DOCSLIB.ORG

Neuroptera-Planipennia FAMILY Nemopteridae (BURMEISTER, 1839)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Neuroptera-Planipennia FAMILY Nemopteridae (BURMEISTER, 1839) Chapter XIII Neuroptera-Planipennia The Lace-wings of Southern Africa 6. Family Nemopteridae By Bo TJEDER This paper forms the sixth report on the Neuroptera-Planipennia of Southern Africa, a study supported by grants from the Swedish Natural Science Research Council. The first, second, third, fourth and fifth reports were published in the 4th, 6th, 7th, 8th and 12th volumes of this series respectively. They contain introductio~iand monographs of the families Coniopterygidae, Sisyridae and Osmylidae (vol. 4, chapter 111, 1957), Berothidae (vol. 6, chapter XV, 1959), Psychopsidae (vol. 7, chapter X, 1960), Hemerobiidae (vol. 8, chapter V, 1961) and Chrysopidae (vol. 12, chapter IT, 1966). FAMILYNemopteridae (BURMEISTER,1839) Spoon-winged Lace-wings and Thread-winged Lace-wings SYNONYMY Nematopteridae BURMEISTER,1839, p. 984. NemoptCrides RAMBUR,1842, p. 332. Nemoptcridae BRAUER,1852, p. 75 et pl. ii (ct auctores). Type genus: Nemoptera LATREILLE,1802. The presence of a long rostrum in the type genus, suggestive of Panorpa caused earlier authors: LINNAEUS,FORSKAL, GMELIN, ILLIGER and FABRICIUSto deal with species of Ne- lnopterids as belonging to the genus Panorpa (Mekoptera). But very few species were avai- lable to them, all with a long rostrum. LATREILLE(1802) also considered the group, described by him as the genus Nemoptera to be allied to Panorpa and arranged the genus in the family Panorpatae together with Panorpa and Bittacus. KLUG (1836) felt dubious about this arrangement and was of opinion that Nemoptera "eigentlich in der Fainilie Hemerobiini ihren Platz finden". It may be of interest to note that also the long hilidwings have led to a peculiar opinion of the systenlatic position of these lace-wings. LINNL'Spupil HASSELQUIST(1757) regarded thus the Greek Nemoptera coa L. as an Ephemera, apparently mistaking the narrow hind- wings as homologous with the caudal filaments of Ephemera. Nemoptera species have in still more ancient times been dealt with as Libella (PETIVER:Gazophylacii naturae et artis decades 10; dec. vi, tab. 73, f. 11,1702-171 1) and even as Papilio, by RUYSCH,who in Thesau- rus animalium primus (1710) has given a fine picture of Nemoptera coa L. under the name of Papilio Turcicus. BURMEISTER(1839) was the first to establish a special family for these insects, Nematop- teridae, basing the name 011 his genus Nematoptera. This genus is, however, synonymous with Nemoptera LATREILLE(1 802), and the family name was therefore changed by BRAUER (1 852) to Neinopteridae, which name still is in use. TILLYARD(1926) who divided the Neu- roptera-Planipennia into a number of superfamilies, erected the Nemopteroidea for this family. The family has been the object for several monographs and synopses, by KLUG(1836), WESTWOOD(1841, 1842), HACEN(1886), KIRBY(1900) and NAV~(1910, 1912). Figures of the mouthparts of a European Nemoptera species were given by KLUG(1836), and HOYT (1952) studied and figured the mouthparts of the Chilean Stenorrhachus walkeri Mc LACHLAN,a species with short rostrum. ACKER(1958) has published a fine study of the comparative morphology of the mentioned species from Chile and of a Nemia species from Southern Africa. The head structures of Dielocroce baudii (GRIFFINI)from Cyprus have been described by the present author (1958). The internal morphology of the imagines seems never to have been studied. Fine papers on the life histories of Indian and North African species of the subfamily Crocinae have been published by IMMS(191 l), WITHYCOM- BE (1923 and 1924), PIERRE(1952) and HAFEZand EL-MOURSY(1965). DESCRIPTION The family comprises lace-wings of extraordinary appearance, easily distinguished by remarkably specialized hindwings which are longer than the forewings, ribbon-like, with or without apical dilation or even thread-like, and by very short metathorax. The family has been divided into two subfamilies, the Nemopterinae, in which the hind- wings are ribbon-like with or without dilation, and the Crocinae which have thread-like hindwings. The adults are medium-sized to large insects with a length of the forewing of 7-35 mm, of the hindwing 19-90 mm, in the South African species 10-35 and 19-77 mm respectively. Head medium-sized, either without rostrum (Derhynchia n.g., fig. 1881) or prolonged into a rostrum, which inay be very short (Stenorrhachus MCLACHLAN,fig. 1887, Savignyella KIRBY,fig. 1889, Semirhynchia n.g. $, fig. 1891), of medium length (Semirhynchia n.g. Q, fig. 1897, Josandreva NAVAS)or long to very long (most genera). Only a few sutures are usually distinct: the epicranial suture, a pair of frontal sutures, the suture between clypeus and labruin (a wide membranous conjunctivum) and, on the ventral side, the occipital suture. The postfrontal suture may be distinct as are also the clypeo-genal sutures while the epistomal suture may be distinct laterally, usually only faintly indicated medially. Anterior tentorial pits wide, posterior pits small and narrow fissures. Teiltorium in the form of a pair of strong bars which on the inner side usually are widened into a more or less broad plate-like structure; close to the occipital foramen the two bars are united by a narrow tentorial bridge which may have a median prolongation directed forwards (Deuhynchin B. TJEDER Figs. 1881-1886. Derhynchia vansonin.sp. (paratype 8).- 1881. Head, frontal. - 1882. Head and pronoturn, dorsal. - 1883. Head, ventral. - 1884. Base of antenna. - 1885. Middle and apical parts of ditto (20th-33rd flagellar segments). - 1886. Tip of ditto, more enlarged. Abbreviations: atp = anterior tentorial pit; cl = clypeus; cls = clypeo-labral suture; co = cardo; dcs = dorsal cervical sclerite; eps = epicranial suture; ept - epistomal suture; fo = foramen orbitale; fs = frontal suturc; g = gena; hyp = hypopharynx; Ibr = labrum; Ip = labial palpus; m = mentum; md = mandible; mp = maxillary palpus; ptp = posterior tentorial pit; sm = submenturn; stp - stipe; t = tentorium; tb = tentorial bridge. Figs. 1887-1888. Stenovrhachus walkeri (MCLACHLAN)$. - 1887. Head from front. - 1888. Ditto caudal. (After ACKW, 1958). Figs. 1889-1890. Savignyella costata (KLUG)$. - 1889. Head, frontal. - 1890. Ditto, caudal. Abbreviations as in figs. 1881-1886 and: fgs - fronto-genal suture; ga = galca; gp = gular plate; lc = laci- nia; lg - ligula; os = occipital suture; pfs = postfrontal suture. n.g., f. 1883). Compound eyes usually large to very large, small in the South African Halterina NAVASand Palmipennu n.g. Ocelli absent.1 The antennae are multi-segmented and usually filiform, in the Crocinae commonly a little thickened towards the apex. Tn the Nemopterin genus Derhynchia n.g. they are obviously thicltened towards the apex, Myrme- leontid-like (fig. 1885). In the Australian genus Chasmoptera KIRBYthey are of another type, fusiform, increasing in width from the base, the proximal flagellar segments being much wider than the pedicellum, and again tapering towards the tip. Their length varies from very short (Derhynchia 11.g.) to long, in a few cases even longer tlzan the forewing. They are usually clothed with minute setae, in some genera arranged in concentric rings, but in 1 TILLYARD(1925) says in the description of the West Australian Chasnioptera superba "eyes grey; ocelli promincnt;". Dr. L. E. KOCH,Perth, has, however, at my request examined the type specimen of the men- tioned species and informs me that it has no ocelli. 294 B. TJEDER Figs. 1891-1896. Semirhynchia dunbrodiana (P~RINCUEY)8 (Port Elizabeth). - 1891. Hcad, frontal. - 1892. Head, lateral. - 1893. Left maxilla, ventral. - 1894. Labium, ventral. - 1895. Left mandible, ventral. - 1896. Tentoriurn and gular plate, caudal. - Fig. 1897. Semirhynchia brincki n.sp. (holotype 9). Head, frontal. Abbreviations as infigs. 1881-1886 and: bga = basigalea; dga = distigalea; gp = gular plate; Ic - lacinia; Ig = ligula; pf = palpifer; pg = palpiger. some genera some proximal segments carry long, sometimes bristle-like hairs. The segments of the flagellum are usually elongate but species with short segments occur, the shortest seem to be those of the $ of the Australian Chasmoptera Izutti WESTWOODin which the proximal segments are more than twice as wide as long. The antennae are usually very stiff, the basal segments being very close together with extremely short interseginental n~embra~lousparts. The maxillae vary in length, mainly in correspondence with the length of the rostrum. Extremely long maxillae are present in the Crocinae, in which the maxillae extend to the level of the upper (proximal) part of the eye (fig. 1906); in the Nemopteri- nae they usually extend to the level of the lower (distal) margin of the eye. Thcy normally consist of a large cardo, which is almost at right angles to the ventral surface of the head, a NEUROPTERA-PLANIPENNIA Figs. 1898-1904. Nernoptevella aequabilis n.sp. (holotype 8).- 1898. Head, frontal. - 1899. Head, lateral, - 1900. Right maxilla, ventral. - 1901. Labium, ventral. - 1902. Labium, lateral. - 1903. Right mandible. ventral. - 1904. Base of antenna. long stipe, a long setose lacinia and a simple (in Crocinae) or two-segmented (in Neinop- terinae) galea, a more or less long palpifer and a palpus which usually is 4-segmented. In the Nemopterinae the palpus may be considered as 5-segmented but the 1st segment is, though segment-like, immovably fused to the stipe and the base of the galea and functions apparently only as a palpifer, while the 4 following segments are movable and function as a palpus. Taking into consideration the still more specialized shape of the 1st segment in the Crocinae (fig. 1907) 1 prefer to regard only the 4 apical segments as consituting the actual palpus. In the Crocinae the palpifer is much longer than the segments of the actual palpus and is tubular, functioning also as a tube through which the telescopic galea runs. The galea, when two-segmented, has the proximal segment (basigalea) much longer than the distal segment (distigalea). The extremely specialized condition of the Crocin maxilla is more closely described below under Lauvhervasia (p.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nuevos Datos Sobre Algunas Especies De Nemopteridae Y Crocidae (Insecta: Neuroptera)
    Heteropterus Revista de Entomología 2008 Heteropterus Rev. Entomol. 8(1): 1-33 ISSN: 1579-0681 Nuevos datos sobre algunas especies de Nemopteridae y Crocidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) V. J. MONSERRAT Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física; Facultad de Biología; Universidad Complutense; E-28040 Madrid; Spain; E-mail: [email protected] Resumen Se aportan nuevos datos sobre la taxonomía, distribución, biología, morfología y/o estadios preimaginales de 16 especies de Nemopteridae y Crocidae. Se propone Pterocroce Withycombe, 1923 como nueva sinonimia de Necrophylus Roux, 1833 y Pterocroce capillaris (Klug, 1836) como nueva sinonimia de Necrophylus arenarius Roux, 1833. Se propone la designación de neotipo para Necrophylus arenarius Roux, 1833. Se describe el huevo de Lertha extensa (Olivier, 1811), L. sheppardi (Kirby, 1904) y Dielocroce ephemera (Gerstaecker, 1894). Se describen los estadios lar- varios de Lertha extensa y L. sheppardi y se aportan nuevos datos biológicos y morfológicos sobre las larvas de Croce schmidti (Navás, 1927), Necrophylus arenarius Roux, 1833, Laurhervasia setacea (Klug, 1836) y Dielocroce hebraea Hölzel, 1975. Se comentan algunos aspectos sobre el comportamiento, biología, preferencias alimentarias y desarrollo en las larvas de Lertha. Se aporta una clave de géneros de los estadios juveniles conocidos en Nemopteridae y Crocidae y, con base en los datos conocidos sobre sus estadios larvarios, se propone una nueva clasificación taxonómica y sistemática en Crocidae, incluyendo Necrophylini trib. nov. Por las diferentes características de sus larvas, se reconsidera válido el género Thysanocroce Withycombe, 1923 y no como sinónimo de Laurhervasia Navás, 1914. Se realiza un análisis biogeográfico que puede explicar la posible evolución y la actual distribución geográfica de Crocidae.
    [Show full text]
  • From Chewing to Sucking Via Phylogeny—From Sucking to Chewing Via Ontogeny: Mouthparts of Neuroptera
    Chapter 11 From Chewing to Sucking via Phylogeny—From Sucking to Chewing via Ontogeny: Mouthparts of Neuroptera Dominique Zimmermann, Susanne Randolf, and Ulrike Aspöck Abstract The Neuroptera are highly heterogeneous endopterygote insects. While their relatives Megaloptera and Raphidioptera have biting mouthparts also in their larval stage, the larvae of Neuroptera are characterized by conspicuous sucking jaws that are used to imbibe fluids, mostly the haemolymph of prey. They comprise a mandibular and a maxillary part and can be curved or straight, long or short. In the pupal stages, a transformation from the larval sucking to adult biting and chewing mouthparts takes place. The development during metamorphosis indicates that the larval maxillary stylet contains the Anlagen of different parts of the adult maxilla and that the larval mandibular stylet is a lateral outgrowth of the mandible. The mouth- parts of extant adult Neuroptera are of the biting and chewing functional type, whereas from the Mesozoic era forms with siphonate mouthparts are also known. Various food sources are used in larvae and in particular in adult Neuroptera. Morphological adaptations of the mouthparts of adult Neuroptera to the feeding on honeydew, pollen and arthropods are described in several examples. New hypoth- eses on the diet of adult Nevrorthidae and Dilaridae are presented. 11.1 Introduction The order Neuroptera, comprising about 5820 species (Oswald and Machado 2018), constitutes together with its sister group, the order Megaloptera (about 370 species), and their joint sister group Raphidioptera (about 250 species) the superorder Neuropterida. Neuroptera, formerly called Planipennia, are distributed worldwide and comprise 16 families of extremely heterogeneous insects.
    [Show full text]
  • Autecology and Biology of Nemoptera Sinuata Olivier (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae)
    Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 48 (Suppl. 2), pp. 293–299, 2002 AUTECOLOGY AND BIOLOGY OF NEMOPTERA SINUATA OLIVIER (NEUROPTERA: NEMOPTERIDAE) A. POPOV National Museum of Natural History, Blvd Tsar Osvoboditel 1, BG-1000 Sofia, Bulgaria E-mail: [email protected] Specimens of Nemoptera sinuata were reared from eggs to second instar larvae in captivity, and observations on imagos were carried out in the Struma Valley, Bulgaria. The adults occur in open sunny places in river gorges and feed only on pollen. They are most active at noon be- tween the middle of May and the end of June. The males occur one week earlier than the fe- males. The eggs are laid directly on the ground, most often in the morning. They are spherical (rare among Neuroptera), white, opaque, with one micropyle. Up to 70 eggs are laid by a fe- male over a period of 10 days. The egg stage usually lasts from 23 to 25 days. The lid is cut off by an eggbreaker during hatching. The newly hatched larvae are 2.0–2.1 mm long, are terricolous and always buried themselves by digging to 1 cm in depth. The larvae rejected liv- ing or freshly killed arthropods, or roots and blossoms of plants. They were only observed to take water and vegetable sap. The longest surviving larva moulted in September (first instar lasts 72 days) and hibernated. It increased in length to5 mm and died in April after being reared for nine months. Key words: Nemoptera sinuata, imaginal ethology, feeding, oviposition, egg, hatching, larva INTRODUCTION Investigations on the autecology and the early stages of Nemoptera sinuata OLIVIER, which are reported here, were carried out more than 30 years ago.
    [Show full text]
  • Neuroptera: Nemopteridae) with Biological Notes
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida 4-6-2012 A new species of Stenorrhachus McLachlan from Chile (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae) with biological notes Robert B. Miller Florida State Collection of Arthropods, [email protected] Lionel A. Stange Florida State Collection of Arthropods, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Part of the Entomology Commons Miller, Robert B. and Stange, Lionel A., "A new species of Stenorrhachus McLachlan from Chile (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae) with biological notes" (2012). Insecta Mundi. 737. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/737 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. INSECTA MUNDI A Journal of World Insect Systematics 0226 A new species of Stenorrhachus McLachlan from Chile (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae) with biological notes Robert B. Miller and Lionel A. Stange Florida State Collection of Arthropods 1911 SW 34th Street Gainesville, Florida, 32608, U.S.A. Date of Issue: April 6, 2012 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL Robert B. Miller and Lionel A. Stange A new species of Stenorrhachus McLachlan from Chile (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae) with biological notes Insecta Mundi 0226: 1-8 Published in 2012 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc. P. O. Box 141874 Gainesville, FL 32614-1874 USA http://www.centerforsystematicentomology.org/ Insecta Mundi is a journal primarily devoted to insect systematics, but articles can be published on any non-marine arthropod.
    [Show full text]
  • Giraffe" Among Insects Is the Larva of a Necrophylus S
    SPIXIANA 43 2 305-314 München, December 2020 ISSN 0341-8391 A neuropteran insect with the relatively longest prothorax: the “giraffe” among insects is the larva of a Necrophylus species from Libya (Neuroptera, Nemopteridae) Andrés Fabián Herrera-Flórez, Carolin Haug, Ernst-Gerhard Burmeister & Joachim T. Haug Herrera-Flórez, A. F., Haug, C., Burmeister, E.-G. & Haug, J. T. 2020. A neuro- pteran insect with the relatively longest prothorax: the “giraffe” among insects is the larva of a Necrophylus species from Libya (Neuroptera, Nemopteridae). Spixiana 43 (2): 305-314. The larvae of holometabolan insects often differ morphologically significantly from their corresponding adults. This is also true for lacewings (Neuroptera). Al- most all lacewing larvae, such as ant lions and aphid lions, are fierce predators with rather unusual morphologies. Yet, the larvae of thread-winged lacewings (Croci- nae) are special even among neuropteran larvae. While they share the basic body organisation with prominent piercing stylets with other neuropteran larvae, many of them differ by having very long neck regions. The most extreme neck elongations are known in larvae of Necrophylus. We report here a single specimen of a stage two larva that has the relatively longest functional neck region (neck + pronotum) among neuropteran larvae. Additionally, it closes a distinct gap in the biogeogra- phy of the specimen: the new specimen originates from Libya, where Necrophylus has so far been unknown, while it has been known to occur in the surrounding countries. Andrés Fabián Herrera-Flórez, Carolin Haug & Joachim T. Haug University of Munich (LMU), Biozentrum Martinsried, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg- Martinsried, Germany; e-mail: [email protected] Andrés Fabián Herrera-Flórez & Ernst-Gerhard Burmeister, SNSB – Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstr.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversification of Insects Since the Devonian
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Diversifcation of insects since the Devonian: a new approach based on morphological disparity of Received: 18 September 2017 Accepted: 12 February 2018 mouthparts Published: xx xx xxxx Patricia Nel1,2, Sylvain Bertrand2 & André Nel1 The majority of the analyses of the evolutionary history of the megadiverse class Insecta are based on the documented taxonomic palaeobiodiversity. A diferent approach, poorly investigated, is to focus on morphological disparity, linked to changes in the organisms’ functioning. Here we establish a hierarchy of the great geological epochs based on a new method using Wagner parsimony and a ‘presence/ absence of a morphological type of mouthpart of Hexapoda’ dataset. We showed the absence of major rupture in the evolution of the mouthparts, but six epochs during which numerous innovations and few extinctions happened, i.e., Late Carboniferous, Middle and Late Triassic, ‘Callovian-Oxfordian’, ‘Early’ Cretaceous, and ‘Albian-Cenomanian’. The three crises Permian-Triassic, Triassic-Jurassic, and Cretaceous-Cenozoic had no strong, visible impact on mouthparts types. We particularly emphasize the origination of mouthparts linked to nectarivory during the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution. We also underline the origination of mouthparts linked to phytophagy during the Middle and the Late Triassic, correlated to the diversifcation of the gymnosperms, especially in relation to the complex ‘fowers’ producing nectar of the Bennettitales and Gnetales. During their ca. 410 Ma history, hexapods have evolved morphologically to adapt in a continuously changing world, thereby resulting in a unique mega-biodiversity1. Age-old questions2–4 about insects’ macroevolution now- adays receive renewed interest thanks to the remarkable recent improvements in data and methods that allow incorporating full data, phylogenomic trees besides fossil record5–9.
    [Show full text]
  • Neuropteroiogy in Southern Africa by M
    Recent Research in Neuropteroiogy. - Gepp J., H. Aspock & H. Hölzel ed., 1986, Graz. Neuropteroiogy in Southern Africa By M. W. MANSELL, Pretoria National Collection of Insects ABSTRACT Twelve families of Neuroptera, comprising about 444 species in 123 genera, occur in southern Africa. The varied climate, topography and vegetation of the subcontinent provide numerous habitats for this rich fauna. The follow- ing families, with approximate numbers of genera and species, are represent- ed: Coniopterygidae (9, 30); Sisyridae (1, 4); Osmylidae (1, 3); Berothidae (5, 10); Dilaridae (1, 1); Psychopsidae (3, 6); Hemerobiidae (7, 22); Chrysopidae (17, 79); Mantispidae (4, 35); Ascalaphidae (21, 61); Nemopteridae (15, 60); Myrmeleontidae (40, 140). Megaloptera are also pre- sent. 1. INTRODUCTION The southern African subregion is broadly defined as that area of the Afro- tropical Realm situated to the south of the Cunene and Zambezi rivers, or ap- proximately 16° to 35° south latitude. It includes the territories of South Africa, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia, Swaziland, Lesotho and the southern regions of Moçambique. The climate, topography and vegetation is varied, with annual rainfall rang- ing from less than 50mm along the west coast to more than 1000mm in the eastern mountain ranges. Most of the subregion receives rain during the summer months, but the south western areas have a Mediterranean climate with winter rainfall. Ecological conditions and vegetation range from the arid Namib desert along the west coast to the Kalahari semi-desert in the interior, to the mountainous parts of the south western Cape, which constitutes one of the great floral kingdoms of the world, with typical macchia-type vegetation.
    [Show full text]
  • Insecta: Neuroptera: Nemopteridae, Crocidae)
    Heteropterus Revista de Entomología 2012 Heteropterus Rev. Entomol. 12(2): 231-255 ISSN: 1579-0681 Los nemoptéridos y crócidos de la Península Ibérica (Insecta: Neuroptera: Nemopteridae, Crocidae) V. J. MONSERRAT1, 2, V. TRIVIÑO1, 3, F. ACEVEDO1, 4 1Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física; Facultad de Biología; Universidad Complutense; E-28040 Madrid (Spain) 2E-mail: [email protected] 3E-mail: [email protected] 4E-mail: [email protected] Resumen Se revisan las especies de nemoptéridos y crócidos de la Península Ibérica. En la zona se conocen dos especies de cada una de las dos familias. De ellas se incluye una clave de identificación de larvas e imagos, se recopila toda la información bibliográfica existente, se anotan los datos conocidos sobre su biología y su distribución fenológica y altitudinal y se aportan mapas de su distribución geográfica conocida y nuevos datos sobre su distribución y biología en la zona. Palabras clave: Península Ibérica, faunística, biología, Neuroptera, Nemopteridae, Crocidae. Laburpena Iberiar Penintsulako nemopterido eta krozidoak (Insecta: Neuroptera: Nemopteridae, Crocidae) Iberiar Penintsulako nemopterido eta krozidoen espezieen errebisioa egiten da. Eremu honetan familia bakoitzeko bi espezie ezagutzen dira. Haien larba eta helduen identifikazio-klabe bana ematen da, dagoen informazio biblio- grafiko guztia biltzen da, biologia eta banaketa fenologiko zein altitudinalari buruzko datu ezagun guztiak aurkezten dira eta ezaguna den banaketa geografikoko mapak ematen dira, bai eta eremu honetarako berriak diren hainbat banaketa- eta biologia-datu ere. Gako-hitzak: Iberiar Penintsula, faunistika, biologia, Neuroptera, Nemopteridae, Crocidae. Abstract The spoonwing and threadwing flies of the Iberian Peninsula (Insecta: Neuroptera: Nemopteridae, Crocidae) The species of spoonwing flies and threadwing flies known in the Iberian Peninsula are reviewed.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Universidade Federal Do Ceará Centro De Ciências
    1 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO CEARÁ CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE GEOLOGIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM GEOLOGIA LUÍS CARLOS BASTOS FREITAS DESCRIÇÃO DE NOVOS TAXONS DE INSETOS FÓSSEIS DOS MEMBROS CRATO E ROMUALDO DA FORMAÇÃO SANTANA E COMENTÁRIOS SOBRE A GEODIVERSIDADE DO GEOPARK ARARIPE, BACIA SEDIMENTAR DO ARARIPE, NORDESTE DO BRASIL FORTALEZA 2019 2 LUÍS CARLOS BASTOS FREITAS DESCRIÇÃO DE NOVOS TAXONS DE INSETOS FÓSSEIS DOS MEMBROS CRATO E ROMUALDO DA FORMAÇÃO SANTANA E COMENTÁRIOS SOBRE A GEODIVERSIDADE DO GEOPARK ARARIPE, BACIA SEDIMENTAR DO ARARIPE, NORDESTE DO BRASIL Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Geologia da Universidade Federal do Ceará, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de doutor em Geologia. Área de concentração: Geologia Sedimentar e Paleontologia. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Geraldo Jorge Barbosa de Moura. Coorientador: Prof. Dr. César Ulisses Vieira Veríssimo. FORTALEZA 2019 3 4 LUÍS CARLOS BASTOS FREITAS DESCRIÇÃO DE NOVOS TAXONS DE INSETOS FÓSSEIS DOS MEMBROS CRATO E ROMUALDO DA FORMAÇÃO SANTANA E COMENTÁRIOS SOBRE A GEODIVERSIDADE DO GEOPARK ARARIPE, BACIA SEDIMENTAR DO ARARIPE, NORDESTE DO BRASIL Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Geologia da Universidade Federal do Ceará, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de doutor em Geologia. Área de concentração: Geologia Sedimentar e Paleontologia. Aprovada em: 18/01/2019. BANCA EXAMINADORA ________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Geraldo Jorge Barbosa de Moura (Orientador) Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE) _________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Marcio Mendes Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) _________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Marcos Antônio Leite do Nascimento Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) _________________________________________ Prof. Dr Kleberson de Oliveira Porpino Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (UERN) ________________________________________ Dra Pâmela Moura Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) 5 A Deus.
    [Show full text]
  • Tatyana S. Vshivkova1 & Vladimir N. Makarkin1,2 Characters of Leg
    _____________________________________________________ Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Neuropterology. Piran, Slovenia, 2008. Devetak, D., Lipovšek, S. & Arnett, A.E. (eds). Maribor, Slovenia, 2010. Pp. 287–300. ___________________________________________________________________________ Ultrastructural morphology of leg cuticle derivatives useful for phylogenetic study of Neuropterida (Insecta: Megaloptera, Neuroptera): preliminary report Tatyana S. Vshivkova1 & Vladimir N. Makarkin1,2 1Institute of Biology and Soil Sciences, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; E-mail: [email protected] 2E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. Ultrasculpture of leg surface and cuticle derivatives such as spinules, sensilla, and spurs were investigated with SEM in the Neuropterida families Corydalidae and Sialidae (Megaloptera); Ascalaphidae, Chrysopidae, Dilaridae, Hemerobiidae, Ithonidae, Mantispidae, Myrmeleontidae, Nemopteridae, Nevrorthidae, Osmylidae, Polystoechotidae, Psycho- psidae, and Sisyridae (Neuroptera). These characters may provide useful phylogenetic information for Neuropterida. The polarity of twenty-five character states of the tibio-tarsal area of the hind leg is preliminary determined. True spurs were not detected in Sisyridae examined. Key words: Neuropterida, Megaloptera, Neuroptera, SEM, cuticle derivatives, microsculpture (texture) of leg surface, external morphology, spinules, sensilla, spines, spurs Introduction Characters of leg cuticle derivatives have recently been
    [Show full text]
  • Insecta, Neuroptera)
    DISch. cnl. Z .. 43 (1996) I, 99-121 Larval Stages of European Nemopterinae, with Systematic Considerations on the Family Nemopteridae (Insecta, Neuroptera) V. J. Monserrat Departamento de Biologia Animal I, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain Abstract Li]fVa l development of the European Nemoplera bipelllli,\' and Lerl/Ill sofiae have been completed in the laboratory. the morphology of their egg and larval instars arc described. New dma on their larval behaviour and biology. as embrionary development lime. larval feeding prefe re nces. way and number of moultings. strategies in their development lime and pupation are given. Some new data on their distribution and bi ology as nying ac ti vity. food. periodic ity and number of layed eggs and longevity are noted. Based on obvioll s differences in larval morphology and biology of Nemopterin ae. in regard 10 Croc in ae and other nearest Neuroptera fami li es. some aspects of their systemati c position and relation­ ships are commented, and both sub fa mil ies should be considered with fa mily rank. Key words: Ncuroptcra. Ncmopteridae. Nemoplera, Lertlw, cgg - larval morphology. larval behaviour. Iberian Penin sula. Systematics. Introduction The family Nemopteridae is one of the most cont roversial, interesting and specialized fami ly among the Ne uroptera, it is actuall y di vided into two subfamilies with ve ry different morpho­ logy and habitats. The Crocinae (with two European genera JO.l'alldrev" Navas, 1906 and PlelVcroce Withycombe, 1923), which include around 50 species of small size, is distributed in arid and desert zones on the southern borders of the West Palaearctic and West Orient al Region, and dry areas from Neotropical, Afrotropical and Australian Regions.
    [Show full text]
  • Autecology and Biology of Nemoptera Sinuata Ol,Ivier (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae)
    Acta Zoolog~caAcadenzlae S~ientiarunzFIungar~cae 48 (Suppl. 2), pp. 293-299, 2002 AUTECOLOGY AND BIOLOGY OF NEMOPTERA SINUATA OL,IVIER (NEUROPTERA: NEMOPTERIDAE) National Muse~inof Natuml IJ~~tory,Blvd Tsar O,svoOodrtel l, BC-1000 SoJia, Bulgaria E-mall [email protected] Specimens of Aremoptern Sutrf~zlawere reared from eggs to second instar larvae in capt~vity, and observations on imagos were earned out in the Struma Valley, Bulgaria. The adults occur in open sunny places in river gorgcs and teed only on pollen. They are most active at noon be- tween the middle of May and the end of June. The males occur one week earlier than the te- male\. The eggs are laid directly on the ground, most often in the morning. They are spherical (rare among Neuroptera), whlte, opaque, with one micropyle. Up to 70 eggs are laid by a fe- male over a period of 10 days. The egg stage usually lasts from 23 to 25 days. The lid is cut off by an eggbreaker during hatching. The newly hatched larvae are 2.0-2.1 mm long, arc terr~colousand always buried themhelves by digging to l cm in depth. The larvae re,jected hv- ing or freshly k~lledarthropods, or roots and blossoms of plants. They were only observed to take water and vcgctahle sap. The longest surviving larva moulted in Septembcr (first illstar lasts 72 days) and h~bernated It ~ncrcasedin length to 5 mm and died in April after being reared for nine months. Key words Ne~izo~~terzzsinuc~tr~,irnaginal ethology, feeding, oviposition, egg, hatching, larva INTRODUCTION Investigations on the autecology and the early stages of Nemopteru sin~~ata OLIVIER,which are reported here, were carried out more than 30 years ago.
    [Show full text]