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Timeline / 1880 to After 1930 / TRAVELLING

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Timeline / 1880 to After 1930 / TRAVELLING Timeline / 1880 to After 1930 / TRAVELLING Date Country Theme 1880s onwards Spain Travelling Travelling to North Africa, Egypt or the Turkish Empire becomes part of the leisure travels of wealthy families of Spain. 1880 Germany Travelling The dome of Cologne is completed (construction began in 1248). It is the tallest church building in the world at the time. 1880s - 1910s Italy Travelling The growth of a European middle class and the improvement of transportation make tourism possible for increasing numbers of European citizens. According to very tentative estimates, 450,000 foreign tourists visited Italy in 1897 and 900,000 in 1911. 1881 Portugal Travelling With a thorough knowledge of the African hinterland, António da Silva Porto appeals to the Sociedade de Geografia to sponsor a plan for the scientific and commercial exploitation of Africa. The remote hinterland was about to be discovered by explorers and Africa’s boundaries defined by the colonial powers. 1882 Italy Travelling The municipality of Cervia (on the Adriatic Sea) builds a bathing establishment explicitly intended for the middle class: previously a prerogative of the elite, beach tourism starts to become a more widely practised activity. 1883 Portugal Travelling A Commission of Cartography is created to prepare an atlas of all Portuguese colonies and map three expeditions to Africa. The first expedition (1884–85), undertaken by Roberto Ivens and Hermenegildo Capelo, starts in Moçâmedes in Angola (in present-day Namibia) aiming to reach to the east coast. The expedition members would face risks from hunger, cold, harsh nature, the wildlife and the tsetse fly. 1883 Egypt Travelling Arriving in Egypt as diplomatic agent and Consul-General of Britain, Sir Evelyn Baring’s (Lord Cromer’s) first task is to demand that Khedive Muhammad Tawfiq should abandon Sudan. Tawfiq consents reluctantly, but having done so he then does everything he can to ensure success of the policy that Baring has been sent to carry out. 1883 - 1927 Germany Travelling The warehouse district known as Speicherstadt Hamburg develops. Date Country Theme 1884 - 1888 Portugal Travelling The Muatiânvua Expedition to Angolan’s Lunda territory led by Major Henrique de Carvalho provides exceptional scientific data on meteorology, zoology, ethnography and linguistics and photographic records. This second great expedition aims to counter the diversion of trade from Malanje to Zaire implemented by other colonial countries. 1885 Portugal Travelling 20 September: After their return to Lisbon a triumphal reception was offered to Capelo and Ivens by several Portuguese associations. During the solemn session organised by the Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa (SGL) at the Teatro Real de S. Carlos, following their lectures, the explorers receive the SGL gold medal from King Luís I. 1885 Portugal Travelling 21 June: the expedition of Roberto Ivens and Hermenegildo Capelo reaches Quelimane, Mozambique, after 14 months. Throughout their 8,300 km expedition across the African hinterland, Ivens wrote and drew sketches and maps, while Capelo collected specimens of plants, rocks and animals. The constant desertions and sickness and death of the bearers increased the danger and uncertainty. 1885 - 1887 Portugal Travelling The third great expedition, undertaken by Serpa Pinto and Augusto Cardoso, aims to establish a trade corridor between the eastern region of lakes, and the coast of Mozambique. Major Serpa Pinto fell ill and was replaced by Augusto Cardoso who reached Quelimane after a journey of 2,500 km lasting 20 months, during which some agreements were signed with African chiefs. 1886 Tunisia Travelling Muhammad Sadiq Bey on a visit to Algiers is received by Napoleon III. Since 1886 Germany Travelling Seven weeks after the death of King Ludwig II in 1886, Neuschwanstein Castle – built in order that the king could withdraw from public life – opened to the public. 1887 France Travelling The birth of the French Riviera, originally frequented by wealthy English patrons. 1887 Portugal Travelling The Naval Academy is founded for teaching and research on Portuguese tropical medicine. Its purpose is to provide access to tropical medicine for general medical students and as a specialty for naval doctors. The Academy had a small laboratory for some diagnostic tests. 1888 Portugal Travelling Date Country Theme The neo-Manueline Palace of Bussaco, modelled on the Manueline Belém Tower of Lisbon is commissioned by King Carlos I as a royal retreat. It combines the architectural fashion of castle romanticism (German Burgenromantik) with the neo- Manueline gothic style that evokes the Portuguese Discoveries. 1888 Turkey Travelling 12 August: Direct rail connection is established between Paris and #stanbul. 1889 - 1917 Germany Travelling Kaiser Wilhelm II visits the Ottoman Empire three times, in 1889, 1898 and 1917. On his second official tour he visits Constantinople, Haifa, Jaffa, Jerusalem, Beirut and Damascus, largely to show his support for Ottoman sultan ‘Abd al-Hamid II whose Empire was already unstable. The strong connection between the countries is further cemented by a gift from the Kaiser to ‘Abd al Hamid: a “German fountain” that stands in Jerusalem to this day. 1892 Egypt Travelling The Greco-Roman Museum of Alexandria is created. 1894 Italy Travelling The Touring Club d’Italia is founded. Its main goal is “to make Italians know Italy”. It conceives of tourism as a tool for the cultural growth and modernisation of the country. 1896 France Travelling Tsar Nicolas II visits France and inaugurates the Pont Alexandre III bridge in Paris. 1896 Greece Travelling Revival of the Olympic Games. 1897 - 1899 Romania Travelling Romanian biologist and speleologist Emil Racovi## participates in the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, the first winter research expedition in the Antarctica region. 1898 - 1899 Romania Travelling Bazil G. Assan is the first Romanian to go on an expedition around the world, taking the route Constan#a–Istanbul–Cairo–Ceylon–China–Japan–Pacific Ocean– USA–Europe. 1899 Egypt Travelling British diplomat Alfred Mitchell-Innes is appointed Undersecretary of State for Finance in Egypt. Date Country Theme 1900 Romania Travelling Al. Saabner-Tuduri publishes a book on the Mineral Waters and the Spas of Romania, the first paper about Romanian balneology, which used to be a very important component of Romanian tourism. 1900 Egypt Travelling On a visit to Britain, ‘Abbas Hilmi II tells the authorities that he thinks the British have carried out good work in Egypt. He declares himself ready to cooperate with British officials administering Egypt and Sudan. 1900 - 1940 Germany Travelling Building of the "Bagdadbahn" ("Bagdad railway"), a railway- section in the Ottoman Empire with a length of around 3200 km through Turkey, Syria and Iran. Together with the "Hedjaz railway" it was built under Abdul Hamid the second. He wanted to facilitate the pilgrimage, as people could travel from Damaskus to Medina and Mekka directly. 1901 United Kingdom Travelling Age 42, a young and energetic Viceroy of India, Lord Curzon, visits the Arab Gulf sheikhdoms to confirm treaties of British protection of them, a policy that prevails until 1970. 1901 Italy Travelling Liguria (the region of Genoa) is the Italian region with the highest number of foreigners (12,000). It has a mild climate that attracts foreigners escaping north Europe’s harsh climate for health reasons. All through the 19th and early 20th centuries, many foreigners affected by tuberculosis and other illness resided in Italy for extended periods. 1902 Portugal Travelling Inauguration of the Escola de Medicina Tropical de Lisboa (Lisbon Academy of Tropical Medicine), founded like its European counterparts to provide specialised training, spread knowledge and undertake field research. One of its main subjects was sleeping sickness for whose treatment the Academy undertook five field missions (1904–11) to São Tomé and Mozambique. 1905 - 1907 Romania Travelling The construction of the seaside resort Mamaia, on the shore of the Black Sea, which became and remains one of the most popular Romanian resorts. 1905 - 1936 Greece Travelling Tourists flock to Delphi from all over the world attracted mainly by its archaeology. The guestbook of the Hotel Pythios Appolon provides a glimpse of the cosmopolitan atmosphere at Delphi during the first quarter of the 20th century. Date Country Theme 1905 Italy Travelling The Automobile Club d’Italia is founded. 1906 Greece Travelling The Intercalated or Olympic Games are held in Athens. An international multi-sport event, many people consider them to be the Olympic Games. The International Olympic Committee refers to them as the “Second International Olympic Games in Athens”. 1907 Lebanon Travelling Khalil Pasha (1864–1923), commander of the Turkish Sixth Army during World War I orders the creation of the Hamidi Public Garden, which later becomes the Sanayeh Garden. It is one of the oldest public open-air spaces in the capital. 1911 Portugal Travelling 12–20 May: The 4th International Congress of Tourism is held in Lisbon organised in collaboration with the Sociedade de Propaganda (founded 1906). Before the end of the meeting (18 May), the provisional government of the newly proclaimed Portuguese Republic (5 October 1910) creates a Bureau of Tourism at the Ministério do Fomento (Ministry of Development). 1911 Lebanon Travelling A private residence in Beirut’s Zokak el-Blat quarter is turned into the Robert Muawad private museum, presenting precious collection of fine arts and antique pieces. 1919 Italy Travelling The Ente nazionale per le industrie turistiche (ENIT – a state-funded body aimed at promoting tourism in Italy) is founded. In the last decades of the 19th century, local associations and bodies aimed at promoting tourism started to be created, under public or private initiative. 1927 Egypt Travelling King Fuad I of Egypt’s visit to Italy. 1927 Germany Travelling The first stage of the racing circuit Nürburgring is constructed comprising the old “North loop” built around the village of Nürburg in the Eifel mountains..
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