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Mollusca: Cephalopoda (Nautiloidea)

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9 MOLLUSCA: CEPHALOPODA (NAUTILOIDEA) A. H. King The term Nautiloidea is used here in a broad sense, incorporating the subclasses Endoceratoidea, Actinoceratoidea, Orthoceratoidea and Nautiloidea as perceived by Teichert (1967). Classification at order level is relatively stable; taxonomic complications arise in recognizing the greater diver­ sity of nautiloids in comparison with ammonoids and reconciling this within a classification at higher level (Holland, 1979, 1987). The scheme adopted below essentially follows Teichert and Moore (in Teichert et al., 1964) to order level, variations from this are noted in the text; the treatment of Cambrian orders follows Chen and Teichert (1983). The enigmatic genera Salterella (=Volborthella) and Vologdinella have been regarded as taxa 'doubtfully classifiable' within the nautiloids and treated as a separate order Volborthellida (Teichert in Teichert et ai, 1964). The present author follows Yochelson (1977, 1981), and assigns these genera to the extinct phylum Agmata. No detailed cladistic analysis has been carried out on nautiloids; comments concerning the mono- or paraphyletic nature of some orders are mainly the author's own views. Order PLECTRONOCER1DA Flower, 1964 F. ELLESMEROCERATIDAE Kobayashi, 1934 (see Fig. 9.1) C. (DOL)-O. (CRD) Mar. F. PLECTRONOCERATIDAE Kobayashi, 1935 Firsh Eburnoceras pissinum Chen and Qi, 1980, upper € . (DOL) Mar. Quadraticephalus Zone, lower Fengshan Formation, Anhui Province, China (Chen and Teichert, 1983). First: Plectronoceras Cambria (Walcott, 1905), Ptychaspis- Lash Oelandoceras sp. Lai, 1965, Baota (= Pagoda) Lime­ Tsinania Zone, lower Fengshan Formation, Shandong stone Formation, Ningkiang, Shaanxi (=Shensi) Province, Province, China; P. liaoningense Kobayashi, 1935 from China (Lai, 1965). Liaodong Peninsula and P. huaibeiense Chen and Qi 1979, Intervening: TRE-LLO. from Anhui Province, China, are coeval (Chen and Teichert, 1983). F. ACAROCERATIDAE Chen et al., 1979 Lash Eodiaphragmoceras sinense Chen and Qi, 1979, C. (DOL) Mar. Jiagouceras cordatum Chen and Tsou, 1979, Lunanoceras changshanense Chen and Qi, 1979, L. précordium Chen and Firsh Acaroceras primordium Chen and Qi, 1982, lower Qi, 1979, Rectseptoceras eccentricum Tsou and Chen, 1979 and Quadraticephalus Zone, lower Fengshan Formation, Hanjia, Paraplectronoceras spp., Sinoeremoceras zone (=Acaroceras- Suxian County, Anhui Province, China (Chen and Teichert, Eburnoceras Zone), upper Fengshan Formation, Shandong 1983). and Anhui Provinces, China. Paleoceras mutabile Flower, Lash Weishanhuceras rarum Chen and Qi, 1979, numerous 1954 and P. undulatum Flower, 1964, San Saba Limestone, species assigned to Acaroceras (Chen and Teichert, 1983), central Texas, USA, are of similar age (Chen and Teichert, upper Fengshan and Siyangshan formations, Liaoning, 1983). Shandong, Anhui, Shanxi, Zhejiang Provinces and Nei Monggol, China (Chen and Teichert, 1983). F. BALKOCERATIDAE Flower, 1964 C. (DOL) Mar. F. HUAIHECERATIDAE Zou and Chen, 1979 First and Lash Theskeloceras benxiense Chen and Teichert, € . (DOL) Mar. 1983, T. subrectum Chen and Teichert, 1983, upper Firsh Huaiheceras ? longicollum Zou and Chen, 1979, upper Fengshan Formation, Liaoning Province, China; Balkoceras Quadraticephalus Zone, lower Fengshan Formation, Suxian gracile Flower, 1964, San Saba Limestone, central Texas, County, Anhui Province, China (Chen and Teichert, 1983). USA (Chen and Teichert, 1983). Lash Huaihecerina elegans Chen and Teichert, 1983, Order ELLESMEROCERIDA Flower, in Flower and Zhuibanoceras conicum Chen and Qi, 1981, numerous species assigned to Huaiheceras, upper Fengshan and Siyangshan Kümmel, 1950 formations, Liaoning, Shandong, Anhui and Zhejiang Suborder Ellesmerocerina Flower, 1964 Provinces, China (Chen and Teichert, 1983). The Fossil Record 2. Edited by M. J. Benton. Published in 1993 by Chapman & Hall, London. ISBN 0 412 39380 8 170 Animals: Invertebrates RHT NOR PLECTRONOCERIDA 26. Emmonosoceratidae CRN 1. Plcctronoceratidae 27. Botryccratidac 2. Balkoccratidae 28. Humcoceratidae LAD ELLES MEROCERI DA INTEJOCERIDA TRIASSIC ANS 3. Ellesmeroceratidae 29. Majoceratidae SCY 4. Acaroccratidae 30. Intejoceratidae TAT 5. Huaiheceratidae 31. Padunoceratidae KAZ 6. Xiaoshanoceratidae 32. Bajkaloceratidae UFI 7. Protocycloceratidae ACTINOCERIDA KUN 8. Baltoceratidae 33. Polydesmiidae ART 9. Apocrinoceratidae 34. Ormoceratidae PERMIAN SAK 10. Cyclostomiceratidae 35. Wutinoceratidac ASS 11. Shidcleroceratidae 36. Actinoceratidac GZE 12. Bathmoceratidae 37. Georginidae 13. Cyrtocerinidae 38. Aimenoceratidae KAS 14. Protactinoceratidae 39. Gonioceratidae MOS 15. Yanheceratidae 40. Huroniidae BSH ENDOCERIDA 41. Carbactinceratidae SPK 16. Proterocameroceratidae ORTHOCERIDA VIS 17. Thylacoceratidae 42. Orthoceratidae CARBONIFEROUS TOU 18. Piloceratidae 43. Troedssonellidae 41 FAM 19. Najaceratidae 44. Sactorthoceratidae FRS 20. Endoceratidae 45. Geisonoceratidae GIV 21. Cyrtendoceratidae 46. Clinoceratidae 1 49____ EIF 22. Chihlioceratidae 47. Dawsonoceratidae i 23. Manchuroceratidae 48. Sphooceratidae I EMS • DEVONIAN 24. Yorkoceratidae 49. Offleyoceratidae t PRA 25. Allotrioceratidae 50. Paraphragmatidae 1 LOK 1 PRD LUD WEN 1 1 1 1 ___ SILURIAN LLY 20 28 ’ 48 50 ASH r 1 35 47 1 CRD 11 27 1 43 U 1 > LLO 13 17 37 1 8 LLN 19 22 24 32 DC ARG 26 1 [39 40 46 О 1 1T T T 1 ! TRE 9 10 12 21 23 25 30 31 33 34 36 38 42 44 45 MER N 1 1 17 8 1 |16 18 29 STD 1 2 3 4 5 6 14 15 CAMB. CRF EDI VAR SINIAN STU Fig. 9.1 F. XIAOSHANOCERAT1DAE Chen and Teichert, 1930), Shihtzupu Formation, Hunan Province, China 1983 C. (DOL) Mar. (Sheng, 1980). Intervening: ARG-LLN. First and Last: Xiaoshanoceras jini Chen and Teichert, 1983, X. subcirculare Chen and Teichert, 1983, Acaroceras Zone, F. BALTOCERATIDAE Kobayashi, 1935 upper Siyangshan Formation, Xiaoshigai, Zhejiang Pro­ O. (TRE-CRD) Mar. vince, China (Chen and Teichert, 1983). First: Microbaltoceras minore Flower, 1964, Tanyard For­ F. PROTOCYCLOCERATIDAE Kobayashi, 1935 mation, Gillespie County, Texas, USA. This species is O. (TRE-LLO3) Mar. based on fragmentary material and may be referable to First: Walcottoceras obliquum Ulrich, Foerste, Miller, and the Ellesmeroceratidae. The next oldest species is Rioceras Unklesbay, 1944, lower Canadian (Gasconadian), Iowa, expansum Flower, 1964, Cooks Formation, El Paso Group, USA (Ulrich et al., 1944). Rhodes Canyon, New Mexico, USA (Flower, 1964a). Last: Protocycloceras deprati Reed, 1917, P. wongi (Yü, Last: Cartersoceras noveboracense Flower, 1952, Amsterdam Mollusca: Cephalojwda (Nautiloidca) 171 Limestone, New York, USA, C. shidclcri Flower, 1964, and Mastoceras, upper Fengshan Formation, Liaoning, Carter's Limestone, Tennessee, USA (Flower, 1964a). Shandong and Anhui Provinces, China (Chen and Teichert, Intervening: ARG-LLO. 1983). F. APOCRINOCERATIDAE Flower in Flower and Order YANHECER1DA Chen and Qi, 1979 Teichert, 1957 O. (ARG) Mar. F. YANHECERATIDAE Chen and Qi, 1979 First: Apocrinoceras lalboli Teichert and Glenister, 1954, C. (DOL) Mar. Emanuel Formation ('horizon 3'), Emanuel Creek, Kimberley Division, Western Australia (Teichert and First and Last: Yanhcceras anhuiense Chen and Qi, 1979, Y. Glenister, 1954). endogastrum Chen, 1979, Y. longiconum Chen and Qi, 1979, Last: Glenisleroceras obscurum Flower in Flower and Aetheloxoceras suxianense Chen and Qi, 1979, Archendoccras Teichert, 1957, Fort Cassin Formation, Champlain Valley, coniparlitum Chen and Qi, 1979, Oonendoceras sinicum Chen New York, USA (Flower, 1964a). and Qi, 1982, upper Fengshan Formation, Shandong and Anhui Provinces, China (Chen and Teichert, 1983). F. CYCLOSTOMICERATIDAE Foerste, 1925 O. (ARG-LLN]) Mar. Order ENDOCERIDA Teichert, 1933 First: Cyclostomiceras cassinense (Whitfield, 1886), The earliest endocerids (Proterocameroceratidae) are C. minimum (Whitfield, 1886), Fort Cassin Formation, commonly regarded to have arisen from longiconic Champlain Valley, New York, USA (Flower, 1964a). cllesmerocerids (Ellesmeroceratidae) via the development Last: Pictetoceras eichwaldi (De Verneuil, 1845), Kundan of endocones from siphonal diaphragms (Flower, 1976c). Stage (Aluojan Substage), Ural Mountains and Estonia, The Piloceratidae may also be more simply derived from former USSR (Mutvei and Stumbur, 1971). curved breviconic ellesmeroceratids than from the Proterocameroceratidae as believed by Flower (1976b). F. SHIDELEROCERATIDAE Flower, 1946 Such a phylogeny implies that endocones originated O. (RAW) Mar. more than once from different sources within the First and Last: Shidelcroccras sinuatum Flower, 1946, Ellesmeroceratidae, and consequently the Endocerida are S. simplex Flower, 1946, lower Whitewater Formation, polyphyletic. Cincinnati; S. gracile Flower, 1946, Saluda Formation, Cincinnati, USA, all Richmondian (Flower, 1964a). F. PROTEROCAMEROCERATIDAE Kobayashi, 1937 O. (TRE-LLO) Mar. Suborder Cyrtocerinina Flower, 1964 First: Procndoceras annulifcrum (Flower, 1941a), Roubidoux F. BATHMOCERATIDAE Holm, 1899 Formation, New York, USA; Flower (1964a) noted 'straight O. (ARG-LLO) Mar. endocerid siphuncles, probably Proendoceras' from the Cooks Formation (first endoceroid zone), El Paso Group, First: Eothinoceras americanum Ulrich, Foerste, Miller and New Mexico, USA (Flower, 1941a, 1964a). Unklesbay, 1944, Rochdale Limestone, New York, USA; E. Last: Lamottoceras ruedemanni Flower, 1955a, L. nodosum maitlandicum Teichert and Glenister, 1954, Emanuel For­ Flower, 1955a, L. franklini Flower, 1958, Valcour Formation, mation, Emanuel Creek, Kimberley Division, Western
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  • Late Silurian Trilobite Palaeobiology And

    Late Silurian Trilobite Palaeobiology And

    LATE SILURIAN TRILOBITE PALAEOBIOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY by ANDREW JAMES STOREY A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham February 2012 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT Trilobites from the Ludlow and Přídolí of England and Wales are described. A total of 15 families; 36 genera and 53 species are documented herein, including a new genus and seventeen new species; fourteen of which remain under open nomenclature. Most of the trilobites in the British late Silurian are restricted to the shelf, and predominantly occur in the Elton, Bringewood, Leintwardine, and Whitcliffe groups of Wales and the Welsh Borderland. The Elton to Whitcliffe groups represent a shallowing upwards sequence overall; each is characterised by a distinct lithofacies and fauna. The trilobites and brachiopods of the Coldwell Formation of the Lake District Basin are documented, and are comparable with faunas in the Swedish Colonus Shale and the Mottled Mudstones of North Wales. Ludlow trilobite associations, containing commonly co-occurring trilobite taxa, are defined for each palaeoenvironment.

  • Lower Paleozoic

    Paleozoic Time Scale and Sea-Level History Sponsored, in part, by: Time ScaLe R Creator Updated by James G. Ogg (Purdue University) and Gabi Ogg to: GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE 2004 Cen Mesozoic (Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., Smith, A.G., et al.2004) Paleozoic ICS Precambrian and The Concise Geologic Time Scale (Ogg, J.G., Ogg, G. & Gradstein, F.M., 2008) Paleozoic Sequences -- Haq and Schutter (Science, 2008) Geo- magnetic Standard Chronostratigraphy Mega- Sequences Coastal Onlap and Mean Sea- Paleozoic Long- and Silurian-Ordovician Ordovician Trilobite Zones and Polarity Sequences (nomenclature by Level (intermediate term) Short-Term Sea Level Sea Level Sealevel Events major Cambrian events Conodont Zonation Graptolite Zonation Age Period Epoch Stage Primary of Sloss J. Ogg) 0 100 200m 0 100 200m 0 100 200m (Baltoscandia) South China 416.1 Monograptus bouceki - Oulodus elegans detortus transgrediens - perneri Silur-8 Monograptus branikensis - Pri-1 417.5 lochkovensis 418.02 Ozarkodina remscheidensis Pridoli Interval Zone Monograptus parultimus - ultimus 418.7 Lud-3 419.0 Ozarkodina crispa Monograptus formosus 419.75 Silur-7 Ozarkodina snajdri Interval Zone Neocucullograptus kozlowskii - 420 Ludfordian Ludlow-Pridoli Polonograptus podoliensis Lud-2 420.5 420.7 Polygnathoides siluricus mixed-polarity interval 421.0 Saetograptus leintwardinensis 421.3 Lud-1 Ancoradella ploeckensis Ludlow Lobograptus scanicus Gorstian 422.0 Silur-6 [ not zoned ] 422.9 Kockelella stauros Neodiversograptus nilssoni Gor-1 423.0 Colonograptus ludensis Colonograptus praedeubeli