A New Method for the Conservation of Ancient Colored Paintings on Ramie
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Introducticn Tc Ccnservoticn
introducticntc ccnservoticn UNITED NATTONSEDUCATIONA],, SCIEIilIIFTC AND CULTIJRALOROANIZATTOII AN INIRODUCTION TO CONSERYATIOI{ OF CULTURAT PROPMTY by Berr:ar"d M. Feilden Director of the Internatlonal Centre for the Preservatlon and Restoratlon of Cultural Property, Rome Aprll, L979 (cc-ig/ws/ttt+) - CONTENTS Page Preface 2 Acknowledgements Introduction 3 Chapter* I Introductory Concepts 6 Chapter II Cultural Property - Agents of Deterioration and Loss . 11 Chapter III The Principles of Conservation 21 Chapter IV The Conservation of Movable Property - Museums and Conservation . 29 Chapter V The Conservation of Historic Buildings and Urban Conservation 36 Conclusions ............... kk Appendix 1 Component Materials of Cultural Property . kj Appendix 2 Access of Water 53 Appendix 3 Intergovernmental and Non-Governmental International Agencies for Conservation 55 Appendix k The Conservator/Restorer: A Definition of the Profession .................. 6? Glossary 71 Selected Bibliography , 71*. AUTHOR'S PREFACE Some may say that the attempt to Introduce the whole subject of Conservation of Cultural Propety Is too ambitious, but actually someone has to undertake this task and it fell to my lot as Director of the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cxiltural Property (ICCROM). An introduction to conservation such as this has difficulties in striking the right balance between all the disciplines involved. The writer is an architect and, therefore, a generalist having contact with both the arts and sciences. In such a rapidly developing field as conservation no written statement can be regarded as definite. This booklet should only be taken as a basis for further discussions. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In writing anything with such a wide scope as this booklet, any author needs help and constructive comments. -
Effect of a New Continuous Production Technology of Ramie (Boehmeria Nivea) on Fiber Yield and Fineness
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE & BIOLOGY ISSN Print: 1560–8530; ISSN Online: 1814–9596 11–339/MFA/2012/14–1–87–90 http://www.fspublishers.org Full Length Article Effect of a New Continuous Production Technology of Ramie (Boehmeria nivea) on Fiber Yield and Fineness LIU LI-JUN, TANG DI-LUO, DAI XIAO-BING, YU RUN-QING AND PENG DING-XIANG1 Key Laboratory of Huazhong Crop Physiology, Ecology and Production, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China *Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT To resolve the bottleneck problems hindering the development of the ramie (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud) cultivation industry, the feasibility of a new harvesting mode was investigated. This allows a continuous supply of ramie within a growing season and provided theoretical and technical support for industrialized production of ramie. Huazhu 4 was used and harvesting times were within 28 May to 21 October 7 days interval. Five harvesting modes were designed with 3 replications, with traditional harvesting mode as the control. The results showed that the range in fiber fineness among the five harvesting modes was 1659–1958 m/g. The mean in mode 1 was the highest of the five modes (1958 m/g) and was 6.47% higher than in controls. Compared to controls, the average fiber fineness in mode 5 was 1.96% higher, and that of mode 4 was the same as the controls. However, modes 2 and 3 had 9.79 and 5.55% lower mean fiber fineness compared with controls, respectively. The harvested yields of raw fiber in modes 2 and 3 were 21.50 and 5.04%, respectively higher than controls - with no increases in other modes. -
Conservation of Cultural and Scientific Objects
CHAPTER NINE 335 CONSERVATION OF CULTURAL AND SCIENTIFIC OBJECTS In creating the National Park Service in 1916, Congress directed it "to conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and the wild life" in the parks.1 The Service therefore had to address immediately the preservation of objects placed under its care. This chapter traces how it responded to this charge during its first 66 years. Those years encompassed two developmental phases of conservation practice, one largely empirical and the other increasingly scientific. Because these tended to parallel in constraints and opportunities what other agencies found possible in object preservation, a preliminary review of the conservation field may clarify Service accomplishments. Material objects have inescapably finite existence. All of them deteriorate by the action of pervasive external and internal agents of destruction. Those we wish to keep intact for future generations therefore require special care. They must receive timely and. proper protective, preventive, and often restorative attention. Such chosen objects tend to become museum specimens to ensure them enhanced protection. Curators, who have traditionally studied and cared for museum collections, have provided the front line for their defense. In 1916 they had three principal sources of information and assistance on ways to preserve objects. From observation, instruction manuals, and formularies, they could borrow the practices that artists and craftsmen had developed through generations of trial and error. They might adopt industrial solutions, which often rested on applied research that sought only a reasonable durability. And they could turn to private restorers who specialized in remedying common ills of damaged antiques or works of art. -
Natural Fibers and Fiber-Based Materials in Biorefineries
Natural Fibers and Fiber-based Materials in Biorefineries Status Report 2018 This report was issued on behalf of IEA Bioenergy Task 42. It provides an overview of various fiber sources, their properties and their relevance in biorefineries. Their status in the scientific literature and market aspects are discussed. The report provides information for a broader audience about opportunities to sustainably add value to biorefineries by considerin g fiber applications as possible alternatives to other usage paths. IEA Bioenergy Task 42: December 2018 Natural Fibers and Fiber-based Materials in Biorefineries Status Report 2018 Report prepared by Julia Wenger, Tobias Stern, Josef-Peter Schöggl (University of Graz), René van Ree (Wageningen Food and Bio-based Research), Ugo De Corato, Isabella De Bari (ENEA), Geoff Bell (Microbiogen Australia Pty Ltd.), Heinz Stichnothe (Thünen Institute) With input from Jan van Dam, Martien van den Oever (Wageningen Food and Bio-based Research), Julia Graf (University of Graz), Henning Jørgensen (University of Copenhagen), Karin Fackler (Lenzing AG), Nicoletta Ravasio (CNR-ISTM), Michael Mandl (tbw research GesmbH), Borislava Kostova (formerly: U.S. Department of Energy) and many NTLs of IEA Bioenergy Task 42 in various discussions Disclaimer Whilst the information in this publication is derived from reliable sources, and reasonable care has been taken in its compilation, IEA Bioenergy, its Task42 Biorefinery and the authors of the publication cannot make any representation of warranty, expressed or implied, regarding the verity, accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of the information contained herein. IEA Bioenergy, its Task42 Biorefinery and the authors do not accept any liability towards the readers and users of the publication for any inaccuracy, error, or omission, regardless of the cause, or any damages resulting therefrom. -
Zbwleibniz-Informationszentrum
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Aragon, Corazon Working Paper Fiber Crops Program Area Research Planning and Prioritization PIDS Discussion Paper Series, No. 2000-30 Provided in Cooperation with: Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS), Philippines Suggested Citation: Aragon, Corazon (2000) : Fiber Crops Program Area Research Planning and Prioritization, PIDS Discussion Paper Series, No. 2000-30, Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS), Makati City This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/127739 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu Philippine Institute for Development Studies Fiber Crops Program Area Research Planning and Prioritization Corazon T. Aragon DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES NO. 2000-30 The PIDS Discussion Paper Series constitutes studies that are preliminary and subject to further revisions. -
A Biodegradable Ramie Fiber-Based Nonwoven Film Used for Increasing Oxygen Supply to Cultivated Soil
applied sciences Article A Biodegradable Ramie Fiber-Based Nonwoven Film Used for Increasing Oxygen Supply to Cultivated Soil Wanlai Zhou *,† , Yanbin Niu †, Chaoyun Wang *, Yuanru Yang, Zhijian Tan , Yongjian Yi, Wang Yu and Hongying Wang Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; [email protected] (Y.N.); [email protected] (Y.Y.); [email protected] (Z.T.); [email protected] (Y.Y.); [email protected] (W.Y.); [email protected] (H.W.) * Correspondence: aruofl[email protected] (W.Z.); [email protected] (C.W.); Tel.: +86-731-8899-8517 (W.Z.); Tel./Fax: +86-731-8899-8501 (C.W.) † These authors contributed equally to this work and should be considered co-first authors. Received: 3 September 2018; Accepted: 18 September 2018; Published: 3 October 2018 Featured Application: Short-term plant cultivation within containers where anoxia often occurs. Abstract: Plastic agricultural nonwoven films are traditionally used as covering materials, and are prone to cause various ecological problems due to their poor biodegradability. In this paper, a ramie fiber/starch nonwoven film was prepared, and was used as bedding material, that was covered by cultivated soil as opposed to covering it. The biodegradability and porosity characteristics of the film were analyzed, and its effect on oxygen supply to soil was investigated. Results showed that the prepared film had good biodegradability (65.6% after 72 days), and had a loose and porous structure, with the main pore size being in the range of 250–300 µm. After the soil moisture content was reduced to about 44%, the oxygen concentration in the soil that was in close contact with the film, which padded the bottom surface of the plate, rose sharply and then kept stable at 20.1%, whereas soil directly in contact with the plate remained extremely anoxic (0.2%). -
An Analysis of the Abaca Natural Fiber in Reinforcing Concrete Composites As a Construction Material in Developing Countries
University of Northern Iowa UNI ScholarWorks Dissertations and Theses @ UNI Student Work 1988 An analysis of the abaca natural fiber in einforr cing concrete composites as a construction material in developing countries Rolando V. Magdamo University of Northern Iowa Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy Copyright ©1988 Rolando V. Magdamo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/etd Part of the Construction Engineering and Management Commons, and the Materials Science and Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Magdamo, Rolando V., "An analysis of the abaca natural fiber in einforr cing concrete composites as a construction material in developing countries" (1988). Dissertations and Theses @ UNI. 865. https://scholarworks.uni.edu/etd/865 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses @ UNI by an authorized administrator of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photo graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. -
Creativity Matters: the Arts and Aging Toolkit © 2007 by the National Guild of Community Schools of the Arts, 520 8Th Avenue, Suite 302, New York, NY 10018
NATionaL GUILD OF CommUniTY SchooLS OF The ARTS CREATIVITY NATionaL CenTer For CreaTIVE Aging NEW Jersey PerForming ARTS CenTer MATTERS THE ARTS AND AGING JOHANNA MISEY BOYER TOOLKIT CREATIVITY MATTERS THE ARTS AND AGING TOOLKIT Creativity Matters: The Arts and Aging Toolkit © 2007 by the National Guild of Community Schools of the Arts, 520 8th Avenue, Suite 302, New York, NY 10018 All rights reserved. Published 2007 Printed in the United States of America Evaluation: Performance Results, Inc., Laytonsville, Maryland Editing: Ellen Hirzy, Washington, DC Design: fuszion, Alexandria, Virginia Photo Credits: Cover (top) and 14: PARADIGM, Solomons Company/Dance, Inc., New York, NY; cover (center): detail of work by Hang Fong Zhang, Center for Elders and Youth in the Arts, Institute on Aging, San Francisco, CA, Jeff Chapline, artistic director; cover (bottom) and 184: Concord Community Music School, Concord, NH, National Guild member since 1984; xxii, 32, 174, 178: Stagebridge Senior Theatre Company, Oakland, CA; 44: Amatullah Saleem (storyteller), Pearls of Wisdom program, Elders Share the Arts, Brooklyn, NY; 24: Alzheimer’s Association Orange County, Irvine, CA; 70: detail of work by Celia Sacks, Center for Elders and Youth in the Arts, Institute on Aging, San Francisco, CA, Jeff Chapline, artistic director; 122: The Golden Tones, Wayland, MA; 146: Irv Williams and Carla Vogel (musician and dancer), Kairos Dance Theatre, Minneapolis, MN; 164: Jesse Neuman-Peterson and Moses Williams (dancers), Kairos Dance Theatre, Minneapolis, MN. The author would like to acknowledge the support of Neil A. Boyer and the inspiration of the ladies on the garden level and her own well elder, Edward G. -
4-10 Matting and Framing.Pdf
PRESERVATION LEAFLET CONSERVATION PROCEDURES 4.10 Matting and Framing for Works on Paper and Photographs NEDCC Staff NEDCC Andover, MA The importance of proper matting, mounting and framing Do not use any type of foam board such as Fom-cor®, is often overlooked as a key part of collections care and “archival” paper faced foam boards, Gator board, preventative conservation. Poor quality materials and expanded PVC boards such as Sintra® or Komatex®, any improper framing techniques are a common source of lignin containing paper-based mat boards, kraft (brown) damage to artwork and cultural heritage materials that paper, non-archival or self-adhesive tapes (i.e. document are in otherwise good condition. Staying informed about repair tapes), or ATG (adhesive transfer gum), all of which proper framing practices and choosing conservation-grade are used in the majority of frame shops. mounting, matting and framing can prevent many problems that in the future will be much more difficult to MATTING solve or even completely irreversible. As Benjamin Franklin said, “An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of The window mat is the standard mount for works on cure.” paper. The ideal window mat will be aesthetically pleasing while safely protecting the piece from exterior damage. Mats are an excellent storage method for works on paper CHOICE OF A FRAMER and can minimize the damage caused from handling in When choosing a framer it is important to find someone collections that are used for exhibition and study. Some well-informed about best conservation framing practices institutions simplify their framing and storage operations and experienced in implementing them. -
Ancient Textiles from the Andes
Whitworth Art Gallery | Manchester Ancient Textiles 29.03.2019 - 15.09.2019 from the Andes Preview: Thursday 28 March, 6-8 pm Opening March 29th 2019, the exhibition “Ancient Textiles from the Andes” at the Manchester Whitworth Gallery will present the Paul Hughes collection to compliment the Whitworth’s own collection of these splendorous woven artworks. Spanning the period 300 BC - 1200 AD, the exhibition is the most comprehensive insight to the Andean textile world ever mounted within the UK, a journey to unlock these exceptional cultures and artists to reveal their technical virtuosity and aesthetic refinements, also their role of revolutionising art history from the Bauhaus to other seminal artists and styles of our own era. Both Josef and Anni Albers were avid collectors as well as their Bauhaus collaborator and mentor Paul Klee. “Dedicated to my great teachers, the weavers of ancient Peru”, Ann Albers prefaced to her book “On Weaving”. In comparison to other medium such as ceramic, paintings and architectures, the textile arts of the Andes are widely regarded as the primal medium of artistic expression. A highly sophisticated system of textiles production that encompassed all known techniques and others such as interlocking tapestry, discontinuous weft, painted textiles, feather appliqué tie-dye and warped face weaving that emerged in cultures such as Paracas, Nazca, Wari, and Chancay will be displayed at the exhibition. Both in segments, wall hangings and in tunic forms, the exhibition narrates the complexities of their transition from local ritual to a wider shared universal culture. From an aesthetic point of view, Pre-Columbian Andean textile artists were also proficient in bold abstract expressions of solid colour fields and sophisticated geometries, also in more figurative stylistic renderings of their world and spiritual views. -
19. Principles of Yarn Requirements for Knitting
19. Principles of Yarn Requirements for Knitting Errol Wood Learning objectives On completion of this lecture you should be able to: • Describe the general methods of forming textile fabrics; • Outline the fibre and yarn requirements for machine knitwear • Describe the steps in manufacturing and preparing yarn for knitting Key terms and concepts Weft knitting, warp knitting, fibres, fibre diameter, worsted system, yarn count, steaming, clearing, winding, lubrication, needle loop, sinker loop, courses, wales, latch needle, bearded needle Introduction Knitting as a method of converting yarn into fabric begins with the bending of the yarn into either weft or warp loops. These loops are then intermeshed with other loops of the same open or closed configuration in either a horizontal or vertical direction. These directions correspond respectively to the two basic forms of knitting technology – weft and warp knitting. In recent decades few sectors of the textile industry have grown as rapidly as the machine knitting industry. Advances in knitting technologies and fibres have led to a diverse range of products on the market, from high quality apparel to industrial textiles. The knitting industry can be divided into four groups – fully fashioned, flat knitting, circular knitting and warp knitting. Within the wool industry both fully fashioned and flat knitting are widely used. Circular knitting is limited to certain markets and warp knitting is seldom used for wool. This lecture covers the fibre and yarn requirements for knitting, and explains the formation of knitted structures. A number of texts are useful as general references for this lecture; (Wignall, 1964), (Gohl and Vilensky, 1985) and (Spencer, 1986). -
FIBRE YIELDING PLANTS of INDIA Genetic Resources, Perspective for Collection and Utilisation
Article FIBRE YIELDING PLANTS OF INDIA Genetic resources, perspective for collection and utilisation Anjula Pandey and Rita Gupta National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi-110012, India (excluding wood fibres) are grouped into Abstract soft fibres/ bast fibres, hard fibres or structural fibres and surface fibres. Bast The paper provides a brief overview of the major fibre yielding plants and fibres are exogenous in origin and are their uses in India. This account includes data mainly based on field experience, generally more durable, resistant to market surveys, ethnobotanical information and other relevant literature retting, bleaching and other processing available on this account. The enumeration of the species listed under various treatments. They are associated with plant families provides ready reference for use and commercial names of vascular tissues, such as phloem, pericycle important fibre types. The analysis provides the untapped wealth under this and cortex. Examples of bast fibres are category for widening the base of fibre genetic resources, future collections jute, hemp, flax, roselle, ramie, etc. and utilisation. The promising species thus indicated may provide scope for Structural fibres primarily associated with domestication and future cultivation. monocotyledonous plants are shorter, lignified cells surrounding vascular tissue. Introduction Gradual depletion of forest They are endogenous in nature, coarse, resources of plant based material resulted weaker, hard and brittle and thus less Among the plant species in loss of important diversity. The plant durable than the bast fibres. The common commonly used by man the fibre yielding fibres have specific qualities such as examples include Manila hemp, Sisal and plants hold the second position after the thermal insulation, resistance to water and Kittul fibres.