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Nemoptera Rachelii N. Sp © Entomologische Nachrichten und Berichte; downloadEntomologische unter www.biologiezentrum.at Nachrichten und Berichte, 50, 2006/1-2 29 U lrike A spöck , A gostino L etardi & H orst A spöck , Wien und Rom Nemoptera rachelii n. sp. - eine neue Spezies der Familie Nemopteridae aus dem Iran (Neuropterida, Neuroptera) Zusammenfassung In den vergangenen 30 Jahren wurden an vier Stellen in der Provinz Fars in SW-Iran, im Großraum von Shiraz, in Höhen von 1700-2200 m, mehrere Individuen einer unbekannten Spezies der Subfamilie Nemopterinae gefunden, die habituell vor allem durch hell- und dunkelbraune Fleckung der gelblichen Vorderflügelmembran oberflächlich mit den vier bisher bekannten Arten der Gattung Nemoptera L atreille übereinstimmt, durch schmälere Vorderflügel und Dilatationen der Hinterflügel jedoch markant unterschieden ist. Die männlichen und weiblichen Genitalsegmente fügen sich hingegen morphologisch durchaus in das Spektrum der Genitalsegmente der vier Nemoptera-Spezies ein, weshalb die neue Art, nicht zuletzt auch wegen der insgesamt unbefriedigenden Systematisierung der Nemopterinae, im Genus Nemoptera - und zwar als Nemoptera rachelii n. sp. - beschrieben wird. Die Beschreibung wird durch Habitusbilder und durch Abbildungen der männlichen und weiblichen Genitalsegmente ergänzt. Summary Nemoptera rachelii n. sp. - a new species of the family Nemopteridae from Iran (Neuropterida, Neuroptera). - In the course of the past 30 years in altogether four places in the province of Fars in the southwest of Iran, in altitudes of 1700-2200 m in the farther surroundings of Shiraz, several specimens of an unknown species of the subfamily Nemopterinae were found. Due to the pattern of the fore-wings characterized by light and dark brownish patches of the yellowish membrane this species resembles those of the genus Nemoptera L atreille , from which it can, however, be readily distinguished by more narrow forewings and by dilatations of the hind wings. The morphology of the male and female genital structures fits, however, well into the spectrum of what is known in Nemoptera. This fact and, moreover, the unsatisfied situation and unsolved problems in the classification of the subfamily Nemopterinae in general have prevented us from erecting a new genus. The species is described as Nemoptera rachelii n. sp.; photographs of the adults and drawings of the <$ and $ genitalia are provided. Einleitung Die Familie Nemopteridae umfasst zwei durch eine Reihe von Autapomorphien gut abgegrenzte Subfami­ Die Nemopteriden-Fauna des Vorderen Orients war in lien: die Crocinae und die Nemopterinae. M onserrat den vergangenen Jahrzehnten wiederholt Gegenstand (1996) hält die larvalmorphologischen, imaginalmor- von Untersuchungen, die ihren Niederschlag in mehre­ phologischen und biologischen Unterschiede zwischen ren, zum Teil sogar speziell dieser Familie oder be­ diesen beiden Taxa für so bedeutsam, dass er sie sogar stimmten Taxa dieser Familien gewidmeten Publikati­ in den Rang von Familien erhoben hat. M ansell (1992) onen, gefunden haben (H ölzel 1968, 1975, T jeder hat auf die bemerkenswerten Ähnlichkeiten zwischen 1970, H . A spöck , U. A spöck & H ölzel 1980, 1984, Chrysopiden und Nemopteriden hingewiesen, sie je­ M onserrat 1988, 1996, T röger 1993, H . A spöck & doch als phylogenetisch bedeutungslos erkannt. M on ­ H ölzel 1996, H . A spöck , H ölzel & U. A spöck 2001, serrat (1996) hat allerdings erwogen, seine „Nemo­ S atar , C anbulat & Ö zbay 2004, S atar & Ö zbay 2004). pteridae“ aus den Myrmeleontiformia herauszulösen Nemopteridae sind unter anderem durch ihren (zu­ und damit in eine von seinen „Crocidae“ weit entfernte meist) durch ein langes Rostrum geprägten Kopf und systematische Position zu bringen; diese Hypothese er­ durch die langen, mehr oder weniger schmalen, faden- scheint heute nach Vorliegen kladistischer Analysen oder bandartigen Hinterflügel ausgezeichnete, unge­ (U. Aspöck, Plant & Nemeschkal 2001) obsolet. Die wöhnliche Neuroptera. Ihre nächsten Verwandten sind Crocinae sind im Imaginalstadium kleine, sehr zarte, möglicherweise die Psychopsidae (U. A spöck , Plant & dämmerungs- oder nachtaktive Neuropteren mit fä- N emeschkal 2001). In einer neueren molekularbiolo­ digen Hinterflügeln, deren Larven vorwiegend im Sand gischen Untersuchung (Haring & U. A spöck 2004) hat oder Staub von Höhlen oder kleinen Hohlräumen an sich indes eine nähere Verwandtschaft zu den Myrme- sandigen Böschungen, aber auch unter Material anthro­ leontidae + Ascalaphidae ergeben, was die Ergebnisse pogenen Ursprungs (so auch auf Dachböden) leben. einer Studie (M ansell 1992) unterstützt, nach der die Die Nemopterinae sind hingegen häufig große, zum Nemopteridae die Schwestergruppe von (Ascalaphidae Teil tagaktive Insekten mit bandförmigen, manchmal + Myrmeleontidae) + Nymphidae sind; wie auch im­ durch Verbreiterungen ausgezeichneten Hinterflügeln; mer - sie bilden mit den Psychopsidae, den Nymph­ ihre Larven leben (soweit aus den spärlichen Beobach­ idae, den Myrmeleontidae und den Ascalaphidae das tungen geschlossen werden kann) in der Bodenstreu Monophylum Myrmeleontiformia. oder im Boden bzw. Sand, im Wurzelbereich von Bäu­ 30 Entomologische Nachrichten© Entomologische und Berichte, Nachrichten 50, 2006/1-2 und Berichte; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at men, Büschen, Grasbüscheln etc., im offenen Gelände, dium überließ. In Zusammenhang mit dem IX Interna­ manche in lockeren Wäldern, andere in vegetations­ tional Symposium on Neuropterology in Ferrara ergab armen Steppen, Halbwüsten und Wüsten (M ansell sich eine Diskussion der drei Autoren dieser Arbeit 1973, T röger 1993, M onserrat 1996). Einige Arten über diese Nemopteriden-Spezies; es zeigte sich, dass (nämlich die des Genus Nemoptera L atreille ) haben alle Individuen zu einer Art gehörten. Daraus ergab bunte, gelb, braun und weißlich gefleckte Vorder- (und sich der Beschluss einer gemeinsamen Arbeit und der Hinter-) flügel, sie sind tagaktiv, fliegen oft im hellen Beschreibung der Spezies als neue Art. Kurz vor Fer­ Sonnenschein und treten gelegentlich in großer Zahl tigstellung des Manuskripts wurden zwei von uns (H. auf, sodass sie den meisten, auch nicht speziell neuro- A. & U. A.) von H. Rausch (Scheibbs, Niederöster­ pterologisch interessierten, im Mittelmeerraum tätigen reich) über eine merkwürdige Nemopteriden-Spezies Freilandentomologen vertraut sind. informiert, die er in zwei Individuen von Herrn Ing. C. Holzschuh (Villach, Kärnten) erhalten hatte. Die bei­ Diese Gattung Nemoptera ist in vier Arten bekannt: den Tiere stammten aus SW-Persien. Ein Vergleich mit Nemoptera sinuata O livier , 1811 (eine auf der Balkan­ den in Wien versammelten Individuen aus den Samm­ halbinsel, auf einigen Inseln der Ägäis, in Anatolien, lungen der Universität von Rom einerseits und von E.- im Kaukasusgebiet, in Syrien und im NW-Iran vor­ J. T röger andererseits ergab die Bestätigung des Ver­ kommende Spezies), dachts, dass es sich um dieselbe Spezies handeln könnte. So konnten also auch noch diese beiden Indivi­ Nemoptera eoa (L innaeus , 1758) (eine in Griechen­ duen in die Beschreibung einbezogen werden. land, im Kaukasusgebiet und in Anatolien vorkom­ mende Art), Die nähere Befassung mit dieser Spezies ergab, dass die Art durch die gelb-braun gefleckten Vorderflügel Nemoptera aegyptiaca Ra m b u r , 1842 (eine in Ägypten habituell prima vista zwar sofort an eine Nemoptera er­ und Israel nachgewiesene Spezies) und innert, dass aber die Hinterflügel ganz und gar nicht Nemoptera bipennis Illiger , 1812 (eine auf der Ibe­ einer Nemoptera-Spezies entsprechen, sondern eher an rischen Halbinsel vorkommende und im übrigen nur eine Lertha-Axt erinnern. Auch die Form der Vorderflü­ noch in SW-Frankreich nachgewiesene Spezies). gel - sie sind schmäler als bei den bekannten Arten - erinnert an Lertha. Die systematische Stellung von Nemoptera innerhalb der Subfamilie ist nicht geklärt, andere im Mittelmeer­ Der ursprünglich sich geradezu zwanglos aufdrängende raum und im Vorderen Orient vorkommende Genera Beschluss der Errichtung eines neuen Genus für diese sind Lertha N avâs , Halter R a m bu r , Brevistoma T jeder ungewöhnliche Spezies wurde nach dem Studium der und Savignella K irby , die in insgesamt etwa 20 be­ SS und $ $ Genitalsegmente verworfen. Sie fugen schriebenen validen Spezies fast im gesamten Mittel­ sich morphologisch durchaus in das Spektrum der Ge- meerraum und in Vorderasien Vorkommen. (Es ist übri­ nital-Sklerite der vier bekannten Nemoptera- Arten ein. gens vom biogeographischen Standpunkt betrachtet Daher haben wir uns entschlossen, die neue Art im Ge­ sehr bemerkenswert, dass die Familie auf der Apen- nus Nemoptera zu beschreiben. ninen-Halbinsel nicht vorkommt.) Nur die Arten der Nemoptera rachelii n. sp.1 Gattung Nemoptera haben gefleckte Vorderflügel, die Spezies der übrigen Genera haben fleckenlose, transpa­ Untersuchtes Material: Holotypus, S' „IRAN, Shahr-e- rente Vorderflügelmembranen. Estakhr, 1700 m /l.VI.1976 100 km N Shiraz/T. Racheli legit//IRAN-FARS/Shahr-e-Estakhr/l VI-1976 m 1700/ Vor mehreren Jahren erhielt einer von uns (A. L.) von m. leg./t. racheli-(„e-steffanelli“durchgestrichen)“ Prof. Dr. T. R acheli (Università degli Studi di Roma „La Sapienza“) mehrere im Iran in der weiteren Umge­ Paratypen: 2 SS, 2 mit identischen Funddaten wie bung von Shiraz gesammelte Nemopteriden, die ober­ Holotypus; 1 $ „IRAN-FARS/Kuhenjan Pass/29-V- flächlich habituell intensiv an eine Nemoptera erinnern, 1976/m. 1900/leg. t. racheli-stefanelli“; 1 S, 1 $ die er aber
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