Tsonga / Machangana History
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University of the Witwatersrand
UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND AFRICAN STUDIES INSTITUTE African Studies Seminar Paper to be presented in RW 4.00pm MARCH 1984 Title: The Case Against the Mfecane. by: Julian Cobbing No. 144 UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND AFRICAN STUDIES INSTITUTE African studies Seminar Paper to be presented at Seminar in RW 319 at 4,00 pm on Monday, 5 March 1984 THE CASE AGAINST THE MFECANE by. QuJJjun Cobbing. By the 1970s the mfecane had become one of the most widely abused terms in southern African historical literature. Let the reader attempt a simple definition of the mfecane, for instance. This is not such an easy task. From one angle the mfecane was the Nguni diaspora which from the early 1820s took Nguni raiding communities such as the Ndebele, the Ngoni and the Gaza over a huge region of south-central Africa reaching as far north as Lake Tanzania. Africanists stress the positive features of the movement. As Ajayi observed in 1968: 'When we consider all the implications of the expansions of Bantu-speaking peoples there can he no doubt that the theory of stagnation has no basis whatsoever.' A closely related, though different, mfecane centres on Zululand and the figure of Shaka. It has become a revolutionary process internal to Nguni society which leads to the development of the ibutho and the tributary mode of production. Shaka is a heroic figure providing a positive historical example and some self-respect for black South Africans today. But inside these wider definitions another mfecane more specific- ally referring to the impact of Nguni raiders (the Nedbele, Hlubi and Ngwane) on the Sotho west of the Drakensberg. -
Aspects of the E Gi Eeri G Geology of Maputo City
ASPECTS OF THE EGIEERIG GEOLOGY OF MAPUTO CITY, MOZAMBIQUE By EOQUE MEDES VICETE Submitted in fulfilment of the academic requirements for the Doctoral degree (PhD) in the School of Geological Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban MARCH 2011 ABSTRACT The geological formations of Maputo City, which are mainly unconsolidated materials with soil like properties, are described in terms of their engineering geological and geotechnical characteristics with relevance to their distribution patterns and spatial trends. Problematic conditions such as collapse potential characteristics, loose aeolian sand dune deposits and loose sand plains characterize many of the materials. The geological characteristics combined with anthropogenic interference such as intensive urbanization with inappropriate land use, construction in sensitive areas like steep sandy slopes has led to many problems including slope stability. Foundation problems with building settlement and gully erosion also occur. The aim of this research was to study the engineering geological characteristics and the geotechnical properties of the geological formations of Maputo City and various related problems. Special relevance has been given to the understanding of three specific problems: building damage, gully erosion and slope instability. The geological formations are predominantly sandy (coarse to very fine sand) with very low clay content, are non-plastic and are classified as from the group SP-SM which are poorly- graded sand with silt. The majority of the materials are loose and normally consolidated with a high level of residual strength. Assessment of collapse settlement through double consolidation technique indicated soil compressibility and significant sensibility to collapse upon wetting. Truly collapsible soils that show full collapse of the soil structure were identified in 33% of the tested materials where the highest collapse behaviour reached values above 5%, predicted to cause moderate trouble in foundation design. -
11010329.Pdf
THE RISE, CONSOLIDATION AND DISINTEGRATION OF DLAMINI POWER IN SWAZILAND BETWEEN 1820 AND 1889. A study in the relationship of foreign affairs to internal political development. Philip Lewis Bonner. ProQuest Number: 11010329 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11010329 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ABSTRACT The Swazi kingdom grew out of the pressures associated with competition for trade and for the rich resources of Shiselweni. While centred on this area it acquired some of its characteristic features - notably a regimental system, and the dominance of a Dlamini aristocracy. Around 1815 the Swazi came under pressure from the South, and were forced to colonise the land lying north of the Lusutfu. Here they remained for some years a nation under arms, as they plundered local peoples, and were themselves swept about by the currents of the Mfecane. In time a more settled administration emerged, as the aristocracy spread out from the royal centres at Ezulwini, and this process accelerated under Mswati as he subdued recalcitrant chiefdoms, and restructured the regiments. -
Observations on Agro-Ecology Post Cyclone Idai 3/24/19 Hi Friends, John Wilson Is Based in Southern Africa. This Note to Some Of
Observations on Agro-Ecology post Cyclone Idai 3/24/19 Hi Friends, John Wilson is based in southern Africa. This note to some of his partners and farmers in the region reflects on the horrors in the aftermath of Cyclone Idai, lessons learned about agroecology, forest cover, and nature-based water management, and the role of "evidence based practices" in this context. An important read for all of us as so many face unspeakable displacement and loss. John makes a strong case for supporting agroecological groups and methods even when all the peer reviewed science is not yet in. This is a tension among us - when must we wait for 5 or 10 year studies to demonstrate impacts given an IPCC report that gives us 10 years to transform our energy and agricultural systems? When do we look, listen and adapt complex systems based on local farmer and community knowledge? What is the role of "humility" in indigenous knowledge and among those claiming outcomes without peer reviewed verification? How do we maintain a collective spirit of inquiry and mutual respect for different ways of knowing? How do we act now with limited and imperfect yet compelling evidence/knowledge for a range of complex practices? John raises very important questions and concerns. Betsy === John Wilson’s original letter: From: John Wilson <[email protected]> Subject: Chimanimani, evidence and patience (or lack of??!) Date: 23 March 2019 at 11:56:00 GMT+2 To: Afsafrica <[email protected]>, abn partners-allies <abn-partners- [email protected]> Dear All – A reflective letter from Zimbabwe after a very difficult week. -
Early History of South Africa
THE EARLY HISTORY OF SOUTH AFRICA EVOLUTION OF AFRICAN SOCIETIES . .3 SOUTH AFRICA: THE EARLY INHABITANTS . .5 THE KHOISAN . .6 The San (Bushmen) . .6 The Khoikhoi (Hottentots) . .8 BLACK SETTLEMENT . .9 THE NGUNI . .9 The Xhosa . .10 The Zulu . .11 The Ndebele . .12 The Swazi . .13 THE SOTHO . .13 The Western Sotho . .14 The Southern Sotho . .14 The Northern Sotho (Bapedi) . .14 THE VENDA . .15 THE MASHANGANA-TSONGA . .15 THE MFECANE/DIFAQANE (Total war) Dingiswayo . .16 Shaka . .16 Dingane . .18 Mzilikazi . .19 Soshangane . .20 Mmantatise . .21 Sikonyela . .21 Moshweshwe . .22 Consequences of the Mfecane/Difaqane . .23 Page 1 EUROPEAN INTERESTS The Portuguese . .24 The British . .24 The Dutch . .25 The French . .25 THE SLAVES . .22 THE TREKBOERS (MIGRATING FARMERS) . .27 EUROPEAN OCCUPATIONS OF THE CAPE British Occupation (1795 - 1803) . .29 Batavian rule 1803 - 1806 . .29 Second British Occupation: 1806 . .31 British Governors . .32 Slagtersnek Rebellion . .32 The British Settlers 1820 . .32 THE GREAT TREK Causes of the Great Trek . .34 Different Trek groups . .35 Trichardt and Van Rensburg . .35 Andries Hendrik Potgieter . .35 Gerrit Maritz . .36 Piet Retief . .36 Piet Uys . .36 Voortrekkers in Zululand and Natal . .37 Voortrekker settlement in the Transvaal . .38 Voortrekker settlement in the Orange Free State . .39 THE DISCOVERY OF DIAMONDS AND GOLD . .41 Page 2 EVOLUTION OF AFRICAN SOCIETIES Humankind had its earliest origins in Africa The introduction of iron changed the African and the story of life in South Africa has continent irrevocably and was a large step proven to be a micro-study of life on the forwards in the development of the people. -
I Tsonga Musical Performance in Cultural Perspective (South Africa) 771
IM LXX t S-& ' J97~S, f?p I 1 1 Tsonga Musical Performance in Cultural Perspective (South Africa) T h o m as F. J o h n sto n The Tsonga, or Shangana-Tsonga, are a Bantu-speaking people number ing about 1,200,000 in Mozambique and 700,000 in the Northern Transvaal. They grow maize and, to a certain extent, keep cattle, practise polygyny, and worship ancestor-spirits. I studied their musical system 1968-70 in order to fill gaps in the southern African ethnomusicological chart. Previous studies were, in time order, P e r c iv a l K i r b y ’ s study of the instruments 1934, H ugh T r a c e y ’ s study of Chopi xylophone orchestras 1948, D a v id R y c r o f t ’ s study of Swazi and Zulu music 1954, Y v o n n e H u s k is s o n ’s study of Pedi music 1958, A n d r e w T r a c e y ’s study of Rhodesian mbiras 1961, J ohn B l a c k in g ’s study of Venda music 1962, Ch r is t o p h e r B a l l a n t in e ’ s study of Tswana reed-pipe melody 1965, N ic h o la s E n g l a n d ’ s study of Bushman music 1967, D ie d r e H a n s e n ’s study of Xhosa music 1968, and R o b e r t K a u f f m a n ’ s study of Shona harmony in 1971. -
Blue Swallow Survey Report November
Blue Swallow Survey Report November 2013- March 2014 By Fadzai Matsvimbo (BirdLife Zimbabwe) with assistance from Tendai Wachi ( Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority) Background The Blue Swallow Hirundo atrocaerulea is one of Africa’s endemics, migrating between East and Central to Southern Africa where it breeds in the summer. These breeding grounds are in Zimbabwe, South Africa, Swaziland, Mozambique, Malawi, southern Tanzania and south eastern Zaire, Zambia. The bird winters in northern Uganda, north eastern Zaire and Western Kenya (Keith et al 1992).These intra-african migrants arrive the first week of September and depart in April In Zimbabwe (Snell 1963.).There are reports of the birds returning to their wintering grounds in May (Tree 1990). In Zimbabwe, the birds are restricted to the Eastern Highlands where they occur in the Afromontane grasslands. The Blue Swallow is distributed from Nyanga Highlands southwards through to Chimanimani Mountains and are known to breed from 1500m - 2200m (Irwin 1981). Montane grassland with streams forming shallow valleys and the streams periodically disappearing underground and forming shallow valleys is the preferred habitat (Snell 1979). Whilst birds have been have only ever been located in the Eastern Highlands there is a solitary record from then Salisbury now Harare (Brooke 1962). The Blue Swallow is a medium sized swallow of about 20- 25 cm in body length. The males and females can be told apart by the presence of the long tail retrices in the male. The tail streamers in the males measure twice as long as the females (Maclean 1993). The adults are a shiny blue-black with a black tail with blue green gloss and whitish feather shafts. -
Tutorial Letter 101/1/2016 AFL1503
AFL1503/101/1/2016 Tutorial letter 101/1/2016 Language and Communication Skills Acquisition in an African Language 1 AFL1503 Semester 1 Department of African Languages IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This tutorial letter contains important information about your module. CONTENTS Page 1 INTRODUCTION 4 1.1 Tutorial matter 4 2 PURPOSE AND OUTCOMES FOR THE MODULE 5 2.1 Purpose 5 2.2 Outcomes 5 3 LECTURER(S) AND CONTACT DETAILS 6 3.1 Lecturer(s) 6 3.2 Department 7 3.3 University 7 4 MODULE-RELATED RESOURCES 7 4.1 Prescribed books 7 4.2 Recommended books 8 4.3 Electronic reserves (e-Reserves) 8 4.4 Additional books/ resources 8 5 STUDENT SUPPORT SERVICES FOR THE MODULE 10 6 MODULE-SPECIFIC STUDY PLAN 10 7 MODULE PRACTICAL WORK AND WORK-INTEGRATED LEARNING 10 8 ASSESSMENT 10 8.1 Assessment plan 10 8.2 General assignment numbers 11 8.2.1 Unique assignment numbers 12 8.2.2 Due dates for assignments 12 8.3 Submission of assignments 13 8.4 First Assignments, Semester 01 14 8.4.1 IsiZulu 01 14 8.4.2 IsiXhosa 01 25 8.4.3 Sesotho sa Leboa/ Northern Sotho 01 36 8.4.4 Setswana 01 47 8.4.5 Sesotho/Southern Sotho 01 58 8.4.6 Siswati 01 69 8.4.7 IsiNdebele 01 80 8.4.8 Tshivenḓa 01 91 8.4.9 Xitsonga 01 103 8.5 Second Assignments, Semester 01 114 8.5.1 IsiZulu 21 114 8.5.2 IsiXhosa 22 119 8.5.3 Sesotho sa Leboa/ Northern Sotho 23 122 8.5.4 Setswana 24 126 8.5.5 Sesotho/Southern Sotho 25 130 8.5.6 Siswati 26 132 2 AFL1503/101 8.5.7 IsiNdebele 27 137 8.5.8 Tshivenḓa 28 140 8.5.9 Xitsonga 29 142 9 OTHER ASSESSMENT METHODS 144 10 EXAMINATION 144 11 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 144 12 SOURCES CONSULTED 145 13 CONCLUSION 145 3 1. -
Chimanimani National Reserve, Which Forms the Core Zone of the Conservation Area in Mozambique (634 Km²)
CCCHHHIIIMMMAAANNNIIIMMMAAANNNIII NNNAAATTTIIIOOONNNAAALLL RRREEESSSEEERRRVVVEEE MMAANNAAGGEEMMEENNTT PPLLAANN VVOOLLUUMMEE IIII 2010 Prepared by: Andrea Ghiurghi, Stefaan Dondeyne and James Hugh Bannerman AGRICONSULTING S.p.A. RNC Management Plan 2010 Volume 2 2 Index to Volume 2 1 KEY ACTIONS TO BE IMPLEMENTED DURING THE FIRST TWO YEARS OF MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................................................................. 7 2 PROGRAMME 1 – REVISION OF LIMITS, STRATEGY TO DEAL WITH PEOPLE INSIDE THE RESERVE, ZONING, AND ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE ...................................................... 11 2.1 REVISION OF THE BOUNDARIES .......................................................................................................... 11 2.1.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................. 11 2.1.2 Guiding principles........................................................................................................................ 11 2.1.3 Objective ...................................................................................................................................... 12 2.1.4 Adjustment of the Reserve Boundaries......................................................................................... 12 2.1.5 Strategy to deal with people living inside the Reserve ................................................................. 13 2.1.6 Adjustement -
The Mobile Workshop
The Mobile Workshop The Mobile Workshop The Tsetse Fly and African Knowledge Production Clapperton Chakanetsa Mavhunga The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England © 2018 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher. This book was set in ITC Stone Sans Std and ITC Stone Serif Std by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited. Printed and bound in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available. ISBN: 978-0-262-53502-1 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For Mildred Maidei Contents Preface: Before We Begin … ix Introducing Mhesvi and Ruzivo Rwemhesvi 1 1 How Vanhu Managed Tsetse 29 2 Translation into Science and Policy 49 3 Knowing a Fly 67 4 How to Trap a Fly 91 5 Attacking the Fly from Within: Parasitization and Sterilization 117 6 Exposing the Fly to Its Enemies 131 7 Cordon Sanitaire: Prophylactic Settlement 153 8 Traffic Control: A Surveillance System for Unwanted Passengers 171 9 Starving the Fly 187 10 The Coming of the Organochlorine Pesticide 211 11 Bombing Flies 223 12 The Work of Ground Spraying: Incoming Machines in Vatema’s Hands 247 13 DDT, Pollution, and Gomarara: A Muted Debate 267 14 Chemoprophylactics 289 15 Unleashed: Mhesvi in a Time of War 305 Conclusion: Vatema as Intellectual Agents 317 Glossary 321 Notes 337 References 363 Index 407 Preface: Before We Begin … Preface Preface © Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyAll Rights Reserved The Mobile Workshop: The Tsetse Fly and African Knowledge Production is a project about African understandings of their surroundings. -
From Tsonga to Mozambicanidade
FROM TSONGA TO MOÇAMBICANIDADE: CIVIL RELIGIOUS DYNAMICS IN MOZAMBICAN NATIONALISM Samuel Joina Ngale Town Supervisor: Professor David Chidester Cape Thesis Presentedof for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Religious Studies UniversityUNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN December 2011 The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgementTown of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Cape Published by the University ofof Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University ABSTRACT The relationship between the Romande Mission and the Liberation Front of Mozambique (FRELIMO) has been the subject of study by a number of Mozambicanists. Most of them agree that the Romande Mission played a key role in educating nationalist elites and in shaping political consciousness among the Africans. Notwithstanding the relevance of this approach, the current study argues that the Tsonga tribal and Mozambican national identities are civil religious constructs. They resulted from sacrificial ritual performances, the expropriation of traditions and symbols, and the creation of sacred spaces. Formed as a linguistic, cultural, religious and tribal unity, the Tsonga provided a historical genealogy and structural template for the emergence of Moçambicanidade as a civil religion. Drawing upon postcolonial theory and discourse analysis, the thesis uses the analytical -
Apartheid's Contras: an Inquiry Into the Roots of War in Angola and Mozambique
Apartheid's Contras: An Inquiry into the Roots of War in Angola and Mozambique http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.SFF.DOCUMENT.crp20005 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org Apartheid's Contras: An Inquiry into the Roots of War in Angola and Mozambique Author/Creator Minter, William Publisher Zed Books Ltd, Witwatersrand University Press Date 1994-00-00 Resource type Books Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) Angola, Mozambique, South Africa, Southern Africa (region) Coverage (temporal) 1975 - 1993 Rights By kind permission of William Minter. Description This book explores the wars in Angola and Mozambique after independence.