearest point of the mountains of Chacundo on the Umvubu river, and thence in a straight line to the junction of the Pafuri and Limpopo rivers. -
G-Ccza Kingdom S
/\fotes on ihe Xritetn Structure of ihe G-ccza kingdom S. MozPumhio 1 8 1 4 0 — f895 Q .U e ^ a n a UNIVERSITY of ZIMBABWE MUYersity ARCHIVES 178 NOTES ON THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE GAZA KINGDOM OF SOUTHERN MOZAMBIQUE 1840-1895 by GERHARD LIESEGANG 1 The state of the Gaza Nguni vaa a complex social formation with a dominant society in the centre and societies which were dominated to various degrees on the periphery. The political and cultural impact of the Nguni was strongest near the capital (and in the south) and faint near the borders. Succession, m arriage, bridepi^ce etc. differed among the dominated societies and reflected ethnic traditions adapted to local conditions (e. g. in those areas where tripanosomiasis was prevalent there could be no brideprice in cattle). Social relations in the areas where the dominant group lived were characterized by the presence of distinct social strata and a large number of captives in the process of distribution and incorporation into the dominant society. Any description of the Gaza political and social system has to take this complexity into account. The central Gaza society was socially stra ified and so were the nearly autonomous chieftainships near the borders. To some extent this was a colonial situation and it is not surprising that some Shona historians, perhaps following nationalist oial tradition, have tended to deny or minimize Gaza 3 influence near Zimbabwe's eastern borders. It seems that by the 1890's the domination of the centre was justi fied by the ruling strata in term s of ethnic superiority and the superior 4 quality of the Nguni military system , as well as by previous m ilitary conquest and submission .of the local populations, e. -
Primary Solidarities and the Colonial Past in Mozambique VIBRANT - Vibrant Virtual Brazilian Anthropology, Vol
VIBRANT - Vibrant Virtual Brazilian Anthropology E-ISSN: 1809-4341 [email protected] Associação Brasileira de Antropologia Brasil de Pina-Cabral, João Listing Rivers and Train Stations: Primary Solidarities and the Colonial Past in Mozambique VIBRANT - Vibrant Virtual Brazilian Anthropology, vol. 2, núm. 1-2, diciembre, 2005, pp. 27-53 Associação Brasileira de Antropologia Brasília, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=406941900003 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative 27 Listing Rivers and Train Stations: Primary Solidarities and the Colonial Past in Mozambique João de Pina-Cabral 1 Summary In understanding present-day Mozambique, stress is usually placed on the colonial/postcolonial temporal boundary as a foundational moment. Colonialism, socialist post colonialism and the present capitalist period appear to annul each other in succession through a chain of successive acts of overcoming. This paper argues that this gives rise to a number of incongruities, for it hides the way in which social persons are linked to historical processes via their primary solidarities. The past and the present are constantly being re-mixed into conglomerates of experience, where each component becomes largely indissociable from the others. The past and the present constantly visit each other in human experience. It is argued that only thus can one make sense of the claims to elite status that are witnessed today. 1 Institute of Social Sciences,University of Lisbon,October 2004. -
Territory Spatio-Historical Approaches to State Formation
2 Territory Spatio-Historical Approaches to State Formation Every human society has some sort of territorial structure. … In studying political organization, we have to deal with the maintenance or establishment of social order, within a territorial framework, by the organized exercise of coercive authority through the use, or the possibility of use, of physical force. A. R. Radcliffe-Brown (1955 [1940]: xiv) What does the notion of territory entail for state formation? As Elden (2013) has made clear in his recent genealogy of territory, it may be seen as a spatial extension of state power. While Elden’s point is crucial, in this chapter I will entertain the idea that the colonial state form is not different in its key dynamics from later state forms, as well as cer- tain African polities, and in this way the chapter challenges the idea of the colonial state as radically different from earlier or later state forms. While basing myself on information from Manica Province, the empiri- cal material expands beyond these demarcations and involves also cru- cial elements from the greater Shona-speaking area, Southern Rhodesia and Zimbabwe, Malawi, South Africa, and other areas. Manica Province is, thus, part of a much larger political fi eld. Theoretically, of course, there is a long-standing interest in a territo- rial approach to past and present formations of state. As, for example, Foucault (2007 [2004]: 96]) argues, sovereignty is exercised on a terri- Berghahn Open Access Edition- Not for Resale Territory 57 tory and, consequently, on its inhabitants. In the characteristic manner of the Foucauldian genealogy, this notion of territory is integral to a for- mative triangular order that also comprises security and population— an order crucial to his overall analysis of biopower and the state form. -
Portuguese Africa and the West
Portuguese Africa and the West http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.SFF.DOCUMENT.crp20004 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org Portuguese Africa and the West Author/Creator Minter, William Publisher Monthly Review Press, Penguin Books Date 1972-00-00 Resource type Books Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) Portugal, Lusophone Africa (region), Western Europe (region), North America (region), United States Coverage (temporal) 1941 - 1971 Rights By kind permission of William Minter. Description This book provides general background on Portuguse colonialism and anti-colonial struggles, with a particular focus on the role of Western powers, including the United States and Western Europe. -
Via Afrika History Grade 10 Contents
Jill Allwood Study Guide Via Afrika History Grade 10 Contents Introduction to History Grade 10 ...........................................................................1 Topic 1 The world around 1600 .......................................................................... 2 overview ........................................................................................................... 2 Unit 1 China in the 14th and 15th centuries ......................................................... 4 Unit 2 Songhai: an African Empire ..................................................................... 7 Unit 3 India (Mughal) from 1526 to 1858 ............................................................10 Unit 4 European societies ................................................................................13 Summary and questions .....................................................................................16 Topic 2 European conquest: 15th to 18th centuries .............................................18 overview ..........................................................................................................18 Unit 1 What made European expansion possible?...............................................21 Unit 2 Impact of slavery .................................................................................. 23 Unit 3 Colonial expansion: Portuguese and Dutch ............................................. 24 Unit 4 Spanish conquest in the Americas ..........................................................27 Summary and -
O Passado E O Presente Literário De Ungulani Ba Ka Khosa Gungunhana
Gungunhana: o passado e o presente literário de Ungulani Ba Ka Khosa Gungunhana: the literary past and present of Ungulani Ba Ka Khosa Adilson Fernando Franzin* Resumo: O passado e o presente literário de Ungulani Ba Ka Khosa se unem em Gungunhana, pois esta obra, publicada em 2018, é composta pelo romance Ualalapi, originalmente lançado em 1987, e por uma segunda seção na qual se encontra a narrativa inédita de As Mulheres do Imperador, reconstrução ficcional de um silenciado universo feminino que integrou o Império de Gaza, em fins do século XIX. Ao presente estudo impõe-se o desejo de compreender como o escritor moçambicano – munido de saberes socioculturais notáveis e transitando nos limites entre ficção e história – esteticamente recompôs as subjetividades femininas em As Mulheres do Imperador, as quais tiveram não apenas que criar estratégias de sobrevivência durante os quinze anos de exílio, mas também ressignificar suas vidas no retorno ao solo de Moçambique, em 1911. Palavras-Chave: Ungulani Ba Ka Khosa; Gungunhana; Ualalapi; As mulheres do imperador, Literatura Moçambicana; Abstract: Ungulani Ba Ka Khosa's past and literary present unite in Gungunhana, as this work, published in 2018, is composed of the novel Ualalapi, originally released in 1987, and a second section in which is the unpublished narrative of As Mulheres do Imperador, fictional reconstruction of a muted female universe that integrated the Gaza Empire in the late nineteenth century. The present study imposes the desire to understand how the Mozambican writer - armed with remarkable socio-cultural knowledge and transcending the boundaries between fiction and history - aesthetically recomposed the feminine subjectivities in The Emperor's Women, which not only had to create survival strategies during the fifteen years of exile, but also to re-signify their lives in the return to the soil of Mozambique in 1911. -
The Life History of Raúl Honwana: an Inside View of Mozambique from Colonialism to Independence, 1905-1975
The life history of Raúl Honwana: an inside view of Mozambique from colonialism to independence, 1905-1975 http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.SFF.DOCUMENT.crp2b20008 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org The life history of Raúl Honwana: an inside view of Mozambique from colonialism to independence, 1905-1975 Author/Creator Honwana, Raúl; Isaacman, Allen F. (editor); Bender, Tamara L. (translator) Publisher Lynne Rienner Publishers (Boulder) Date 1988 Resource type Books Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) Mozambique, South Africa Coverage (temporal) 1905 - 1975 Source Northwestern University Libraries, Melville J. Herskovits Library of African Studies, 967.903 H775ZX Rights By kind permission of Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc.