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Nuevos Datos Sobre Algunas Especies De Nemopteridae Y Crocidae (Insecta: Neuroptera)

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Nuevos Datos Sobre Algunas Especies De Nemopteridae Y Crocidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) Heteropterus Revista de Entomología 2008 Heteropterus Rev. Entomol. 8(1): 1-33 ISSN: 1579-0681 Nuevos datos sobre algunas especies de Nemopteridae y Crocidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) V. J. MONSERRAT Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física; Facultad de Biología; Universidad Complutense; E-28040 Madrid; Spain; E-mail: [email protected] Resumen Se aportan nuevos datos sobre la taxonomía, distribución, biología, morfología y/o estadios preimaginales de 16 especies de Nemopteridae y Crocidae. Se propone Pterocroce Withycombe, 1923 como nueva sinonimia de Necrophylus Roux, 1833 y Pterocroce capillaris (Klug, 1836) como nueva sinonimia de Necrophylus arenarius Roux, 1833. Se propone la designación de neotipo para Necrophylus arenarius Roux, 1833. Se describe el huevo de Lertha extensa (Olivier, 1811), L. sheppardi (Kirby, 1904) y Dielocroce ephemera (Gerstaecker, 1894). Se describen los estadios lar- varios de Lertha extensa y L. sheppardi y se aportan nuevos datos biológicos y morfológicos sobre las larvas de Croce schmidti (Navás, 1927), Necrophylus arenarius Roux, 1833, Laurhervasia setacea (Klug, 1836) y Dielocroce hebraea Hölzel, 1975. Se comentan algunos aspectos sobre el comportamiento, biología, preferencias alimentarias y desarrollo en las larvas de Lertha. Se aporta una clave de géneros de los estadios juveniles conocidos en Nemopteridae y Crocidae y, con base en los datos conocidos sobre sus estadios larvarios, se propone una nueva clasificación taxonómica y sistemática en Crocidae, incluyendo Necrophylini trib. nov. Por las diferentes características de sus larvas, se reconsidera válido el género Thysanocroce Withycombe, 1923 y no como sinónimo de Laurhervasia Navás, 1914. Se realiza un análisis biogeográfico que puede explicar la posible evolución y la actual distribución geográfica de Crocidae. Palabras clave: Faunística, taxonomía, sistemática, Neuroptera, Nemopteridae, Crocidae, huevo, larva, desa- rrollo, comportamiento. Laburpena Datu berriak Nemopteridae eta Crocidae-ren espezie batzuei buruz (Insecta: Neuroptera) Nemopteridae eta Crocidae familietako 16 espezieren taxonomia, banaketa, biologia, morfologia edota fase preimaginalei buruzko datu berriak ematen dira. Pterocroce Withycombe, 1923 generoa Necrophylus Roux, 1833 generoaren sinonimotzat proposatzen da, eta Pterocroce capillaris (Klug, 1836) espeziea Necrophylus arenarius Roux, 1833 espeziearena. Neotipoa proposatzen da Necrophylus arenarius Roux, 1833 espeziearentzat. Lertha extensa (Oli- vier, 1811), L. sheppardi (Kirby, 1904) eta Dielocroce ephemera (Gerstaecker, 1894) espezieen arrautzak deskribatzen dira. Lertha extensa eta L. sheppardiren larba-estadioak deskribatzen dira eta Croce schmidti (Navás, 1927), Necrophylus arenarius Roux, 1833, Laurhervasia setacea (Klug, 1836) eta Dielocroce hebraea Hölzel, 1975 espezieen larbei buruzko datu biologiko eta morfologiko berri batzuk ematen dira. Lertharen larben portaeraren, biologiaren, elika-prefe- rentzien eta garapenaren inguruko zenbait alderdi komentatzen dira. Nemopteridae eta Crocidae-ren generoetarako ezagunak diren gazte-estadioen klabe bat aurkezten da eta, larba-es- tadioei buruzko datu ezagunak aintzat hartuta, Crocidae-ren sailkapen taxonomiko eta sistematiko berri bat propo- satzen da, Necrophylini trib. nov. ere barnean delarik. Haien larben ezaugarri desberdinak direla eta, Thysanocroce Withycombe, 1923 ontzat berrartzen da eta ez Laurhervasiaren Navás, 1914 sinonimotzat. Crocidae-ren litekeen ebo- luzioa eta gaur egungo banaketa geografikoa azaltzeko balio dezakeelakoan, analisi biogeografikoa ere garatzen da. Gako-hitzak: Faunistika, taxonomia, sistematika, Neuroptera, Nemopteridae, Crocidae, arrautza, larba, gara- pena, portaera. Abstract New data on some species of Nemopteridae and Crocidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) New data on the taxonomy, distribution, biology, morphology and/or preimaginal stages of 16 spoon-winged 2 MONSERRAT: Nuevos datos sobre Nemopteridae y Crocidae (Neuroptera) and thread-winged lace-wing species (Nemopteridae and Crocidae) are given. The genus Pterocroce Withycombe, 1923 is proposed as a new synonym of Necrophylus Roux, 1833, and Pterocroce capillaris (Klug, 1836) as a new synonym of Necrophylus arenarius Roux, 1833. A neotype designation for Necrophylus arenarius Roux, 1833 is pro- posed. The eggs of Lertha extensa (Olivier, 1811), L. sheppardi (Kirby, 1904) and Dielocroce ephemera (Gerstaecker, 1894) are described. The larval stages of Lertha extensa and L. sheppardi are described and new data are provided on the larval morphology and biology of Croce schmidti (Navás, 1927), Necrophylus arenarius Roux, 1833, Laurhervasia setacea (Klug, 1836) and Dielocroce hebraea Hölzel, 1975. Some new data on the behaviour, biology, feeding prefe- rences and development of Lertha larvae are commented. A key to the genera of the known mature larvae of Nemopteridae and Crocidae is included and the known larval characters of the different genera are commented in order to contribute to the systematics of these families. On the basis of the larval characteristics a new taxonomic and systematic classification within Crocidae is provided, including Necrophylini trib. nov., and the genus Thysanocroce Withycombe, 1923 is reconsidered as a valid genus and not as a synonym of Laurhervasia Navás, 1914. A biogeographical analysis is also made on Crocidae in order to explain its possible evolution and its current geographical distribution. Key words: Faunistics, taxonomy, systematics, Neuroptera, Nemopteridae, Crocidae, egg, larva, development, behaviour. Introducción hábitats específicos y, en Crocidae, a las especiales condiciones ambientales, mayoritariamente troglo- Bien sean consideradas a nivel de subfamilia (Nemop- bias, donde se desarrollan, siendo realmente escasa terinae y Crocinae), bien a nivel de familia (Nemop- la información de que disponemos sobre la distri- teridae y Crocidae), este interesante grupo de neu- bución real de muchas especies.Aunque los estadios rópteros incluye respectivamente 19 y 17 géneros larvarios en Crocidae son bastante bien conocidos vivientes distribuidos por las zonas áridas y subde- en la mayoría de sus géneros, en Nemopteridae son sérticas de las Regiones Paleártica occidental, Afro- casi desconocidos (ver referencias en cada caso). tropical, de Oriente Medio, Neotropical, Australiana En la presente contribución anotamos nuevos datos y Sur de la Región Oriental y, en su conjunto, inclu- sobre la distribución, biología, morfología, y/o esta- yen 151 especies, en ocasiones muy espectaculares dios preimaginales de 16 especies pertenecientes a y a veces de gran tamaño y de vistosos colores. estas dos familias. Son habitantes de espacios abiertos en el caso de Nemopteridae (101 especies) y frágiles, delicadas y habitantes de oquedades, cuevas y habitaciones hu- manas en el de Crocidae (50 especies), con curiosas adaptaciones y estrategias de supervivencia a los áridos e inhóspitos medios donde habitualmente Material y método viven (Hölzel, 1975a; Aspöck et al., 1980, 2001; Man- sell, 1992, 1996). La mayoría de los ejemplares que se citan pertenecen Estas familias habían sido revisadas por Navás (1910, a la colección del autor; sin embargo, otra parte del 1912) y no adquirieron un suficiente nivel de conoci- material estudiado pertenece a diferentes coleccio- miento hasta la obra de Tjeder (1967) pero, a diferen- nes. Listamos todas ellas a continuación, anotando cia de lo que ocurre recientemente en otras familias las siglas empleadas para indicar la pertenencia del de neurópteros, especialmente en aquellas de interés material que se cita: aplicado, se ha venido publicando un proporcional- (DBDU): Department of Biology, Dicle University mente escaso número de datos sobre estas familias; (Diyarbakir,Turquía). esto es probablemente debido, en Nemopteridae, a la mayor dificultad en su recolección por el carácter (JB): Colección J. Blasco (Zaragoza, España). monovoltino y por la breve temporalidad en la emer- (MG): Museo Civico di Storia Naturale «G. Doria» gencia de sus imagos, generalmente restringidos a (Génova, Italia). Heteropterus Rev. Entomol. (2008) 8(1): 1-33 3 (MZB): Museu de Zoologia (Barcelona, España). Resultados y discusión (NHM): The Natural History Museum (Londres, Reino Unido). (NMB): Naturhistorisches Museum (Basel, Suiza). 1. Nemopteridae (TAMU): Department of Entomology, Texas A. & M. University (College Station, USA). (UCM): Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Universidad Complutense (Madrid, MATERIAL ESTUDIADO España). (VM): Colección V. J. Monserrat (Madrid, España). Nemoptera bipennis (Illiger, 1812) Las especies que se mencionan siguen la ordenación Especie de distribución atlanto-mediterránea, cono- general dada por Aspöck et al. (1980, 2001). De cada cida de España, Portugal, Francia y Marruecos. una de las 16 especies citadas en esta contribución anotamos una breve sinopsis de su estado actual de Material estudiado: conocimiento, de su distribución general previamente ESPAÑA: Almería, Cabo de Gata, Los Escullos, conocida, así como de la información reciente más 9.VII.2005, 1 % avistado,V.J. Monserrat (VM), La Serena, significativa que merezca citarse en relación con los Bédar, 17.VII.2007, 1 &,V.J. Monserrat (VM). Ávila, Cebre- datos aportados. ros, VI.1987, 1 &, M.C. Ochoa (UCM), 1 &, J. Gómez (UCM), La Horcajada, 21.VI.1998, 1 &, A. Arillo (VM), Peguerinos, Para la exposición del material estudiado, éste se cita V.1988, 1 &, M.E. Durán (UCM). Cuenca, Cañete, VI.1987, ordenado alfabética- y cronológicamente
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