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Biografia De João Carlos De Brito Capelo

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Biografia De João Carlos De Brito Capelo André Pires Fernandes Biografia de João Carlos de Brito Capelo Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Militares Navais, na especialidade de Marinha Alfeite 2017 André Pires Fernandes Biografia de João Carlos de Brito Capelo Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Militares Navais, na especialidade de Marinha Orientação de: O Aluno Mestrando O Orientador ___________________ ___________________ ASPOF M Pires Fernandes CMG M Costa Canas Alfeite 2017 Epígrafe “If it’s a good idea, go ahead and do it. It’s much easier to apologize than it is to get permission.” Grace Hopper, United States Navy Rear Admiral III IV Dedicatória Aos autores da minha presença neste mundo, por terem sido os promotores incansáveis das minhas melhores realizações e os meus apoiantes infatigáveis da progressão dos meus estudos. Por fim, surge-me a necessidade de exprimir o meu extremo carinho e amor, por ti, amor da minha vida. Obrigada por estares sempre a meu lado. V VI Agradecimentos A exposição que a seguir se segue, não fará, possivelmente, justiça a todos aqueles que direta ou indiretamente prestaram tributo para a conquista do projeto implícito ao seguinte trabalho. Apesar desta referência, estou certo, que farei, seguramente, a inclusão de todos aqueles, cuja omissão seria um erro execrável. Começo então por fazer menção com o maior reconhecimento, ao Capitão de Mar e Guerra Costa Canas, por me ter sugerido o desenvolvimento desta temática, à qual inicialmente me demonstrei relutante, contundo, apenas as palavras sábias deste grande Senhor me demoveram e me fizeram seguir esta via. Mas não só por isto lhe posso estar agradecido, também lhe tenho de tirar o chapéu por me ter assegurado que esta caminhada não seria um percurso em escuro, porque honestamente sem o seu conhecimento e disponibilidade, o caminho teria sido mais íngreme. E apesar das minhas anteriores palavras, estou sobretudo agradecido por me ter levado a compreender os valores pelos quais se deve pautar um percurso académico. De coração, o meu muito obrigado. Tenho também de prestar o meu agradecimento, à Professora Conceição Tavares, pertencente ao Departamento de História e Filosofia das Ciências (FCUL), a enorme partilha de saberes acerca de Brito Capelo, e particularmente a amabilidade e disponibilidade apresentadas, uma vez que a Professora, também se encontrava num projeto de enorme responsabilidade, a sua tese de Doutoramento. Urge-me também a responsabilidade de fazer jus à contribuição da Dra. Isabel Beato, Diretora do Arquivo Histórico da Marinha, a sua gentil prontidão em me conceder acesso aos documentos do AHM, mas principalmente, a sua preciosa ajuda no desvendamento de importantes documentos acerca de Brito Capelo. Presto, por fim, o meu agradecimento à Guarda Marinha Costa Canas, a partilha de informações acerca do delineamento de um projeto desta dimensão, não podendo descurar a enorme disponibilidade com que sempre se prestou. VII VIII Resumo O Almirante João Carlos de Brito Capelo nasceu em 1831, tendo assentado praça em 30 de Setembro de 1845, com 14 anos. Completou Os Estudos Preparatórios de Mar na Escola Politécnica tendo sido promovido a Guarda Marinha a 2 de Outubro de 1850. João Capelo foi nomeado em 1875 diretor do Observatório Meteorológico Infante D. Luís, em 1884, ascendera a Capitão de-mar-e-guerra e finalmente a 4 de Junho de 1890, seria-lhe dada a última promoção, a de Contra Almirante. Dedicou, sensivelmente, quarenta e seis anos da sua vida (1855-1901) às ciências geofísicas e deu o seu importante contributo para melhorar o conhecimento da meteorologia, magnetismo entre outras temáticas. Associado ao OMIDL desde a sua fundação, colaborou na criação e desenvolvimento, em Portugal, de uma rede de observações meteorológicas que mereceu reconhecimento Internacional. Foi ainda pioneiro na fotografia das manchas solares, fundador dos Observatórios Meteorológicos de Luanda e da Serra do Pilar, tendo também representado Portugal em várias Conferências, salientando a sua presença na Comissão Internacional de Meteorologia, por fim, foi também responsável pela invenção de vários aparelhos de observação e investigação. João Carlos de Brito Capelo faleceu em 1901, tendo dedicado mais de quarenta anos à pátria portuguesa, à Marinha, Astronomia, Meteorologia e Física Celeste. Palavras-chave: Marinha; Meteorologia; Astronomia; Observatório Meteorológico Infante D. Luís IX Abstract The admiral João Carlos de Brito Capelo was born in 1831, having settled soldier on September 30, 1845, at the age of fourteen. He has completed Sea Preparatory Studies in the Polytechnic School having been promoted to Marine Guard on October 2, 1850. João Capelo was nominated in 1875 director of the Infant Meteorological Observatory D. Luis, in 1884, had ascended to Captain of sea and war and finally in 4 of June of 1890, would be given his last promotion, that of Contrary Admiral. He spent roughly forty-six years of his life (1855-1901) to the geophysical sciences and gave his important contribute to improve the knowledge of meteorology, magnetism and others themed. Associated with the Meteorological Observatory D. Luis since its foundation, he had collaborated in the creation and development, in Portugal, of a network of meteorological observations that deserved an international recognition. It was also a pioneer in photography of sunspots, founder of the Meteorological Observatories of Luanda and of Serra do Pilar, having also represented Portugal at several Conferences, highlighting his presence in the International Meteorological Commission, and finally, it was also responsible for the invention of various observation and investigation devices. João Carlos de Brito passed away in 1901, having dedicated more than forty years to the Portuguese homeland, to the Navy, Astronomy, Meteorology and Celestial Physics. Keywords: Navy; Meteorology; Astronomy; Meteorological Observatory Infante D. Luís X XI XII Índice Epígrafe ....................................................................................................................... III Dedicatória ................................................................................................................... V Agradecimentos .......................................................................................................... VII Resumo ........................................................................................................................ IX Abstract ........................................................................................................................ X Índice ......................................................................................................................... XIII Índice de Figuras ........................................................................................................ XIV Índice de Tabelas ....................................................................................................... XVI Lista de Abreviaturas, Siglas e Acrónimos ................................................................ XVII 1. Introdução............................................................................................................ 19 2. Vida e Obra de João Carlos de Brito Capelo......................................................... 21 2.1 Biografia ....................................................................................................... 21 2.2 Obra.............................................................................................................. 31 3. Meteorologia (século XIX) .................................................................................. 41 3.1 Matthew Foutaine Maury .............................................................................. 41 3.2 Meteorologia em Portugal ............................................................................. 46 3.3 Observatório D. Luís ..................................................................................... 60 3.4 Conferência de Bruxelas ............................................................................... 70 4. Contributos Científicos de João Carlos de Brito Capelo ....................................... 75 4.1 Magnetismo .................................................................................................. 75 4.2 Instrumentos Inventados por Brito Capelo..................................................... 85 4.3 Identificar textos e contributos mais importantes escritos por Brito Capelo ... 89 4.4 Fotos de Astros (Astronomia) ....................................................................... 94 4.5 Importância Geográfica de Portugal .............................................................. 99 5. Conclusão .......................................................................................................... 101 6. FONTES E BIBLIOGRAFIA ............................................................................ 107 6.1 FONTES ..................................................................................................... 107 6.2 BIBLIOGRAFIA ........................................................................................ 117 XIII Índice de Figuras Figura 1 – João Carlos de Brito Capelo ....................................................................... 21 Figura 2 - Desenho do croniogoniómetro inventado por J. C. Brito Capelo ................. 28 Figura 3 - Imagens do livro publicado por Brito Capelo em 1859, Cartas dos Ventos e correntes do Golfo da Guiné (Capelo,
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