Callibrachion and Datheosaurus, Two Historical and Previously Mistaken Basal Caseasaurian Synapsids from Europe
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Studies on Continental Late Triassic Tetrapod Biochronology. I. the Type Locality of Saturnalia Tupiniquim and the Faunal Succession in South Brazil
Journal of South American Earth Sciences 19 (2005) 205–218 www.elsevier.com/locate/jsames Studies on continental Late Triassic tetrapod biochronology. I. The type locality of Saturnalia tupiniquim and the faunal succession in south Brazil Max Cardoso Langer* Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP, Universidade de Sa˜o Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901 Ribeira˜o Preto, SP, Brazil Received 1 November 2003; accepted 1 January 2005 Abstract Late Triassic deposits of the Parana´ Basin, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, encompass a single third-order, tetrapod-bearing sedimentary sequence that includes parts of the Alemoa Member (Santa Maria Formation) and the Caturrita Formation. A rich, diverse succession of terrestrial tetrapod communities is recorded in these sediments, which can be divided into at least three faunal associations. The stem- sauropodomorph Saturnalia tupiniquim was collected in the locality known as ‘Waldsanga’ near the city of Santa Maria. In that area, the deposits of the Alemoa Member yield the ‘Alemoa local fauna,’ which typifies the first association; includes the rhynchosaur Hyperodapedon, aetosaurs, and basal dinosaurs; and is coeval with the lower fauna of the Ischigualasto Formation, Bermejo Basin, NW Argentina. The second association is recorded in deposits of both the Alemoa Member and the Caturrita Formation, characterized by the rhynchosaur ‘Scaphonyx’ sulcognathus and the cynodont Exaeretodon, and correlated with the upper fauna of the Ischigualasto Formation. Various isolated outcrops of the Caturrita Formation yield tetrapod fossils that correspond to post-Ischigualastian faunas but might not belong to a single faunal association. The record of the dicynodont Jachaleria suggests correlations with the lower part of the Los Colorados Formation, NW Argentina, whereas remains of derived tritheledontid cynodonts indicate younger ages. -
Reptile Family Tree
Reptile Family Tree - Peters 2015 Distribution of Scales, Scutes, Hair and Feathers Fish scales 100 Ichthyostega Eldeceeon 1990.7.1 Pederpes 91 Eldeceeon holotype Gephyrostegus watsoni Eryops 67 Solenodonsaurus 87 Proterogyrinus 85 100 Chroniosaurus Eoherpeton 94 72 Chroniosaurus PIN3585/124 98 Seymouria Chroniosuchus Kotlassia 58 94 Westlothiana Casineria Utegenia 84 Brouffia 95 78 Amphibamus 71 93 77 Coelostegus Cacops Paleothyris Adelospondylus 91 78 82 99 Hylonomus 100 Brachydectes Protorothyris MCZ1532 Eocaecilia 95 91 Protorothyris CM 8617 77 95 Doleserpeton 98 Gerobatrachus Protorothyris MCZ 2149 Rana 86 52 Microbrachis 92 Elliotsmithia Pantylus 93 Apsisaurus 83 92 Anthracodromeus 84 85 Aerosaurus 95 85 Utaherpeton 82 Varanodon 95 Tuditanus 91 98 61 90 Eoserpeton Varanops Diplocaulus Varanosaurus FMNH PR 1760 88 100 Sauropleura Varanosaurus BSPHM 1901 XV20 78 Ptyonius 98 89 Archaeothyris Scincosaurus 77 84 Ophiacodon 95 Micraroter 79 98 Batropetes Rhynchonkos Cutleria 59 Nikkasaurus 95 54 Biarmosuchus Silvanerpeton 72 Titanophoneus Gephyrostegeus bohemicus 96 Procynosuchus 68 100 Megazostrodon Mammal 88 Homo sapiens 100 66 Stenocybus hair 91 94 IVPP V18117 69 Galechirus 69 97 62 Suminia Niaftasuchus 65 Microurania 98 Urumqia 91 Bruktererpeton 65 IVPP V 18120 85 Venjukovia 98 100 Thuringothyris MNG 7729 Thuringothyris MNG 10183 100 Eodicynodon Dicynodon 91 Cephalerpeton 54 Reiszorhinus Haptodus 62 Concordia KUVP 8702a 95 59 Ianthasaurus 87 87 Concordia KUVP 96/95 85 Edaphosaurus Romeria primus 87 Glaucosaurus Romeria texana Secodontosaurus -
A Coluna Vertebral De Brazilosaurus Sanpauloensis Shikama
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Biblioteca Digital de Periódicos da UFPR (Universidade Federal do Paraná) Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba, 30 (1, 2, 3, 4): 151-173. 2001. 151 A coluna vertebral de Brazilosaurus sanpauloensis Shikama & Ozaki, 1966 da Formação Irati, Permiano da Bacia do Paraná (Brasil) (Proganosauria, Mesosauridae) The vertebral column of Brazilosaurus sanpauloensis Shikama & Ozaki, 1966 from Irati Formation, Permian of Paraná Basin, (Brazil) (Proganosauria, Mesosauridae) FERNANDO A. SEDOR1 & JORGE FERIGOLO2 Os Mesosauridae incluídos na ordem Proganosauria (BAUR, 1887) constituem dentre os “Reptilia”, um pequeno grupo extinto de formas lacertiformes esguias, de pequeno porte, adaptados à vida aquática ou semi-aquática (cf. ROMER, 1956; 1966). A distribuição temporal e geográfica do grupo restringe-se ao Permiano da América do Sul e da África. No Brasil, os Mesosauridae ocorrem na Formação Irati da Bacia do Paraná, e, no continente africano, ocorrem na Formação Whitehill, do Sistema Karoo (COPE, 1886; MCGREGOR, 1908; SHIKAMA & OZAKI, 1966; MENDES, 1967; ROÖSLER, 1970; ARAÚJO, 1976; BORGOMANERO & LEONARDI, 1979; MOREIRA et al., 1984). Também são referidas ocorrências de Mesosauridae no Paraguai (Beder; e Harrington, apud OELOFSEN & ARAÚJO, 1983) e no Uruguai (Guillemain; e Walther, apud MONES, 1986). 1 Museu de Ciências Naturais (MCN) — SCB, Universidade Federal do Paraná — Caixa Postal 19031 — 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. Email: [email protected] Pesquisador do Museu de Ciências Naturais — Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. 152 Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba, 30 (1, 2, 3, 4): 151-173. 2001. Os sedimentos sul-americanos portadores de mesossaurídeos situam- se dentro do intervalo temporal do Kazaniano e os africanos entre Permiano Inferior e Permiano Médio (PINTO, 1972a; OELOFSEN & ARAÚJO, 1987), correspondendo à porção mais superior do Sakmariano. -
Morphology, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Diadectidae (Cotylosauria: Diadectomorpha)
Morphology, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Diadectidae (Cotylosauria: Diadectomorpha) by Richard Kissel A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy Graduate Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto © Copyright by Richard Kissel 2010 Morphology, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Diadectidae (Cotylosauria: Diadectomorpha) Richard Kissel Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto 2010 Abstract Based on dental, cranial, and postcranial anatomy, members of the Permo-Carboniferous clade Diadectidae are generally regarded as the earliest tetrapods capable of processing high-fiber plant material; presented here is a review of diadectid morphology, phylogeny, taxonomy, and paleozoogeography. Phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of Diadectidae within Diadectomorpha, the sister-group to Amniota, with Limnoscelis as the sister-taxon to Tseajaia + Diadectidae. Analysis of diadectid interrelationships of all known taxa for which adequate specimens and information are known—the first of its kind conducted—positions Ambedus pusillus as the sister-taxon to all other forms, with Diadectes sanmiguelensis, Orobates pabsti, Desmatodon hesperis, Diadectes absitus, and (Diadectes sideropelicus + Diadectes tenuitectes + Diasparactus zenos) representing progressively more derived taxa in a series of nested clades. In light of these results, it is recommended herein that the species Diadectes sanmiguelensis be referred to the new genus -
Distributions of Extinction Times from Fossil Ages and Tree Topologies: the Example of Some Mid-Permian Synapsid Extinctions
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.11.448028; this version posted June 11, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Distributions of extinction times from fossil ages and tree topologies: the example of some mid-Permian synapsid extinctions Gilles Didier1 and Michel Laurin2 1IMAG, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France 2CR2P (“Centre de Recherches sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements”; UMR 7207), CNRS/MNHN/UPMC, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France June 11, 2021 Abstract Given a phylogenetic tree of extinct and extant taxa with fossils where the only temporal infor- mation stands in the fossil ages, we devise a method to compute the distribution of the extinction time of a given set of taxa under the Fossilized-Birth-Death model. Our approach differs from the previous ones in that it takes into account the possibility that the taxa or the clade considered may diversify before going extinct, whilst previous methods just rely on the fossil recovery rate to estimate confidence intervals. We assess and compare our new approach with a standard previous one using simulated data. Results show that our method provides more accurate confidence intervals. This new approach is applied to the study of the extinction time of three Permo-Carboniferous synapsid taxa (Ophiacodontidae, Edaphosauridae, and Sphenacodontidae) that are thought to have disappeared toward the end of the Cisuralian, or possibly shortly thereafter. The timing of extinctions of these three taxa and of their component lineages supports the idea that a biological crisis occurred in the late Kungurian/early Roadian. -
Early Tetrapod Relationships Revisited
Biol. Rev. (2003), 78, pp. 251–345. f Cambridge Philosophical Society 251 DOI: 10.1017/S1464793102006103 Printed in the United Kingdom Early tetrapod relationships revisited MARCELLO RUTA1*, MICHAEL I. COATES1 and DONALD L. J. QUICKE2 1 The Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, 1027 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637-1508, USA ([email protected]; [email protected]) 2 Department of Biology, Imperial College at Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL57PY, UK and Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW75BD, UK ([email protected]) (Received 29 November 2001; revised 28 August 2002; accepted 2 September 2002) ABSTRACT In an attempt to investigate differences between the most widely discussed hypotheses of early tetrapod relation- ships, we assembled a new data matrix including 90 taxa coded for 319 cranial and postcranial characters. We have incorporated, where possible, original observations of numerous taxa spread throughout the major tetrapod clades. A stem-based (total-group) definition of Tetrapoda is preferred over apomorphy- and node-based (crown-group) definitions. This definition is operational, since it is based on a formal character analysis. A PAUP* search using a recently implemented version of the parsimony ratchet method yields 64 shortest trees. Differ- ences between these trees concern: (1) the internal relationships of aı¨stopods, the three selected species of which form a trichotomy; (2) the internal relationships of embolomeres, with Archeria -
Morphology and Evolutionary Significance of the Atlas−Axis Complex in Varanopid Synapsids
Morphology and evolutionary significance of the atlas−axis complex in varanopid synapsids NICOLÁS E. CAMPIONE and ROBERT R. REISZ Campione, N.E. and Reisz, R.R. 2011. Morphology and evolutionary significance of the atlas−axis complex in varanopid synapsids. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 56 (4): 739–748. The atlas−axis complex has been described in few Palaeozoic taxa, with little effort being placed on examining variation of this structure within a small clade. Most varanopids, members of a clade of gracile synapsid predators, have well pre− served atlas−axes permitting detailed descriptions and examination of morphological variation. This study indicates that the size of the transverse processes on the axis and the shape of the axial neural spine vary among members of this clade. In particular, the small mycterosaurine varanopids possess small transverse processes that point posteroventrally, and the axial spine is dorsoventrally short, with a flattened dorsal margin in lateral view. The larger varanodontine varanopids have large transverse processes with a broad base, and a much taller axial spine with a rounded dorsal margin in lateral view. Based on outgroup comparisons, the morphology exhibited by the transverse processes is interpreted as derived in varanodontines, whereas the morphology of the axial spine is derived in mycterosaurines. The axial spine anatomy of Middle Permian South African varanopids is reviewed and our interpretation is consistent with the hypothesis that at least two varanopid taxa are present in South Africa, a region overwhelmingly dominated by therapsid synapsids and parareptiles. Key words: Synapsida, Varanopidae, Mycterosaurinae, Varanodontinae, atlas−axis complex, axial skeleton, Middle Permian, South Africa. -
A Small Lepidosauromorph Reptile from the Early Triassic of Poland
A SMALL LEPIDOSAUROMORPH REPTILE FROM THE EARLY TRIASSIC OF POLAND SUSAN E. EVANS and MAGDALENA BORSUK−BIAŁYNICKA Evans, S.E. and Borsuk−Białynicka, M. 2009. A small lepidosauromorph reptile from the Early Triassic of Poland. Palaeontologia Polonica 65, 179–202. The Early Triassic karst deposits of Czatkowice quarry near Kraków, southern Poland, has yielded a diversity of fish, amphibians and small reptiles. Two of these reptiles are lepido− sauromorphs, a group otherwise very poorly represented in the Triassic record. The smaller of them, Sophineta cracoviensis gen. et sp. n., is described here. In Sophineta the unspecial− ised vertebral column is associated with the fairly derived skull structure, including the tall facial process of the maxilla, reduced lacrimal, and pleurodonty, that all resemble those of early crown−group lepidosaurs rather then stem−taxa. Cladistic analysis places this new ge− nus as the sister group of Lepidosauria, displacing the relictual Middle Jurassic genus Marmoretta and bringing the origins of Lepidosauria closer to a realistic time frame. Key words: Reptilia, Lepidosauria, Triassic, phylogeny, Czatkowice, Poland. Susan E. Evans [[email protected]], Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Uni− versity College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK. Magdalena Borsuk−Białynicka [[email protected]], Institut Paleobiologii PAN, Twarda 51/55, PL−00−818 Warszawa, Poland. Received 8 March 2006, accepted 9 January 2007 180 SUSAN E. EVANS and MAGDALENA BORSUK−BIAŁYNICKA INTRODUCTION Amongst living reptiles, lepidosaurs (snakes, lizards, amphisbaenians, and tuatara) form the largest and most successful group with more than 7 000 widely distributed species. The two main lepidosaurian clades are Rhynchocephalia (the living Sphenodon and its extinct relatives) and Squamata (lizards, snakes and amphisbaenians). -
Tiago Rodrigues Simões
Diapsid Phylogeny and the Origin and Early Evolution of Squamates by Tiago Rodrigues Simões A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in SYSTEMATICS AND EVOLUTION Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta © Tiago Rodrigues Simões, 2018 ABSTRACT Squamate reptiles comprise over 10,000 living species and hundreds of fossil species of lizards, snakes and amphisbaenians, with their origins dating back at least as far back as the Middle Jurassic. Despite this enormous diversity and a long evolutionary history, numerous fundamental questions remain to be answered regarding the early evolution and origin of this major clade of tetrapods. Such long-standing issues include identifying the oldest fossil squamate, when exactly did squamates originate, and why morphological and molecular analyses of squamate evolution have strong disagreements on fundamental aspects of the squamate tree of life. Additionally, despite much debate, there is no existing consensus over the composition of the Lepidosauromorpha (the clade that includes squamates and their sister taxon, the Rhynchocephalia), making the squamate origin problem part of a broader and more complex reptile phylogeny issue. In this thesis, I provide a series of taxonomic, phylogenetic, biogeographic and morpho-functional contributions to shed light on these problems. I describe a new taxon that overwhelms previous hypothesis of iguanian biogeography and evolution in Gondwana (Gueragama sulamericana). I re-describe and assess the functional morphology of some of the oldest known articulated lizards in the world (Eichstaettisaurus schroederi and Ardeosaurus digitatellus), providing clues to the ancestry of geckoes, and the early evolution of their scansorial behaviour. -
Physical and Environmental Drivers of Paleozoic Tetrapod Dispersal Across Pangaea
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07623-x OPEN Physical and environmental drivers of Paleozoic tetrapod dispersal across Pangaea Neil Brocklehurst1,2, Emma M. Dunne3, Daniel D. Cashmore3 &Jӧrg Frӧbisch2,4 The Carboniferous and Permian were crucial intervals in the establishment of terrestrial ecosystems, which occurred alongside substantial environmental and climate changes throughout the globe, as well as the final assembly of the supercontinent of Pangaea. The fl 1234567890():,; in uence of these changes on tetrapod biogeography is highly contentious, with some authors suggesting a cosmopolitan fauna resulting from a lack of barriers, and some iden- tifying provincialism. Here we carry out a detailed historical biogeographic analysis of late Paleozoic tetrapods to study the patterns of dispersal and vicariance. A likelihood-based approach to infer ancestral areas is combined with stochastic mapping to assess rates of vicariance and dispersal. Both the late Carboniferous and the end-Guadalupian are char- acterised by a decrease in dispersal and a vicariance peak in amniotes and amphibians. The first of these shifts is attributed to orogenic activity, the second to increasing climate heterogeneity. 1 Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, UK. 2 Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany. 3 School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK. 4 Institut -
A New Basal Sphenacodontid Synapsid from the Late Carboniferous of the Saar−Nahe Basin, Germany
A new basal sphenacodontid synapsid from the Late Carboniferous of the Saar−Nahe Basin, Germany JÖRG FRÖBISCH, RAINER R. SCHOCH, JOHANNES MÜLLER, THOMAS SCHINDLER, and DIETER SCHWEISS Fröbisch, J., Schoch, R.R., Müller, J., Schindler, T., and Schweiss, D. 2011. A new basal sphenacodontid synapsid from the Late Carboniferous of the Saar−Nahe Basin, Germany. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 56 (1): 113–120. A new basal sphenacodontid synapsid, represented by an anterior portion of a mandible, demonstrates for the first time the presence of amniotes in the largest European Permo−Carboniferous basin, the Saar−Nahe Basin. The new taxon, Cryptovenator hirschbergeri gen. et sp. nov., is autapomorphic in the extreme shortness and robustness of the lower jaw, with moderate heterodonty, including the absence of a greatly reduced first tooth and only a slight caniniform develop− ment of the second and third teeth. Cryptovenator shares with Dimetrodon, Sphenacodon, and Ctenospondylus, but nota− bly not with Secodontosaurus, enlarged canines and a characteristic teardrop outline of the marginal teeth in lateral view, possession of a deep symphyseal region, and a strongly concave dorsal margin of the dentary. The new find shows that sphenacodontids were present in the Saar−Nahe Basin by the latest Carboniferous, predating the record of sphenacodontid tracks from slightly younger sediments in this region. Key words: Synapsida, Sphenacodontidae, Carboniferous, Saar−Nahe Basin, Germany. Jörg Fröbisch [[email protected]], Department of Geology, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605, USA and [joerg.froebisch@mfn−berlin.de], Museum für Naturkunde Leibniz−Institut für Evolu− tions− und Biodiversitätsforschung an der Humboldt−Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. -
THE GENERA of REPTILES. By
T he Genera of Re pt il e s. By BARON FRANCIS NOPCSA (Budapest). (Eingelangt am 11. Mai 1927.) Among all the Paleontologists living none has dealt with the recent and fossil reptiles with a wider grasp than Prof. L. D o l l o and at his anniversary it seems quite appropriate to review their whole array. The classification used in the following enumeration of all genera of reptiles is much the same as in my hook „Die Familien der Reptilien“; at this instance however an effort has been made to give a precise definition of every systematic unit. Alteration of the classification became necessary among the Dino- cephalians, the Nothosaurians, the Lacertilians (called here Sauroidea), the Coelurosauroidea and the Crocodilia. The new classification of the Sauroidea is intermediate between the classifications proposed by B o u l e n g e r and C a m p . Naturally as a rule only those fossil genera are referred to, that are more than simple catalogue numbers that facilitate the finding of the respective piece in a collection; indeterminable problematic genera of small interest have mostly been omitted. Extinct units and genera are marked in the lists with a cross ("j*). Difficulties of classification have been encountered in the Lacertilia and Ophidia, for in the new system the conventional families of recent Lizards and Serpents has been given subfamily rank and conse quently the different recent subfamilies had to be dropped. Instead of these subfamilies the minor units were separated by greek letters. — The tedious and complicated revision of the genera of recent Lizards and Snakes was done by Prof.