9 MOLLUSCA: CEPHALOPODA (NAUTILOIDEA)

A. H. King

The term Nautiloidea is used here in a broad sense, incorporating the subclasses Endoceratoidea, Actinoceratoidea, Orthoceratoidea and Nautiloidea as perceived by Teichert (1967). Classification at order level is relatively stable; taxonomic complications arise in recognizing the greater diver­ sity of nautiloids in comparison with ammonoids and reconciling this within a classification at higher level (Holland, 1979, 1987). The scheme adopted below essentially follows Teichert and Moore (in Teichert et al., 1964) to order level, variations from this are noted in the text; the treatment of Cambrian orders follows Chen and Teichert (1983). The enigmatic genera Salterella (=Volborthella) and Vologdinella have been regarded as taxa 'doubtfully classifiable' within the nautiloids and treated as a separate order Volborthellida (Teichert in Teichert et ai, 1964). The present author follows Yochelson (1977, 1981), and assigns these genera to the extinct phylum Agmata. No detailed cladistic analysis has been carried out on nautiloids; comments concerning the mono- or paraphyletic nature of some orders are mainly the author's own views.

Order PLECTRONOCER1DA Flower, 1964 F. ELLESMEROCERATIDAE Kobayashi, 1934 (see Fig. 9.1) C. (DOL)-O. (CRD) Mar. F. PLECTRONOCERATIDAE Kobayashi, 1935 Firsh Eburnoceras pissinum Chen and Qi, 1980, upper € . (DOL) Mar. Quadraticephalus Zone, lower Fengshan Formation, Anhui Province, China (Chen and Teichert, 1983). First: Plectronoceras Cambria (Walcott, 1905), Ptychaspis- Lash Oelandoceras sp. Lai, 1965, Baota (= Pagoda) Lime­ Tsinania Zone, lower Fengshan Formation, Shandong stone Formation, Ningkiang, Shaanxi (=Shensi) Province, Province, China; P. liaoningense Kobayashi, 1935 from China (Lai, 1965). Liaodong Peninsula and P. huaibeiense Chen and Qi 1979, Intervening: TRE-LLO. from Anhui Province, China, are coeval (Chen and Teichert, 1983). F. ACAROCERATIDAE Chen et al., 1979 Lash Eodiaphragmoceras sinense Chen and Qi, 1979, C. (DOL) Mar. Jiagouceras cordatum Chen and Tsou, 1979, Lunanoceras changshanense Chen and Qi, 1979, L. précordium Chen and Firsh Acaroceras primordium Chen and Qi, 1982, lower Qi, 1979, Rectseptoceras eccentricum Tsou and Chen, 1979 and Quadraticephalus Zone, lower Fengshan Formation, Hanjia, Paraplectronoceras spp., Sinoeremoceras zone (=Acaroceras- Suxian County, Anhui Province, China (Chen and Teichert, Eburnoceras Zone), upper Fengshan Formation, Shandong 1983). and Anhui Provinces, China. Paleoceras mutabile Flower, Lash Weishanhuceras rarum Chen and Qi, 1979, numerous 1954 and P. undulatum Flower, 1964, San Saba Limestone, species assigned to Acaroceras (Chen and Teichert, 1983), central Texas, USA, are of similar age (Chen and Teichert, upper Fengshan and Siyangshan formations, Liaoning, 1983). Shandong, Anhui, Shanxi, Zhejiang Provinces and Nei Monggol, China (Chen and Teichert, 1983). F. BALKOCERATIDAE Flower, 1964 C. (DOL) Mar. F. HUAIHECERATIDAE Zou and Chen, 1979 First and Lash Theskeloceras benxiense Chen and Teichert, € . (DOL) Mar. 1983, T. subrectum Chen and Teichert, 1983, upper Firsh Huaiheceras ? longicollum Zou and Chen, 1979, upper Fengshan Formation, Liaoning Province, China; Balkoceras Quadraticephalus Zone, lower Fengshan Formation, Suxian gracile Flower, 1964, San Saba Limestone, central Texas, County, Anhui Province, China (Chen and Teichert, 1983). USA (Chen and Teichert, 1983). Lash Huaihecerina elegans Chen and Teichert, 1983, Order ELLESMEROCERIDA Flower, in Flower and Zhuibanoceras conicum Chen and Qi, 1981, numerous species assigned to Huaiheceras, upper Fengshan and Siyangshan Kümmel, 1950 formations, Liaoning, Shandong, Anhui and Zhejiang Suborder Ellesmerocerina Flower, 1964 Provinces, China (Chen and Teichert, 1983).

The Fossil Record 2. Edited by M. J. Benton. Published in 1993 by Chapman & Hall, London. ISBN 0 412 39380 8 170 Animals: Invertebrates

RHT NOR PLECTRONOCERIDA 26. Emmonosoceratidae CRN 1. Plcctronoceratidae 27. Botryccratidac 2. Balkoccratidae 28. Humcoceratidae LAD ELLES MEROCERI DA INTEJOCERIDA TRIASSIC ANS 3. Ellesmeroceratidae 29. Majoceratidae SCY 4. Acaroccratidae 30. Intejoceratidae TAT 5. Huaiheceratidae 31. Padunoceratidae KAZ 6. Xiaoshanoceratidae 32. Bajkaloceratidae UFI 7. Protocycloceratidae ACTINOCERIDA KUN 8. Baltoceratidae 33. Polydesmiidae ART 9. Apocrinoceratidae 34. Ormoceratidae PERMIAN SAK 10. Cyclostomiceratidae 35. Wutinoceratidac ASS 11. Shidcleroceratidae 36. Actinoceratidac GZE 12. Bathmoceratidae 37. Georginidae 13. Cyrtocerinidae 38. Aimenoceratidae KAS 14. Protactinoceratidae 39. Gonioceratidae MOS 15. Yanheceratidae 40. Huroniidae BSH ENDOCERIDA 41. Carbactinceratidae SPK 16. Proterocameroceratidae ORTHOCERIDA VIS 17. Thylacoceratidae 42. Orthoceratidae CARBONIFEROUS TOU 18. Piloceratidae 43. Troedssonellidae 41 FAM 19. Najaceratidae 44. Sactorthoceratidae FRS 20. Endoceratidae 45. Geisonoceratidae GIV 21. Cyrtendoceratidae 46. Clinoceratidae 1 49____ EIF 22. Chihlioceratidae 47. Dawsonoceratidae i 23. Manchuroceratidae 48. Sphooceratidae I EMS • DEVONIAN 24. Yorkoceratidae 49. Offleyoceratidae t PRA 25. Allotrioceratidae 50. Paraphragmatidae 1 LOK 1 PRD LUD 1 1 WEN 1 1 ___

SILURIAN LLY 20 28 ’ 48 50 ASH r 1 35 47 1 CRD 11 27 1 43 U 1 > LLO 13 17 37 1 8 LLN 19 22 24 32 DC ARG 26 1 [39 40 46 О 1 1T T T 1 ! TRE 9 10 12 21 23 25 30 31 33 34 36 38 42 44 45 MER N 1 1 17 8 1 |16 18 29 STD 1 2 3 4 5 6 14 15

CAMB. CRF EDI VAR

SINIAN STU

Fig. 9.1

F. XIAOSHANOCERAT1DAE Chen and Teichert, 1930), Shihtzupu Formation, Hunan Province, China 1983 C. (DOL) Mar. (Sheng, 1980). Intervening: ARG-LLN. First and Last: Xiaoshanoceras jini Chen and Teichert, 1983, X. subcirculare Chen and Teichert, 1983, Acaroceras Zone, F. BALTOCERATIDAE Kobayashi, 1935 upper Siyangshan Formation, Xiaoshigai, Zhejiang Pro­ O. (TRE-CRD) Mar. vince, China (Chen and Teichert, 1983). First: Microbaltoceras minore Flower, 1964, Tanyard For­ F. PROTOCYCLOCERATIDAE Kobayashi, 1935 mation, Gillespie County, Texas, USA. This species is O. (TRE-LLO3) Mar. based on fragmentary material and may be referable to First: Walcottoceras obliquum Ulrich, Foerste, Miller, and the Ellesmeroceratidae. The next oldest species is Rioceras Unklesbay, 1944, lower Canadian (Gasconadian), Iowa, expansum Flower, 1964, Cooks Formation, El Paso Group, USA (Ulrich et al., 1944). Rhodes Canyon, New Mexico, USA (Flower, 1964a). Last: Protocycloceras deprati Reed, 1917, P. wongi (Yü, Last: Cartersoceras noveboracense Flower, 1952, Amsterdam Mollusca: Cephalojwda (Nautiloidca) 171

Limestone, New York, USA, C. shidclcri Flower, 1964, and Mastoceras, upper Fengshan Formation, Liaoning, Carter's Limestone, Tennessee, USA (Flower, 1964a). Shandong and Anhui Provinces, China (Chen and Teichert, Intervening: ARG-LLO. 1983). F. APOCRINOCERATIDAE Flower in Flower and Order YANHECER1DA Chen and Qi, 1979 Teichert, 1957 O. (ARG) Mar. F. YANHECERATIDAE Chen and Qi, 1979 First: Apocrinoceras lalboli Teichert and Glenister, 1954, C. (DOL) Mar. Emanuel Formation ('horizon 3'), Emanuel Creek, Kimberley Division, Western Australia (Teichert and First and Last: Yanhcceras anhuiense Chen and Qi, 1979, Y. Glenister, 1954). endogastrum Chen, 1979, Y. longiconum Chen and Qi, 1979, Last: Glenisleroceras obscurum Flower in Flower and Aetheloxoceras suxianense Chen and Qi, 1979, Archendoccras Teichert, 1957, Fort Cassin Formation, Champlain Valley, coniparlitum Chen and Qi, 1979, Oonendoceras sinicum Chen New York, USA (Flower, 1964a). and Qi, 1982, upper Fengshan Formation, Shandong and Anhui Provinces, China (Chen and Teichert, 1983). F. CYCLOSTOMICERATIDAE Foerste, 1925 O. (ARG-LLN]) Mar. Order ENDOCERIDA Teichert, 1933 First: Cyclostomiceras cassinense (Whitfield, 1886), The earliest endocerids (Proterocameroceratidae) are C. minimum (Whitfield, 1886), Fort Cassin Formation, commonly regarded to have arisen from longiconic Champlain Valley, New York, USA (Flower, 1964a). cllesmerocerids (Ellesmeroceratidae) via the development Last: Pictetoceras eichwaldi (De Verneuil, 1845), Kundan of endocones from siphonal diaphragms (Flower, 1976c). Stage (Aluojan Substage), Ural Mountains and Estonia, The Piloceratidae may also be more simply derived from former USSR (Mutvei and Stumbur, 1971). curved breviconic ellesmeroceratids than from the Proterocameroceratidae as believed by Flower (1976b). F. SHIDELEROCERATIDAE Flower, 1946 Such a phylogeny implies that endocones originated O. (RAW) Mar. more than once from different sources within the First and Last: Shidelcroccras sinuatum Flower, 1946, Ellesmeroceratidae, and consequently the Endocerida are S. simplex Flower, 1946, lower Whitewater Formation, polyphyletic. Cincinnati; S. gracile Flower, 1946, Saluda Formation, Cincinnati, USA, all Richmondian (Flower, 1964a). F. PROTEROCAMEROCERATIDAE Kobayashi, 1937 O. (TRE-LLO) Mar. Suborder Cyrtocerinina Flower, 1964 First: Procndoceras annulifcrum (Flower, 1941a), Roubidoux F. BATHMOCERATIDAE Holm, 1899 Formation, New York, USA; Flower (1964a) noted 'straight O. (ARG-LLO) Mar. endocerid siphuncles, probably Proendoceras' from the Cooks Formation (first endoceroid zone), El Paso Group, First: Eothinoceras americanum Ulrich, Foerste, Miller and New Mexico, USA (Flower, 1941a, 1964a). Unklesbay, 1944, Rochdale Limestone, New York, USA; E. Last: Lamottoceras ruedemanni Flower, 1955a, L. nodosum maitlandicum Teichert and Glenister, 1954, Emanuel For­ Flower, 1955a, L. franklini Flower, 1958, Valcour Formation, mation, Emanuel Creek, Kimberley Division, Western Champlain Valley, New York, USA (Flower, 1955a, 1958). Australia; E. marcheuse Balashov, 1960, Chunskiy Stage, Intervening: ARG-LLN. Siberian Platform, former USSR (Flower, 1964a). Last: Bathmoceras norvegicum Sweet, 1958, Cephalopod F. THYLACOCERATIDAE Teichert and Glenister, Shale, Helgoya, Nes-Hamar District, Norway (Sweet, 1954 O. (TRE-ARG/LLNO Mar. 1958). Intervening: LLN. First: Talassoceras kumyschtagense Balashov, 1960, upper Tremadoc, Khrebet Talasskiy, Kirgizia, former USSR F. CYRTOCERINIDAE Flower, 1946 (Balashov, 1960). O. (HAR/SOU-RAW) Mar. Lash Thylacoceras yangtzeense (Yü, 1930), Da wan For­ mation, Hubei Province, China (Lai, 1965). First: Cyrtocerina sp. Flower, 1952, Lowville Formation, Intervening: ARG. Ottawa, Canada (Flower, 1952a). Last: Cyrtocerina madisonensis (Miller, 1894), C. patella F. PILOCERATIDAE Miller, 1889 0 . (TRE-ARGj) Flower, 1943, C. modesta Flower, 1943, upper Whitewater Mar. Formation, Madison, Indiana, USA; C ? carinifera Flower, 1946, Saluda Formation, Oxford, Ohio, USA (Flower, First: Piloceras and Bisonoceras (В. corniforme Flower, 1964, 1964a). Bisonoceras spp. Flower, 1964), Victorio Hills Formation (first piloceroid zone), El Paso Group, New Mexico, USA Order PROTACTINOCERIDA Chen and Qi, 1979 (Flower, 1964a, 1964b); also Piloceras tuvense Balashov, 1968 and Allopiloceras sevierense Ulrich et al. 1943, Malyy Karatau R PROTACTINOŒRÀTIDAE Chen and Qi, 1979 Mountains, Kazakhstan, former USSR (Balashov, 1968). € . (DOL) Mar. Lash Cassinoceras explanator (Whitfield, 1886), Fort Cassin First: Wanwanoceras exiguum Chen and Qi, 1982, lower Formation, Vermont, USA, and St George Group, western Quadraticephalus Zone, lower Fengshan Formation, Hanjia, Newfoundland (Ulrich and Foerste, 1936; Flower, 1978). Suxian County, Anhui Province, China (Chen and Teichert, Other species assigned to Cassinoceras, Piloceras and 1983). Allopiloceras are known from western Newfoundland, Last Numerous species assigned to Wanwanoceras, north-western Australia and northern China (Teichert and Sinoeremoceras, Protactinoceras, Physalactinoceras, Benxioceras Glenister, 1954; Flower, 1978; Sheng, 1980); these are all 172 Animals: Invertebrates of approximate Cassinian age but cannot be separated Manchuroceras and Coreanoceras from the lower Arenig of stratigraphically. East Asia (including North China, Nei Monggol, Korea, : southern Thailand), Tasmania and Texas, USA (Chen, F. NAJACERATIDAE Flower, 1976 0 . (TRE-ARG2) 1976; Zou, 1981; Stait and Burrett, 1984). Mar. Last: Manchuroceras asialicum Balashov, 1962, Siberian First: Pronajaceras yichangense Lai and Xu, 1983, P. Platform, former USSR (Balashov, 1962); Chaohuceras ? sp, hubeiense Lai and Xu, 1987, P. eccentricum Lai and Xu, 1987, Stait and Burrett, 1984, upper Thung Song Format on,* upper Fenxiang Formation, Hubei Province, China (Lai and Satun Province, Thailand (Stait and Burrett, 1984). Xu, 1987). Last: Najaceras triangulum Flower, 1971, N. bilobatum F. YORKOCERATIDAE Flower, 1968 O. (ARGj) Flower, 1971, N. chevronifcrum Flower, 1971, Oil Creek Mar. Formation, Oklahoma, USA (Flower, 1971). First and Last: Yorkoceras discordium Flower, 1968, Srioardoceras tellerense Flower, 1968, Telleroceras undulatum F. ENDOCERATIDAE Hyatt, 1883 Flower 1968, upper Canadian, Seward Peninsula, Alaska O. (ARGj -CAU/RAW) Mar. (Flower, 1968e). First: Stumbur (1962) reported Endoceras from the basal Arenig Leetse Stage, but provided no illustration or F. ALLOTRIOCERATIDAE Flower, 1955 description. Dideroceras leetsense Balashov, 1968, Leztskiy O. (ARGi-LLO) Mar. Beds, Estonia, former USSR, is poorly known and First: Several species assigned to Williamsoceras and AUocotoceras insigne Teichert and Glenister, 1953, upper Cachcoceras from the Garden City and Juab Formations Canadian, Adamsfield, Tasmania, is known only from (lower Whiterockian), Utah, USA (Flower, 1968b, 1976b). isolated endosiphuncles (Balashov, 1968; Teichert and Lash Mirabiloceras multitubulatum Flower, 1955, Valcour Glenister, 1953). The earliest undoubted endoceratid is Formation, Lake Champlain, New York, USA (Flower, Dideroceras glauconiticum (Heinrichson, 1935), 'Dikari Beds7, 1955a). lower Volkhovian Stage, Tiskre, Estonia, former USSR Intervening: LLN. i (Heinrichson, 1935). Last: Rossicoceras priguense Balashov, 1968, Pirgu Stage, F. EMMONSOCERATIDAE Flower, 1958 I Estonia, former USSR; Foerstellites faberi (Foerste, 1930), O. (ARG-LLO) Mar. i Saluda Formation, Indiana, USA (Kobayashi, 1940; First: Juaboceras braithwaiti Flower, 1968,upper Juab For- \ Balashov, 1968). mation, western Utah, USA. Flower (1968b) tentatively Intervening: LLN-CRD. placed this species within the Manchuroceratidae, but the large size and endosiphuncle form of Juaboceras F. CYRTENDOCERATIDAE Hyatt, in Zittel, 1900 are regarded here as more characteristic of the O. (ARG-LLO) Mar. Em mon socera tidae. Firsh Cyrtendoceras carnegiei Teichert and Glenister, 1954, Lash Emmonsoceras aristos (Flower, 1955), Valcour For- - Emanuel Formation, Emanuel Creek, Kimberley Division, mation, Lake Champlain, New York, USA (Flower, 1955b). £ Western Australia (Teichert and Glenister, 1954). Intervening: LLN. t Last: Cyrtendoceras hircus (Holm, 1892), Folkeslunda F. BOTRYCERATIDAE Flower, 1968 O. (PUS) Formation, Lasnamaegian Stage, Öland, Sweden; C. Mar. schmidti (Holm, 1892), Echinosphaerites Limestone, Lasnamaegian/Uhakuan Stage, Estonia, former USSR First and Lash Botryceras enigma Flower, 1968, Second (Holm, 1892); also Cyrtendoceras n. sp. Sweet, 1958, Value Formation, New Mexico, USA (Flower, 1968d). ■ Cephalopod Shale, Nes-Hamar District, Norway (Sweet, ?F. HUMEOCERATIDAE Teichert, 1964 j 1958). S. (SHE/WHI) Mar. Intervening: LLN. Flower (1968c) regarded Humeoceras as a member of the F. CHIHLIOCERATIDAE Grabau, 1922 О. (ARG) Piloceratidae despite the large stratigraphical interval be­ Mar. tween known occurrences. The present author prefers to First and Last: Chihlioceras nathani Grabau, 1922, C. follow Teichert (in Teichert et al., 1964) and to regard chingioangtaoense Grabau, 1922, Peilintze Limestone Humeoceras as a possible homeomorph after Piloceras. (=Hunghuayuan Formation), Hubei Province, China First: Humeoceras tardum Flower, 1968, Severn River For­ (Grabau, 1922). mation, Rivière Malouin, James Bay Lowland, Canada (Flower, 1968c). F. MANCHUROCERATIDAE Kobayashi, 1935 Last: Humeoceras durdeni Flower, 1968, Ekwan River For­ O. (ARG!-LLN !) mation, Rapides des Papillons, Harricana River, James Bay Genera assigned to the Coreanoceratidae (Chen, 1976; Lai Lowland, Canada; H. unguloideum Foerste, in Hume, 1925, and Xu, 1987) are typically based on incomplete, often Lockport Dolomite, Ontario, Canada is approximately recrystallized endosiphuncles. The taxonomic importance coeval (Foerste, in Hume, 1925; Flower, 1968c). of endosiphuncular structures is currently being reassessed Order INTEJOCER1DA Balashov, 1960 (MS in preparation). Consequently, Coreanoceras and allied forms are here provisionally included within the Relationships between genera assigned to this order are Manchuroceratidae pending further study. unclear and familial distinctions blurred. Teichert (in First: Coreanoceroides variabile Qi, 1980, Chaohuceras Teichert et al., 1964) recognized the Endocerida and contractum Qi, 1980, and numerous species assigned to Intejocerida within the Endoceratoidea. Flower (1976b) Mollusca: Cc)jhalopoda (Nautiloidea) 173

concluded that Intcjoceras and Bajkaloccras were not related 1980). Sheng also records undescribed species of Ormoceras to the endocerids but may be derived from the Baltoceratidae from lower in the Chiatsun Formation (Zone 3) and from (Ellesmerocerida). Flower (1976b) and Gil (1988) placed the Santaokan Formation of Nei Monggol. padunoceras, Evcncoceras and Rossoccras in the Paduno- Lash Mstikhinoceras mirabile Shimanskiy, 1961, Viséan, ceratidae and retained them in the Endocerida. Zhuravleva Moscow Basin, former USSR (Shimanskiy, 1961). (1978) described the Bajkaloceratida as comprising the Intervening: LLN-WEN/LUD, D. (1., m.). Bajkaloceratidae, Offleyoceralidae and Sichuanoceratidae. F. WUTINOCERATIDAE Shimizu and Obata, 1936 The last two families are recognized here as belonging in the Orthocerida and the taxonomic scheme used below emend. Flower, 1968 O. (ARG-LLN, LLO/CRD ?) follows Balashov (1968) and Crick (1988). Mar. First: Wutinoceras sp., Santaokan Formation, Nei F. MAJOCERATIDAE Zhuravleva, 1964 Monggol, China (Sheng, 1980). O. (TRE/ARG) Mar. Lash Wutinoceras aigawaense (Endo, 1932), Ssuyen Lime­ First and Lash Majoceras jakutense Zhuravleva, 1964, stone, southern Manchuria, China (Endo, 1932). The struc­ Yakutia, Maiya River, Siberian Platform, former USSR ture of the siphonal canal in this species may indicate (Zhuravleva, 1964). assignment elsewhere. The next youngest forms are F. INTEJOCERATIDAE Balashov, 1960 O. (ARG) numerous species assigned to Wutinoceras, Cyrtonybyoceras and Adamsoceras from the Antelope Valley Formation, Mar. Toquima Range, Nevada, the Table Head Limestone of First and Lash Intejoceras angarense Balashov, 1969, Newfoundland, the Kundan-Aserian stages of Sweden Chunskiy Stage, Angara River Basin, Siberian Platform, and Estonia and other Whiterockian equivalents (Flower, former USSR (Balashov, 1960). 1957, 1968a, 1976a; Mutvei, 1964). F. PADUNOCERATIDAE Balashov, 1960 F. ACTINOCERATIDAE Saemann, 1853 O. (ARG-LLN) Mar. O. (ARG/LLN0-S. (LLY) Mar. Firsh Rossoceras lamelliferum Flower, 1964, R. dentiferum Firsh Metactinoceras boreale Balashov, 1962, Actinoceras sp. Flowrer, 1968, upper Garden City Formation, and R. nov., Machiakou Limestone (middle beds), Shandong circulation Gil, 1988, Evencoceras raymondi Gil, 1988, Juab Province, China (Chen, 1976). Formation from the early Whiterockian, Utah, USA Lash Actinoceras, Glenbower Beds, Cavan, New South (Flower, 1968b; Gil, 1988); E. angarense Balashov, 1960, Wales, Australia (Teichert and Glenister, 1952). E. rozhkovense Balashov, 1960, Chunskiy Stage, Angara Intervening: LLN-ASH. River Basin, Siberian Platform, former USSR are approxi­ mately coeval (Balashov, 1960). F. GEORGINIDAE Wade, 1977 O. (ARG2 -LLN) Lash Padunoceras rugosaeforme Balashov, 1960, Krivolutskiy Mar. Stage, Angara River Basin, Siberian Platform, former USSR Firsh Georgina taylori Wade, 1977, G. linda Wade, 1977, G. (Balashov, 1960). andersonorum Wade, 1977, G. beuteli Wade, 1977, upper F. BAJKALOCERATIDAE Balashov, 1962 Coolibah Formation, Georgina Basin, Queensland and O. (ARG) Mar. Northern Territory, Australia (Wade, 1977). Lash Georgina dwyeri Wade, 1977, upper Nora Formation, First and Lash Bajkaloceras angarense Balashov, 1962, B. Georgina Basin, Australia (Wade, 1977); Georgina sp. (Stait centrale Balashov, I960, B. rozhkovense Balashov, 1962, and Burrett, 1984), Tha Manao Formation, Kanchanaburi Chunskiy Stage, Angara River basin, Siberian Platform, Province, Thailand and G. kongurensis Chen and Wang, former USSR (Balashov, 1962). 1983, Kuweixi Formation, Mount Kongur, Xinjiang Order ACTINOCERIDA Teichert, 1933 Province, China are approximately coeval (Chen and Wang, 1983; Stait and Burrett, 1984). F. POLYDESMIIDAE Kobayashi, 1940 O. (A R G -LLN ) Mar. F. ARMENOCERATIDAE Troedsson, 1926 Firsh Ordosoceras contractum Chen, 1976, lower Chiatsun O. (ARG2 /LLN1)-S. (LUD) Mar. Formation (Zone 3), Mt. Jolmolungma, Himalayas (Sheng, Firsh Armenoceras ci. tani (Grabau, 1922), Chuotzeshan 1980). Several other species assigned to Ordosoceras and Limestone, Nei Monggol, China (Sheng, 1980). Polydesmia occur in Arenig-aged limestones (Santaokan, Lash Armenoceras pseudoimbricatum (Barrande, 1874), Chuotzeshan, Pelanchuang, lower Machiakou formations) A. kiaeri Teichert 1934, Hemse Group, Gotland, Sw'eden in Nei Monggol, Hebei and Shandong Provinces, China (Mutvei, 1964). (Chen, 1976; Sheng, 1980; Lai, 1989). Intervening: LLN-WEN. Lash Polydesmia zvatanabei Kobayashi, 1940, P. shimamurai F. GONIOCERATIDAE Hyatt, 1894 Kobayashi, 1940, P. peshanense Kobayashi, 1940, Maruyama Beds, Shandong Province, China and Korea; P. elegans O. (LLN-RAW) Mar. (Endo, 1932), post-Wuting limestones, Manchuria, China, Firsh Hoeloceras yimengshanense Chen and Liu, 1976, is approximately coeval (Flower, 1976a). Machiakou Limestone, Shandong Province, China (Chen and Liu, 1976). F. ORMOCERATIDAE Saemann, 1853 Lash Lambeoceras richmondense Foerste, 1935, Lower O. (ARGi)-C. (VIS) Mar. Whitewater and Saluda formations (late Richmondian), Firsh Ormoceras nyalamense Chen, 1976, lower Chiatsun Cincinnati, USA (Flower, 1957). Formation (Zone 4), Mt. Jolmolungma, Himalayas (Sheng, Intervening: LLO-CRD. 174 Animals: Invertebrates

F. HURONIIDAE Foerste and Teichert, 1930 Himalayan Mountains (Mojsisovics, 1899) and 'Karnisch O. (LLN)-S. (WEN) Mar. Norische Trias' (Biilow, 1915). Firsh Discoactinoceras wuyangshanense Chen and Liu, 1976, Intervening: LLN-LUD, D. (m.), C. (1.), P. D. platyventrum Chen and Liu, 1976, Machiakou Limestone, F. TROEDSSONELLIDAE Kobayashi, 1935 Shandong Province, China (Chen and Liu, 1976); D. O. (ARG,-LLN 2/L L 01) Mar. multiplexum Kobayashi, 1927, Middle Ordovician, southern Manchuria, is approximately coeval (Kobayashi, 1927); First: Tajaroceras ivardae Hook and Flower, 1976, Wi hw. Climacoceras wuyangshanense Chen, 1976, Machiakou Lime­ Formation, Ibex area, Utah, USA (Hook and Flower, 1976 stone, Shandong Province, China, is based on an isolated Lash Troedssonella endoceroides (Troedsson, 1932, siphuncle barely referable to the Huroniidae (Chen, 1976). Folkeslunda Limestone Formation, Öland, Swede: Last: Huronia bigsbyi Stokes, 1824; H. paulodilata Foerste, (Troedsson, 1932); T. huanense Lai and Tsi, 1977, and Г. cf 1925; Huromella infecta (Parks, 1915), Niagaran, Michigan, endoceroides (Troedsson, 1932), Shihtzupu Formation USA; Huronia vertebralis Stokes, 1824, Middle Silurian, Hunan Province, China are approximately coeval (Lai an, Drummond Island, Lake Huron, Canada (Foerste, 1925; Tsi, 1977). Shimer and Shrock, 1944). These taxa cannot be separated stratigraphically until revised. F. SACTORTHOCERATIDAE Flower, 1946 Intervening: ASH-LLY. O. (ARG2?, LLN-CRD) Mar. First Sactorthoceras spp. nov. (Chen, 1976), upper F. CARBACTINOCERATIDAE Schindewolf, 1943 Ningkuoan (Machiakou Limestone), Shandong Province, C. (VIS-BSH) Mar. China. According to Chen (1976) this occurrence is of late First: Carbactinoceras torleyi Schindewolf, 1943, Viséan, Arenig (Didymograptus hirundo Biozone) age. However Germany (Schindewolf, 1943). associated cephalopods (including Dideroceras wennanense Last: Rayonnoceras solidiforme Croneis, 1926, R. Chen and Liu, 1976, Discoactinoceras wuyangshanense Chen fayettevillensis Croneis, 1926, R. bassleri Foerste and and Liu, 1976, Stolbovoceras boreale Balashov, 1962), support Teichert, 1930, R. girtyi Foerste and Teichert, 1930, an early Llanvirn age (Chen, 1976; Chen and Liu, 1976; Fayetteville Formation (and equivalents), Mississippian, of Sheng, 1980). Oldahoma, Arkansas and California, USA (Gordon, 1964); Lash Centroonoceras josephianum (Foerste, 1932), Lourdes Rayonnoceras is also recorded from the Namurian (E2 zone) Formation, Port au Port Peninsula, western Newfoundland of Scotland (Turner, 1951) and the Moscow Basin, former (Stait, 1988). USSR (Shimanskiy, 1961). Intervening: LLO.

Order ORTHOCERIDA Kuhn, 1940 F. GEISONOCERATIDAE Zhuravleva, 1959 Derived from the Baltoceratidae (Ellesmerocerida) during O. (ARG2)-D . (GIV) Mar. Arenig (Cassinian) times. Hook and Flower (1976, 1977) Firsh Geisonoceras sp., erratic boulder of Volkhovian age, regarded the Orthocerida (=Michelinoceratida of Flower, in Rozewie, Poland (Dzik, 1984). Flower and Kümmel, 1950) as diphyletic; baltoceratids Lash Siriacoceras typum (Saemann, 1854), Cherry Valley with 'siphonal rods' giving rise to the Troedssonellidae Limestone, New York, USA (Flower, 1936); Temperoceras and vacuosiphonate baltoceratids leading to the caucasium Zhuravleva, 1978, Zhivetskii Stage, Nakhichevan, Michelinoeeratidae (sensu Hook and Flower). Many of these Armenia, former USSR (Zhuravleva, 1978). early orthocerids are based solely on thin sections of frag­ Intervening: LLV-EIF. mentary conchs. F. CLINOCERATIDAE Flower, 1946 Superfamily ORTHOCERATACEAE M'Coy, 1844 O. (LLN-PUS) Mar. F. ORTHOCERATIDAE M'Coy, 1844 Firsh Clinoceras maskei (Dewitz, 1879), 'Red Orthoceras O. (ARG)-Tr. (NOR) Mar. Limestone of Biii-Ci Stufe' (Kundan-Aserian stages), First: Michelinoceras primům Flower, 1962, Scenic Drive erratic boulder, DDR (Neben and Krueger, 1971). Formation, El Paso, Texas, USA (Flower, 1962b). Several Lash Whiteavesites winnipegense (Whiteaves, 1892), Red other orthocerids (Michelinoceras floridaense Hook and River Formation, southern Manitoba, Canada (Foerste, Flower, 1977, M. melleni Hook and Flower, 1977, M. spp. 1929). Hook and flower, 1977, Wardoceras orygoforme Hook and Intervening: LLO-CRD. Flower, 1977) have been recorded from the lower Arenig Florida Mountains Formation and Wahwah Formation of F. DAWSONOCERATIDAE Flower, 1962 Texas and western Utah, USA (Hook and Flower, 1977); S. (LLY?/WEN)-D. (l./m.?) Mar. all these forms possess relatively broad siphuncles with Firsh Dawsonoceras tenuilineatum Savage, 1927, Lower extensive siphonal deposits. Such features are not known Silurian of North America is poorly known (Flower, 1962b); in Michelinoceras sensu stricto (Ristedt, 1968; Serpagli and several species of Dawsonoceras (including the type D. Gnoli, 1977) and assignment to this genus is suspect. annulatum Sowerby, 1818) are recorded from the Middle Further study may ultimately separate these early American Silurian of North America, Europe and Gotland (Flower, taxa into a new family which probably includes Baltic 1962b). Volkhovian forms described under 'Orthoceras' nilssoni Lash Dawsonoceras americanum Foord, 1888, Lower (Boll, 1857) and 'O.' wahlenbergi (Boll, 1857) by Dzik (1984). Devonian, Michigan, USA and Ontario, Canada (Shimer Last: 'Orthoceras' spp., 'Zone of Trachyceras archelaus', and Shrock, 1944). Arazdajanites mamedovi Zhuravleva, Italian Alps (Mojsisovics, 1882), Halorites Limestone, 1978, Middle Devonian, Mt. Arazdayai, former USSR, is Mollusca: Cephalopoda (Nautiloidea) 175

RHT 1. Lamellorthoccratidae BARRANDEOCERIDA 35. Hcmiphragmoccratidac NOR 2. Sichuanoccratidac 18. Plectoccratidac 36. Acleistoceratidae — CRN 3. Narthccoccratidac 19. Barrandcoccratidac 37. Trimeroceratidae LAD 4. Brachycycloceratidae 20. Apsidoccratidae 38. Polyclasmoccratidae — TRIASSIC ANS 5. Proteoccratidac 21. Uranoccratidae 39. Potcrioceratidac SCY 6. Stcrcoplasmoceratidae 22. Lechritrochoccratidac 40. Nothoccratidae 7. Pscudorlhoceratidae 23. Nephriticcratidac 41. Archiacoceratidae TAT 8. Mystcrioceralidae ONCOCERIDA 42. Bolloceratidae KAZ ASCOCERIDA 24. Phlhanonoccratidae 43. Aktjuboceratidae UF1 9. Hcbctoccratidae 25. Graciloccralidae OISCOSORIDA KUN 10. Ascoccratidae 26. Valcouroceratidae 44. Gouldoceratidae ART

PERMIAN 11. Choanoceratidac 27. Oncoceratidac 45. Ruedcmannoceratidae SAK TARPHYCERIDA 28. Tripteroceratidae 46. Westonoceratidae ASS 12. Bassleroccratid^e 29. Dicsloccratidac 47. Cyrtogomphoccralidae GZE 13. Tarphyceratidac 30. Guangyuanoceratidae 48. Grecnlandoceratidac К AS 14. Esionioceratidae 31. Cyrtoceratidae 49. Discosoridae MOS 15. Trocholitidac 32. Karoceratidac 50. Mandaloceralidae BSH 16. Lituitidae 33. Tripleuroceratidae 51. Entimoceratidae 17. Ophidioccratidae 34. Jovellaniidae SPK VIS

CARBONIFEROUS 34

j TOU FAM FRS 36 43 GIV i EIF J EMS 4 142

DEVONIAN DEVONIAN 1 PRA 23 1 50 LOK 1 38 41 i PRD 1 i i ! 39 40 1 LUD 1 I i 1 WEN i 1 30 ! SILURIAN LLY 2 11 13 17 22 26 1 33 35 37 49 51 i 1 I ASH I i i ! 3i 32 ; i 21 CRD 1 1 LLO 3 10 1 20 48 18 19 28 ; LLN __i__ 9 46 47 ARG 25 27 29 44 45

ORDOVICIAN ! 8 TRE 56 1516 24 MER 12 14 STD

CAMB. CRF EDI VAR

SINIAN STU

Fig. 9.2

represented only by a small conch fragment which may F. OFFLEYOCERATIDAE Flower, 1962 belong in the Geisonoceratidae (Zhuravleva, 1978). S. (WEN ?)-D. (EIF) Mar. Intervening: LUD. Flower (1962b) erected the Offleyoceratidae for orthocerids with relatively large siphuncles and holochoanitic septal F. SPHOOCERATIDAE Flower, 1962 necks. The present author follows Zhuravleva (1978) in S. (WEN/LUD), D. (1.)? Mar. regarding the Folioceratidae as synonymous. First and Last: Sphooceras truncatum (Barrande, 1868), First: Offleyoceras arcticum (Foord, 1888), Middle Silurian Middle Silurian, Czechoslovakia (Barrande, 1868). Sphooceras (Wenlock?), Kennedy Channel, north-west Greenland ? sp., Lower Devonian, south-western Sardinia (Gnoli, (Flower, 1962b). 1982) is based on an incomplete conch in which the decolla­ Last: Folioceras segmentům Collins, 1969, Eids Formation, tion features are imperfectly known, and therefore its northern Canada; F. sulmenevense (Foerste, 1925), Sulmeneva generic assignment is tentative. No other records are Fjord, Novaya Zemlya, former Arctic USSR (Zhuravleva, known. 1978). 176 Animals: Invertebrates

Intervening: GED. Superfamily PSEUDORTHOCERATACEAE Flower and Caster, 1935 F. PARAPHRAGMITIDAE Flower, in Flower and Kümmel, 1950 S. (WEN/LUD)-D. (GED) Mar. F. PROTEOCERAT1DAE Flower, 1962 First: Several species assigned to Paraphragmites, O. (ARG2/LLNO-S. (LUD) Mar. Calocyrtoceras, Gaspocyrrtoceras and Lyecoceras, Middle First: Gangshanoceras jurongense Zou, 1988, G. densum Zou, Silurian of Canada, Sweden and Czechoslovakia (Barrande, 1988, Dawan Formation, Jurong, Jiangsu Province, China 1866; Flower, 1943a; Mutvei, 1957). (Zou, 1988). Last: Arterioceras concavum Zhuravleva, 1978, Last: Cyrtactinoceras rebelle (Barrande, 1866), 'Stage e2', 'Borshchovskiy horizon', Podolia, former USSR Bubovitz, Czechoslovakia (Barrande, 1866). (Zhuravleva, 1978). Intervening: LLO-ASH. F. LAMELLORTHOCERATIDAETeichert, 1961 F. STEREOPLASMOCERATIDAE Kobayashi, 1934 D. (SIG-EIF) Mar. (see Fig. 9.2) O. (ARG2 -CRD)/S. ? Mar. First: Lamellorthoceras gracile Termier and Termier, 1950, First: Stereoplasmoceras, lower Machiakou Limestone Siegenian, Morocco (Termier and Termier, 1950). {Didymograptus hirundo Biozone), Hebei Province, China Last: Lamellorthoceras vermiculare Termier and Termier, (Sheng, 1980). 1950, Morocco; Arthrophyllum crassus Roemer, 1843, Harz Last: Ningkiangoceras centrale Lai, 1965, Lojoping Forma­ Mountains, Germany; Gorgonoceras visendum Zhuravleva, tion, Ningkiang, Shaanxi Province, China (Lai, 1965). The 1961, Sverdlovsk District, former USSR; Coralloceras siphonal deposits are of uncertain structure in this Middle coralliforme Le Maitre, 1950, North Africa (Zhuravleva, Silurian species which may equally well be referable to 1978). the Pseudorthoceratidae or Proteoceratidae. The youngest Intervening: EMS. taxon assignable to the Stereoplasmoceratidae is Badouceras F. SICHUANOCERATIDAE Zhuravleva, 1978 pyriforme Chen and Liu, 1976, Badou Formation, Shandong S. (WEN/LUD)-D. (GED) Mar. Province, China (Chen and Liu, 1976). Intervening: LLO. Zhuravleva (1978) distinguished this family from the Offleyoceratidae by the former's shorter septal necks. F. PSEUDORTHOCERATIDAE Flower and Caster, However, both families contain forms with similar 'seg­ 1935 O. (LLN)-P. (ZEC) Mar. mented' siphuncles and future work may ultimately First: Paradnatoceras modest um Chen, 1987, Xainza, synonymize all these Middle Silurian-Lower Devonian northern Xizang Province, China (Chen, 1987). taxa within the Offleyoceratidae. Last: Shikhanoceras sphaerophorum Shimanskiy, 1954, First: Jangziceras yinkiangense Lai, 1964, Middle Silurian, Lower Permian, southern Urals, former USSR (Shimanskiy, Tsingki, Guizhou Province, China (Lai, 1964); Neo- 1954). sichuanoceras columinum Chen and Liu, 1974, and numerous Intervening: LLO-C. (u.). species assigned to Sichuanoceras are recorded from the Middle Silurian of Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia Provinces, F. MYSTERIOCERATIDAE Sweet, 1964 China (Chen and Liu, 1974; Lai, 1982). O. (LLN-LLO)/S. ? Last: Jangziceras cherkesovae Zhuravleva, 1978, 'Vaigachskiy First: Mysterioceras tunguskense Balashov, 1962, lower horizon' Vaigach, former Arctic USSR (Zhuravleva, 1978). Krivolushkiy Stage, Podkamennaya Tunguska River, F. NARTHECOCERATIDAE Flower, 1958 Siberian Platform, former USSR (Balashov, 1962). O. (CRD)-S. (WEN) Mar. Last: Mysterioceras shengi Lai, 1965, Nancheng Shale Formation, Liangshan, Shensi Province, China (Lai, 1965). First: Tasmanoceras zeehanense Teichert and Glenister, 1952, Smelters Limestone Formation, Zeehan, western Siphonal deposits are poorly known in this species and Tasmania (Teichert and Glenister, 1952). assignment to Mysterioceras is uncertain. The next youngest record is M. australe Teichert and Glenister, 1953, Gordon Last Narthecoceras subannulatum Flower, 1968, N. brevicameratum Flower, 1968, N. exile Flower, 1968, Group (Cashion's Creek Limestone and equivalents) of Donacoceras timiskamingense Foerste in Hume, 1925, D. Tasmania (Stait and Flower, 1985). arundineunt Foerste in Hume, 1925, D. mutabile Flower, Order ASCOCERIDA Kuhn, 1949 1968, D. le ve Flower, 1968, D. humei Flower, 1968, Ekwan River Formation, Rapides des Papillons, Harrieana River, An apparently monophyletic group of nautiloids which James Bay Lowland, Canada (Flower, 1968c). Some of the exhibit truncation of conch with septal and apertural above species are also recorded from coeval beds (Thornloe modification at maturity; derived from the Orthocerida Limestone) in the Lake Timiskaming Region, Ontario, (Clinoceratidae) (Flower, 1976c). Canada (Foerste, in Hume, 1925). F. HEBETOCERATIDAE Flower, 1941 Intervening: ASH. O. (LLO-CRD/ASH) Mar. F. BRACHYCYCLOCERATIDAE Furnish etal., 1964 First: Montyoceras arcuatum Flower, 1941, M. curviseptatum D. (EIF)-P. Mar. Flower, 1941, M. titaniforme Flower, 1941, M. tuba Fknver, First: Pythonoceras boreum Zhuravleva, 1978, upper reaches 1963, Hebetoceras mirandum Flower, 1941, Ecdyceras sinuiferum of Pechora River, Komi, former USSR (Zhuravleva, 1978). Flow'er, 1941, Valcour and Crown Point Formations, New Last: Brachycycloceras, Permian, Western Australia York, USA (Flower 1941b, 1963). (Teichert and Glenister, 1952). Lash Ecdyceras foerstei Flower, 1962, Arnheim Beds, Intervening: SPK-MOS/KAS. Labanon, Kentucky, USA (Flower 1962a). Mollusca: Cephalopoda (Nautiloidea) 177

F. ASCOCERATIDAE Kuhn, 1949 priscum Ruedemann, 1906, Curtoceras eatoni (Whitfield, O. (CRD)-S. (LUD) Mar. 1886), C. cassinense (Whitfield, 1886), C. internastriatum (Whitfield, 1886), Fort Cassin Formation (and equivalents), First: Rcdpalhoceras clarki Flower, 1963, Leray Limestone, New York and Vermont, USA (Ruedemann, 1906); several Joliette Ridge, Quebec, Canada (Flower, 1963). species assigned to Hardmanoceras, Western Australia and Last: Ascoceras cf. gradation Lindström, 1890, Sundre East Asia, are approximately coeval (Stait and Burrett, Limestone Formation, Gotland, Sweden (Lindslröm 1890); 1984). Ascoceras, Aphragmitcs and Glossoceras are all recorded from Last: Graftonoccras graftonense (Meek and Worthen, 1870), 'Stage e2' (Budnanian), Czechoslovakia (Barrande, 1865). Niagaran Series, Ohio, USA (Foerste, 1925). Intervening: ASH, WEN. Intervening: LLN-ASH. F. CHOANOCERATIDAE Miller, 1932 F. LITU1T1DAE Phillips, 1848 S. (WEN) Mar. O. (ARG2 -ASH) Mar. First and Last: Choanoceras mutabile Lindström, 1890, Considerable morphological evidence (including form of 'Stratum h', Gotland, Sweden (Lindström, 1890). cameral deposits and 'muscle scars') suggests that this Order TARPHYCERIDA Flower, in Flower and family may belong in the Orthocerida. The family is con­ Kümmel, 1950 ventionally retained within the Tarphycerida here, pending results from the present author's revision of Baltoscandian Probably a monophyletic order, derived from the lituitids (MS in preparation). Ellesmerocerida via bassleroceratid-like forms (Teichert, First: Rhynchorthoceras aff. beyrichi (Remelé, 1880), erratic 1967; Flower, 1976c). The Bassleroceratidae retain con­ boulder, Volkhovian Stage, Opatów, Poland (Dzik, 1984); necting rings of ellesmerocerid type but lack siphonal Pseudoancistroceras hubeiense Lai and Xu, 1987, middle diaphragms. Following Flower (1976c), the family is Dawan Formation, Hubei Province, China, is approxi­ assigned to the Tarphycerida. mately coeval (Lai and Xu, 1987). F. BASSLEROCERATIDAE Ulrich etal, 1944 Last: Tyrioceras warburgae Frey, 1982, Boda Formation, O. (TRE-LLN) Mar. Dalarna, Sweden; T. kjerulfi Strand, 1934, 'Trinucleus lime­ stone', Frognoya, Oslo area, Norway (Strand, 1934; Frey, First: Anguloceras ovatum Unklesbay and Young, 1956, A. 1982). depressum Unklesbay and Young, 1956, A. rotundum Intervening: LLN-CRD. Unklesbay and Young, 1956, Bassleroceras cf. bridgei Ulrich, Foerste, Miller, and Unklesbay, 1944, Chepultepec- F. OPHIDIOCERATIDAE Hyatt, 1894 Stonehenge, Strasburg, Virginia, USA (Unklesbay and S. (WEN-LUD) Mar. Young, 1956). First: Ophioceras simplex Barrande, 1865, O. rudens Last: Bassleroceras xinlaiense Chen, 1976, Machiakou Barrande, 1865, Wenlock, Czechoslovakia (Barrande, 1865); Limestone, Shandong Province, China (Chen, 1976). O. reticulatum Angelin (in Angelin and Lindström, 1880), Intervening: ARG. Gotland, Sweden (Angelin and Lindström, 1880). F. TARPHYCERATIDAE Hyatt, 1894 Last: Ophiceras rota Lindström, 1890, Ludlow, Gotland, O. (TRE- ARG2/LLNi , LLO ?, ASH ?) Mar. Sweden (Lindström, 1890). First: Campbclloceras, Victorio Hills Formation (first Order BARRANDEOCERIDA Flower, in Flower and piloceroid zone), El Paso Group, New Mexico, USA Kümmel, 1950 (Flower, 1964a). Last: Tarphyceras ? morkokense Balashov, 1962, T ? excen- Originally separated from the Tarphycerida on the basis tricum Balashov, 1962, Upper Ordovician, Morkoka River, of their thin, homogeneous connecting rings. Flower Siberian Platform, former USSR (Balashov, 1962); Flower (1984) briefly presented new evidence indicating that the (1984) regarded these generic assignments as question­ Barrandeocerida was polyphyletic and suggested the order able. He previously (1976c) reported a new undescribed should be abolished and forms previously assigned to it be genus from the Chazyan of New York. The youngest included within the Tarphycerida. The Barrandeocerida is undoubted member of the family is Centrotarphyceras sp., temporarily retained here pending further study. Neichiashanian portion of Shuichuankou Formation, F. PLECTOCERATIDAE Hyatt in Zittel, 1900 Ningxia Province, China (Lai, 1982). O. (LLO)-S. (WEN) Mar. Intervening: ARG. First: Plectoceras jason (Billings, 1859), Avilionella multica- F. ESTONIOCERATIDAE Hyatt in Zittel, 1900 neratum (Ruedemann, 1906); Chazy Limestone, Champlain O. (TRE-LLN) Mar. Valley, New York, USA and Canada (Ruedemann, 1906; First: Aphetoceras, Victorio Hills Formation (first piloceroid Flower, 1984). zone), El Paso Group, New Mexico, USA (Flower, 1964a). Last: Laureloceras cumingsi Flower, 1943, Laurel Limestone Last Pakrioceras holmi Stumbur and Mutvei, 1983, Aserian Founation, Indiana, USA (Flower, 1943b). Stage, Pakri Islands, northern Estonia, former USSR Intervening: CRD. (Stumbur and Mutvei, 1983). F. BARRANDEOCERATIDAE Foerste, 1925 Intervening: ARG. O. (LLO)-D. (EIF) Mar. F. TROCHOLITIDAE Chapman, 1857 First: Barrandeoceras natator (Billings, 1859), Chazy Lime­ O. (ARG 0-S. (WEN/LUD) Mar. stone, Champlain Valley, New York, USA, Ontario and First: Trocholitoceras walcotti Hyatt, 1894, Beekmanoceras Quebec, Canada (Ruedemann, 1906; Flower, 1984). 178 An i mal s : Im 'crtebra tes

Last: Haydenoceras acutum Flower, 1949, Middle Devonian, F. PHTHANONCOCERATIDAE Evans and King, = Nevada, USA (Flower, 1949). 1990 О. (ARG-LLNj) Mar. Intervening: CRD-ASH, WEN. This family possesses primary siphonal diaphragms and thickened connecting rings typical of the Ellesmerocerida, F. APSIDOCERATIDAE Hyatt, 1884 but exhibits an exogastric curvature and narrow siphuncle O. (CRD-ASH) Mar. characteristic of the Oncocerida. Evans and King (1990) First: Apsidoceras montrealense Flower, 1943, upper Trenton regarded conch form (combined with stratigraphical argu­ Limestone, Isle Jesus, Quebec, Canada; Fremontoceras ments) as sufficient evidence for assignment of the jeuwtti Flower, 1947, Sherman Falls Limestone, New York, Phthanoncoceratidae to the Oncocerida. USA (Flower, 1943c, 1947). First: Valhalloceras floweri Evans and King, 1990, Last: Charactoceras triangulum Frey, 1982, C. kallholnense Olenidsletta Member, Valhallfonna Formation, North Ny Frey, 1982, C. suecicum Frey, 1982, C. raettvikense Frey, 1982, Friesland, Spitsbergen (Evans and King, 1990). Bodoceras torticoni Frey, 1982, Boda Limestone Formation, Last: Phthanoncoceras oelandense Evans and King, 1990, Dalarna, Sweden, (Frey, 1982); Charactoceras baeri (Meek 'glauconitic, grey Vaginatum Limestone', early Kundan and Worthen, 1865), Richmondian, Ohio, USA (Foerste, Stage, Hälludden, Öland, Sweden (Evans and King, 1990). 1924); Deckeroceras adaense Foerste, 1935, Richmondian, Oklahoma, USA (Foerste, 1935). F. GRACILOCERATIDAE Flower in Flower and Kümmel, 1990 О. (LLN-ASH) Mar. F. URANOCERATIDAE Hyatt, in Zittel, 1900 First: Leonardoceras parvum Flower, 1968, Antelope Valley (O. (ASH)?/S. (WEN/LUD) Mar. Limestone Formation, Nevada, USA (Flower, 1968b). First and Last: Records of Uranoceras from the Upper Last: Ringoceras praecurvum Strand, 1934, Lyckholm-Stufe, Ordovician (Ashgill) of Sweden (Sweet in Teichert et al., Norway (Strand, 1934). 1964) are probably referable to Charactoceras of the Intervening: LLN-CRD. Apsidoceratidae (Frey, 1982). Undoubted members of the Uranoceratidae are species assigned to Uranoceras, F. VALCOUROCERATIDAE Flower, 1945 Cumingsoceras and Jolietoceras from the Middle Silurian O. (LLN-ASH) Mar. of Europe and the USA (Foerste, 1925); without further First: Hemibeloitoceras ellipsoidale Balashov, 1962, H. revision these cannot be separated stratigraphically. ellipsoidale nujense Balashov, 1962, Krivolutskiy Stage, Stolbovoy and Nyui Rivers, Siberian Platform, former F. LECHRJTROCHOCERATIDAE Flower, in Flower USSR (Balashov, 1962). and Kümmel, 1950 S. (WEN-LUD/PRD) Mar. Last: Kindleoceras rroersatum Foerste, 1924, Manitoulinoceras lysander (Billings, 1865), Ontario, Canada (Foerste, 1924); First: Lechritrochoceras desplainense Hall, 1868, Racine Augustoceras? molense Stait, 1982, Den Member, Chudleigh Member, Wisconsin, USA; L. placidum (Barrande, 1865), Limestone, northern Tasmania (Stait, 1982). Butovitz, Czechoslovakia; Trochodictyoceras slocomi Foerste, Intervening: LLO-CRD. 1926, Racine Member, Stony Island, Illinois, USA: Leurotrochoceras aeneas (Hall, 1868), Racine Member, Iowa, USA (Foerste, 1926). F. ONCOCERATIDAE Hyatt, 1884 Last: Catyrephoceras giganteum (Blake, 1882), early Ludlow, O. (LLN)-S. (LUD/PRD) Mar. Leintwardine, UK; Peismoceras optatum (Barrande, 1865) First: Oonoceras sp. and undescribed oncoceratids, mid- and Systrephoceras arietinum (Barrande, 1865), 'Stage e' at Kundan Stage, Öland, Sweden (Dzik, 1984); Richardsonoceras Lochkov and Kozorz, Czechoslovakia respectively, may be tangyaense Lai and Xu, 1987, upper Dawan Formation, coeval or slightly younger (Foerste, 1926). Hubei Province, China, is approximately equivalent. Flower (1976c) reported undescribed Whiterockian F. NEPHRITÍCERATIDAE Hyatt, 1894 oncoceratids from Newfoundland and Spitsbergen. Last: Oocerina lentigradium (Barrande, 1866), 'Stage e', D. (EMS-FRS) Mar. Lochkov, Czechoslovakia; O. stygiale (Barrande, 1877), First Sphyradoceras clio (Hall, 1861), Schoharie Formation, 'Stage e', Dvoretz, Czechoslovakia; O. strangulatum New York, USA (Zhuravleva, 1974). (Barrande, 1877), 'Stage e2', Dvoretz, Czechoslovakia Last Baeopleuroceras incipiens Williams, in Cooper and (Foerste, 1926); Paroocerina podolskensis Zhuravleva, 1961, Williams, 1935, Tully Limestone, New York, USA; Upper Silurian, Podolia, former USSR (Zhuravleva, 1961). Triplooceras is also reported from the Tully Limestone of Intervening: LLO-WEN. New York (Flower, 1945). F. TRIPTEROCERATIDAE Flower, 1941 Order ONCOCERIDA Flower, in Flower and O. (LLO-ASH) Mar. Kümmel, 1950 Some taxa placed within this family exhibit extensive The Oncocerida were thought to have developed from cameral deposits of a type usually associated with the bassleroceratid-like forms via the Graciloceratidae Orthocerida (Flower, 1962b). (Flower, 1976c). The discovery of older oncocerids First: Allumettoceras mjoesense Sweet, 1958, Cephalopod (Phthanoncoceratidae) from Sweden and Spitsbergen Shale, Helgoya, Nes-Hamar district, Norway (Sweet, 1958). (Evans and King, 1990) indicates the order may have arisen Last: Tripteroceras xiphias (Billings, 1857), Richmondian, from at least two independent ellesmerocerid lineages and Anticosti Island, Canada (Foerste, 1926). is therefore polyphyletic. Intervening: CRD. Mollusca: Cephalopoda (Nautiloidca) 179

F. DIESTOCERATlDAEFoerste, 1926 Zhuravleva, 1974, Almaloccras obacratum Zhuravleva, 1974, O. (LLN/LLO ?, CRD-ASH) Lynchoceras occult urn Zhuravleva, 1974, Mnemoccras galithkyi First: Xaitizatioceras xaittzacnse Chen, 1987, Xungmei For­ Zhuravleva, 1974, Khrebel Karatauo, Kazakhstan, former mation, northern Xizang province, China (Chen, 1987). USSR (Zhuravleva, 1974). Chen questioned the familial assignment of this taxon, F. HEMIPHRAGMOCERATIDAE Foerste, 1926 whose conch form alone indicates placement elsewhere. S. (WEN-LUD/PRD) Mar. Earliest undoubted representatives of the Diesloceratidae First and Last: Numerous species assigned to Hcmi- are Dicstoceras lavalcnse Flower, 1952, D. sinclairi Flower, phragmoccras, Conrndoceras, Tetrameroccras and Hexameroccras, 1952, Terrebonne Formation, Quebec, Canada; D. sycon Viscocilka, Hinter-Kopanina, Dvoretz, Lochkov, Flower, 1952, Black River Limestone, Poland, New York Czechoslovakia (Barrande, 1867). and Danoccras inutile Flower, 1952, Gull River Formation, Ontario, Canada (Flower, 1952a). F. ACLEISTOCERAT1DAE Flower, in Flower and Last: Dicstoceras indianense (Miller and Faber, 1894), lower Kümmel, 1950 S. (WEN/LUD)-D. (EIF/GIV) Mar. Whitewater Formation, Oxford, Ohio and Saluda Forma­ First Numerous species assigned to Amphicyrtoceras, tion Versailles, Indiana, USA; D. scalare Foerste, 1921, Anomeioceras, Austinoceras, Byronoceras, Chadwickoceras, Riel ond Formation, Anticosti Island, Canada (Fóerste, Crateroceras, Eocyrtoceras, Euryrizoccras, Galtoceras, Herco- 1926; Lyckholmoceras estoniae Teichert, 1930, Lyckholm- cyrtoceras, Perioidanoceras, Rhomboceras, Slocomoceras, Stufe, Estonia and L. graciliforme Lai, 1982, Peikuoshan Streptoceras, and Worthenoceras, Middle Silurian, Illinois, Formation, Shaanxi Province, China, are approximately Ohio, New York, USA and Ontario, Quebec, Canada coeval (Teichert, 1930; Lai, 1982). (Foerste, 1924, 1930, 1934). F. GUANGYUANOCERATIDAE Lai and Zhu, 1985 Last Acleistoceras olla (Saemann, 1854), A. eximium (Hall, S. (LLY) Mar. 1888), A. mitra (Hall, 1888), Middle Devonian, Columbus, Ohio, USA (Foerste, 1926); Paracleisloceras dezvnicans First and Last: Guangyuanoceras depressum Lai and Zhu, (Barrande, 1865), Poieriocerina lumbosum (Barrande, 1877), 1985, G. planodorsum Lai and Zhu, 1985, Guangyuanoceroides Gonatocyrtoceras heteroclytum (Barrande, 1866), G. postscripti sichuanense Lai and Zhu, 1985, Lower Silurian, Shangsi (Barrande, 1866), 'Stage g3', Middle Devonian, Hlubocep, region of Guangyuan, Sichuan Province, China (Lai and Czechoslovakia (Barrande, 1865-77). Zhu, 1985). F. TR1MEROCERATIDAE Hyatt, in Zittel, 1900 F. CYRTOCERATIDAE Chapman, 1857 S. (WEN/LUD) Mar. S. (LLY)-D. (GIV) Mar. First and Last Several species assigned to Trimeroceras, First: Blakeoceras Uandoveri (Blake, 1882), lower Llandovery, Clathroceras, Eotrimeroceras, Inversoceras, Pentameroceras and Craig-yr-Wyddon, Wales, UK (Foerste, 1926). Stenogomphoceras, Middle Silurian of Europe (Sweden, Last: Cyrthoceratites depressus (Bronn, 1835), C. lineatus Czechoslovakia), North America and Canada (Barrande, (D'Archaic and De Verneuil, 1842), C. alatus (Holzapfel, 1865; Foerste, 1928, 1930). 1895), Middle Devonian, Germany (Zhuravleva, 1974). Intervening: LVD, EIF. F. POLYELASMOCERATIDAE Shimanskiy, 1956 S. (WEN-LUD/PRD) Mar. F. KAROCERATIDAE Teichert, 1939 S. (LLY)-D. (FAM) Mar. First Danaoceras danai (Barrande, 1866), D. insociate (Barrande, 1866), 'Stage e', Kozorz, Czechoslovakia First: Osbornoceras swinnertoni Foerste, 1936, Lower (Foerste, 1926). Silurian, Ohio, USA (Foerste, 1936). Last Cyclopites cuclops (Venyukov, 1886), Evlanoceras Last Geitonoceras lucidum Zhuravleva, 1974, Aktyubinsk evtanensis (Nalivkin, 1947), Siberian Platform, former USSR Region, Kirigziya Steppe, Kazakhstan, former USSR (Zhuravleva, 1972); Codoceras indomitum (Barrande, 1866), (Zhuravleva, 1974). 'Stage e', Lochkov, Czechoslovakia (Foerste, 1926). Intervening: WEN/LUD, D. (1.). Intervening: EMS-GIV. F. TRJPLEUROCERATIDAE Foerste, 1926 F. POTERJOCERATIDAE Foord, 1888 S. (W EN )-C. (VIS) Mar. D. (GED)-C. (VIS) Mar. First Tripleuroceras robsoni Whiteaves, 1906, Niagaran, First Cyrlogomphoceras lunatus (Hall, 1879), C. metula Stonewall, Manitoba, Canada (Foerste, 1926). (Hall, 1879), upper Helderbergian, New York (Zhuravleva, Last Psiaoceras hesperis (Eichwald, 1860), Viséan, Kalouga, 1972). former USSR (Shimanskiy, 1957). Last Poterioceras fusiforme (Sowerby, 1829), P. latiseptatum Intervening: EMS-GIV. (Foord, 1898), Viséan, Dublin, Republic of Ireland (Foerste, 1926); Welleroceras liratum (Miller and Furnish, 1938), lower F. J O VELL AN II DAE Foord, 1888 Mississippian, Missouri, USA (Miller and Furnish, 1938); S. (LLY)-D. (FAM) Mar. Argocheilus ? chinense Shimanskiy, 1957, Lower Carbon­ First Mixosiphonoceras sichuanense Lai and Zhu, 1985, M. iferous, China (Shimanskiy, 1957). subglobum Lai and Zhu, 1985, M. simplex Lai and Zhu, 1985, Intervening: D. (m., u.). M. discum Lai and Zhu, 1985, M. subcirculare Lai and Zhu, 1985, Lower Silurian, Shangsi, Szechwan Province, China F. NOTHOCERATIDAE Fischer, 1882 (Lai and Zhu, 1985). D.(l.-GIV) Mar. Last Agrioceras gregarium Zhuravleva, 1974, Corysoceras First Lorieroceras lorieri (Barrande, 1874), Lower Devonian, karatauense Zhuravleva, 1974, Mimotychnoceras zolkinae Courtoisièree, Sarthe, France (Foerste, 1926). 180 Animals: Invertebrates

Last: Nothoceras bohcmicum Barrande, 1867, Horizon G3, F. WESTONOCERATIDAE Teichert, 1933 Hlubocep, Czechoslovakia (Foerste, 1926); Oligoceras O. (LLO)-S(LLY) Mar. russanovi (Kuzmin, 1965), Eifelian, Novaya Zemlya, former First: Sinclairoceras halm Flower, 1952, Chazyan, Ste. Anne Arctic USSR (Foerste, 1926). de Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada (Flower, 1952a). F. ARCHIACOCERATIDAE Teichert, 1939 Last: Glyptodendron eatonense Claypole, 1878, Lower D. (SIG-EIF ?/GIV) Mar. Silurian, Ohio, USA (Flower, in Flower and Teichert, 1957). Intervening: CRD-ASH. First and Last: Archiacoceras subrventricosus (D'Archaic and De Verneuil, 1842), Givetian, Rhenish Schiefergebirge, F. CYRTOGOMPHOCERATIDAE Flower, 1940 Germany (Crick and Teichert, 1979). Archiacoceras rarum Kuzmin, 1966, Givetian, Novaya Zemlya, former Arctic O. (LLO)-S. (LLY) Mar. USSR lacks the diagnostic actinosiphonate lamellae and First: Strandoceras strandi Sweet, 1958, Cephalopod Shale, therefore its affinities are uncertain. Sweet (in Teichert Helgoya, Norway (Sweet, 1958). et al., 1964) recorded Cyrtoceratites flexuosus (Schlotheim, Lash Konglungenoceras norvegicum Sweet, 1959, middle 1820) from the Middle Devonian of Germany, but noted Stricklandian Series, Konglungen, Oslo, Norway (Sweet, Cyrtoceratites as possibly being a senior synonym of 1959). Archiacoceras. Teichert et al. (1979) reported Cyrtoceratites to Intervening: CRD-ASH. range from the Siegenian to the Givetian. ?F. GREENLANDOCERATIDAE Shimizu and Obata, F. BOLLOCERATIDAE Zhuravleva, 1962 1935 O. (CRD) Mar. D. (EIF) Mar. The form of the siphonal deposits in Greenlandoceras are First and Last: Numerous species assigned to Bolloceras, poorly known and assignment of the genus to the Metaphragmoceras and Paraconradoceras, Eifelian, Orthocerida may be correct. Czechoslovakia and New York, USA (Zhuravleva, 1974). First and Lash Greenlandoceras striatum (Troedsson, 1926), F. AKTJUBOCERATIDAE Zhuravleva, 1972 G. lineatum (Troedsson, 1926), Cape Calhoun Series, Cape D. (FAM) Mar. Calhoun, north Greenland (Troedsson, 1926). First: lrinites editus Zhuravleva, 1972, Atopoceras vodoresovi F. DISCOSORIDAE Miller, 1889 Zhuravleva, 1972, Aktjubocheilus anaticula Zhuravleva, 1972, S. (WEN)-D. (FAM) Mar. A. itnbellus Zhuravleva, 1972, A. verbosus Zhuravleva, 1972, A. longus Zhuravleva, 1972, middle Famennian, Aktyubinsk First: Several species assigned to Discosorus, Endo- and Chelyabinsk regions, former USSR (Zhuravleva, 1972). discosorus, Kayoceras, and Stokesoceras, Middel Silurian, USA Last: Kijoceras darum Zhuravleva, 1972, upper Famennian, (New York, Ohio, Iowa, Michigan), Canada and Europe Aktyubinsk region, former USSR (Zhuravleva, 1972). (Flower and Teichert, 1957). Lash Alpenoceras? robustum (Schindewolf, 1944), Order DISCOSORIDA Flower, in Flower and Kellerwald, Germany, is poorly known from only two Kümmel, 1950 specimens but assignment to Alpenoceras seems likely (Flower, in Flower and Teichert, 1957). Probably monophyletic; believed to be directly derived Intervening: LUD, GIV. from the Plectronocerida (Flower and Teichert, 1957; Flower, 1964a) although an origin in the Ellesmerocerida may be equally plausible. F. MANDALOCERATIDAE Flower, in Flower and Kümmel, 1957 S. (WEN)-D. (GED) Mar. F. GOULDOCERATIDAE Stait, 1984 First: Several species assigned to the genera Mandaloceras, O. (ARG2 -CRD/ASH) Mar. Cinctoceras, Ovocerina, Pseudogomphoceras, Umbeloceras and First: Madiganella magna Teichert and Glenister, 1952, Vespoceras, all from the Middle Silurian of North America Horn Valley Siltstone, Amadeus Basin, central Australia (Ohio, Illinois, New York), Canada (Quebec), England, UK (Teichert and Glenister, 1952). and Czechoslovakia (Shimer and Shrock, 1944; Flower, in Last: Gouldoceras synchonema Stait, 1980, G. obliquum Flower and Teichert, 1957). (Teichert and Glenister, 1953), G. benjaminense Stait, 1984, Last: Mandaloceras emaciatum (Barrande, 1866), Benjamin Limestone, western Tasmania (Stait, 1984). Stait Czechoslovakia (Zhuravleva, 1972). and Burrett (1987) reported undescribed gouldoceratids Intervening: LUD-PRD. from the upper Benjamin Limestone which are of early Ashgill (Pusgillian) age. F. ENTIMOCERATIDAE Zhuravleva, 1972 S. (WEN)-D. (FAM) Mar. F. RUEDEMANNOCERATIDAE Flower, 1940 O. (LLN-ASH) Mar. First: Gonatocyrtoceras inflatutn Foerste, 1930, Niagaran, Illinois, USA (Foerste, 19ЗД). First: Small doubtfully assigned fragment of Lash Selenoceras onerosum Zhuravleva, 1972, Pantoioceras Ruedemannoceras? sp., Badger Flat Limestone, Inyo County, mutum Zhuravlava, 1972, Lysagoroceras ?separatum California, USA (Flower, 1968b); the approximately coeval Zhuravleva, 1972, Levigitovyi Horizon, Aktyubinsk region, taxon Elkanoceras pluto (Billings, 1865), from the Table Head former USSR (Zhuravleva, 1972). Limestone, Newfoundland is better known (Flower, 1971). Intervening: GED?, SIG?, EMS-FRS. Last: Taoqupoceras peculare Lai, 1982, Peikuoshan Forma­ tion, Shaanxi Province, China (Lai, 1982). ?F. MESOCERATIDAE Hyatt, 1884 Intervening: LLO-CRD. S. (WEN/LUD) Mar. (see Fig. 9.3) Mollusca: Cephalopoda (Nautiloidca) 181

Mcsoceras is only known from body chambers and recogni­ F. MECYNOCERATIDAE Zhuravleva, 1972 tion of the family is uncertain. D. (l.-FAM) Mar. First and Lash Mcsoceras bohcmicum Barrande, 1877, Firsh Laumontoceras laumonti (Barrande, 1866), Lower Middle Silurian, Czechoslovakia (Barrande, 1877). Devonian, Nehou, Manche, France (Foerste, 1926). Lash Mecynoceras rex (Pacht, 1856), Paramecynoceras fixum F. LOWOCERATIDAE Flower, 1940 Zhuravleva, 1972, Novaya Zemlya, former Arctic USSR; S. (WEN/LUD) Mar. Laumontoceras improvisum Zhuravleva, 1972, Shushakovsk First and Lash Lowoceras southamptonense Foerste and region, former USSR (Zhuravleva, 1972). Savage, 1927, Tuyloceras percurvatum Foerste and Savage, 1927, Hudson Bay, Canada (Foerste and Savage, 1927). F. DEVONOCHELIDAE Zhuravleva, 1972 D. (EMS-FAM) Mar. F. PHRAGMOCERATIDAE Miller, 1877 First: Platyconoceras? kuzmini Zhuravleva, 1972, Novaya S. (WEN/LUD)-D. (GED) Mar. Zemlya, former Arctic USSR (Zhuravleva, 1972). First: Several species assigned to Phragmoceras, Last: Pelagoceras lautum Zhuravleva, 1972, P. mendicum Endoplectoceras, Protophragmoceras and Sthenoceras, Zhuravleva, 1972, Prolobitovyi Horizon, Aktyubinsk Czechoslovakia and Gotland, Sweden (Hedström, 1917; region, former USSR (Zhuravleva, 1972). Zhuravleva, 1972). Intervening: EIF-FRS. Lash Protophragmoceras nonnullum Zhuravleva, 1972, Endoplectoceras podolicum Zhuravleva, 1972, Khudkovtsy, Order N AUTILIDA Agassiz, 1847 Melbintsy-Podolbskoi, former USSR; Sthenoceras aduncum Most, if not all, Devonian to Triassic nautiloids are appar­ (Barrande, 1866), 'Stage g Г, Czechoslovakia (Zhuravleva, ently derived from the Rutoceratidae (Tainocerataceae). 1972). Early forms have cyrt ochoa ni tic siphuncles with Intervening: PRD. actinosiphonate deposits interpreted as relict features retained from their ancestors in the Oncocerida (Kümmel in F. NAEDYCERATIDAE Shimanskiy, 1956 Teichert et al., 1964). S. (WEN/LUD)-D. (FAM) Mar. First: Oxygonioceras oxynotum (Barrande, 1865), 'Stage e', Superfamily TAINOCERATACEAE Hyatt, 1883 Kozorz, Czechoslovakia (Foerste, 1926). F. RUTOCERATIDAE Hyatt, 1884 Lash Mitroceras? intactum Zhuravleva, 1972, Khrevet D. (SIG)-C. (BSH) Mar. Karatan, Kazakhstan, former USSR (Zhuravleva, 1972). Intervening: SIG-FRS. Firsh Ptenoceras alatum (Barrande, 1865), Trochoceras davidsoni Barrande, 1865, 'Stage f2', Upper Koněprusy F. UKHTOCERAT1DAE Zhuravleva, 1972 Limestone, Pragian, Czechoslovakia (Foerste, 1926). S. (LUD/PRD)-D. (FAM) Mar. Lash Aphractus adempta Shimanskiy, 1967, upper Namurian, southern Urals, former USSR (Shimanskiy, Firsh Turoceras schny reime Zhuravleva, 1959, Upper 1967). Silurian, Sverdovsk region, former USSR (Zhuravleva, Intervening: EMS-FRS, VIS. 1972). Lash Ropaloceras implicatum Zhuravleva, 1972, R? illicitum F. TETRAGONOCERATIDAE Flower, 1945 Zhuravleva, 1972, Nipageroceras riphaeum Zhuravleva, 1972, Metrioceras desertům Zhuravleva, 1972, Levigitovyi Horizon, D. (EIF-GIV) Mar. Aktyubinsk region, former USSR (Zhuravleva, 1972). Firsh Nassauoceras subtuberculatum (Sandberger and Intervening: GED-FRS. Sandberger, 1852), Orthoceras-Schiefer, Rhineland, Germany; Wellsoceras columbiense (Whitfield, 1882), F. BREVICOCERATIDAE Flower, 1941 Colombus Limestone, Ohio, USA (Zhuravleva, 1974). D. (GED-FAM) Mar. Lash Tetragonoceras gracile Whiteaves, 1891, Winnipegosis Dolomite, Manitoba, Canada (Whiteaves, 1891). Firsh Xenoceras oncoceroides Flower, 1951, Helderbergian, New York, USA (Flower, 1951). F. TAINOCERAT1DAE Hyatt, 1883 Lash Aipetoceras lebedjanicum Zhuravleva, 1972, C. (VIS)-Tr. (NOR) Mar. Lebedyanskie Beds, upper Famennian, Lipetsk region, former USSR (Zhuravleva, 1972). Firsh Gzheloceras antiquum Shimanskiy, 1967, G. striatum Intervening: EIF-FRS. Shimanskiy, 1967, Celox erratica Shimanskiy, 1967, Viséan, Kazakhstan, former USSR; Tylonautilus nodiferus (Armstrong, 1866), Viséan, Clydesdale, Scotland, UK; T. F. TAXYCERATIDAE Zhuravleva, 1972 ornatissimus (Tzwetaev, 1898), Viséan, Tul'skaya Province, D. (GED-FAM) Mar. former USSR (Shimanskiy, 1967). Firsh Brodekoceras dnestrovense Balashov in Balashov and Lash Enoploceras ausseeanus Diener, 1919, E. lepsiusiformis Kiselev, 1968, Borshchovskiy Horizon, Podolia, former Diener, 1919, E. lepsiusi Mojsisovics, 1902, 'Karnisch- USSR (Zhuravleva, 1972). Norische Misch-fauna', Hallstätter Kalke, Eastern Alps; Lash Pachtoceras asiaticum Zhuravleva, 1972, Prolobitovyi Phloioceras welteri Kieslinger, 1924, Norian, Timor; Horizon, Karagandinsk region, former USSR (Zhuravleva, Germanonautilus kyotanii Nakazawa, 1959, Nariwa Group, 1972). Lapan (Diener, 1919; Kieslinger, 1924; Nakazawa, 1959). Intervening: EMS-FRS. Intervening: C. (u.)-P. (u ), SCY-CRN. 182 Animals: Invertebrates

HOL i/ f * i ■ • b ftcy lor Dorn diagrams a PLE PLI - 2. Lowoccralidac 13. Koninckioccratidae 24. Ephippioccratidac UMI . 3. Phragmoccratidae 14. Rhiphacoccratidae 25. Clydonautilidae MMI _ 4. Naedyceralidac 15. Centroccratidae 26. Sibcrionaulilidac LMI 5. Ukhtoceratidae 16. Trigonoceratidac 27. Gonionautilidac i CHT 6. Brevicoceratidae 17. Grypoceratidac 28. Nautilidae i RUP 7. Taxyceralidae 18. Pcrmoccratidae 29. Pseudonautilidae PRB 8. Mecynoccratidae 19. Syringonautilidae 30. Paraccnoceratidae

TERTIARY BRT 9. Devonocheilidae 20. Aipoccratidae 31. Cymatoceratidae LUT NAUT1LIDA 21. Solenochilidae 32. Hercoglossidae " 10. Rutoceratidae 22. Scyphoceratidae 33. Aturiidae YPR " 11. Teiragonoccratidae THA DAN MAA * 33 CMP SAN CON TUR CEN ALB APT

CRETACEOUS BRM HAU VLG BER TTH KIM OXF CLV 32 BTH BAJ 31 i AAL i JURASSIC TOA 30 PLB SIN 28 29 НЕТ

Fig. 9.3

F. KONINCKIOCERATIDAE Hyatt, in Zittel, 1990 First and Last Pararhiphaeoceras tastubense (Krugov, 1928), C. (VIS)-P. (ART) Mar.. Rhiphaeonautilus curticostatus Ruzhentsev and Shimanskiy, First: MiUkoninckioceras konincki (Miller and* Kemp, 1947)* 1954; Sholakoceras bisulcatum Ruzhentsev and Shimanskiy, Viséan, Belgium; Lophoceras rossicum Shimanskiy, 1957, L, 1954, Lower Permian, southern Urals, former USSR regulus (Eichwald, 1857), Viséan?, Lower Carboniferous; L. (Ruzhentsev and Shimanskiy, 1954). pentagonům (Sowerby, 1819), Viséan?, Lower Carbon­ Superfamily TRIGONOCERATACEAE Hyatt, 1884 iferous, England, UK; Planetoceras retardatum Hyatt, 1893, Viséan, Belgium; Subvestinautilus crassimarginatus (Foord, F. CENTROCERATIDAE Hyatt, in Zittel, 1900 1900), Viséan, Republic of Ireland; Temnocheilus coronatus D. (EIF)-P. (ZEC) Mar4 (M'Coy, 1844), Viséan, Republic of Ireland (Shimanskiy, First: Undescribed species of Centroceras, Pine Point Lime­ 1967). stone, Great Slave Lake region, Canada; Columbus Lime­ Last: Foordiceras goliathum (Waagen, 1879), Productus stone, Ohio and Jeffersonville Limestone, Indiana, USA Limestone, Lower Permian, Salt Range, Pakistan (Waagen, (Flower, 1952b). 1879); Knightoceras kempae Miller and Youngquist, 1949, Last: Phacoceras, Lower Permian, Western Australia lower Lueder's Formation, Texas, USA (Miller and (Teichert and Glenister, 1952). Youngquist, 1949); Kummeloceras sibiricum Shimanskiy, Intervening: GIV, FAM, VIS-SPK, MOS. 1967, Verkhoyansk, former USSR (Shimanskiy, 1967). Intervening: C. (u.). F. TRIGONOCERATIDAE Hyatt, 1884 C. (VIS)-P. (ZEC) Mar. F. RHIPHAEOCERATIDAE Ruzhentsev and First: Numerous species assigned to Trigonoceras, Shimanskiy, 1954 P. (ZEC) Mar. Aphelaeceras, Chouteauceras, Diodoceras, Discitoceras, Epi- Mollusca: Cephalopoda (Nautiloidca) 183

RHT NOR ~ T CRN 1 27 LAD 26 28

TRIASSIC ANS SCY 19 25 TAT KAZ UFI KUN 18 ART PERMIAN 1 SAK 22 ASS GZE 14 KAS MOS BSH SPK VIS

CARBONIFEROUS TOU 12 13 16 17 21 1 24 FAM 20 ; 1 FRS 1 G1V 23 EIF EMS 11 15 DEVONIAN PRA 9 LOK 10 PRD 6 7 8 LUD ! I WEN i i_i

SILURIAN LLY 1 2 3 4 5 ASH CRD

LLO « LLN ARG ORDOVICIAN TRE MER STD

CAMB. CRF EDI VAR

SINIAN STU

Fig. 9.3 stroboceras, Leuroceras, Lispoceras, Maccoyoceras, Mesochasmo- Republic of Ireland; E. aemulum Shimanskiy, 1967, Viséan, ceras, Pararineceras, Rinecaris, Stroboceras, Subclymenia, and Kazakhstan, former USSR; E Idoohylensae (Foord, 1900), Thrincoceras, Lower Carboniferous of England, UK, Viséan, Republic of Ireland (Shimanskiy, 1967). Belgium, Germany, Canada, USA, and Republic of Ireland Last: Grypoceras mesodicum (Quenstedt, 1845), Norian, Alps (Furnish and Glenister, in Teichert et al., 1964). It is difficult (Mojsisovics, 1873). to relate the age of Viséan, Lower Carboniferous or Intervening: SPK-C. (u.), ZEC, SCY. Mississipian records. Last Apogonoceras remotum Ruzhentsev and Shimanskiy, F. PERMOCERATIDAE Miller and Collinson, 1953 1954, Lower Permian, southern Urals, former USSR P. (ZEC) Mar. (Ruzhentsev and Shimanskiy, 1954). First and Last: Permoceras bitauniensis (Haniel, 1915), Intervening: SPK-BSK. Lower Permian, Timor, Indonesia (Miller and Collinson, 1953). F. GRYPOCERATIDAE Hyatt, in, Zittel, 1990 F. SYRINGONAUTILIDAE Mojsisovics, 1902 C. (VIS)-Tr. (NOR) Mar. Tr. (ANS-NOR) First: Epidomatoceras maccoyi Turner, 1954, Viséan, First Syringonautilus lilianus Mojsisovics, 1882, Anisian, 184 Animals: Invertebrates

Alps (Mojsisovics, 1882); Syringoceras, Anisian, Nevada European USSR; L. hyatti Miller et al. 1933, Viséan, and California, USA (Kümmel, 1953). Belgium; L. prael и nense Shimanskiy, 1967, Viséan, Severnyye Last: Clymenonautilus ehrlichi (Mojsisovics, 1873), Úvaly, former USSR; Bistrialites bistrialis Phillips, 1836, Juvavionautilus heterophyllus (Hauer, 1849), Oxynautilus Viséan?, England, UK (Shimanskiy, 1967). acutus (Hauer, 1846), Norian, Alps (Mojsisovics, 1873, Last: Indonautilus kraffti (Mojsisovics, 1902), Norian, 1902); Syringoceras, Norian, Timor, Indonesia (Kümmel, Himalayas; Paranautilus simonyi (Hauer, 1849), Norian, Alps 1953). (Mojsisovics, 1902). Intervening: CRN. Intervening: SPK-C. (u.), P., ANS-CRN.

Superfamily AIPOCERATACEAE Hyatt, 1883 F. EPHIPPIOCERATIDAE Miller and Youngquist, F. AIPOCERATIDAE Hyatt, 1883 C. (TOU-MOS) 1949 C. (VIS)-P. (ZEC) Mar. Mar. First: Ephippioceras bilobatum (Sowerby, 1840), Lower First: Aipoceras gibber osum (De Köninck 1880), Carboniferous, Scotland, UK; E. spirale Ramsbottom and Tournaisian, Belgium; A. compressum (Foord, 1900), Moore, 1961, Viséan, Republic of Ireland (Ramsbottom and Toumaisian, Republic of Ireland; A. easleyense Miller and Moore, 1961). Furnish, 1938, A. oweni Miller and Furnish, 1938, A. Last: Ephippioceras hunanense Chao, 1954, E. involutum pinhookense Miller and Furnish, 1938, Chouteau Limestone, Chao, 1954, Lower Permian, Hunan Province, China Kinderhookian, Missouri, USA (Miller and Furnish, 1938); (Chao, 1954); E. inexpectans Miller and Youngquist, 1949, Asymptoceras crassilabrum (Foord, 1900), Toumaisian, Lower Permian, Texas, USA (Miller and Youngquist, 1949). Republic of Ireland (Foord, 1900). Intervening: SPK-MOS. Last: Librovitschiceras atuberculatus (Tzwetaev, 1888), Moscow, former USSR (Shimanskiy, 1967). F. CLYDONAUTILIDAE Hyatt, in Zittel, 1900 Intervening: VIS-SPK. Tr. (ANS-NOR) Mar. First: Styrionautilus, Ansian, Nevada, USA (Kümmel, F. SOLENOCHILIDAE Hyatt, 1893 1953). C. (VIS)-P. (ZEC) Mar. Last: Clydonautilus noricus (Mojsisovics, 1873), Norian, First: Acanthonautilus bispinosus Foord, 1896, Viséan, Alps (Mojsisovics, 1873); Callaionautilus turgidus Kieslinger, Republic of Ireland; A. sp. Shimanskiy, 1967, Viséan, 1924, Cosmonautilus, Upper Triassic, Timor, Indonesia European former USSR (Shimanskiy, 1967). and Proclydonautilus griesbachi (Mojsisovics, 1896), Uppei Last: Solenochilus kempae Miller and Youngquist, 1949, Triassic, India are probably coeval (Kümmel, 1953). lower Lueder's Formation, Texas, USA (Miller and Youngquist, 1949); Solenocheilus lauriculus Chao, 1954, is F. SJBERIONAUTILIDAE Popov, 1951 Tr. (CRN) from the Yangsinian Formation of Tanchiashan, Hunan Mar. Province, China (Chao, 1954), but its siphuncular structure First and Last: Siberionautilus multilobatus Popov, 1951, is unknown and generic assignment is tentative. If con­ Carnian, Siberia, former USSR (Popov, 1951). firmed this would represent a younger record than S. kempae. F. GONIONAUTILIDAE Kümmel, in Flower and Intervening: C. (u.). Kümmel, 1950 Tr. (NOR) Mar. F. SCYPHOCERATIDAE Ruzhentsev and First and Last: Gonionautilus securis (Von Dittmar, 1866) Shimanskiy, 1954 P. (ART) Mar. Norian, Alps (Mojsisovics, 1902). First and Last: Scyphoceras dionysi Ruzhentsev and Superfamily NAUTILACEAE De Blainville, 1825 Shimanskiy, 1954, S. ellipticum Ruzhentsev and Shimanskiy, 1954, S. angultum Ruzhentsev and Shimanskiy, 1954, F. NAUTILIDAE De Blainville, 1825 Denioceras magnum Ruzhentsev and Shimanskiy, 1954, D. Tr. (CRN)-Rec. Mar. latum Ruzhentsev and Shimanskiy, 1954, Venatoroceras verae First: Cenoceras trechmanni Kümmel, 1953, Carnian Ruzhentsev and Shimanskiy, 1954, Artinskian, southern Hokonui Hills, New Zealand (Kümmel, 1956). Urals, former USSR (Ruzhentsev and Shimanskiy, 1954); Mariceras sp., Leonardian, Arizona, USA (Furnish and F. PSEUDONAUTILIDAE Shimanskiy and Erlanger, Glenister, in Teichert et al., 1964) is approximately coeval. 1955 J. (l.)-K. (VLG) Mar. Superfamily CLYDONAUTILACEAE Hyatt, in Zittel, First: Pseudoaganides kochi (Prinz, 1906), Lias of Austria and Hungary (Kümmel, 1956). 1990 Last: Pseudonautilus aturoides (Pictet, 1867), lowei F. LIROCERATIDAE Miller and Youngquist, 1949 Valanginian, France (Kümmel, 1956). D. (FRS)?/C. (VIS)-Tr. (NOR) Mar. Intervening: BAJ-OXF, TTH, BER. First: Potoceras dubium Hyatt, 1894; Hyatt (1894) thought the single type specimen to be of Devonian age, Kümmel F. PARACENOCERATIDAE Spath, 1927 (1953) suggested an early Carboniferous (Viséan) age. J. (AAL/BAD-K. (ALB) Mar. Kümmel (in Teichert et al., 1964) noted that the specimen First: Somalinautilus fuscus (Crick, 1898), England, UF was thought probably to have come from the Frasnian (Kümmel, 1956). Iberger Kalk of Germany or Viséan of Belgium. If a Viséan Last: Paracenoceras rhodani (Roux, 1848), Switzerlanc age is correct then the taxon becomes inseparable from: (Kümmel, 1956). Uroceras fornicatum Shimanskiy, 1967, Viséan, former Intervening: BTH-TTH. Mollusca: Cephalopoda (Nautihidea) 185

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