NOLI ME TANGERE José Rizal

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NOLI ME TANGERE José Rizal Josè Rizal, Noli me tangere frontespizio, dediche, indice 1/8 Beato Angelico: "NOLI ME TANGERE" (Museo di S. Marco - Firenze) NOLI ME TANGERE José Rizal Josè Rizal, Noli me tangere frontespizio, dediche, indice 2/8 Josè Rizal, Noli me tangere frontespizio, dediche, indice 3/8 JOSÉ RIZAL NOLI ME TANGERE Romanzo filippino tagalo Was? Es dürfte kein Cäsar auf euren Bünen sich zeigen? Kein Achill, kein Orest, keine Andromacha mehr? Nichts. Man sieht bei uns nur Pfarrer, Commerziaenräthe, Fähndriche, Secretärs oder Husarrenmajors. Aber, ich bitte Dich, Freund, was kann denn dieser Misere Großes begegnen, was kann Großes denn durch sie gescheh'n? Schiller: Das Gespenst Shakespeares Che? Non potrebbe un Cesare presentarsi alla vostra scena? Un Achille, un Oreste, un'Andromaca, non più? Niente. Non vediamo che preti, consiglieri commerciali, Alfieri, segretari o comandanti di ussari. Ma dì, amico, che può combinare di grande questa miseria? Che cosa di grande può venire da questa? Schiller: Lo spettro di Shakespeare BERLIN Berliner Buchdruckerei-Actien-Geselschaft Setzerinnen-Schule des Lette-Vereins 1887 ________________ Traduzione in italiano di Vasco Caini Josè Rizal, Noli me tangere frontespizio, dediche, indice 4/8 Alla mia Patria ________ Negli annali delle sofferenze umane è riportato un cancro di un carattere così maligno che il più piccolo contatto lo irrita e stimola in esso un acutissimo dolore. Nello stesso modo, tutte le volte che in mezzo alle moderne civiltà mi è piaciuto evocarti, sia per aver la compagnia dei tuoi ricordi, sia per paragonarti agli altri paesi, sempre la tua cara immagine mi è apparsa affetta da un simile cancro sociale. Desiderando la tua salute, che è anche la nostra, e cercando il migliore rimedio, farò con te quello che facevano gli antichi con i malati: li esponevano sulle scale del tempio, perché tutti coloro che venivano ad invocare la divinità proponessero loro un rimedio. E con questo fine, cercherò di riprodurre fedelmente il tuo stato senza compiacenza; alzerò parte del velo che occulta il male, sacrificando tutto alla verità, perfino il mio stesso amor proprio, perché, come figlio tuo, soffro degli stessi difetti e debolezze. Europa, 1886 Josè Rizal Josè Rizal, Noli me tangere frontespizio, dediche, indice 5/8 NOTA DEL TRADUTTORE Fin dalla prima stesura ho ricevuto molti suggerimenti e correzioni da volenterosi lettori. Presumo che ora la traduzione sia abbastanza corretta. Mentre colgo l’occasione per ringraziare i primi, continuo ad invitare i futuri lettori ad inviarmi i loro suggerimenti: errori si trovano sempre e miglioramenti sono sempre possibili. L’autore usa con gran frequenza il presente storico misto a tempi passati nello stesso periodo. Nei limiti della comprensibilità dell’italiano, ho cercato di rispettare i tempi e i modi, con qualche presente storico e qualche passato remoto in meno e qualche congiuntivo in più. La traduzione è piuttosto letterale: ciò faciliterà il compito dei volenterosi correttori anche senza l’originale. Le note sono riprese dalla riedizione in offset del National Historical Institute di Manila, 1995, dall’edizione in inglese, tradotta da Soledad Lacson-Locsin, University of Hawai’i Press, 1996, e da contatti diretti con diversi filippini che ringrazio per la pazienza e l’interesse. Le note indicate con FB, si riferiscono alle edizioni curate da Feliciano Basa. Le note della riedizione del N.H.I.. sono state riprese a loro volta dalle varie edizioni del testo susseguitesi nel secolo scorso. Alcune sono un po’ prolisse, altre contraddittorie. Le ho riportate tutte perché, oltre che atte a facilitare la comprensione di una cultura in parte remota da quella italiana attuale, costituiscono anche un panorama della considerazione che l’opera ha avuto in più di cento anni di vita. Ho aggiunto alcune note esplicative relative a cose esotiche per il lettore italiano e tutte le traduzioni delle frasi in latino od in altre lingue. Ho ripetuto le note brevi, per evitare un rimando che avrebbe occupato lo stesso spazio. Nell’insieme le note sono forse troppe: sta al lettore decidere se e quali leggere. Vasco Caini Via dei Pittori 5, 53100 Siena, Italia Ph. & fax: +39 0577 286633 e-mail: [email protected] web: http://vcaini.supereva.it © Copyright pending Josè Rizal, Noli me tangere frontespizio, dediche, indice 6/8 Dedica del traduttore A Bianca Josè Rizal, Noli me tangere frontespizio, dediche, indice 7/8 I n d i c e _______________ I Un ricevimento II Crisòstomo Ibarra III La cena IV Eretico e filibustiere V Una stella in una notte oscura VI Capitan Tiago VII Idillio su un attico VIII Ricordi IX Cose del paese X Il paese XI I Sovrani XII Ognissanti XIII Presagi di tempesta XIV Tasio il matto o il filosofo XV I sagrestani XVI Sisa XVII Basilio XVIII Anime in pena XIX Avventure di un maestro di scuola XX L’adunanza in municipio XXI Storia di una madre XXII Luci ed ombre XXIII La pesca XXIV Nel bosco XXIV bis Elia e Salomè XXV In casa del filosofo XXVI La vigilia della festa XXVII Sull’imbrunire XXVIII Corrispondenze XXIX La mattina XXX In chiesa XXXI La predica XXXII Il paranco XXXIII Libero pensiero XXXIV Il pranzo XXXV Commenti XXXVI La prima nube XXXVII Sua Eccellenza Josè Rizal, Noli me tangere frontespizio, dediche, indice 8/8 XXXVIII La processione XXXIX Donna Consolazione XL Il diritto e la forza XLI Due visite XLII I coniugi De Gladioli XLIII Progetti XLIV Esame di coscienza XLV I banditi XLVI La galliera XLVII Le due signore XLVIII L’enigma XLIX La voce dei banditi L La famiglia di Elia LI Cambi LII La carta dei morti e le ombre LIII Il buon dì si vede dal mattino LIV Dies irae LV La catastrofe LVI Quello che si dice e quello che si crede LVII Væ victis! LVIII Il maledetto. LIX Patria e interessi LX Maria Chiara si sposa LXI La caccia nel lago LXII Il P. Dàmaso si spiega LXIII La Notte Santa Epilogo ____________ J. Rizal, Noli me tangere Cap. I, Un ricevimento 1/12 I 5 UN RICEVIMENTO Alla fine di ottobre, don Santiago dei Santi, conosciuto popolarmente 10 sotto il nome di Capitan Tiago1, dava una cena che costituiva già l’argomento di ogni conversazione in Binondo2, in altri quartieri lontani e perfino in Intramuros3, nonostante l’avesse annunciata solo quella sera contro la sua abitudine. Capitan Tiago passava allora per un uomo molto generoso e si sapeva che la sua casa, come la sua nazione, non chiudeva la 15 porta a niente e a nessuno, se non per cose di commercio o idee nuove o azzardate. Come una scossa elettrica, la notizia corse nel mondo dei parassiti, degli insetti o delle fecce che Dio ha creato nella sua infinità bontà e che tanto accuratamente moltiplica in Manila. Alcuni cercarono ceretta per le loro 20 scarpe, altri bottoni e cravatte, tutti però preoccupati di come avrebbero dovuto salutare più familiarmente il padrone di casa, per lasciar credere ad una vecchia amicizia, o scusarsi, se è il caso, di non esser potuti arrivare più presto. Questa cena si dava in una casa della via di Anloague4 e, giacché non ne 25 ricordiamo il numero, la descriveremo in modo che la si possa riconoscere ancora, a meno che i terremoti non l’abbiano distrutta5. Non crediamo che il suo padrone la faccia abbattere, perché di questo lavoro laggiù si incari- 1 Quelli che svolgevano funzioni simili a quelle di sindaco della città, erano anche chiamati governator- cillos (governatorini) o Capitani. Capitan Tiago, nel romanzo, è la personificazione di vari filippini, alcuni amici ed altri solo conoscenti dell’autore, che godevano del rispetto e della considerazione della società di Manila. Si crede che Rizal ne avesse presenti particolarmente due di Manila, don M.B. e don T.C., e uno di Malabon. 2 Quando fu scritto Noli, Binondo (da minundoc), al Nord del fiume Pasig e vicino a Santa Cruz e Tondo, era, secondo Bowring, “il più importante e ricco paese delle Filippine, e la sua vera capitale commercia- le”. La maggior parte dei cinesi di Manila vivevano in Binondo. La sua principale strada commerciale era Rosario (da Piazza Moraga alla Chiesa di Binondo). 3 Latino. Letteralmente “dentro le mura”, la Città Murata, Vecchia Manila. Era la parte più importante di Manila al tempo degli Spagnoli, perché qui erano gli uffici del Governo Spagnolo, il quartiere di Spagna e Forte Santiago. Intramuros era allora circondata da spesse larghe mura e da un fossato; l’accesso avve- niva attraverso cinque solide porte, tra cui la Porta di Isabella II, la Porta del Parian e la Porta Reale, e costituiva una delle meglio fortificate città orientali. 4 Oggi il pezzo della via Juan Luna dalla piazza Calderòn de la Barca fino alla piazza di Cervantes. “Anloague (dal tagalo anluwagi, falegname). Nel grande distretto di Binondo c’è una via che si chiama di Anloague, perché in essa, quando le si dette questo nome, vivevano numerosi falegnami di quelli che si dedicano alla costruzione di edifici in legno, bambù e nipa”. Retana, Diz. di Filippinismi, p. 34. 5 La casa della via Anloague che qui si descrive era di proprietà del sig. Maurizio Balbino, dove fu situa- to, durante i primi anni del regime americano, l’ufficio del fisco. Era un casone chiuso in un lotto di terreno tra le vie J. Luna, Rentas e Ingreso e, sul dietro, dall’estuario o fiume di Binondo. J. Rizal, Noli me tangere Cap. I, Un ricevimento 2/12 cano Dio o la Natura, con molta collaborazione da parte del nostro Gover- no. E’ un edificio piuttosto grande, nello stile più comune in quasi tutto il paese, situato verso la parte che dà su un braccio del Pasig che da molti è chiamato estuario1 di Binondo.
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