Building Communities? Paternalistic Bonds and Religious Spaces
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A Salafi-Jihadi Insurgency in Cabo Delgado?
A Salafi-Jihadi Insurgency in Cabo Delgado? EVOLVING DOCTRINE AND MODUS OPERANDI: VIOLENT EXTREMISM IN CABO DELGADO Thomas Heyen-Dubé & Richard Rands THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD Evolving Doctrine and Modus Operandi: Violent Extremism in Cabo Delgado Thomas Heyen-Dubé and Richard Rands Correspondence to: Thomas Heyen. Email [email protected] A violent extremist group poses a significant threat to parts of Cabo Delgado province.1 Since its first major attack in October 2017, it has perpetuated a conflict to the detriment of sections of the population and government, as well as disrupting economic development. Little is known about the group and its various cells, and serious scholarly studies on the topic are scarce. There is a considerable amount of confusion in policymaking and academic circles about the nature of the violent extremists (VE) and their relationship to the wider global Salafi-Jihadi community. By analysing the theological underpinnings of VE and their action in Cabo Delgado (CD), we bring clarity to this debate to enable international actors and policymakers in Mozambique navigate the complexities of the situation. From this analysis we conclude the following: • VE are not Salafi-Jihadis as they do not share their ideological and theological understanding of the world. VE do not subscribe to the notions of tawhid, hakkymiya, jihad, al-wala wa-l-bara, and takfir, all key criteria that are consistently found within the Salafi-Jihadi nebula. 1 For this study, the term violent extremism is used, which defines the actions of the group not their beliefs and ideologies (e.g. -
Islam in Northern Mozambique: a Historical Overview Liazzat Bonate* University of Cape Town
History Compass 8/7 (2010): 573–593, 10.1111/j.1478-0542.2010.00701.x Islam in Northern Mozambique: A Historical Overview Liazzat Bonate* University of Cape Town Abstract This article is a historical overview of two issues: first, that of the dynamics of Islamic religious transformations from pre-Portuguese era up until the 2000s among Muslims of the contemporary Cabo Delgado, Nampula, and to a certain extent, Niassa provinces. The article argues that histori- cal and geographical proximity of these regions to East African coast, the Comoros and northern Madagascar meant that all these regions shared a common Islamic religious tradition. Accordingly, shifts with regard to religious discourses and practices went in parallel. This situation began chang- ing in the last decade of the colonial era and has continued well into the 2000s, when the so-called Wahhabis, Sunni Muslims educated in the Islamic universities of the Arab world brought religious outlook that differed significantly from the historical local and regional conceptions of Islam. The second question addressed in this article is about relationships between northern Mozambican Muslims and the state. The article argues that after initial confrontations with Muslims in the sixteenth century and up until the last decade of the colonial era, the Portuguese rule pursued no concerted effort in interfering in the internal Muslim religious affairs. Besides, although they occupied and destroyed some of the Swahili settlements, in particular in southern and central Mozambique, other Swahili continued to thrive in northern Mozambique and main- tained certain independence from the Portuguese up until the twentieth century. Islam there remained under the control of the ruling Shirazi clans with close political, economic, kinship and religious ties to the Swahili world. -
Kaarsholm JEAS Paper Revised Final
Roskilde University Islam, secularist government, and state-civil society interaction in Mozambique and South Africa since 1994 Kaarsholm, Preben Published in: Journal of Eastern African Studies DOI: 10.1080/17531055.2015.1082255 Publication date: 2015 Document Version Peer reviewed version Citation for published version (APA): Kaarsholm, P. (2015). Islam, secularist government, and state-civil society interaction in Mozambique and South Africa since 1994. Journal of Eastern African Studies, 9(3), 468-487. https://doi.org/10.1080/17531055.2015.1082255 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain. • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 05. Oct. 2021 Islam, secularist government, and state-civil society interaction in Mozambique and South Africa since 1994 Preben Kaarsholm∗ Department of Society and Globalisation, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark This article explores state-civil society interactions in Mozambique and South Africa with a focus on Islamic groupings, and places the two countries within an Indian Ocean coastal continuum of links to East Africa, India, and the Arab world. -
Northern Mozambique at a Crossroads Scenarios for Violence in the Resource-Rich Cabo Delgado Province
OCTOBER 2019 Northern Mozambique at a Crossroads Scenarios for Violence in the Resource-rich Cabo Delgado Province PROJECT DIRECTOR Judd Devermont AUTHOR Emilia Columbo A Report of the CSIS AFRICA PROGRAM OCTOBER 2019 Northern Mozambique at a Crossroads Scenarios for Violence in the Resource-rich Cabo Delgado Province PROJECT DIRECTOR Judd Devermont AUTHOR Emilia Columbo A Report of the CSIS Africa Program About CSIS Established in Washington, D.C., over 50 years ago, the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) is a bipartisan, nonprofit policy research organization dedicated to providing strategic in sights and policy solutions to help decisionmakers chart a course toward a better world. In late 2015, Thomas J. Pritzker was named chairman of the CSIS Board of Trustees. Mr. Pritzker succeeded former U.S. senator Sam Nunn (D-GA), who chaired the CSIS Board of Trustees from 1999 to 2015. CSIS is led by John J. Hamre, who has served as president and chief executive officer since 2000. Founded in 1962 by David M. Abshire and Admiral Arleigh Burke, CSIS is one of the world’s preeminent international policy in stitutions focused on defense and security; regional study; and transnational challenges ranging from energy and trade to global development and economic integration. For eight consecutive years, CSIS has been named the world’s number one think tank for defense and national security by the University of Pennsylvania’s “Go To Think Tank Index.” The Center’s over 220 full-time staff and large network of affiliated scholars conduct research and analysis and develop policy initiatives that look to the future and anticipate change. -
An Ethnographic Study of Educational Ambivalence Within Coastal Habitus in Northern Mozambique
Schooling at the edge of the world: An ethnographic study of educational ambivalence within coastal habitus in northern Mozambique PRZEMYSLAW ANTONI WÓJCIK Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of East Anglia School of International Development January 2014 The copy of this thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that use of any information derived there from must be in accordance with current UK Copyright Law. In addition, any quotation or extract must include full attribution. 1 Abstract Coastal fishing communities in northern Mozambique have distinctive history, politics and livelihoods that make them physically and socially peripheral. This is evident in relation to lack of the access and ownership of natural resources, social opportunities such as education, access to information and decision making means and the influence of cultural-hereditary characteristics of coastal society. The thesis examines learning in Lunga, the key institutions, their roles and importance. Drawing on Mamdani’s concept of bifurcated state, it outlines the historical background of the formal education system that is a necessary frame for understanding many specific problems of education in contemporary Mozambique. In this setting, the thesis reflects on formal, traditional and Islamic education and their different forms of valorisation in the past and present. The study examines the coastal habitus – the problems of life on the periphery, and the social, political and physical distance. From there, it probes deeper into the relations between competing institutions promoting certain distinctive aspects of coastal life, describing production of the local and the global (national). -
TM May 18 2019 Issue
THE JAMESTOWN FOUNDATION MAY 18, 2019 VOLUME XVII, ISSUE 10 p.1 p.3 p.5 p.7 Brian M. Perkins Farhan Zahid Brian Perkins Animesh Roul BRIEFS TTP’s Future Under Evaluating the Expan- Al-Qaeda and Islamic the Leadership of New sion of Global Jihadist State Reinvigorating Emir Noor Wali Movements in East Turkistan Jihad Mehsud Mozambique BURKINA FASO: RECENT ATTACKS saw the entry of a group of Islamic State West Africa POINT TO SPREAD OF TERRORISM IN Province fighters in March. Further, IS leader Abu Bakr BURKINA FASO AND THE REGION al-Baghdadi accepted pledges of allegiance from fight- ers in Burkina Faso on April 29 during his first video ap- Brian M. Perkins pearance in nearly five years (Jihadology, April 29). The arrival of new IS cells in Burkina Faso has also coincided On May 16, Burkina Faso’s Foreign Minister called for with an increase in attacks across the country, including the creation of a new counterterrorism coalition in the those targeting Westerners and local Christians. Sahel amid an escalation of terrorist activity throughout the region and the ongoing deterioration of security in The country has witnessed two significant attacks Burkina Faso. The Sahel G5 force—comprised of per- against Christians in recent weeks. The first attack oc- sonnel from Mali, Burkina Faso, Chad, Mauritania, and curred on May 12 when gunmen attacked a Church in Niger—is already present in the region, as are French Dablo in central Burkina Faso, killing at least six people, forces operating under Operation Barkhane. However, and the second took place a day later and targeted a despite the presence of these forces, the number of ter- Catholic parade in the Zimtenga area of Kongoussi, rorist attacks in Burkina Faso has steadily risen and ex- killing four people (Africa News, May 12). -
Ambivalent Islam: the Identity Construction of Muslims Under Portuguese
This is the first version of an article whose final and definitive form has been published in the journal Social Identities ©, January 2012 [copyright Taylor & Francis]; Social Identities is available online at: www.tandfonline.com with an open URL of my article in the following address: http://www.tandfonline.com/openurl?genre=article&issn=13504630&volume=18&issue=1&spage=39 Ambivalent Islam: The Identity Construction of Muslims under Portuguese Colonial Rule Mário Machaqueiro ∗ CRIA-Centre for Research in Anthropology, FCSH-New University of Lisbon, Portugal This article wishes to contribute to the study of the historical processes that have been spotting Muslim populations as favourite targets for political analysis and governance. Focusing on the Portuguese archives, civil as well as military, the article tries to uncover the most conspicuous identity representations (mainly negative or ambivalent) that members of Portuguese colonial apparatus built around Muslim communities living in African colonies, particularly in Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique. The paper shows how these culturally and politically constructed images were related to the more general strategies by which Portuguese imagined their own national identity, both as ‘European’ and as ‘coloniser’ or ‘imperial people’. The basic assumption of this article is that policies enforced in a context of inter-ethnic and religious competition are better understood when linked to the identity strategies inherent to them. These are conceived as strategic constructions aimed at the preservation, the protection and the imaginary expansion of the subject, who looks for groups to be included in and out-groups to reject, exclude, aggress or eliminate. We think that most of the inter-ethnic relationships and conflicts, as well as the very experience of ethnicity, are born from this identity matrix. -
History, Memory and Violence: Changing Patterns of Group Relationship in Mocímboa Da Praia, Mozambique
History, memory and violence: changing patterns of group relationship in Mocímboa da Praia, Mozambique Thesis presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Social Anthropology Ana Margarida Sousa Santos St Antony's College University of Oxford Trinity Term 2010 Abstract My D.Phil. thesis addresses the historical construction of difference in northern Mozambique and its relation to conflict, especially an upsurge of violence in 2005. I look specifically at the relationship between Makonde and Mwani inhabiting a coastal district in the north of Mozambique and the ways in which modes of livelihood, religion, pre-colonial history, experience of colonial rule and post- independence policies, and political affiliation play a part in the construction of identities of these two groups. I look at how a shared but differently understood history and differing memories of the past become part of local discourses of identity and difference. I investigate how history and memory, place and space, and the surrounding landscape are reflected in concepts of identity especially with respect to tension and conflict. The Makonde traditionally inhabit the Mueda plateau in a remote area in the north of Mozambique. They have been associated in colonial literature with ideas of violence, fierceness and independence. They were very active during the liberation struggle in Mozambique, but their influence in the country diminished after independence. Less is known about the Mwani. They are closely associated with the Swahili complex, and had links with the Portuguese during the colonial period, loosing power and influence during the post-independence period. The Makonde and Mwani had different experiences of historical events and diverse roles in defining moments of Mozambican history such as the liberation struggle (1964-1974). -
TWR Africa 2 (Sub- Sahara Africa) Satellite
TWR MINISTRY UPDATE AFRICA • 54 Countries • 1.2 billion people • 3705 people groups • 987 unreached people groups • 1500-2000 languages • Christian: 50.9% (610,800,000) • Muslim: 43.3% (519,600,000) • Other: 5.8% (69,600,000) 1 Aari 21 French [African] 41 Lingala 61 Shangaan 2 Afar 22 Fulfulde 42 Lomwe 62 Shona 3 Afrikaans 23 Fulfulde, Nigerian 43 Luchazi 63 Sidamo 4 Amharic 24 German 44 Luganda 64 Siswati 5 Arabic Juba 25 Hadiyya 45 Lukpa 65 Somali 6 Baatonum 26 Hassaniyya 46 Luo 66 Songhai 7 Bambara 27 Hausa 47 Luvale 67 Swahili 8 Baoule 28 Ife 48 Maasai 68 Swahili [Tanzanian] 9 Bete, Guiberoua 29 Igbo 49 Makhuwa 69 Taita 10 Chewa 30 Jula 50 Malagasy 70 Tamasheq 11 Chokwe 31 Kabuverdianu 51 Mina 71 Tigre 12 Dendi 32 Kambaata 52 Moore 72 Tigrinya 13 Dholuo 33 Kanuri 53 Ndau 73 Tumbuka 14 Ditammari 34 Kikuyu 54 Ndebele 74 Turkana 15 English 35 Kimbundu 55 Oromo 75 Twi 16 English [African] 36 Kinyarwanda 56 Oromo, Borana-Arsi-Guji 76 Umbundu 17 Ewe 37 KiRundi 57 Portuguese 77 Wolof 18 Fiote 38 Kotokoli 58 Portuguese [African] 78 Yao 19 Fongbe 39 Kunama 59 Pular 79 Yoruba 20 French 40 Kwanyama [Oxiuambo] 60 Serer 80 Zulu CURRENT BROADCAST LANGUAGES (80) SW/MW Platforms • WATS MW – 100 kW • SWZ MW – 100 kW • SWZ SW – 50 & 100 kW • GRI SW – 300 kW • Middle East SW – 250 kW Satellite • TWR Africa 2 (Sub- Sahara Africa) Satellite • TWR Africa (Southern Africa) Sifa FM - Kenya • Lodwar • Lamu • Marsabit • Garissa • Wajir • Voi • Mandera Malawi FM Network • Blantyre • Lilongwe • Mvera • Ntchisi • Chikangawa • Dedza • Zomba • Mtengo Country Medium -
Refugee Zakat Fund
REFUGEE ZAKAT FUND 2019 Mid-Year Report Contents FOREWORD EXECUTIVE SUMMARY THE REFUGEE ZAKAT REFUGEE JOURNEY FUND MID-YEAR ACHIEVEMENTS 4 6 10 16 1 Foreword 4 5 Refugee Journey 16 2 Executive Summary 6 6 Innovation spotlight: Beyond cash and card - The power of mobility in donating and distributing Zakat 18 3 Visualizing Zakat for refugees 8 6.1 Introduction 18 4 The Refugee Zakat Fund mid-year achievements 10 6.2 The importance of mobile and smart phones 4.1 Introduction 10 in collecting and distributing charitable funds 18 4.2 The Fund’s impact in 2019 11 6.3 Insights into the use of mobile wallets in Iraq 22 4.3 Significant developments in 2019 14 7 Report purpose and methodology 23 4.4 Plans going forward 15 8 Acknowledgements 24 9 Glossary 25 2 UNHCR - REFUGEE ZAKAT FUND: 2019 MID-YEAR REPORT UNHCR - REFUGEE ZAKAT FUND: 2019 MID-YEAR REPORT 3 1. Foreword The Asia-Pacific region is home to 9.5 million people of concern to UNHCR. This includes 4.2 million refugees, 2.7 million IDPs and 2.2 million stateless people. The region encompasses highly complex situations, including emergencies like the displacement of more than 700,000 Rohingya refugees from Myanmar to Bangladesh, and protracted scenarios like the Afghan refugee situation which is today in its 40th year. As the region’s largest and most protracted refugee situation in Asia, there are currently 2.7 million Afghan refugees globally, making it the second largest country of origin of refugees after Syria. The majority, some 2.4 million, are hosted by the Islamic Republics of Iran and Pakistan. -
Price Forbes & Partners Energy Market
ENERGY REVIEW PRICE FORBES & PARTNERS ENERGY MARKET DEVELOPMENTS JUNE 2018 INDEPENDENT CONNECTED www.priceforbes.com COMMITTED ENERGY REVIEW JUNE 2018 ENERGY CASUALTIES s a generalisation, the headlines in many international political and economic publications and news items have been uncertain or plain negative. Mexico’s Pemex says fire under control at Minatitlan refinery A Mexico’s Pemex said on Monday 11th June that a fire at its Minatitlan refinery No-one knows what the short- and long-term consequences of the Trump/Kim summit will be and if their promises will even be taken seriously. It would be a was under control and the plants were operating normally, Reuters reports. major coup if the Korean War would ultimately come to an end officially with a peace treaty. The state-run oil company said the fire at its facilities in the southern state of The bad feelings following the recent G7 gathering in Canada only partially reflect how easy it is for some to forget that Russia overrode international law with its Veracruz had been put out by 7:00 a.m. There were no injuries, the company involvement in Crimea, Eastern Ukraine and the shooting down of MH317. added. President Trump’s first moves in a trade war could easily affect US consumers with a lack of choice in price and quality for their daily needs. Pemex said it would investigate the cause of the incident. The world is still waiting to see how inflexible or otherwise the US will be with requests for waivers in connection with new sanctions on Iran. -
Report Burma
April 2000 n°290/2 International Federation of Human Rights Leagues Report Special Issue The Newletter of the FIDH International Mission of Inquiry Burma repression, discrimination and ethnic cleansing in Arakan I. Arakan A. Presentation of Arakan - A buffer State B. Historical background of the Muslim presence in Arakan C. Administration organisation, repressive forces and armed resistance II. The forced return and the reinstallation of the Rohingyas: hypocrisy and constraints A. The conditions of return from Bangladesh after the 1991-92 exodus B. Resettlement and reintegration III. Repression, discrimination and exclusion in Arakan A. The specificity of the repression against the Rohingyas B. The Arakanese: an exploitation with no way out IV. A new exodus A. The years 1996 and 1997 B. The current exodus Conclusion Repression, discrimination and ethnic cleansing in Arakan In memory of Yvette Pierpaoli P AGE 2 Repression, discrimination and ethnic cleansing in Arakan Summary Introduction................................................................................................................................... p.4 I. Arakan ....................................................................................................................................... p.5 A. Presentation of Arakan - A buffer State............................................................................................... p.5 B. Historical background of the Muslim presence in Arakan......................................................................p.5