DOCSLIB.ORG

Aspects of Hurricane Structure: New Model

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Aspects of Hurricane Structure: New Model MONTHLY - REVIEW VOLUME 92, NUMBER 2 FEBRUARY 4 964 BECBS OF WURRl STRUCUURE: NE SUGGESTED BY AND SWOJECU ERCUWY OBSERVATIO ROBERT W. FETT’ Air Weather Service Member, National Weather Satellite Center, U.S. Weather Bureau, Washington, D.C. ABSTRACT Satellite photographs of hurricanes reveal the complete storm in relationship to its environmcnt. In many instances “outer convective bands” or “pre-hurricane squall lnes” appear to partially “ring” the storm. These bands are usually separated from the rim of thc high cloud shield by a relatively clear channel, visible and distinct for long distances along the circumference. This channel may be formed through the action of a major subsiding branch of the hurricane’s circulation. Many photographs also reveal extensive areas of convective, cirrus-producing cloudiness in the wake of the storm. This cloudiness appears to be intimately associated with that of the hurricane, and strongly influenced by outflow effects. Time cross.section analyses of hurricanes Carla and Anna suggest peripheral subsidence. The area of possible subsidence, in both instances, occurred under an upper shear line, where air diverging in the outflow layer from the hurricane converged with air emanating from the subtropical High. A jet stream, in the case of hurricane Carla, appeared in the region of the subsident annular zone, at the edge of the high cloud shield. This high speed current curved anticyclonically along the northern quadrants of the storm-then, on being directed southward, split into two main branches. The eastern branch curved cyclonically into a trailing vortex, apparent as a cold Low at 200 mb. The western branch continued southward, in alignment with the curvature of cloud streaks forming the cirrus “tail” of hurricane Carla. Thcse features appear to be typical of many hurricanes in certain stages of development. Model considerations, employing these features, wiBh a discussion of ramifications, are suggested in this paper. 1. INTRODUCTION over the entire southern boundary of hurricane Anna. Other satellite pictures, notttbly a TIROS I11 view of TIROS 111 photographs of hurricane Anna (fig. 1) on hurricane Esther on September 16, 1961 (fig. 3) and a July 22, 1961 and Project Mercury photographs of TJROS V view of typhoon Riith on August 15, 1962 hurricane Debbie (fig. 2) on September 13, 1961, reveal the (fig. 4), have shown marked annular zones along the presence of a relatively clear annular zone2 along the northern boundaries of storm cloudiness. The quadrant periphery of the high cloud shield of each storm. In the or quadrank of occurrence of this feature (30 not appear Mercury photographs, traces of the lower cloud field can to be related in any obvious or casily applied manner to still be seen in the annular zone. Low clouds again direction of storm movement, but the feature is seen appear under the edge of the high cloud shield, visible frequently enough to justify the impression that it may through breaks in the upper cloudiness. It is of particular be an important manifestation of the hurricane’s interest that row alignment appears to be maintained circulation. parallel to that previously established in outlying areas. Another noteworthy feature appearing on the photo- The implication is that fairly intense subsidence occurred, graphs is the presence of n curved line of intensified in a narrow zone at the edge of the high cloud shield, and was imposed on the existing lower-level flow. It will be 2 The term “annular zone” or “annulus”, IIS used in this paper, refers to the relatively notnd +’i-t’I suggestion of a subsident zone is apparent clear or cloud-free strip (especially free of loner clouds) adjacent to tho rim of thc high cloud shield of the hurricane, along any portion of its circumference. It will he shown 1 Capt., USAF that this is an aiiniklar zoiie ojsnbsidence. 43 Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/10/21 05:21 AM UTC 44 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW Vol. 92, No. P FIGUREl.-TIlZOS I11 view of hurricane Anna at approsiiiiatcly 1500 GMT, July 22, lDG1. View is to the north-northwest. Storm was moving westward toward lower central portion of horizon. convection at the outer edge of the iinnulus and paralleling cloudiness dong the northeastern edge of this storm. the curvature of the rim of the high cloud shield along the Cirrus cloudiness, from the high cloud shield, extends over edges of the storms. When the Mercury photographs the annular zone, merging with the cloudiness of the (fig. 2) were viewed stereoscopiciilly, cloud tops of the convective band. As to the question of proper inter- outer convective biind were determined to be at an altitude pretation of the convective nature ol this cloudiness, this of 15000-16000 ft., well above the other more suppressed interpretation may be cleduced from many ol the pub- cloud lines. Other TIROS hurricane and typhoon photo- lished satellite studies now avtiilable [a]. In the case of graphs suggest that these lines at times develop to full figure 5, convective cloudiness was dso verified through squall line intensity. Figuie 5 is n TIROS V picture of surface reports at Okioawa, located just on the north side typhoon Sarah, taken on Augnst 16, 1962, which shows of the band [7]. However, it is true that cirrus bands very clewrl; the development of n line of convective have been reported at the very edge of the hurricane Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/10/21 05:21 AM UTC February 1964 Robert W. Fett 45 FIGURE2.-A mosaic of NASA Project Mercury photographs of hurricane Debbie (tiorthwcst quadrant), taken at approsimately 1415 OMT, September 13, 1961. Storm vas riioririg toward the ~iorthcast. circulation with an ripparen t absence of any cotivective Historically, of course, n1;uiy eye witness accounts hiLve cloudiness, as for e re 4. With a good testified to tlie pre\dence of pre-liui*ricnne divergence. viewing niigle and f:th there is no difficulty Uiiusually clew d:Lys followed by 2% sudden ons1:tugtt t of in differentiating bet cloudiriess and the hurricane coriditioris as the “bitr” of the storin ptissed oyer convective band or ure 6 is a mosaic the station, Iitive been widely quoted in literature. In n showing typhoon Carmen 011 August 15, 1963. A cirrus pre-satellite study, the nppeimuice of a11 absolutely cletir band of the type commonly associated with a jet stream and persistent strip along tlie southwestern edge of hurri- appears along the nortliern edge of this st01-m.~Note cane Daisy, in whit presuinably would be tlie annular the much I’ainter reflectivity of this band as opposed to area, mtls noted by Malkus, Ronne, and Chaffee [IO]. In tlie convective bands iietirer the center of the storm md this stiiiie study :I persistent band of cumulus congestus also those farther to the north. The characteristic was found 260 n. mi. west of the hurricane center orieritecl texture ol‘ cirrus as opposed to the mucli brighter globular north-south. This corresponds very closely with the patterns of cumulonimbus make it an easy mutter to locatioii and orientation of the btuid appearing 011 the differentiate between the two. Figure 7 is an unusually picture of hurricnne Debbie (fig. 2). Nntioiial Hurricane good example showing a pi-e-hurricane squall line ns- Research Project filriis of hurricwe Cleo, 1958, nlso show sociated with tropical storm Thelma 011 August 21, 1962. R narrow, cloudless strip at tlie edge of tlie high cloud sltield Again there is no difficulty in deducing tlie coiivective of this storm. A line of towering cumulus appears just nature of this cloucli ness. outmarcl from this strip. Radar studies hiire slio\vu that 3 See scctioii 3 regarding implications of {.hejet stream in this locatlon. LLpre-h~rricanesquid1 lines” frequently developed in pe- Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/10/21 05:21 AM UTC 46 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW Vol. 92, No. 2 uultK tjAND NNULAR ZONE FIGURE3.-A mosaic and nephanalysis of a TIROS I11 pass over hurricane Esther on September 16, 1961. The Great Lakes arc clearly visible in the top portion of the mosaic. The storm mas moving toward the west-iiorthwest. ripheral areas. Serin, Hiser, and Low [13] have shown that These are important aspects which suggest that n major t,hese lines are typically located 100 to 400 mi. in advance feature of the storm's general circulation may be involved, of the center of the storm. These lines are not always causing continual regeneration of the cloud elements which characterized by the same spiral curvature as the interior make up the band, arid ninintilin it for long periods in bands, according to their account, and, also unlike the the same relative position. The TIROS observcitions, interior bands, individual echoes usually show little showing outer convective bands in close proximity to the tangential motion relative to the storm centers. subsident annular zones, suggest that the two may be Unauthenticated | Downloaded 10/10/21 05:21 AM UTC February 1964 Robort W. Fett 47 FIGURE4.-A mosaic and nephanalysis of a TIIEOS V pass over typhoon Ruth on August 15, 1962. A surface analysis for 0000 GMT, August 15, is also shoivn. The storin was moving toward the northwest. related. Such a relationship has certainly iierer before It is the object of this paper to present a more complete been proposed. In fact, the idea of major subsidence in interpretation of the new satellite evidence, by relating the the area of a hurricane poses certain problems which TIROS photographs to conventional information avail- Riehl [I I] has considered in some detail. He showed that able. Relationships suggested in this comparison will be explored in a preliminary and primarily descriptive man- a hurricane circulation could not exist as ti closed system.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Jeff Donnelly [[email protected]] Sent: Friday, April 28, 2006 4:55 PM To: [email protected] Subject: Re: Martha's Vineyard and Hurricanes
    From: Jeff Donnelly [[email protected]] Sent: Friday, April 28, 2006 4:55 PM To: [email protected] Subject: Re: Martha's Vineyard and Hurricanes Hi Paul... The current hospital location is relatively safe from hurricanes making landfall to the west of Martha's Vineyard. For example storm surge from the 1938 hurricane at that location was between 4 and 6 feet. The location is much more susceptible to nor'easters. You might get 6 feet of surge associated with an intense nor'easter potentially with some large waves on top of that. However, my biggest concern is if an intense hurricane were to slowly pass to the east of the island. This would result in strong north and northeast winds that could pile significant storm surge and waves into Vineyard Haven Harbor. The October 3, 1841 hurricane was just such a storm. One of the key factors is the forward motion of the storm. If the storm track is to the east of the island and it is moving rapidly the speed of forward motion would be subtracted from the rotary winds of the west side of the storm and the duration of strong winds would be less (a couple of hours or less). If the storm moves slowly the duration of onshore hurricane force winds could be more like 6 to 10 hours. In this scenario the hospital might be in peril. You could get between 10 and 15 feet of storm surge in Vineyard Haven Harbor during such an event. From my read of the topographic map it looks like the hospital is between 10 and 20 feet above sea level.
    [Show full text]
  • Hurricane & Tropical Storm
    5.8 HURRICANE & TROPICAL STORM SECTION 5.8 HURRICANE AND TROPICAL STORM 5.8.1 HAZARD DESCRIPTION A tropical cyclone is a rotating, organized system of clouds and thunderstorms that originates over tropical or sub-tropical waters and has a closed low-level circulation. Tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes are all considered tropical cyclones. These storms rotate counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere around the center and are accompanied by heavy rain and strong winds (NOAA, 2013). Almost all tropical storms and hurricanes in the Atlantic basin (which includes the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea) form between June 1 and November 30 (hurricane season). August and September are peak months for hurricane development. The average wind speeds for tropical storms and hurricanes are listed below: . A tropical depression has a maximum sustained wind speeds of 38 miles per hour (mph) or less . A tropical storm has maximum sustained wind speeds of 39 to 73 mph . A hurricane has maximum sustained wind speeds of 74 mph or higher. In the western North Pacific, hurricanes are called typhoons; similar storms in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean are called cyclones. A major hurricane has maximum sustained wind speeds of 111 mph or higher (NOAA, 2013). Over a two-year period, the United States coastline is struck by an average of three hurricanes, one of which is classified as a major hurricane. Hurricanes, tropical storms, and tropical depressions may pose a threat to life and property. These storms bring heavy rain, storm surge and flooding (NOAA, 2013). The cooler waters off the coast of New Jersey can serve to diminish the energy of storms that have traveled up the eastern seaboard.
    [Show full text]
  • Edward Petry 84 Co., Inc. Sers 0 111S
    35 Cents 'V3!`t B Giorr.lrig9lde :walicge Linrary Y lOD Sioax City 6 lama 7J1 THE BUSIN D2H ma+yD RADIO NEWSPAPER __EMBER 17, 1962 Tv's biggest customers will spend even more Code board bucks cigarette ad controversy in 1963 27 to tv board 30 Radio -tv homes: county -by- county breakdown Cox appointment to FCC may bring an even released by Nielsen 85 tougher era of regulation 58 COMPLETE INDEX PAGE 7 MORiVINGSfDE E.OL.LE+A. LIBRARY IIILIUx CITY IOWA EDWARD PETRY 84 CO., INC. SERS 0 111S GREETIflBS BIG AGGIE LAND from BIG AGGIE LAND AMERICA'S 40'" ß11D10 MARKET Season's greetings from the management and staff or WNAX -570 and from the 2v4 million residents of Big Aggie Land who have been listen- ing to the reliable voice of WNAX -570 regularly for over 40 years. ',THE KATZ AGENTS', ,.c PEOPLES BROADCASTING CORPORATION 0 WNAX-570 CBS RADIO WNAX, Yankton, S. Dak KVTV, Sioux City. Iowa PROGRAMMING FOR ADULTS OF ALL AGES WGAR, Cleveland. Ohio WRFD, Columbus - PEOPLES BROADCASTING CORPORATION Worthington. Ohio WTTM, Trenton, N I. Sioux City, Iowa, Sioux Falls and Yankton, South Dakota WMMN, Fairmont, W.Va. Represented by Katz Pon II o n k TORONTO L I e ORLEANS N I AGAR A oAlb:n HAMILTON olra,d.auir (mimed O ',Medina Te.nTom. W nNord Sc Ca,Aann..r Mugu. Falls Magma Falla New G E N ESE E M O N R O E O N A R I O We.nd o I.I. .+ N L. Rey oann.abo Karr calbo BUFFALO C.n.nd.ó .
    [Show full text]
  • Hurricane Skirts Shore, Rips New England Coast Cape Cod Damage in Line Here Is of Storm Minor
    Distribufion Weatkei Today N ctonta by tt f M)BANK 17,475 MMtiyV toolfht ud Friday. Hl|fc today Jl; kw tw!|ht •«; twnorrair 75-». tee weather, I UOHBAV THMVCU /MD*Y-t8T. OH Dial SH I-0010 • M» •>« Kin et Iiiutd tally, ICooAiy uuoatfi Friday. Secocd CUM Fonts* RED BANK, N: J., THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 1961 7c PER COPY VOL. 84, NV). 61 puj it K«d Bank ml at Additional ltallliv Officu. PAGE ONE Dressing for Date—With Esther ¥&%' Hurricane Skirts Shore, Rips New England Coast Cape Cod Damage In Line Here Is Of Storm Minor BOSTON (AP) — Hurri- Gale winds, rain, and cane Esther's furious winds tides, two to. three feet aimed today at Cape Cod, above normal were Mon- site of the Summer White mouth County's experience . House at Hyannis Port. as Hurricane Esther's fly- Waterfront resident, and ^ packing wjnds up U{ ing skirts brushgtt-the area boat own.r, made mighty^ ^ . afl hour> hurf early today. preparation* yeiterday a. tnejcan). ^^ g drivjng rajn jn,0 shore are* was placed on|the southern New England The shore region was hurricane watch. William coastal area. Winds mounted pared the brunt of the ca- pricious storm when it hourly as the storm approached. eered slightly to the east from The center of the storm was its earlier northward bearing Bright, having already board- 65 miles south of Block Island, R. I., at 6 a.m. 'esterday. Mid-morning advi- sories indicated it .would slam Gusts as high as 90 miles an entrance to his property with hour were reported at Montauk Into the eastern New England sand bags in photo above.
    [Show full text]
  • S Goddard Space F Light Center Earth Sciences Division: Atmospheres
    Earth Sciences Division: Atmospheres Space Flight Goddard Center NASA’s Deputy Director for Atmospheres Dr. Steven Platnick [email protected] Associate Deputy Director for Atmospheres Dr. Emily Wilson [email protected] Mesoscale Atmospheric Processes Laboratory Chief: Dr. George Huffman [email protected] Climate and Radiation Laboratory Chief: Dr. Lazaros Oreopoulos [email protected] Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory Chief: Dr. James Gleason [email protected] Earth Sciences Wallops Field Support Office Chief: David B. Wolff [email protected] National Aeronautics and Space Administration Aura D3R/ NPOL GPM GPS III Precipitation Accumulation Nitrogen Dioxide Change 2005 2016 Earth Sciences: Atmospheres Goddard Space Flight Center Sciences and Exploration Directorate Dr. Steven Platnick is the Deputy Director for Atmospheres at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center’s Earth Sciences Division (Code 610). He received B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering from Duke University and the University of California, Berkeley, respectively, and a Ph.D. in atmospheric sciences from the University of Arizona. Dr. Platnick’s research focuses on theoretical and experimental cloud remote sensing studies from satellite and aircraft observations. He has worked extensively on the development of NASA satellite cloud optical and microphysical data products, from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), and other imagers. Dear Readers: This brochure provides an overview of the portion of Earth atmospheric science activities at Goddard that comprise the Earth Sciences Division’s Atmospheres organization (Code 610AT). Inside you will find descriptions of our scope of work, our people and facilities, our place in NASA’s mission, and examples of recent accomplishments.
    [Show full text]
  • A High-Resolution Paleoenvironmental and Paleoclimatic History of Extreme Events on the Laminated Sediment Record from Basin Pond, Fayette, Maine, U.S.A
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses Dissertations and Theses November 2015 A High-Resolution Paleoenvironmental and Paleoclimatic History of Extreme Events on the Laminated Sediment Record from Basin Pond, Fayette, Maine, U.S.A. Daniel R. Miller University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2 Part of the Biogeochemistry Commons, Climate Commons, Geochemistry Commons, Other Environmental Sciences Commons, and the Sedimentology Commons Recommended Citation Miller, Daniel R., "A High-Resolution Paleoenvironmental and Paleoclimatic History of Extreme Events on the Laminated Sediment Record from Basin Pond, Fayette, Maine, U.S.A." (2015). Masters Theses. 286. https://doi.org/10.7275/7416079 https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/286 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A HIGH-RESOLUTION PALEOENVIRONMENTAL AND PALEOCLIMATIC HISTORY OF EXTREME EVENTS ON THE LAMINATED SEDIMENT RECORD FROM BASIN POND, FAYETTE, MAINE, U.S.A. A Thesis Presented by DANIEL R. MILLER Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTERS OF SCIENCE September 2015 Department of Geosciences © Copyright by Daniel R. Miller 2015 All Rights Reserved A HIGH-RESOLUTION PALEOENVIRONMENTAL AND PALEOCLIMATIC HISTORY OF EXTREME EVENTS ON THE LAMINATED SEDIMENT RECORD FROM BASIN POND, FAYETTE, MAINE, U.S.A. A Thesis Presented by DANIEL R.
    [Show full text]
  • September Weather History for the 1St - 30Th
    SEPTEMBER WEATHER HISTORY FOR THE 1ST - 30TH AccuWeather Site Address- http://forums.accuweather.com/index.php?showtopic=7074 West Henrico Co. - Glen Allen VA. Site Address- (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- AccuWeather.com Forums _ Your Weather Stories / Historical Storms _ Today in Weather History Posted by: BriSr Sep 1 2008, 11:37 AM September 1 MN History 1807 Earliest known comprehensive Minnesota weather record began near Pembina. The temperature at midday was 86 degrees and a "strong wind until sunset." 1894 The Great Hinckley Fire. Drought conditions started a massive fire that began near Mille Lacs and spread to the east. The firestorm destroyed Hinckley and Sandstone and burned a forest area the size of the Twin City Metropolitan Area. Smoke from the fires brought shipping on Lake Superior to a standstill. 1926 This was perhaps the most intense brief thunderstorm ever in downtown Minneapolis. 1.02 inches of rain fell in six minutes, starting at 2:59pm in the afternoon according to the Minneapolis Weather Bureau. The deluge, accompanied with winds of 42mph, caused visibility to be reduced to a few feet at times and stopped all streetcar and automobile traffic. At second and sixth street in downtown Minneapolis rushing water tore a manhole cover off and a geyser of water spouted 20 feet in the air. Hundreds of wooden paving blocks were uprooted and floated onto neighboring lawns much to the delight of barefooted children seen scampering among the blocks after the rain ended. U.S. History # 1897 - Hailstone drifts six feet deep were reported in Washington County, IA.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. Coast Guard History Program Disasters Finding
    U.S. Coast Guard History Program Disasters Finding Aid Box 1 A.W. Gill – 5 January 1980 A.W. Gill – 5 January 1980 – News Clippings A.W. Gill – 5 January 1980 – Photographs Aaron – 2 September 1971 AC33 Barge – 18 August 1976 AC33 Barge – 18 August 1976 – Photographs AC 38 – 1 August 1980 AC 38 – 1 August 1980 – Photographs Acapulco – 22 December 1961 Acapulco – 22 December 1961 – News Clippings Achille Lauro – 30 November 1994 – News Clippings Achilles – 9 January 1968 Aco 44 – 9 November 1975 Adlib II – 9 October 1971 Adlib II – 9 October 1971 – News Clippings Addiction – 19 April 1995 Admiral – 5 April 1998 Admiral – 5 April 1998 – News Clippings Adriana – 28 July 1977 Adriatic – 18 January 1999 Adriatic – 18 January 1999 – News Clippings Advance – 16 May 1985 Advent – 18 February 1913 – Photographs Adventurer – 16 April 1983 Adventurer – 16 April 1983 – Photographs Aegean Sea – 10 September 1977 – Photographs Aegis Duty – 4 December 1973 – News Clippings Aegis Duty – 4 December 1973 – Photographs Aeolus – 24 August 1974 Aeolus – 24 August 1974 – News Clippings Aeolus – 24 August 1974 – Photographs Afala – 24 January 1976 1 Afala – 24 January 1976 – News Clippings Affair – 4 November 1985 Afghanistan – 20 January 1979 Afghanistan – 20 January 1979 – News Clippings Agnes – 27 October 1985 Box 2 African Dawn – 5 January 1959 – News Clippings African Dawn – 5 January 1959 – Photographs African Neptune – 7 November 1972 African Queen – 30 December 1958 African Queen – 30 December 1958 – News Clippings African Queen – 30 December 1958 – Photographs African Star-Midwest Cities Collision – 16 March 1968 Agattu – 31 December 1979 Agattu – 31 December 1979 Box 3 Agda – 8 November 1956 – Photographs Ahad – n.d.
    [Show full text]
  • Climatology of Tropical Cyclones in New England and Their Impact at the Blue Hill Observatory, 1851-2012
    Climatology of Tropical Cyclones in New England and Their Impact at the Blue Hill Observatory, 1851-2012 Michael J. Iacono Blue Hill Meteorological Observatory Updated September 2013 Introduction Over the past four centuries, extreme hurricanes have occurred in New England at intervals of roughly 150 years, as evidenced by the three powerful storms of 1635, 1815, and 1938. Histories and personal accounts of these infamous hurricanes make for fascinating reading (Ludlum, 1963; Minsinger, 1988), and they serve as an important reminder of the devastating impact that tropical cyclones can have in the Northeast. Most tropical systems in New England are less damaging, but they can still disrupt our daily lives with strong winds, heavy rain, and flooding. This article, which updates an earlier report in the Blue Hill Observatory Bulletin (Iacono, 2001), will describe the climatology of all 250 tropical cyclones that have affected New England since the mid-19th century and will summarize their intensity, frequency, and specific meteorological impact at the Blue Hill Observatory. A hurricane is a self-sustaining atmospheric process in which sunlight, water, and wind combine to transfer energy from the tropics to higher latitudes. The uneven distribution of solar heating at the Earth’s surface ultimately drives much of our weather as the atmosphere continually circulates to equalize the tropical warmth and the polar cold. In the tropics, this process is normally tranquil and slow, brought about through the life cycles of individual thunderstorms, the prevailing winds, and ocean currents. However, under the right conditions very warm air and water in the tropics trigger the formation of the most efficient heat transfer mechanism available to the atmosphere: a hurricane.
    [Show full text]
  • P3.4 the Distribution of Precipitation Over the Northeast Accompanying Landfalling and Transitioning Tropical Cyclones
    20th Conf. on Weather Analysis and Forecasting Seattle, WA, 11–15 January 2004 P3.4 The Distribution of Precipitation over the Northeast Accompanying Landfalling and Transitioning Tropical Cyclones David P. DeLuca*, Lance F. Bosart, Daniel Keyser University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York and David R. Vallee National Weather Service Forecast Office, Taunton, Massachusetts 1. INTRODUCTION United States. Approximately 3500 surface stations were analyzed for each storm period (currently: 1950– Landfalling and transitioning tropical cyclones 1991) by Ron Horwood of NWS WFO Taunton, MA. pose a significant heavy precipitation forecast challenge Obvious erroneous data were removed to obtain the most over the northeastern United States. The forecast accurate analyses possible. challenge is heightened because the heavy rainfall distribution associated with these tropical cyclones can A subset of eight storms (Fig. 1) where the be modulated significantly when the poleward-moving precipitation distribution is possibly influenced by storms interact with mobile midlatitude upper-level coastal frontogenesis was chosen from well–documented troughs and coastal fronts over regions of complex or famous cases. Detailed analyses were conducted terrain. The purpose of this paper is to document the using the four times daily (0000, 0600, 1200 and 1800 large spatial and temporal variability of heavy UTC) NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset (Kalnay et al. precipitation that accompanies landfalling and 1996; Kistler et al. 2001) and archived DIFAX surface transitioning tropical cyclones, and to determine the charts in an attempt to elucidate both synoptic and physical basis for the observed rainfall distribution. mesoscale processes. 2. METHODOLOGY 3. RESULTS A 38-storm dataset (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Berlin Clash Storm Brews
    Distribution Today 17,950 n*mtm today 8 to SEDMNK «. Wtbeit tamatntftra Friday h the «••. Dial SH I-0010 Se* waatber page 1, VOL R4 NO 71 Utmi ottlr, Uonlir UKoja nitay. •want Out RED BANK, N. J., THURSDAY, OCTOBER 5, 1961 7c PER COPY PAGE ONE Final Changes Made For Nov. 7th Ballot Berlin Clash FREEHOLD — With the pass- the full term and John Marz, ing of the deadline yesterday to Jr., and Norman E. Wood foi make changes on the general the two-year terms. election ballot, wvcral candi- Eatontown Democratic candi- dates have been changed and dates for two council seats have Independent candidates have resigned from the race. They been added to the Dai lot since are Elzie Chaffin and Vincent the primary election in the Storm Brews spring. (See BALLOT, page 2) The clerk of elections, Ray- mond Hartman, reported the fol- lowing additions and changes to the Nov. 7 general election bal Border lot: Matawan Township has the1 most changes, caused by the in- creasing of the committee from Guard a three-member to 9 five-mem ber group. There also will be a contest for a two-year unex- pired term on the committee, Injured that was caused by the resigna- tion of Republican Committee- BERLIN (AP) — A new man Myndert Bonnema. Mr. Bonnemt is seeking a full term diplomatic storm is ex- on the committee as an Inde- pected to blow up today pendent candidate. He heads over the wounding of an a slate of Independent candi- dates for three seats on the East German Communist AFTER VICTORY Iff OPENER — Yanket soTthpaV WKTfey Ford is flanked by El- committee.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix H: 2007 HMP Hazard Events
    Appendix H: 2007 HMP Hazard Events This appendix includes the hazard event tables that were found in the 2007 Suffolk County HMP. These tables include events that occurred in the County through 2007. DMA 2000 Hazard Mitigation Plan Update – Suffolk County, New York H-1 April 2014 Appendix H: 2007 HMP Hazard Events Table H-1. Coastal Erosion Events FEMA Declaration Suffolk County Dates of Event Event Type Number Designated? Losses / Impacts September 22- 23, 1815 Severe Storm N/A N/A Many structures damaged including Montauk Lighthouse, major erosion October 29, 1893 Severe Storm N/A N/A During “The Great Storm of 1893”, Fire Island Cut broken through October 24, 1897 Nor’easter N/A N/A Separated Orient Village from the North Fork March 4, 1931 Nor’Easter N/A N/A Created Moriches Inlet, severe beach erosion and structural damage September 21, 1938 Hurricane N/A N/A “Long Island Express” or “Great Hurricane of ‘38” caused approximately $6.2 M, multiple deaths, Shinnecock Inlet created, Moriches Inlet widened by over 4,000 feet. More then 200 homes had been perched on dunes 20-feet high, destroyed fishing industry, created 12 new inlets. The storm produced winds that reached 200 miles per hour (mph), generated 5-meter-high breakers, overwashed 1/3 to 1/2 of Long Island, and created approximately 12 new inlets. altered natural coastline erosion responses from future storms (Mandia, 1992). September 14, 1944 Hurricane N/A N/A The “Great Atlantic Hurricane” storm center crossed the eastern portion of Long Island during a falling tide.
    [Show full text]