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82. Comparison O F Ordovician Cephalopods Between Australia

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No. 9] Proc. Japan Acad., 63, Ser. B (1987) 313 82. Comparison of Ordovician Cephalopods between Australia and Eastern Asia By Teiichi KoBAYASHi, M. J. A. (Communicated Nov. 12, 1987) In Australia the oldest cephalopods are ellesmeroceroids in the Ninmaroo limestone of Black Mountains, West Queensland which have been reported by Whitehouse (1936) soon after the publication of the Wanwanian ellesmeroceroids from South Manchuria (1933) . The Toko series which overlies the Ninmaroo limestone contains Actinoceras, Calhounoceras and some new genera resembling Kochoceras and Armenoceras. These Wanwanian and Toufangian cephalopods appear, however, still remain undescribed. The Larapintine series in the McDonnell Range and Finke River regions, Central Australia yields a copious Ordovician fauna including many species of Orthoceras, Endoceras, Actinoceras and Trocholites. Because this fauna, is inti- mately related to the Chikunsan fauna followed by the Tsuibon and Touf angian faunas among the Ordovician ones in Eastern Asia, I suggested Llandeilian, s. 1. for its age (1940). One year before this, Bathomoceras australe Teichert, 1939 was described therefrom and its age was considered latest Arenigian to early Llanvirnian. However, Armenoceras and some younger genera were later found from Ellery Creek (Teichert, 1952) . Therefore the Larapintine series may be pene-contemporaneous to the Toufangian series inclusive of the Maruyaman stage. The Emanuel limestone in the Kimberley region, Western Australia is rich in cephalopods, particularly in its middle portion and its age is middle to late Canadian, although the upper part containing Meniscoceras may be as high as Chazyan (Flower, 1941). Hardomanoceras lobatum is obtained from the main cephalopod limestone. Hardomanoceras is known now to be an important key to the Wolungian age on the western Pacific side, as this genus is widely distributed from Jilin, South Manchuria to Australia through Tarutao Island on the Thailand-Malaysia border (1959). In New South Wales there are two assemblages of late Ordovician cephalo- pods allied to the Asiatic ones. The older one in Fossil Hill limestone contains Troedssonella which may be Llandeilian-early Caradocian in age and shows affinities to the faunas of China, Kazakhstan, Central Siberia and Sweden. The younger or Ashgillian fauna comprises Troedssonella and Paradiscoceras the latter of which is known from Kazakhstan and northeastern USSR. Broadly speaking, the Middle Ordovician cephalopods occur in Central Australia and later Ordovician ones in Southeastern Australia, while the older Ordovician genera are known from Western Australian and Western Queensland. Beside the Piloceras-Manchuroceras assemblage discussed in the preceding article five other assemblages are distinguished in Tasmania (Stait, 1984) as follows : 1. Wutinoceras-Adamsoceras assemblage In Tasmania Wutinoceras is represented by Nybyoceras multicubiculatum Teichert and Glenister and N. paucicubiculatum Teichert and Glenister (1975). This assemblage is related to the Maruyaman fauna of Eastern Asia through 314 T. KOBAYASHI [Vol. 63(B), Wutinoceras sp. 2. Discoceras-Gorbyoceras assemblage Discoceras reveals affinities to the cephalopods of the Pagoda limestone in Central China. 3. Tasmanoceras-Hecatoceras-Gouldoceras assemblage 4. Gordonoceras assemblage 5. West ieldceras assemblage The above three assemblages (3-5) characterized by indigenous genera show so high endemism that Tasmania was quite isolated at that time from the Asian and other faunas. Incidentally Trocholithoceras idaense Teichert and Glenister, 1953 was once located in Trocholites by Flower (1962), but now it is placed in Discoceras by Stait (1983). Gorbyoceras settlemense Stait and Flower, 1985 from Ida Bay looks similar to To f angoceras and also To f angocerina. In Tasmania Wolungian cephalopods are the oldest members. The Toufangian and later ones are well developed in Tasmania. Although the occurrence of Piloceras in Tasmania means a contact with the faunas of Americas temporarily in the late Canadian age, the Australian cephalopods maintained intimate re- lationship with the Asiatic ones during the Ordovician period. Judging from Hardmanoceras, Manchuroceras and Wutinoceras the Burmese-Malaysian geo- syncline (1977) must have been the main route of migration. There the actinoceroid-bearing limestone is traceable from near Kuala Lumpur to North- west Thailand (Kobayashi, Gan, and Murthy, 1979) and further to the north into the so-called "Orthoceras bed" in the Ordovician Formation of the Shan Plateau, Burma. Irianoceras antiquum was found on the Irian side near her frontier to Papua (Kobayashi and Burton, 1971), but little is as yet known of Ordovician cephalopods in the 3 N Arc comprising New Guinea, New Caledonian and New Zealand. References`' Banks, M. R. (1962) : Ordovician system. J. Geol. Soc. Australia, 2(2), 147-176. Banks, M. R., and Burrett, C. F. (1980) : A preliminary note on Ordovician bio- stratigraphy of Tasmania. Jour. Geol. Soc. Australia, 26, 363-376. Kobayashi, T. (1933) : Faunal study of the Wanwanian (Basal Ordovician) series with special reference to the Ribeiridae and the Ellesmeroceroids. Jour. Fac. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, sec. 2, 3(7), 249-328, 10 pls. (1940) : The Ordovician shelly faunas in the southwestern Pacific province. Japan. J. Geol. Geogr., 17,105-125. (1958) : Some Ordovician fossils from Thailand-Malay Borderland. ibid., 29(4), 223-231. (1961) : On the occurrence of Ordovician nautiloids in North Thailand. Japan. J. Geol. Geogr., 32(1), 79-84. (1973) : The Early and Middle Palaeozoic history of the Burmese-Malayan geo- syncline. Geol. Palaeont. SE Asia, 11, 91-108. (1984) : Older Palaeozoic gastropods and cephalopods of Thailand and Malaysia. ibid., 25, 195-199. (1986) : Relation between the Ordovician faunas of Asia and Australia. Proc. Japan Acad., 62B, 295-302. Kobayashi, T., and Bruton, C. K. (1971) : Discovery of Ellesmeroceroid cephalopoda *' Note: See the preceding article for Kobayashi, 1959, 1977, and 1987(b). No. 9] Ordovician Cephalopods 315 in West Irian, New Guinea. ibid., 47, 625-630. Kobayashi, T., Gan Ah Sai, and Murthy, K. N. (1979) : On the geological age of the Tanj ong Malim limestone in Peninsular Malaysia. ibid., 55B, 259-263. Stait, B. A. (1980) : Gouldoceras n. gen. (Cephalopoda, Nautiloidea) and a revision of Hecatoceras Teichert and Glenister from Tasmania. Jour. Paleont., 54(5), 1113-1118, 1 pl. (1982) : Ordovician Oncoceratida (Nautiloidea) from Tasmania, Australia. N. Jb. Geol. Paleont. Mh. 1982, 11.10, 607-618. (1983) : Ordovician nautiloids of Tasmania, Australia-Ellesmeroceratida and Tarphyceratida. Alcheringa, 7, 253-261. (1984a) : Ordovician nautiloids of Tasmania-Gouldoceratidae Fam. Nov. (Disco- sorida). Proc. Roy. Soc. Vict., '96(4), 187-207. (1984b) : Re-examination and redescription of the Tasmania species of Wutino- ceras and Adamsoceras (Nautiloidea, Ordovicia). Geol. et Paleontol., 18, 53-57, 1 pl. Stait, B. A., and Burrett, C. F. (1984) : Ordovician Nautiloid faunas of Central and Southern Thailand. Geol. Mag., 121(2) , 115-124. (1987) : Biogeography of Australian and Southeastern Asian Ordovician nauti- loids. American Geophys. Union, copyright, 1987, pp. 21-28. Stait, B. A., and Flower, R. H. (1985) : Michelinoceratida (Nautiloidea) from the Ordovician of Tasmania, Australia. J. Paleont., 59(1), 149-159. Stait, B. A., Webby, B. D., and Percival, I. G. (1985) : Late Ordovician nautiloids from central New South Wales, Australia. Alcheringa, 9, 143-157. Teichert, C. (1939) : The nautiloid Bathomoceras Barrande. Trans. Roy. S. W. Aus- tralia, 63(2), 384-391, p1.19. (1947) : Early Ordovician cephalopods from Adamsfield, Tasmania. J. Paleont., 21, 420-428, p1. 58. Teichert, C., and Glenister, B. F. (1952) : Fossil nautiloid fauna from Australia. ibid., 26(5), 730-752, pls. 104-108. (1953) : Ordovician and Silurian cephalopods from Tasmania, Australia. Bull. Am. Paleont., 34(144), 5-54, 6 pls. (1954) : Early Ordovician cephalopod fauna from Northwestern Australia. ibid., 35 (150), 7-91,10 pls. Wade, M. (1977) : The siphuncle in Georginidae and other Ordovician Actinoceroid cephalopods. Lethaia, 10, 303-315. Webby, B. D. (ed.) (1981) : The Ordovician System in Australia, New Zealand and Antarctica. Intern. Union Geol. Sci. Publ., no. 6, pp. 11-13. Whitehouse, F. W. (1936) : The Cambrian faunas of North-Eastern Australia, Parts 1 and 2. Mem. Queensland Mus., 11(1) , 59-112, pls. 8-10..
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  • Vasalemma for Library

    Vasalemma for Library

    Cephalopods from reef limestone of the Vasalemma Formation, northern Estonia (latest Sandbian, Upper Ordovician) and the establishment of a local warm water fauna Björn Krögera* and Martina Aubrechtováa,b a Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13, Helsinki, Finland, [email protected] [corresponding author], [email protected] b Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, 12843 Praha 2, Czech Republic, [email protected] Abstract: The cephalopods of the reef limestones of the Vasalemma Formation, northern Estonia, are highly diverse and comprise a number of 22 species, of 10 families and seven orders in a sample of +300 specimens. Most of the specimens were collected from shell concentrations in synsedimentary cavities and are interpreted parautochthonous as washed in from nearby palaeo-habitats. Nearly all of the shells are fragmented and nearly 15% are partially encrusted by epibionts. The assemblage is dominated by small (mostly less than 30 mm wide) straight shelled actinocerids and orthocerids, additionally coiled tarphycerid are common. The higher taxonomic composition of the Vasalemma cephalopod assemblage with a dominance of actinocerids and an absence of endocerids is in agreement with an interpretation of the depositional environment under a warm water (tropical or subtropical) shallow subtidal regime. At species level the assemblage is highly endemic, but the generic composition allows for a statistical comparison with other faunas. A cluster analysis of contemporary assemblages reveals a high degree of similarity with late Sandbian cephalopod faunas of epicontinental Laurentia. The palaeogeographical distribution pattern is similar than in brachiopods, which supports earlier interpretations of these clusters as mainly controlled by water temperature and depositional depth.