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Diplomarbeit DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit „Multimedialer Aspekt im Werk von Dušan Radović“ („Multimedijalni aspekt u delu Dušana Radovića“) Verfasserin Biljana Gratt angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Philosophie (Mag.phil.) Wien, 2013 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 243/364 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Slawistik (Bosnisch/Kroatisch/Serbisch) Betreuerin: Doz. Ao.Univ.-Prof. Dr. Katja Sturm-Schnabl Veliku zahvalnost dugujem svojoj mentorki, dragoj profesorki, Doz. Ao.Univ.-Prof. Dr. Katji Sturm-Schnabl, za nauĉnu, tehniĉku i prijateljsku podršku pri pisanju ovog rada. Rad posvećujem onima koji su me tokom izrade diplomskog rada najviše motivisali da istrajem u svojim nastojanjima i svojim mirom mi pruţili mir koji mi je bio neophodan, svom suprugu Bojanu i našoj ćerki Lari. SADRŢAJ Uvod......................................................................................................................8 1. Biografski podaci...........................................................................................12 2.Dušan Radović u kontekstu srpske literature za decu i literature uopšte..................................................................................................................16 2.1. Kratak pregled dešavanja u knjiţevnosti na prostoru Srbije u vreme nastajanja prvih dela DušanaRadovića....................................................16 2.2. Knjiţevnost za decu u Srbiji...............................................................18 2.3. Dušan Radović i Zmaj – Dušan Radović i Vasko Popa.....................20 2.4. Odnos knjiţevnih kritiĉara i javnosti u Srbiji prema knjiţevnosti za decu...........................................................................................................24 2.5. Radovićev odnos prema knjiţevnosti..................................................25 3. Književnost za decu Dušana Radovića........................................................29 3.1. Karakteristike Radovićeve poezije za decu........................................29 3.2. Aktivnost Dušana Radovića u radu na edukaciji mladih...................33 4. Delo Dušana Radovića u formi aforizma....................................................37 4.1. Aforizam kao kratka forma izraţavanja.............................................37 4.2. Dušan Radović kao aforistiĉar i satiriĉar..........................................38 4.3. Beograd Dušana Radovića.................................................................40 4.3.1. Beograd kao tema u knjiţevnosti...........................................40 4.3.2. Odnos Dušana Radovića prema Beogradu...........................41 5. Primena dela Dušana Radovića u masovnim medijima............................46 5.1. Dušan Radović i pozorište..................................................................46 5.1.1. Pozorišne predstave za decu.................................................47 5.1.2. Pozorišne predstave za odrasle.............................................49 5.2. Dušan Radović i novine......................................................................51 5.2.1.Deĉiji ĉasopis „Poletarac“....................................................53 5.3. Dušan Radović i film..........................................................................64 5.4. Dušan Radović i radio........................................................................65 5.4.1. Radio drama „Kapetan Dţon Piplfoks“...............................65 5.4.2. „Kako su nastale ruţne reĉi“................................................67 5.4.3. Radio emisija „Beograde, dobro jutro“...............................68 5.5. Dušan Radović i televizija..................................................................74 5.5.1. Rad Dušana Radovića na televiziji za decu..........................75 5.5.2. „Na slovo na slovo“..............................................................76 5.5.3. „Laku noć, deco“..................................................................80 5.5.4. Rad Dušana Radovića na televiziji za odrasle......................81 Zaključak............................................................................................................83 Kurze Zusammenfassung in der deutscher Sprache......................................85 Literatura...........................................................................................................95 Primarna literatura...................................................................................95 Sekundarna literatura................................................................................97 Internet linkovi........................................................................................101 Dodatak............................................................................................................102 Curriculum vitae......................................................................................102 Uvod Danjašnja svakodnevnica se teško moţe zamisliti bez prisustva masovnih medija. Kako radio, tako i novine, televizija, film i internet, potpuno su postali sastavni deo posla, obrazovanja, slobodnog vremena i zabave. Mora se primetiti da su i kulturi potrebni masovni mediji, ne bi li se na najbolji naĉin predstavila što većem broju korisnika. S druge strane, upravo masovni mediji mogu biti prizma kroz koju se kultura pogrešno tumaĉi i time joj smanjuje kvalitet. Razvoj tehnike i pojava velikog broja ponudjaĉa na trţištu, dovelo je do meĊusobne borbe konkurenata na polju medija i masovne komunikacije, ĉiji je cilj da se privuĉe što više gledalaca. U ponudi je puno raznovrsnih programa, kako za odrasle tako i za decu, ali im kvantitet ne garantuje i kvalitet. Pod medijem masovne komunikacije podrazumeva se odreĊeno sredstvo, kojim se prenosi odreĊena poruka, tj. posreduje u saopštavanju informacije. Danas postoje posebne nauke koje se bave komunikacijama, masovnim medijima, istraţuju se najrazliĉitiji aspekti novih dostignuća. Najviše se strahuje od prevelike i teško kontrolisane moći medija, najpre televizije, pa onda i ostalih. Uticaj na sve delove društva, a najviše na decu, je veliki. Odavno već postoje zakoni koji pokušavaju da regulišu koliĉinu nasilja i ostalih štetnih sadrţaja u programskoj šemi. Nekada to nije bilo tako, jer su nekada masovni mediji, kao što je televizija ili radio, bili retki. Ne samo što nije bilo širokog izbora, tj. razliĉitih madijskih kuća, već su bila retka i domaćinstva koja su mogla sebi priuštiti aparate za prenos televizijskog i radio programa. Od vremena ţivota i rada Dušana Radovića do danasnjih dana, mnogo se toga promenilo na polju medija, ali je njihova vaţnost ostala ista, tj. povećala se u skladu sa razvojem samog društva u celini. Sedamdesetih godina 20. veka televizija je bila još u razvoju, dok su radio, film, pozorište i knjiga su bili najĉešći putevi za masovno prenošenje informacija. Informacije su tada imale primarno informativni, a odmah zatim obrazovni i zabavni karakter. Sam Dušan Radović je rano uoĉio vaţnost medija i snagu njihovog uticaja na široke narodne mase. Vrlo brzo se „zdruţio“ sa njima, radeci jedan dobar deo zivota upravo za radio i televiziju. Potrudio se da pisano delo oblikuje za potrebe odreĊenog medija, a da se pritom ne gubi na kvalitetu istog. Po mišljenju Miroslava Maksimovića, Radović je prvi srpski pisac koji je pravovremeno i ozbiljno shvatio masovne medije i profesionalno im pristupio. „Ako bi se 8 statistiĉki izmerio njegov rad, ispostavilo bi se da mnogo više pisao za gledanje i slušanje nego za ĉitanje“.1 Uz pomoć takvog ozbiljnog pristupa, Radovićev knjiţevni put kroz medije je bio veoma uspešan, jer se kod njega radilo o „jednom naĉinu mišljenja i deĉijoj odanosti tehniĉkim izumima i modernim medijima koje je Dušan Radović više uvaţio, dublje razumeo i srećnije iskoristio nego i jedan naš pisac“2 U vreme kada je Dušan Radović stvarao, a govorimo o periodu od posle Drugog svetskog rata do osamdesetih godina 20. veka, izbor medija koji su bili dostupni širokim masama u tadašnjoj Jugoslaviji je bio mali. Bolje reĉeno, duţi niz godina izbora nije ni bilo. Postojala je samo jedna kuca, Jugoslovenska radio-televizija, podeljena u republiĉke i pokrajinske podstanice tadašnje Socijalistiĉke Federativne Republike Jugoslavije. MeĊu njima je bila i Radio-Televizija Beograd, koja je poĉela sa radom 23. Avgusta 1958. godine. S jedne strane je ĉinjenica da su jedini u ponudi, za navedenu medijsku kuću nosila sa sobom i veliku odgovornost i obavezu da se kvalitetno bira program, a sa druge strane, takva vrsta monopola dozvoljavala je da se greške dešavaju i ponavljaju. Programske šeme su bile relativno šture i svodile se se, uglavnom na informativno-zabavni karakter. Bez obzira na to, gledanost je bila velika. Odnos nacije prema tadašnjoj Radio Televiziji majbolje ilustruje tekst o televiziji tog vremena: „Kada je Televizija Beograd poĉelasvoj rad, ţiveli smo u vremenu drţavnog socijalizma (...) Za mnoge je ova televizija poĉela kao prvo slovo ili kao prvi prozor u svet. Svake veĉeri okupljale su se porodice, a intenzitet tog osećaja bliskosti nikada kasnije nije nadmašen. Veliki je bio stepen poverenja u reĉi, u slike i ljude koji su ĉitali vesti ili vodili programe, i još veća povezanost gledališta i televizijskih junaka. (...) Bilo je to vreme vlasti jedne ideologije, jedne poruke, jednog programa i jedne drţeve.“3 Na osnovu tih reĉi moţe se reći da je proseĉan gledaoc smatrao radio i televiziju svojim svarnim „prozorom u svet“, da je prijateljski i sa puno poverenja prihvatao dobijene informacije, bez sumnje da
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