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Current Situation in Iraq Hearings Committee On S. HRG. 110–267 CURRENT SITUATION IN IRAQ HEARINGS BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION JANUARY 12 AND 25, 2007 Printed for the use of the Committee on Armed Services ( U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 40–523 PDF WASHINGTON : 2008 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 0ct 09 2002 16:39 Feb 04, 2008 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 C:\DOCS\40523.TXT SARMSER2 PsN: JUNEB COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES CARL LEVIN, Michigan, Chairman EDWARD M. KENNEDY, Massachusetts JOHN MCCAIN, Arizona ROBERT C. BYRD, West Virginia JOHN WARNER, Virginia, JOSEPH I. LIEBERMAN, Connecticut JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma JACK REED, Rhode Island JEFF SESSIONS, Alabama DANIEL K. AKAKA, Hawaii SUSAN M. COLLINS, Maine BILL NELSON, Florida JOHN ENSIGN, Nevada E. BENJAMIN NELSON, Nebraska SAXBY CHAMBLISS, Georgia EVAN BAYH, Indiana LINDSEY O. GRAHAM, South Carolina HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON, New York ELIZABETH DOLE, North Carolina MARK L. PRYOR, Arkansas JOHN CORNYN, Texas JIM WEBB, Virginia JOHN THUNE, South Dakota CLAIRE McCASKILL, Missouri MEL MARTINEZ, Florida RICHARD D. DEBOBES, Staff Director MICHAEL V. KOSTIW, Republican Staff Director (II) VerDate 0ct 09 2002 16:39 Feb 04, 2008 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 0486 Sfmt 0486 C:\DOCS\40523.TXT SARMSER2 PsN: JUNEB C O N T E N T S CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF WITNESSES IRAQ JANUARY 12, 2007 Page Gates, Hon. Robert M., Secretary of Defense ........................................................ 7 Pace, Gen. Peter, USMC, Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff .................................. 11 THE CURRENT SITUATION IN IRAQ AND ON THE ADMINISTRATION’S RECENTLY AN- NOUNCED STRATEGY FOR CONTINUED UNITED STATES ASSISTANCE TO THE IRAQI GOVERNMENT AND FOR AN INCREASED UNITED STATES MILITARY PRESENCE IN IRAQ JANUARY 25, 2007 Perry, William J., Senior Fellow, Hoover Institution; and Former Secretary of Defense ............................................................................................................. 97 Ross, Ambassador Dennis B., Counselor and Ziegler Distinguished Fellow, the Washington Institute for Near East Policy; and Former Director for Policy Planning in the Department of State Under President George H.W. Bush and Special Middle East Coordinator Under President Bill Clinton ..... 103 Keane, GEN John M., USA (Ret.), Former Vice Chief of Staff, United States Army ...................................................................................................................... 109 (III) VerDate 0ct 09 2002 16:39 Feb 04, 2008 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 0486 Sfmt 0486 C:\DOCS\40523.TXT SARMSER2 PsN: JUNEB VerDate 0ct 09 2002 16:39 Feb 04, 2008 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 0486 Sfmt 0486 C:\DOCS\40523.TXT SARMSER2 PsN: JUNEB IRAQ FRIDAY, JANUARY 12, 2007 U.S. SENATE, COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES, Washington, DC. The committee met, pursuant to notice, at 9:32 a.m. in room SH– 216, Hart Senate Office Building, Senator John Warner 1 (chair- man) presiding. Committee members present: Senators Levin, Kennedy, Byrd, Lieberman, Reed, Akaka, Bill Nelson, E. Benjamin Nelson, Pryor, Webb, McCaskill, McCain, Warner, Inhofe, Sessions, Collins, En- sign, Chambliss, Graham, Cornyn, Thune, and Martinez. Committee staff members present: Richard D. DeBobes, staff di- rector; and Leah C. Brewer, nominations and hearings clerk. Majority staff members present: Jonathan D. Clark, counsel; Daniel J. Cox, Jr., professional staff member; Gabriella Eisen, pro- fessional staff member; Evelyn N. Farkas, professional staff mem- ber; Richard W. Fieldhouse, professional staff member; Creighton Greene, professional staff member; William G.P. Monahan, counsel; Michael J. Noblet, research assistant; Arun A. Seraphin, profes- sional staff member; and William K. Sutey, professional staff mem- ber. Minority staff members present: Michael V. Kostiw, Republican staff director; Pablo Carrillo, professional staff member; Ambrose R. Hock, professional staff member; Gregory T. Kiley, professional staff member; Derek J. Maurer, minority counsel; Elaine A. McCusker, professional staff member; David M. Morriss, minority counsel; Lucian L. Niemeyer, professional staff member; Chris- topher J. Paul, professional staff member; Lynn F. Rusten, profes- sional staff member; Sean G. Stackley, professional staff member; Kristine L. Svinicki, professional staff member; Diana G. Tabler, professional staff member; and Richard F. Walsh, minority counsel. Staff assistants present: David G. Collins, Micah H. Harris, and Benjamin L. Rubin. Committee members’ assistants present: Mieke Y. Eoyang and Sharon L. Waxman, assistants to Senator Kennedy; Frederick M. Downey, Assisant to Senator Lieberman; Elizabeth King, assistant to Senator Reed; Richard Kessler, assistant to Senator Akaka; Jeff Benson and Caroline Tess, assistants to Senator Bill Nelson; Eric 1 NOTE TO READERS: The 110th Congress convened on January 4, 2007. Committee member- ships, however, were not made official by the Senate until the afternoon of January 12, 2007. This hearing convened at 9:32 a.m. on January 12, 2007. As you will read, Chairman Warner gaveled the hearing open and then passed the gavel to his successor, Senator Carl Levin, effect- ing for purposes of this transcript a change in the chairmanship of the committee. (1) VerDate 0ct 09 2002 16:39 Feb 04, 2008 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 C:\DOCS\40523.TXT SARMSER2 PsN: JUNEB 2 Pierce, assistant to Senator Ben Nelson; Gordon Peterson, assistant to Senator Webb; Nichole M. Distefano, assistant to Senator McCaskill; Richard H. Fontaine, Jr. and Paul C. Hutton IV, assist- ants to Senator McCain; Arch Galloway II, assistant to Senator Sessions; Mark Winter, assistant to Senator Collins; Clyde A. Tay- lor IV, assistant to Senator Chambliss; Matthew R. Rimkunas, as- sistant to Senator Graham; Russell J. Thomasson, assistant to Sen- ator Cornyn; and Stuart C. Mallory, assistant to Senator Thune. OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR JOHN WARNER, CHAIRMAN Chairman WARNER. Thank you very much. As a consequence of the recent election and as a consequence of the Republican caucus, I stepped down as chairman. The Senate has as yet not reorga- nized, so the designated chairman, Senator Levin, desires that we adhere to the strict rules, and at this time I pass the gavel to my good friend Senator McCain for such purposes as he may wish to make of it. Senator MCCAIN [presiding]. This may be one of the shortest pas- sages in history. [Laughter.] Senator LEVIN. I think we will stop it right there, as a matter of fact. [Laughter.] Chairman LEVIN [presiding]. Thank you. Senator MCCAIN. Congratulations, Senator Levin. I look forward to working in the same strong bipartisan fashion which has charac- terized our membership on this committee for many years. We thank Senator Warner for the great job that he did as chairman of this committee. We congratulate you and look forward to work- ing with you. Chairman LEVIN. Thank you, Senator McCain. Senator WARNER. I join in those remarks. Chairman LEVIN. The feelings are very, very mutual indeed, and Senator Warner has set a style here that I intend to emulate in terms of bipartisanship. It has been a tradition of this committee and that will continue, I know, and I know that it is your intention that it continue as well, Senator McCain. Apparently, we are going to have two votes coming up in about 20 or 25 minutes and we will see how that will be handled when we get to that point. But let me first welcome Secretary Gates and General Pace to the committee this morning. This is Secretary Gates’ first appearance before this committee as Secretary of De- fense. We anticipate and look forward to more, Mr. Secretary, and I hope you do too. We congratulate you on your confirmation, of course. We hope both of you will convey to our troops and to their families the gratitude of this committee for their dedication, their sacrifices, and their service to our country. I also want to say a special welcome to the new members of the committee: Senator Pryor, who is returning for his second tour of duty; and Senator Webb, Senator McCaskill, and Senator Martinez. All of us share the common goal of trying to maximize the chances of success in Iraq. The reason that I oppose increasing the number of U.S. troops in Iraq as the President outlined this week is because I do not believe that it will help us achieve success in Iraq. In fact, I believe that the policy will help prolong the violence VerDate 0ct 09 2002 16:39 Feb 04, 2008 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 C:\DOCS\40523.TXT SARMSER2 PsN: JUNEB 3 in Iraq and make it harder to achieve this goal while increasing the loss of American lives and treasure. Increasing the number of U.S. forces in Iraq is a flawed strategy because it is based on the false premise that there is a military so- lution to the violence and instability in Iraq when what is needed is a political solution among the Iraqi leaders and factions. Iraq’s own Prime Minister Maliki acknowledged recently that, ‘‘The crisis is political and the ones who can stop the cycle of aggravation and bloodletting of innocents are the politicians.’’ Our sending more troops to Iraq suggests that the future of Iraq is in our hands when, in reality, it is in the hands of the Iraqis themselves. On Wednesday evening the President said that he had made clear to Iraq’s leaders that America’s commitment is not open-ended. I welcome those words, but the reality behind the President’s new rhetoric is that the open-ended commitment con- tinues. More American military men and women would be sent into the chaos of Iraq’s sectarian violence without condition, without limitation. President Bush indicated that the Iraqi government needs ‘‘breathing space’’ to make political progress.
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