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The World at the Time of Messel: Conference Volume
T. Lehmann & S.F.K. Schaal (eds) The World at the Time of Messel - Conference Volume Time at the The World The World at the Time of Messel: Puzzles in Palaeobiology, Palaeoenvironment and the History of Early Primates 22nd International Senckenberg Conference 2011 Frankfurt am Main, 15th - 19th November 2011 ISBN 978-3-929907-86-5 Conference Volume SENCKENBERG Gesellschaft für Naturforschung THOMAS LEHMANN & STEPHAN F.K. SCHAAL (eds) The World at the Time of Messel: Puzzles in Palaeobiology, Palaeoenvironment, and the History of Early Primates 22nd International Senckenberg Conference Frankfurt am Main, 15th – 19th November 2011 Conference Volume Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung IMPRINT The World at the Time of Messel: Puzzles in Palaeobiology, Palaeoenvironment, and the History of Early Primates 22nd International Senckenberg Conference 15th – 19th November 2011, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Conference Volume Publisher PROF. DR. DR. H.C. VOLKER MOSBRUGGER Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Editors DR. THOMAS LEHMANN & DR. STEPHAN F.K. SCHAAL Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany [email protected]; [email protected] Language editors JOSEPH E.B. HOGAN & DR. KRISTER T. SMITH Layout JULIANE EBERHARDT & ANIKA VOGEL Cover Illustration EVELINE JUNQUEIRA Print Rhein-Main-Geschäftsdrucke, Hofheim-Wallau, Germany Citation LEHMANN, T. & SCHAAL, S.F.K. (eds) (2011). The World at the Time of Messel: Puzzles in Palaeobiology, Palaeoenvironment, and the History of Early Primates. 22nd International Senckenberg Conference. 15th – 19th November 2011, Frankfurt am Main. Conference Volume. Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Frankfurt am Main. pp. 203. -
The Lower Permian Abo Formation in the Fra Cristobal and Caballo Mountains, Sierra County, New Mexico Spencer G
New Mexico Geological Society Downloaded from: http://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/63 The Lower Permian Abo Formation in the Fra Cristobal and Caballo Mountains, Sierra County, New Mexico Spencer G. Lucas, Karl Krainer, Dan S. Chaney, William A. DiMichele, Sebastian Voigt, David S. Berman, and Amy C. Henrici, 2012, pp. 345-376 in: Geology of the Warm Springs Region, Lucas, Spencer G.; McLemore, Virginia T.; Lueth, Virgil W.; Spielmann, Justin A.; Krainer, Karl, New Mexico Geological Society 63rd Annual Fall Field Conference Guidebook, 580 p. This is one of many related papers that were included in the 2012 NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebook. Annual NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebooks Every fall since 1950, the New Mexico Geological Society (NMGS) has held an annual Fall Field Conference that explores some region of New Mexico (or surrounding states). Always well attended, these conferences provide a guidebook to participants. Besides detailed road logs, the guidebooks contain many well written, edited, and peer-reviewed geoscience papers. These books have set the national standard for geologic guidebooks and are an essential geologic reference for anyone working in or around New Mexico. Free Downloads NMGS has decided to make peer-reviewed papers from our Fall Field Conference guidebooks available for free download. Non-members will have access to guidebook papers two years after publication. Members have access to all papers. This is in keeping with our mission of promoting interest, research, and cooperation regarding geology in New Mexico. However, guidebook sales represent a significant proportion of our operating budget. Therefore, only research papers are available for download. -
Frogs (Amphibia, Anura) from the Eocene and Oligocene of the Phosphorites Du Quercy (France)
FOSSIL IMPRINT • vol. 72 • 2016 • no. 1-2 • pp. 53–66 (formerly ACTA MUSEI NATIONALIS PRAGAE, Series B – Historia Naturalis) FROGS (AMPHIBIA, ANURA) FROM THE EOCENE AND OLIGOCENE OF THE PHOSPHORITES DU QUERCY (FRANCE). AN OVERVIEW JEAN-CLAUDE RAGE Sorbonne Universités, CR2P CNRS-MNHN-UPMC Paris 6, Département Histoire de la Terre, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP 38, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France; e-mail: [email protected]. Rage, J.-C. (2016): Frogs (Amphibia, Anura) from the Eocene and Oligocene of the Phosphorites du Quercy (France). An overview. – Fossil Imprint, 72(1-2): 53–66, Praha. ISSN 2533-4050 (print), ISSN 2533-4069 (on-line). Abstract: Anuran assemblages from the Eocene and Oligocene of the Phosphorites du Quercy (southwestern France) are documented by a modest number of isolated bones, incomplete skulls, and some ‘mummies’. However, at the family level, the diversity is not significantly lower than in coeval frog assemblages from other regions. By contrast, a larger number of amniote specimens and taxa are known from the Phosphorites. The sparse anuran record within the Phosphorites most likely results from the karstic environment in which the fossiliferous sites formed. Such an environment is not favorable for animals dependent on water and moisture. Upper middle and upper Eocene localities in the Phosphorites produced Alytidae, Pelobatidae, Pelodytidae and ranoids. The presence of bufonids or microhylids, and rhacophorids cannot be definitely rejected, and potentially distinctive, but unidentifiable taxa also may be present. The occurrence of Pelodytidae in the Eocene of Europe is confirmed by diagnostic bones from the Phosphorites. In Oligocene localities in the Phosphorites, anurans are even less diverse, with only Alytidae, Pelobatidae and ranoids having been recovered. -
Continental Invertebrate and Plant Trace Fossils in Space and Time: State of the Art and Prospects
48 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF CONTINENTAL ICHNOLOGY, ABSTRACT VOLUME & FIELD TRIP GUIDE Continental invertebrate and plant trace fossils in space and time: State of the art and prospects M. GABRIELA MANGANO1 *, LUIS A. BUATOIS1 1 Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon SK S7N 5E2, Canada * presenting author, [email protected] Continental invertebrate ichnology has experienced a substantial development during the last quarter of century. From being a field marginal to mainstream marine ichnology, represented by a handful of case studies, continental ichnology has grown to occupy a central position within the field of ani- mal-substrate interactions. This evolution is illustrated not only through the accumulation of ichnolog- ic information nurtured by neoichnologic observations and a detailed scrutiny of ancient continental successions, but also through the establishment of new concepts and methodologies. From an ichnofacies perspective, various recurrent associations were defined B( UATOIS & MÁNGANO 1995; GENISE et al. 2000, 2010, 2016; HUNT & LUCAS 2007; EKDALE et al. 2007; KRAPOVICKAS et al. 2016), a situation sharply contrasting with the sole recognition of the Scoyenia ichnofacies as the only valid one during the seventies and eighties (Table 1; Fig. 1). The ichnofacies model now includes not only freshwater ich- nofacies, but also terrestrial ones, most notably those reflecting the complex nature of paleosol trace fossils (GENISE 2017). Trace fossils are now being increasingly used to establish a chronology of the colonization of the land and to unravel the patterns and processes involved in the occupation of ecospace in continental set- tings (e.g. BUATOIS & MÁNGANO 1993; BUATOIS et al. -
Morphology, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Diadectidae (Cotylosauria: Diadectomorpha)
Morphology, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Diadectidae (Cotylosauria: Diadectomorpha) by Richard Kissel A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy Graduate Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto © Copyright by Richard Kissel 2010 Morphology, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Diadectidae (Cotylosauria: Diadectomorpha) Richard Kissel Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto 2010 Abstract Based on dental, cranial, and postcranial anatomy, members of the Permo-Carboniferous clade Diadectidae are generally regarded as the earliest tetrapods capable of processing high-fiber plant material; presented here is a review of diadectid morphology, phylogeny, taxonomy, and paleozoogeography. Phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of Diadectidae within Diadectomorpha, the sister-group to Amniota, with Limnoscelis as the sister-taxon to Tseajaia + Diadectidae. Analysis of diadectid interrelationships of all known taxa for which adequate specimens and information are known—the first of its kind conducted—positions Ambedus pusillus as the sister-taxon to all other forms, with Diadectes sanmiguelensis, Orobates pabsti, Desmatodon hesperis, Diadectes absitus, and (Diadectes sideropelicus + Diadectes tenuitectes + Diasparactus zenos) representing progressively more derived taxa in a series of nested clades. In light of these results, it is recommended herein that the species Diadectes sanmiguelensis be referred to the new genus -
Noise Annoys Not Mouriamorphs Filled a Niche THESE Days, Our Ears Are Too Sensitive for That Made Their Preserva Their Own Good
NEWS AND VIEWS DAEDALUS--------~ An orthodox interpret ation might be that sey Noise annoys not mouriamorphs filled a niche THESE days, our ears are too sensitive for that made their preserva their own good. Primitive tribes, with only tion unlikely until the begin natural sounds to listen to, retain their ning of the acute hearing into late age. Modern Permian, at which point civilization, however, batters our ears into taphonomic circumstances early deafness. They have a natural changed and they were protection mechanism, but it badly needs suddenly abundantly pre upgrading. served, both in Euramerica It uses two tiny muscles, the tensor and in those plates newly tympani and the stapedius, which reduce accreting to Euramerica in the ear's sensitivity by stiffening the the Lower Permian. How joints of its transmission bones. They are ever, with tetrapods also tensed automatically by loud noise. They FIG. 2 Discosauriscus, a small, probably larval seymouri diversifying in East Gond worked well in prehistoric times, when amorph from the Lower Permian of the Czech Republic. Cal wana in the Early Carbonif most noises built up slowly. But they ibrated scale bar, 5 cm. (Science Museum of Minnesota; erous, it is equally possible photograph by A. M.) cannot react fast enough to modern that seymouriamorphs first bangs and crashes, and sustained uproar apparently centred on equatorial appeared there and, instead of spreading fatigues them. Daedalus wants to warn Euramerica, was largely a process of westwards, spread or hopped north across them of noise in advance. ecological niche-hopping within a s ingle the chain of North China, Tarim and A sound wave launched upwards into continent. -
Early Tetrapod Relationships Revisited
Biol. Rev. (2003), 78, pp. 251–345. f Cambridge Philosophical Society 251 DOI: 10.1017/S1464793102006103 Printed in the United Kingdom Early tetrapod relationships revisited MARCELLO RUTA1*, MICHAEL I. COATES1 and DONALD L. J. QUICKE2 1 The Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, 1027 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637-1508, USA ([email protected]; [email protected]) 2 Department of Biology, Imperial College at Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL57PY, UK and Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW75BD, UK ([email protected]) (Received 29 November 2001; revised 28 August 2002; accepted 2 September 2002) ABSTRACT In an attempt to investigate differences between the most widely discussed hypotheses of early tetrapod relation- ships, we assembled a new data matrix including 90 taxa coded for 319 cranial and postcranial characters. We have incorporated, where possible, original observations of numerous taxa spread throughout the major tetrapod clades. A stem-based (total-group) definition of Tetrapoda is preferred over apomorphy- and node-based (crown-group) definitions. This definition is operational, since it is based on a formal character analysis. A PAUP* search using a recently implemented version of the parsimony ratchet method yields 64 shortest trees. Differ- ences between these trees concern: (1) the internal relationships of aı¨stopods, the three selected species of which form a trichotomy; (2) the internal relationships of embolomeres, with Archeria -
A Juvenile Skeleton of the Nectridean Amphibian
Lucas, S.G. and Zeigler, K.E., eds., 2005, The Nonmarine Permian, New Mexico Museum of Natural Histoiy and Science Bulletin No. 30. 39 A JUVENILE SKELETON OF THE NECTRIDEAN AMPHIBIAN DIPLOCAULUS AND ASSOCIATED FLORA AND FAUNA FROM THE MITCHELL CREEK FLATS LOCALITY (UPPER WAGGONER RANCH FORMATION; EARLY PERMIAN), BAYLOR COUNTY, NORTH- CENTRAL TEXAS, USA DAN S. CHANEY, HANS-DIETER SUES AND WILLIAM A. DIMICHELE Department of Paleobiology MRC-121, National Museum of Natural History, PC Box 37012, Washington, D.C. 20013-7021 Abstract—A well-preserved skeleton of a tiny individual of the nectridean amphibian Diplocaulus was found in association with other Early Permian animal remains and a flora in a gray mudstone at a site called Mitchell Creek Flats in Baylor County, north-central Texas. The locality has the sedimentological attributes of a pond deposit. The skeleton of Diplocaulus sp. is noteworthy for its completeness and small size, and appears to represent a juvenile individual. The associated plant material is beautifully preserved and comprises the sphe- nopsids Annularia and Calamites, the conifer IBrachyphyllum, possible cycads represented by one or possibly two forms of Taeniopteris, three gigantopterids - Delnortea, Cathaysiopteris, and Gigantopteridium — and three unidentified callipterids. Several unidentified narrow trunks were found at the base of the deposit, appar- ently washed up against the northern margin of the pond. Other faunal material from the deposit comprises myalinid bivalves, conchostracans, a tooth of a xenacanthid shark, and a palaeonisciform fish. INTRODUCTION Wchita Rver T ^ Coinage i ^ 1 t Complete skeletons of Early Permian vertebrates are rare in north- FwmatJon Grcyp c central Texas, where much collecting has been done for about 150 years c c (Fig. -
Strange Tadpoles from the Lower Miocene of Turkey: Is Paedogenesis Possible in Anurans?
Strange tadpoles from the lower Miocene of Turkey: Is paedogenesis possible in anurans? ALAIN DUBOIS, STÉPHANE GROSJEAN, and JEAN−CLAUDE PAICHELER Dubois, A., Grosjean, S., and Paicheler, J.−C. 2010. Strange tadpoles from the lower Miocene of Turkey: Is paedogenesis possible in anurans? Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 55 (1): 43–55. Fossil material from the lower Miocene collected in the basin lake of Beşkonak (Turkey) included 19 slabs showing 19 amphibian anuran tadpoles of rather large size, at Gosner stages 36–38. These well preserved specimens show many mor− phological and skeletal characters. They are here tentatively referred to the genus Pelobates. Two of these tadpoles show an unusual group of black roundish spots in the abdominal region, and a third similar group of spots is present in another slab but we were unable to state if it was associated with a tadpole or not. Several hypotheses can be proposed to account for these structures: artefacts; intestinal content (seeds; inert, bacterial or fungal aggregations; eggs); internal or external parasites; diseases; eggs produced by the tadpole. The latter hypothesis is discussed in detail and is shown to be unlikely for several reasons. However, in the improbable case where these spots would correspond to eggs, this would be the first reported case of natural paedogenesis in anurans, a phenomenon which has been so far considered impossible mostly for anatomical reasons (e.g., absence of space in the abdominal cavity). Key words: Amphibia, Anura, egg, fossil, paedogenesis, tadpole, Miocene, Turkey. Alain Dubois [[email protected]] and Stéphane Grosjean [[email protected]], Département de Sytématique & Evolu− tion, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7205 Origine, Structure et Evolution de la Biodiversité, Reptiles et Amphibiens, Case 30, 25 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France; Jean−Claude Paicheler [[email protected]], Laboratoire de Paléoparasitologie, UFR de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq Jay, 51096 Reims Cedex, France. -
Origin and Phylogenetic Relationships of Living Amphibians
Points of View Syst. Biol. 51(2):364–369, 2002 Tetrapod Phylogeny, Amphibian Origins, and the Denition of the Name Tetrapoda MICHEL LAURIN Equip´ e “Formations squelettiques” UMR CNRS 8570, Case 7077, Universite´ Paris 7, 75005 Paris, France; E-mail: [email protected] The most detailed, computer-generated Ahlberg and Milner, 1994) or did not include phylogeny of early amphibians has been amphibians (Gauthier et al., 1988), thus published recently (Anderson, 2001). The precluding identication of the dichotomy study was based on an analysis of 182 os- between amphibians and reptiliomorphs teological characters and 49 taxa, including (the clade that includes amniotes and the 41 “lepospondyls,” 7 other Paleozoic taxa extinct taxa that are more closely related representing other major groups (seymouri- to amniotes than to lissamphibians). The amorphs, embolomeres, temnospondyls, latest phylogeny (Anderson, 2001) suggests Downloaded By: [University of Tennessee] At: 00:39 18 January 2008 etc.), and a single lissamphibian (the oldest that despite initial skepticism (Coates et al., known apodan, the Jurassic taxon Eocae- 2000), the new pattern of stegocephalian cilia). The publication of this phylogeny is relationships appears to be well supported welcome, but several points raised in that and relatively stable, at least as it pertains to paper deserve to be discussed further. Espe- the relationships between major taxa such cially problematic are the views Anderson as Temnospondyli, Embolomeri, Seymouri- expressed about the polyphyletic origin of amorpha, Amniota, and the paraphyletic extant amphibians and about the application group informally called lepospondyls of phylogenetic nomenclature. (Figs. 1a, 1b). TETRAPOD PHYLOGENY Anderson (2001) found that the lep- Origin of Extant Amphibians ospondyls are more closely related to This brings us to the more difcult ques- amniotes than to seymouriamorphs and em- tion of amphibian origins. -
A Review of Neusibatrachus Wilferti, an Early Cretaceous Frog from the Montsec Range, Northeastern Spain
A review of Neusibatrachus wilferti, an Early Cretaceous frog from the Montsec Range, northeastern Spain ANA M. BÁEZ and BORJA SANCHIZ Báez, A.M. and Sanchiz, B. 2007. A review of Neusibatrachus wilferti, an Early Cretaceous frog from the Montsec Range, northeastern Spain. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 52 (3): 477–487. Neusibatrachus wilferti is an anuran from the late Berriasian–early Valanginian fossiliferous lacustrine limestones that are exposed in the eastern part of the Montsec Range, province of Lleida, Spain. It was originally described by Seiffert in 1972 and its phylogenetic position has since been discussed. Neusibatrachus has been considered an undeterminable fos− sil, an abnormal individual, or a primitive palaeobatrachid. Here we redescribe the only available specimen, and clarify features, such as absence of palatines, nine presacrals, and procoelous vertebral centra, that have been the subject of previ− ous debates. We consider the specimen to be a postmetamorphic individual and make developmental interpretations of some of its characters. In particular, we provide evidence of a living anuran (Rana iberica) that resembles Neusibatrachus in the development of intervertebral articulations. Neusibatrachus is considered a valid genus, which differs from other anurans, except for the pipoids, in the joint presence of an azygous frontoparietal and a parasphenoid lacking the subotic alae, although it differs from the pipoids in having nine presacral vertebrae. Morphological evidence indicates that Neusi− batrachus is related to Xenoanura, the pipoid branch in the living Amphibia Tree of Life based on molecular data. More− over, it might be a member of the pipoid clade proper, which presently includes the Pipidae, Rhinophrynidae, and several fossil taxa, including the Palaeobatrachidae, although the evidence is not conclusive. -
3D Maps of Mineral Composition and Hydroxyapatite Orientation in Fossil Bone Samples Obtained by X-Ray Diffraction Computed Tomo
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN 3D Maps of Mineral Composition and Hydroxyapatite Orientation in Fossil Bone Samples Obtained Received: 25 January 2018 Accepted: 20 June 2018 by X-ray Difraction Computed Published: xx xx xxxx Tomography Fredrik K. Mürer1, Sophie Sanchez2,3,4, Michelle Álvarez-Murga3, Marco Di Michiel3, Franz Pfeifer5,6, Martin Bech 7 & Dag W. Breiby1,8 Whether hydroxyapatite (HA) orientation in fossilised bone samples can be non-destructively retrieved and used to determine the arrangement of the bone matrix and the location of muscle attachments (entheses), is a question of high relevance to palaeontology, as it facilitates a detailed understanding of the (micro-)anatomy of extinct species with no damage to the precious fossil specimens. Here, we report studies of two fossil bone samples, specifcally the tibia of a 300-million-year-old tetrapod, Discosauriscus austriacus, and the humerus of a 370-million-year-old lobe-fnned fsh, Eusthenopteron foordi, using XRD-CT – a combination of X-ray difraction (XRD) and computed tomography (CT). Reconstructed 3D images showing the spatial mineral distributions and the local orientation of HA were obtained. For Discosauriscus austriacus, details of the muscle attachments could be discerned. For Eusthenopteron foordi, the gross details of the preferred orientation of HA were deduced using three tomographic datasets obtained with orthogonally oriented rotation axes. For both samples, the HA in the bone matrix exhibited preferred orientation, with the unit cell c-axis of the HA crystallites tending to be parallel with the bone surface. In summary, we have demonstrated that XRD-CT combined with an intuitive reconstruction procedure is becoming a powerful tool for studying palaeontological samples.