Liechtenstein's Greenhouse Gas Inventory
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Liechtenstein‘s Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990 - 2011 National Inventory Report 2013 Submission of 15 April 2013 under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and under the Kyoto Protocol Published and distributed by: Office of the Environment (OE) Postfach 684 FL-9490 Vaduz Principality of Liechtenstein www.aus.llv.li Vaduz, 15 April 2013 National Inventory Report of Liechtenstein 2013 3 Liechtenstein’s Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990-2011 National Inventory Report 2013 Submission of 15 April 2013 under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and under the Kyoto Protocol Authors INFRAS, Zürich/Schweiz Jürg Heldstab Executive Summary Mario Betschart Introduction, Trends, Energy (Aviation) Benedikt Notter Energy (Transport), Agriculture, Recalculations Martin Herren Trends, Recalculations Stefan Kessler Industrial Processes (Synthetic Gases) Ernst Basler + Partner, Zollikon/Schweiz Denise Fussen Introduction (Key Category Analysis, Uncertainty Evaluation Tier 1), Energy (Energy Industries, Manufacturing, Other Sectors, Fugitive Emissions), Christina Seyler Industrial Processes, Solvent and Other Product Use, Waste Meteotest, Bern Beat Rihm LULUCF, KP-LULUCF Emission modelling Jürgen Beckbissinger Acontec, Schaan/Liechtenstein Office of the Environment, Vaduz/Liechtenstein (www.aus.llv.li) Helmut Kindle National Focal Point Andreas Gstoehl Head of Inventory Group, Quality Manager (QA/QC) Patrick Insinna Project manager, National Inventory Compiler (NIC), Emission data, KP-LULUCF tables, National Registry, National Allocation Plan Hanspeter Eberle LULUCF Sven Braden Project Manager Assistant, National Allocation Plan, Accounting on Kyoto Units, Emissions Trading, CDM, JI Heike Summer Project Manager Assistant NIR LIE 2013 Master_final.doc National Inventory Report of Liechtenstein 2013 5 Table of Contents Table of Contents ................................................................................................................ 5 Glossary ..............................................................................................................................11 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................13 ES.1 Background Information on Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Climate Change and Supplementary Information Required Under Art. 7.1. KP ..................................................13 ES.2 Summary of National Emission and Removal Related Trends, and Emission and Removals from KP-LULUCF Activities ..............................................................................15 ES.3. Overview of Source and Sink Category Estimates and Trends, including KP- LULUCF Activities .............................................................................................................16 ES.4. Other Information ....................................................................................................19 Acknowledgement ..............................................................................................................20 PART 1 Annual Inventory Submission.............................................................................21 1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................21 1.1 Background Information on Liechtenstein’s Greenhouse Gas Inventory, Climate Change and Supplementary Information of the Kyoto Protocol (KP) .....................21 1.1.1 Background Information on Climate Change .....................................................21 1.1.2 Background Information on Greenhouse Gas Inventory ....................................24 1.1.3 Background Information on Supplementary Information Required under Art. 7.1. KP .....................................................................................................................25 1.2 Institutional Arrangements for Inventory Preparation, including the Legal and Procedural Arrangements for Inventory Planning, Preparation and Management .25 1.2.1 Overview of Institutional, Legal and Procedural Arrangements for Compiling GHG Inventory and Supplementary Information for KP .....................................25 1.2.2 Overview of Inventory Planning .........................................................................26 1.2.3 Overview of Inventory Preparation and Management, Including for Supplementary Information for KP ....................................................................26 1.3 Inventory Preparation ............................................................................................26 1.3.1 GHG Inventory and KP-LULUCF Inventory .......................................................26 1.3.2 Data Collection, Processing and Storage, including for KP-LULUCF Inventory .28 1.3.3 QA/QC procedures and extensive review of GHG Inventory and KP-LULUCF Inventory ...........................................................................................................28 1.4 Methodologies and Data Sources .........................................................................31 1.4.1 GHG Inventory ..................................................................................................31 1.4.2 KP-LULUCF Inventory ......................................................................................33 1.5 Brief Description of Key Categories .......................................................................34 1.5.1 GHG Inventory ..................................................................................................34 1.5.2 KP-LULUCF Inventory ......................................................................................37 1.6 Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) Including Verification and Confidentiality Issues ............................................................................................38 Table of Contents 15 April 2013 National Inventory Report of Liechtenstein 2013 6 1.6.1 QA/QC Procedures ...........................................................................................38 1.6.2 Verification Activities .........................................................................................42 1.6.3 Treatment of Confidentiality Issues ...................................................................43 1.7 Uncertainty Evaluation ..........................................................................................43 1.7.1 GHG Inventory ..................................................................................................43 1.7.2 KP-LULUCF Inventory ......................................................................................49 1.8 Completeness Assessment ...................................................................................49 1.8.1 GHG Inventory ..................................................................................................49 1.8.2 KP-LULUCF Inventory ......................................................................................49 2 Trends in Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals ...........................................51 2.1 Aggregated Greenhouse Gas Emissions 2011 .....................................................51 2.2 Emission Trends by Gas .......................................................................................53 2.3 Emission Trends by Sources and Sinks ................................................................55 2.4 Emission Trends for Indirect Greenhouse Gases and SO2 ....................................58 2.5 KP-LULUCF Inventory in Aggregate and by Activity, by Gas.................................60 3 Energy ........................................................................................................................61 3.1 Overview ...............................................................................................................61 3.1.1 Greenhouse Gas Emissions ..............................................................................61 3.1.2 CO2 Emission Factors and Net Calorific Values ................................................64 3.1.3 Energy Statistics (Activity Data) ........................................................................65 3.2 Source Category 1A – Fuel Combustion Activities ................................................71 3.2.1 Comparison Sectoral Approach - Reference Approach .....................................71 3.2.2 International Bunker Fuels ................................................................................72 3.2.3 Feedstocks and Non-Energy Use of Fuels ........................................................73 3.2.4 CO2 Capture from Flue Gases and Subsequent CO2 Storage ...........................73 3.2.5 Country-Specific Issues.....................................................................................74 3.2.6 Source Category 1A ..........................................................................................74 3.3 Source Category 1B – Fugitive Emissions from Fuels and Oil and Natural Gas ....94 4 Industrial Processes .................................................................................................97 4.1 Overview ...............................................................................................................97 4.2 Source Category 2A – Mineral Products ...............................................................97 4.3 Source Category 2B – Chemical Industry..............................................................99 4.4 Source Category 2C –