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The Philippine Islands, 1493-1803; fA/<(Yf r* ^,<?^ffyf/M^^ f^rM M<H ^ ^y^ /"^v/// f> .6S THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 1493-1898 The PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 1493-1898 Explorations by Early Navigators, Descriptions of the Islands and their Peoples, their History and Records of the Catholic Missions, as related in contemporaneous Books and Manuscripts, showing the Political, Eco- nomic, Commercial and Religious Conditions of those Islands from their earliest relations with European Nations to the close of the Nineteenth Century TRANSLATED FROM THE ORIGINALS Edited and annotated by Emma Helen Blair and James Alexander Robertson, with historical intro- duction and additional notes by Edward Gaylord Bourne. With maps, portraits and other illustrations Volume XXXV—1640-164^ The Arthur H. Clark Company Cleveland, Ohio MCMVI COPYRIGHT 1906 THE ARTHUR H. CLARK COMPANY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED CONTENTS OF VOLUME XXXV Preface. ........ 9 Documents of 1640- 1644 The Dominican missions, 1635-39. Baltasar de Santa Cruz, O. P. [From his Historia de la provincia del Santo Rosario (Zaragoza, 1693).] 25 The Recollect missions, 1625-40. [Extracts from the works of Juan de la Concepcion and Luis de Jesus.] . '59 News from Filipinas, 1640-42. [Unsigned]; [Manila, 1641], and July 25, 1642 . .114 Decree regarding the Indians. Felipe IV; ^arago9a, October 24, 1642 . .125 Formosa lost to Spain. Juan de los Angeles, O.P.; Macasar, March, 1643 • • .128 Letter to Corcuera. Felipe IV; Zaragoza, August 4, 1 643 1 63 Documents of 1644- 1649 Concessions to the Jesuits. Balthasar de La- gunilla, S. J., and others; 1640-44 . .169 Events in the Philippines, 1643-44. [Un- signed and undated.] . .176 FiscaFs report on Sangley licenses. Sebastian Cavallero [de Medina]; Manila, 1644. 185 Decree ordering reenforcements for the islands. Felipe IV; Zaragoza, September 18, 1645 • ^9^ "1 r'^- f"^^o/"^' '1 6 THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS [VoL 35 Documents of 1644- 1649 Erection of the college of Santo Tomas into a university. Felipe IV and Innocent X; 1644-45 -199 Trade with English not desired. Council of State; Madrid, January 30, 1647. • • ^09 Affairs in Filipinas, 1644-47. Fray Joseph Fayol (of the Order of Mercy); Manila, 1647. • • • • • • .212 Decree regarding missionaries. Felipe IV; Madrid, September 17, 1647 • • .276 Early Franciscan missions. [Unsigned; writ- ten in 1649, ^^d published in 1895.] • ^7^ Bibliographical Data . - S'^S ILLUSTRATIONS Title-page of Historia de la provincia del Santo Ro- sario de FilipinaSy tomo segundo, by Baltasar de Santa Cruz, O. P. (Zarag09a, 1693); photographic facsimile from copy in library of Harvard Uni- versity . ... .23 Native women pounding rice in the province of Cagayan; from photograph taken by Otto Fischer, 1888; procured in Madrid. -49 Chart of part of the Philippines; photographic fac- simile of a map taken from a Dutch MS. of 1662; from Dalrymple's Charts [London], 1778, ii, p. 74; from copy in the Library of Congress. 132, 133 Rough sketch of Manila and its environs, ca. 1641; photographic facsimile from original MS. map in Archivo general de Indias, Sevilla . -171 PREFACE In the present volume, which covers the period 1629-49, the principal topics are the missions of the religious orders and the hostilities between the Span- iards and the Dutch in the eastern seas. The final chapters in this conflict are the capture of Formosa by the Dutch, and the successive defeats of their armed squadrons in contests with the Spanish ships sent against them from Manila. In the loss of For- mosa the Dominicans are deprived of their flourish- ing missions there; but this is compensated by the suppression of Collado's faction in their order. The Recollect missions in Mindanao sustain some losses; but one of the laborers therein, "Father Captain," sheds glory on them by his bravery, skill, and devo- tion. The Franciscan missions are in satisfactory condition; to their strictly religious work they add the care of the hospitals and the lepers. The pros- perity of the islands has been greatly injured by the losses of galleons, insufficient crops, the oppressive taxes laid on the Chinese traders, and the great earthquake of 1645. For the leading events in the history of the Dominican order in the islands at this period, we resort to the pages of Santa Cruz's Historia de la provincia del Santo Rosario (Zaragoga, 1693) , a con- lO THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS [VoL 35 tinuation of Aduarte's Historia^ already presented in this series. Beginning with 1635, Santa Cruz gives an account, more detailed than Aduarte's, of the coming of Collado and the ^^Barbones" friars; and he adds the punishment and tragic death of Fray Collado. In 1637, Fray Carlos Gant is chosen provincial. Santa Cruz describes the island of Formosa, its people, and the Dominican mission es- tablished among them. He enumerates some of the mistakes and faults of Governor Corcuera, v^ith their evil results to the islands; of these, the event most deplored by the Dominicans is the loss of Formosa (1642). The lives and achievements of various mis- sionaries of the order are related. In 1639 occurs an insurrection among the Cagayan natives, caused by ill-treatment from the Spaniards: the latter are un- able to subdue these people, who take refuge in their mountains. In the same year, both the galleons from Acapulco are wrecked, which inflicts heavy losses on the islands. Santa Cruz copies the royal decrees relating to Collado and the suppression of the con- gregation of San Pablo. An account of the Recollect missions for the period 1625-38 is furnished by Luis de Jesus, in his Historia de los religiosos descalzos de San Augustin (Madrid, 1681). In 1625, Recollect missionaries extend their work in northern Mindanao, Fray Juan de San Nicolas and a companion. In the following year, the Moros, instigated by the noted Corralat, attack the village of Cagaiang; but it is fortified, and its people trained in military exercises, by the "fighting parson" of those missions. Fray Agustin de San Pedro, who defeats the enemy. In 1631 the Indians of Caraga, ill-treated by the Spanish commandant 1640-1649] PREFACE I I there, rebel ; they kill him and some of the soldiers, and several of the Recollect missionaries in Caraga; some others are saved by friendly Indians. The na- tives of Butuan remain faithful to the missionaries, notwithstanding the efforts of the insurgents to se- duce them. One of the fathers sails to Cebu to procure relief for the endangered garrison at Tan- dag; this is promptly sent, and soon quells the insurrection. Much consolation is afforded to the fathers in this distressful period by the conversion of an outlaw Indian chief and his hundred followers. Some mention is made of the persecutions in Japan, and of the Spanish occupation and subsequent loss of Formosa. In 1635 the Recollects enter Romblon and its dependent islands, where they labor bravely, but exposed to continual danger by the piratical raids of the Moros. Several of those who occupy Cuyo and Calamianes Islands are captured by those enemies, and become martyrs for the faith. This account is supplemented by that presented by Juan de la Concepcion in his Historia general de Phili- pinas (Manila, 1788). He follows Luis de Jesus somewhat closely, but adds an interesting account of the missions begun by the Recollects in northern Mindanao, which they are afterward obliged to abandon. Their "Father Captain" (Fray Agustin de San Pedro) aids the Spaniards in the invasion (1639) of the Lake Lanao district, which is fully described. After the Moros are conquered for the time by the Spaniards, the Jesuits claim the Lanao district as being their field, and the Recollects are excluded from it. Another expedition is sent thither to build a fort on Lake Lanao ; when this is but half done, the Moros - naturally treacherous, and further 12 THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS [VoL 35 instigated by Corralat - attack it. The Jesuit priest at Lanao sends to the Recollect **Father Captain" an entreaty for aid to the besieged Spaniards; he responds quickly, and soon liberates them, also con- ducting the troops safely to the seashore. The dis- trict, however, is not restored to the Recollects -a result due, according to Concepcion, to the machina- tions of the Jesuits. The notable events in the year ending July, 1641, are narrated by a Franciscan at Manila. The Portu- guese of Macao have been expelled from Japan, many being burned at the stake; and thus is closed the traffic which Macao had with Japan, to which that city owed its existence. A terrible noise in the air has been heard throughout the islands (afterward known to be caused by volcanic eruptions), which occasions much fear among the people - especially since the Dutch have seized the city of Malacca. News is sent to Manila of increased strength and hostile plans on the part of the Dutch, who talk of capturing that city; and they are even lying in wait near the Embocadero for the Acapulco galleons. The bloody persecutions in Japan have left few missionaries alive there; rumors regarding some have reached Manila, and the writer mentions the martyrdoms of several others. He also cites a letter from the Spanish governor of Ternate, asking for more religious to carry on the mission recently begun in Celebes. A short unsigned letter, dated July 25, 1642, states that the islands are suffering from extreme drouth. The ship from Acapulco has come safely, but narrowly escaping the Dutch who lay in wait for it. The Portuguese from Macao profess loyalty to 3 1 640-1649] PREFACE 1 Castilla. The islands have not suffered from the usual Moro raids; negotiations for peace are being carried on in Mindanao, and Jolo is nominally at peace.
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